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21 gage
̈ɪɡeɪdʒ залог - in * of smth. в залог чего-л. - to give under /upon/ * отдавать под залог( историческое) вызов( на поединок) вызов - to throw /to cast/ (down) one's * бросить вызов /перчатку/ - to take up smb.'s * принять вызов( устаревшее) отдавать в заклад, закладывать( устаревшее) биться об заклад( устаревшее) ручаться( разговорное) сосуд емкостью в одну кварту (американизм) (сленг) плохое виски;
пойло( американизм) (сленг) сигарета, папироса;
сигара;
курево;
жевательный табак( американизм) (сленг) сигарета с марихуаной;
марихуана (ботаника) венгерка итальянская (Prunus italica) мера;
масштаб;
размер - * length( специальное) расчетная длина - to take the * of smth. измерять что-л.;
снимать мерку с чего-л. мера, степень, показатель, критерий - to take the * of smb. оценивать кого-л. - it is a * of his experience это позволяет судить о его опыте - the incident was a * of public feeling on the subject этот инцидент явился показателем общественного мнения по этому вопросу( специальное) измерительный прибор - temperature * термометр( специальное) индикатор( специальное) манометр( специальное) датчик калибр;
шаблон;
лекало;
эталон - master * (техническое) эталонный калибр калибр (пули) номер или толщина проволоки или листового материала (электроника) сортамент( проводов) (железнодорожное) ширина колеи - broad * широкая колея путевой шаблон( морское) осадка( судна) (морское) положение относительно ветра - lee * подветренная сторона - to have /to keep/ the weather * of находиться с наветренной стороны по отношению к;
иметь преимущество над( кем-л.) ;
быть в более выигрышном положении, чем( кто-л.) (строительство) состав( штукатурки) измерять, проверять( размер) - to * the diameter of wire измерить диаметр проволоки - to * the contents of a barrel вымерять содержимое бочки (промером и расчетом) - to * the rainfall измерить количество осадков - to * a river сделать промер глубины реки - to * the distance with one's eye определить расстояние на глаз(ок) - to * the strength of the wind измерить силу ветра рассчитывать - to * the right moment выбрать подходящий момент - he was trying to * how far he should move он пытался прикинуть, на сколько ему следует подвинуться оценивать (человека, характер и т. п.) - to * smb.'s strength оценить чьи-л. силы - to * smb. by what he does судить о ком-л. по его поступкам - we must try to * how strong public opinion is мы должны попытаться оценить силу общественного мнения -спец калибровать;
эталонировать;
градуировать;
клеймить (меры) подгонять под определенный размер (тж. * up) gage амер. = gauge ~ биться об заклад ~ вызов (на поединок) ;
to throw down a gage бросить вызов, "перчатку" ~ заклад ~ залог;
in gage (of smth.) в залог (чего-л.) ;
to give on gage отдавать в залог ~ отдавать в залог ~ ручаться;
давать в качестве залога ~ ручной залог gage амер. = gauge gauge: gauge градуировать, калибровать;
выверять, клеймить ( меры) ~ градуировать ~ измерительный прибор ~ измерять, проверять (размер) ~ измерять, проверять ~ измерять ~ калибр (пули) ;
номер, толщина (проволоки) ;
эл. сортамент (проводов) ~ калибровать ~ критерий;
способ оценки ~ масштаб ~ мера, масштаб, размер;
калибр;
to take the gauge of измерять;
оценивать ~ мера, критерий ~ мера ~ оценивать (человека, характер) ~ подводить под определенный размер ~ подводить под определенный размер ~ мор. (обыкн. gage) положение относительно ветра;
to have the weather gauge of иметь преимущество (перед кем-л.) ~ проверять ~ размер ~ шаблон, лекало;
эталон ~ шаблон ~ ж.-д. ширина колеи;
broad (narrow) gauge широкая (узкая) колея ~ залог;
in gage (of smth.) в залог (чего-л.) ;
to give on gage отдавать в залог ~ залог;
in gage (of smth.) в залог (чего-л.) ;
to give on gage отдавать в залог ~ вызов (на поединок) ;
to throw down a gage бросить вызов, "перчатку" -
