made+clear

ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.

Lit.:

ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,

ferrum,

Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:

enses,

Ov. M. 15, 776:

gladium,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:

sagittas,

id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:

fulmen,

Lucr. 6, 278:

dentes,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—

Trop.

First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:

acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 97:

linguam causis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:

acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,

Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:

multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—

Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:

ad crudelitatem,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:

illos sat aetas acuet,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:

ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,

id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:

curis acuens mortalia corda,

Verg. G. 1, 123:

auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,

id. ib. 4, 435:

quam Juno his acuit verbis,

id. A. 7, 330.—

Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):

saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,

Verg. A. 12, 108:

iram,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:

studia,

Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—

In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,

Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):

vide ut sit acutus culter probe,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:

ferrum,

Hor. A. P. 304:

cuspis,

Verg. A. 5, 208:

gladius,

Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:

carex,

Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:

nasus,

Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:

oculi,

of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:

aures,

pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:

saxa,

id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—

Transf.

Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:

oculos acrīs atque cicutos,

Cic. Planc. 66:

nares,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—

Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):

hinnitu,

Verg. G. 3, 94:

voces,

id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:

stridore,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—

In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:

sol,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

radii solis,

Ov. H. 4, 159:

gelu,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,

febris,

Cels. 2, 4:

morbus,

id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:

acuta belli,

violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—

Fig.

Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):

Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,

Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39:

acutae sententiae,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:

motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,

id. Or. 1, 113:

studia,

id. Gen. 50:

conclusiones,

Quint. 2, 20, 5.—

In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:

conlecta,

Cic. Deiot. 33:

excogitat,

id. Verr. 4, 147:

respondeo,

id. Cael. 17:

scribo,

id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:

cernis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

resonarent,

ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20.

ex-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press or squeeze out, to force out (class.).

Lit.:

oleum ex malobathro,

Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129:

sucum expresso semini,

id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

sucum flore,

id. 21, 19, 74, § 127:

sucum radici,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 136; cf.: vinum palmis, oleum sesamae (dat.), id. 6, 28, 32, § 161:

oleum amygdalis,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 8:

sudorem de corpore,

Lucr. 5, 487:

lacrimulam oculos terendo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

si nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44:

liquorem per densa foramina (cribri),

Ov. M. 12, 438; cf.:

aquam in altum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39:

aquam in altitudinem,

Vitr. 8, 7:

quantum has (turres) quotidianus agger expresserat,

had carried up, raised, Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4 Oud.:

pecuniam alicui,

Suet. Oth. 5; id. Vesp. 4.—

Transf.

With an object denoting that out of which something is pressed or squeezed, to press, squeeze, wring:

spongiam ex oleo vel aceto,

Cels. 5, 24 med.:

lanam ex vino vel aceto,

Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31; cf.:

Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 224:

spongiae expressae inter duas tabulas,

Plin. 31, 11, 47, § 128:

oleam,

id. 12, 27, 60, § 130:

folia rosae,

id. 21, 18, 73, § 122:

tuberculum,

id. 11, 11, 12, § 29.—

To form by pressure, to represent, form, model, portray, express (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

freq. in the elder Pliny): (faber) et ungues exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

alicujus furorem... verecundiae ruborem,

Plin. 34, 14, 40, § 140:

expressa in cera ex anulo imago,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:

imaginem hominis gypso e facie ipsa,

Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153; cf.:

effigiem de signis,

id. ib.:

optime Herculem Delphis et Alexandrum, etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 66 et saep.:

vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens,

exhibiting, showing, Tac. G. 17:

pulcher aspectu sit athleta, cujus lacertos exercitatio expressit,

has well developed, made muscular, Quint. 8, 3, 10.

Trop.

To squeeze or wring out, to extort, wrest, elicit: lex, quam ex natura ipsa arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus, qs. pressed out, Cic. Mil. 4, 10:

utilitas expressit nomina rerum,

has imposed, Lucr. 5, 1029: cf.:

cum ab iis saepius quaereret, neque ullam omnino vocem exprimere posset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 3:

expressa est Romanis necessitas obsides dandi,

Liv. 2, 13, 4:

confessionem concessi maris hosti,

id. 37, 31, 5:

confessionem cruciatu,

Suet. Galb. 10:

deditionem ultimā necessitate,

Liv. 8, 2, 6:

pecunia vi expressa et coacta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 165:

tu si tuis blanditiis a Sicyoniis nummulorum aliquid expresseris,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9:

risum magis quam gemitum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 7 et saep.—With ut:

expressi, ut conficere se tabulas negaret,

have constrained, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

expressit, ut polliceretur,

Curt. 6, 7. —

Transf. (acc. to I. B. 2.), to imitate, copy, represent, to portray, describe, express, esp. in words (cf. reddo):

cum magnitudine animi tum liberalitate vitam patris et consuetudinem expresserit,

i. e. imitated, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

lex expressa ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

vitia imitatione ex aliquo expressa,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

rem ante oculos ponit, cum exprimit omnia perspicue, ut res prope dicam manu tentari possit,