22 read
redpast tense, past participle; = readread vb leertr[riːd]1 (gen) leer■ have you read his latest novel? ¿has leído su última novela?2 (meter) hacer la lectura de3 (interpret) interpretar; (decipher) descifrar■ the situation as I read it... la situación tal como la veo yo...4 (at university) estudiar5 (instrument) indicar, marcar6 (sign, notice) decir, poner■ 'Closed for holidays" read the sign on the door "Cerrado por vacaciones" decía el letrero en la puerta1 (gen) leer■ have you read about the accident in the paper? ¿has leído lo del accidente en el diario?2 (text, passage)1\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be well read / widely read tener una gran culturato take something as read dar algo por sentado1) : leerto read a story: leer un cuento2) interpret: interpretarit can be read two ways: se puede interpretar de dos maneras3) : decir, ponerthe sign read „No smoking”: el letrero decía „No Fumar”4) : marcarthe thermometer reads 70°: el termómetro marca 70°read vi1) : leerhe can read: sabe leer2) say: decirthe list reads as follows: la lista dice lo siguienteread nto be a good read : ser una lectura amenaadj.• leído, -a adj.pret., p.p.(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to read")v.(§ p.,p.p.: read) = leer v.
I
1. riːd(past & past p read red) transitive verb1) \<\<book/words/map/music\>\> leer*for `800', read `80' — donde dice 800 léase 80
to read somebody's mind o thoughts — adivinarle or leerle* el pensamiento a alguien
to take something as read — red dar* algo por sentado or por hecho
2)a) ( interpret) \<\<sign/mood/situation\>\> interpretarto read something INTO something: I think you're reading too much into it — creo que le estás dando demasiada importancia
b) (hear, receive) ( Telec colloq)do you read me, alpha? — ¿alfa, me recibe?
3)a) \<\<sign/notice\>\> decir*the sign read red `closed for repairs' — el letrero decía or ponía `cerrado por reformas'
b) ( indicate) \<\<thermometer/gauge\>\> marcar*c) ( note indication) \<\<thermometer/meter\>\> leer*4) (BrE Educ) estudiar ( en la universidad)
2.
vi1) \<\<person\>\> leer*to read TO somebody — leerle* a alguien
to read ABOUT something/somebody: I read red about it in the paper lo leí en el diario; to read THROUGH something — leer* algo
2)a) ( come across)b) ( have as text) decir*his letter reads as follows:... — su carta dice lo siguiente...
•Phrasal Verbs:- read off- read out- read up
II riːdnoun (no pl)it's a good read — es ameno, es de lectura amena
to give something a quick read — hojear or leer* algo por encima
III red[riːd] (pt, pp read) [ˌred]to be widely o well read — ser* muy leído, ser* de gran or amplia cultura
1. VT1) [+ book, poem, story, music, sign] leer; [+ author] leer acan you read Russian? — ¿sabes leer en ruso?
I can't read your writing — no entiendo tu letra, no puedo leer tu letra
for "boon" read "bone" — en lugar de "boon" léase "bone"
I read "good" as "mood" — al leer confundí "good" con "mood"
to read sth to sb, to read sb sth — leer algo a algn
to read sth to o.s. — leer algo para sí mismo
read my lips — (fig) fíjate bien en lo que digo
to read o.s. to sleep — leer hasta quedarse dormido
- take sth as readriotto take the minutes as read — (in meeting) dar las actas por leídas
2) (esp Brit)(Univ) (=study)to read chemistry — estudiar química, cursar estudios de química
3) (=interpret) [+ map, meter, thermometer] leer; [+ information, remarks, expression, situation] interpretar; [+ person] entenderthe same information can be read in different ways — la misma información se puede interpretar de varias formas
this is how I read the situation — así es como yo interpreto or veo la situación
•
to read sth as sth — interpretar algo como algobook 1., 1)•
to read sth into sth, you're reading too much into it — le estás dando demasiada importancia4) (Telec)do you read me? — ¿me oye?
5) (=say, indicate) [notice] decir; [thermometer, instrument] indicar, marcarit should read "friends" not "fiends" — debería decir or poner "friends", no "fiends"
the sign on the bus read "private, not in service" — el letrero del autobús decía or en el letrero del autobús ponía "privado, fuera de servicio"
6) (Comput) leer2. VI1) [person] leer•
to read about sth/sb — leer sobre or acerca de algo/algnI've read about him — he leído sobre or acerca de él
I'm reading about Napoleon — me estoy documentando sobre Napoleón, estoy leyendo acerca de Napoleón
•
to read through sth — leer algo de principio a fin•
to read to sb, he read to us from the Bible — nos leyó extractos de la Bibliato read to o.s. — leer para sí
- read between the lines2) (=give impression)it would read better if you put... — quedaría mejor si pusieras...
3) (=say, indicate) decir4) (=study) estudiar•
to read for a degree — hacer una carrera, estudiar la licenciatura3.N lectura fcan I have a read of your paper? — ¿puedo echarle un vistazo a tu periódico?
4.CPDread head N — (Comput) cabezal m lector
- read off- read on- read out- read up* * *
I
1. [riːd](past & past p read [red]) transitive verb1) \<\<book/words/map/music\>\> leer*for `800', read `80' — donde dice 800 léase 80
to read somebody's mind o thoughts — adivinarle or leerle* el pensamiento a alguien
to take something as read — [red] dar* algo por sentado or por hecho
2)a) ( interpret) \<\<sign/mood/situation\>\> interpretarto read something INTO something: I think you're reading too much into it — creo que le estás dando demasiada importancia
b) (hear, receive) ( Telec colloq)do you read me, alpha? — ¿alfa, me recibe?
3)a) \<\<sign/notice\>\> decir*the sign read [red] `closed for repairs' — el letrero decía or ponía `cerrado por reformas'
b) ( indicate) \<\<thermometer/gauge\>\> marcar*c) ( note indication) \<\<thermometer/meter\>\> leer*4) (BrE Educ) estudiar ( en la universidad)
2.
vi1) \<\<person\>\> leer*to read TO somebody — leerle* a alguien
to read ABOUT something/somebody: I read [red] about it in the paper lo leí en el diario; to read THROUGH something — leer* algo
2)a) ( come across)b) ( have as text) decir*his letter reads as follows:... — su carta dice lo siguiente...
•Phrasal Verbs:- read off- read out- read up
II [riːd]noun (no pl)it's a good read — es ameno, es de lectura amena
to give something a quick read — hojear or leer* algo por encima
III [red]to be widely o well read — ser* muy leído, ser* de gran or amplia cultura
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23 Volk, Magnus
[br]b. 19 October 1851 Brighton, Englandd. 20 May 1937 Brighton, England[br]English pioneer in the use of electric power; built the first electric railway in the British Isles to operate a regular service.[br]Volk was the son of a German immigrant clockmaker and continued the business with his mother after his father died in 1869, although when he married in 1879 his profession was described as "electrician". He installed Brighton's first telephone the same year and in 1880 he installed electric lighting in his own house, using a Siemens Brothers dynamo (see Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von) driven by a Crossley gas engine. This was probably one of the first half-dozen such installations in Britain. Magnus Volk \& Co. became noted electrical manufacturers and contractors, and, inter alia, installed electric light in Brighton Pavilion in place of gas.By 1883 Volk had moved house. He had kept the dynamo and gas engine used to light his previous house, and he also had available an electric motor from a cancelled order. After approaching the town clerk of Brighton, he was given permission for a limited period to build and operate a 2 ft (61 cm) gauge electric railway along the foreshore. Using the electrical equipment he already had, Volk built the line, a quarter of a mile (400 m) long, in eight weeks. The car was built by a local coachbuilder, with the motor under the seat; electric current at 50 volts was drawn from one running