Auct. Her. 4, 40, 62; cf. id. ib. §

63: hanc speciem Pasiteles caelavit argento et noster expressit Archias versibus,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

mores alicujus oratione,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184:

multas nobis imagines fortissimorum virorum expressas scriptores Graeci et Latini reliquerunt,

id. Arch. 6, 14; cf. id. ib. 12, 30:

in Platonis libris omnibus fere Socrates exprimitur,

id. de Or. 3, 4, 15: Mithridaticum bellum magnum atque difficile totum ab hoc expressum est, depicted to the life, id. Arch. 9, 21; cf.:

ut Euryalum exprimat infans,

may resemble, Juv. 6, 81.—With rel.-clause as object:

diligenter, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

exprimere non possum, quanto sim gaudio affectus,

tell, express, Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2; Vell. 2, 124, 1:

verbis exprimere quid quis sentiat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 7:

quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

mores in scriptis exprimere,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 4.—Of translating into another language, to render, translate:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. ib. 1, 44: katalêpsin, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

nec tamen exprimi verbum e verbo necesse erit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; cf.:

verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1.—Of words, to pronounce, utter:

nolo exprimi litteras putidius nolo obscurari neglegentius,

with affected distinctness, Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

verba,

Quint. 1, 2, 6; 9, 4, 10; 40 al.—Rarely of a personal object:

oratorem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 90:

moderatorem rei publicae nostris libris diligenter expressimus,

id. Att. 8, 11, 1.—Hence, expressus, a, um, P. a., clearly exhibited, prominent, distinct, visible, manifest, clear, plain, express (syn. solidus, opp. adumbratus).

Lit.:

species deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi, nihil eminentis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf.:

litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

corpora lacertis expressa,

powerful, muscular, Quint. 8 praef. §

19: protinus omnibus membris, expressus infans,

fully formed, id. 2, 4, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

habuit Catilina permulta maximarum non expressa signa, sed adumbrata virtutum,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12; cf.:

est gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3 (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 62, p. 723 sq.):

indicia solida et expressa,

id. Planc. 12; cf.:

veri juris germanaeque justitiae solida et expressa effigies,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

expressa sceleris vestigia,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

expressiora et illustriora,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 3; and:

quid expressius atque signatius in hanc causam?

Tert. Res. Carn. 3.—

Expressa carmina Battiadae, translated, Cat. 65, 16.—Of distinct pronunciation:

vitia oris emendet, ut expressa sint verba, ut suis quaeque litterae sonis enuntientur,

Quint. 1, 11, 4:

expressior sermo,

id. 1, 1, 37:

expressior loquacitas generi picarum est,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118. —In a bad sense, of a too emphatic, affected pronunciation: sonus erat dulcis: litterae neque expressae neque oppressae, ne aut obscurum esset aut putidum, Cic Off. 1, 37, 133.—Hence, adv.: expressē.

Lit., with pressure, strongly:

artus expressius fricare,

Scrib. Comp. 198.—

Trop., expressly, distinctly, clearly:

conscripta exempla,

Auct. Her. 4, 7, 10:

quod ipsum expressius Hesiodus hoc versu significavit,

Col. 11, 1, 29.—Of pronunciation, distinctly:

ut ea (R littera) a nullo expressius efferretur,

Val. Max. 8, 7, 1 ext.

illūmĭno ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [in-lumino], to light up, make light, illuminate (class.; cf. illustro).

A.. Lit.:

luna illuminata a sole,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

puteum (sole),

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183:

tabulata gallinarum parvis fenestellis,

Col. 8, 3, 3:

vias igni,

Stat. Th. 12, 575.—

Transf., to embellish or adorn with any thing bright:

corona aurea fulgentibus gemmis illuminata,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60; Lampr. Comm. 17:

purpura omnem vestem illuminat,

Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 127.—

Trop., to set in a clear light, to set off, make conspicuous (esp. freq. in rhetor. lang. of brilliant oratory):

translatum, quod maxime tamquam stellis quibusdam notat et illuminat orationem,

Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 170; cf. id. Or. 25, 83:

orationem sententiis,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 208:

orationem translatorum nitore,

Quint. 12, 10, 36:

pulchritudinem rerum (claritas orationis),

id. 2, 16, 10; 8, 3, 73:

horum fidem Mitylenaeorum perfidia illuminavit,

Vell. 2, 18, 3:

nisi Thebas unum os Pindari illuminaret,

made illustrious, id. 1, 18, 3:

illuminata sapientia,

Cic. Brut. 58, 213.—Hence, * illūmĭnātē ( inl-), adv., clearly, luminously:

dicere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.

illūmĭno ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [in-lumino], to light up, make light, illuminate (class.; cf. illustro).

A.. Lit.:

luna illuminata a sole,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

puteum (sole),

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183:

tabulata gallinarum parvis fenestellis,

Col. 8, 3, 3:

vias igni,

Stat. Th. 12, 575.—

Transf., to embellish or adorn with any thing bright:

corona aurea fulgentibus gemmis illuminata,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60; Lampr. Comm. 17:

purpura omnem vestem illuminat,

Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 127.—

Trop., to set in a clear light, to set off, make conspicuous (esp. freq. in rhetor. lang. of brilliant oratory):

translatum, quod maxime tamquam stellis quibusdam notat et illuminat orationem,

Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 170; cf. id. Or. 25, 83:

orationem sententiis,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 208:

orationem translatorum nitore,

Quint. 12, 10, 36:

pulchritudinem rerum (claritas orationis),

id. 2, 16, 10; 8, 3, 73:

horum fidem Mitylenaeorum perfidia illuminavit,

Vell. 2, 18, 3:

nisi Thebas unum os Pindari illuminaret,

made illustrious, id. 1, 18, 3:

illuminata sapientia,

Cic. Brut. 58, 213.—Hence, * illūmĭnātē ( inl-), adv., clearly, luminously:

dicere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.

illūmĭno ( inl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [in-lumino], to light up, make light, illuminate (class.; cf. illustro).

A.. Lit.:

luna illuminata a sole,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

puteum (sole),

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183:

tabulata gallinarum parvis fenestellis,

Col. 8, 3, 3:

vias igni,

Stat. Th. 12, 575.—

Transf., to embellish or adorn with any thing bright:

corona aurea fulgentibus gemmis illuminata,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60; Lampr. Comm. 17:

purpura omnem vestem illuminat,

Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 127.—

Trop., to set in a clear light, to set off, make conspicuous (esp. freq. in rhetor. lang. of brilliant oratory):

translatum, quod maxime tamquam stellis quibusdam notat et illuminat orationem,

Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 170; cf. id. Or. 25, 83:

orationem sententiis,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 208:

orationem translatorum nitore,

Quint. 12, 10, 36:

pulchritudinem rerum (claritas orationis),

id. 2, 16, 10; 8, 3, 73:

horum fidem Mitylenaeorum perfidia illuminavit,

Vell. 2, 18, 3:

nisi Thebas unum os Pindari illuminaret,

made illustrious, id. 1, 18, 3:

illuminata sapientia,

Cic. Brut. 58, 213.—Hence, * illūmĭnātē ( inl-), adv., clearly, luminously:

dicere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.

rādo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to scrape, scratch, shave, rub, or smooth; of the hair, to shave off with a razor (while tondere is to cut off with shears; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. scabo).

Lit.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, tear, lacerate by scratching, in mourning, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157;

and Fest. s. v. radere, p. 227: fauces,

to irritate, Lucr. 4, 528; Quint. 11, 3, 13 Spald.;

11, 3, 20: terram pedibus (corvus),

Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 2:

caput et supercilia,

to shave, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20 (just before, abrasa); Petr. 103:

caput, as a token of slavery,

Liv. 34, 52 fin.;

in mourning,

Suet. Calig. 5;

and in execution of a vow made in times of peril,

Juv. 12, 81 (cf. Petr. 103 sqq.):

barbam,

Suet. Aug. 79.— Transf., of the person himself:

ut tonderetur diligenter ac raderetur,

Suet. Caes. 45; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211:

tigna,

to smooth off, Lucr. 5, 1267:

virgae,

Verg. G. 2, 358; cf.

lapides,

to sweep the mosaic ground, Hor. S. 2, 4, 83:

parietes,

to scratch, Plin. 28, 4, 13, § 52:

aream,

i. e. to clear of bushes, Col. 2, 19; cf.:

medicam marris ad solum,

to weed out, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 147:

arva imbribus (Eurus),

to strip, lay waste, sweep, ravage, Hor. Epod. 16, 54; cf.:

terras (Aquilo),

id. S. 2, 6, 25:

nomen fastis,

to scratch out, erase, Tac. A. 3, 17 fin.:

margine in extremo littera rasa,

Ov. Am. 1, 11, 22:

tabellae rasae,

id. A. A. 1, 437.—

Poet., transf.

To touch in passing, touch upon, brush along, graze; of streams:

ripas radentia flumina rodunt,

Lucr. 5, 256; Ov. F. 1, 242; Luc. 2, 425; Sen. Hippol. 16.—

Of sailors: hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni Radimus (in sailing by),

Verg. A. 3, 700; 5, 170; 7, 10; Val. Fl. 5, 108; Luc. 5, 425; 8, 246 al.: sicco freta radere passu (with percurrere;

of horses running past),

Ov. M. 10, 654:

terra rasa squamis (serpentis),

id. ib. 3, 75:

arva radens serpens,

Stat. Th. 5, 525; cf. Verg. A. 5, 217:

trajectos surculus rasit,

crept through, Suet. Ner. 48.—

To strip off, nip off:

damnosa canicula quantum raderet,

Pers. 3, 50: ista tonstrix radit, i. e. shaves her customers (sc. of their money), Mart. 2, 17, 5.—

Trop., to grate upon, hurt, offend:

aures delicatas radere,

Quint. 3, 1, 3:

teneras auriculas mordaci vero,

Pers. 1, 107:

pallentes mores,

to lash, satirize, id. 5, 15.