rail and returned through the other.The railway was opened on 4 August 1883. It operated regularly for several months and then, permission to run it having been renewed, it was rebuilt for the 1884 season to 2 ft 9 in. (84 cm) gauge, with improved equipment. Despite storm damage from time to time, Volk's Electric Railway, extended in length, has become an enduring feature of Brighton's sea front. In 1887 Volk made an electric dogcart, and an electric van which he built for the Sultan of Turkey was probably the first motor vehicle built in Britain for export. In 1896 he opened the Brighton \& Rottingdean Seashore Electric Tramroad, with very wide-gauge track laid between the high-and low-tide lines, and a long-legged, multi-wheel car to run upon it, through the water if necessary. This lasted only until 1901, however. Volk subsequently became an early enthusiast for aircraft.[br]Further ReadingC.Volk, 1971, Magnus Volk of Brighton, Chichester: Phillimore (his life and career as described by his son).C.E.Lee, 1979, "The birth of electric traction", Railway Magazine (May).PJGR -
24 GL
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Genetic Latch, green liquor2) Компьютерная техника: Global LInks, Graphic Library, Graphics Language, Graphics Library, Grasp Library3) Американизм: Geographic Location4) Ботаника: Green Luminescence5) Спорт: Graeco Latin6) Военный термин: Gassed Lungs, Generic List, Ginzburg Landau, Grade Level, gas laser, grenade launcher, ground level, ground location, guide list, gun layer, gun laying, gun-laying7) Техника: Berillium, Glucinum, Government liaison, generic letter, geosynchronous laser, grid leak, ground loop, gun-laying radar8) Математика: General Linear, Granularity Level9) Религия: God Like, Guiding Light10) Метеорология: Ground Light11) Юридический термин: Government And Laws, Gun Lord12) Бухгалтерия: General Ledger13) Ветеринария: Glycemic Loading14) Грубое выражение: Giant Loser15) Кино: Graphic Language16) Политика: Greenland17) Сокращение: Galician, Government Issue, Government Laboratory, Great Lakes, geomembrane liner, grade line, green light18) Текстиль: Genuine Leather19) Университет: Guest Lecturer20) Физиология: Glycemic Load21) Вычислительная техника: Generation Language22) Нефть: gas lift, gathering line, guideline, initial condensate liquids in reservoir, газлифт (gas lift), газлифтный (gas lift), сборная линия (внутрипромысловой системы сбора нефти; gathering line), уровень земли (ground level)23) Геофизика: уровень поверхности земли24) Транспорт: Gasoline Leech, Gear Lube, Gear Lubricant, Grand Line, Grand Luxe, Grand Luxury25) Пищевая промышленность: Green Lettuce26) Фирменный знак: General Lingware27) СМИ: Girls Life28) Деловая лексика: Gross Loss29) Сетевые технологии: General Libraries, Global Layer30) Программирование: Global Long31) Автоматика: grinding line32) Расширение файла: Script (GALink), Animation (GRASP - GRAphical System for Presentation format), Animation format33) Нефть и газ: газлифтовый, gas-lift, gaslift34) Имена и фамилии: Gary Lee, George Lambert, Green Lantern35) Чат: Get Lucky, Good Lookin, Good Looking, Good Lovin, Good Luck, Great Looking36) NYSE. Great Lakes Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.37) Единицы измерений: Gallon, Gauge Length38) СМС: Good Lord39) Международная торговля: General License -
25 Gl
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Genetic Latch, green liquor2) Компьютерная техника: Global LInks, Graphic Library, Graphics Language, Graphics Library, Grasp Library3) Американизм: Geographic Location4) Ботаника: Green Luminescence5) Спорт: Graeco Latin6) Военный термин: Gassed Lungs, Generic List, Ginzburg Landau, Grade Level, gas laser, grenade launcher, ground level, ground location, guide list, gun layer, gun laying, gun-laying7) Техника: Berillium, Glucinum, Government liaison, generic letter, geosynchronous laser, grid leak, ground loop, gun-laying radar8) Математика: General Linear, Granularity Level9) Религия: God Like, Guiding Light10) Метеорология: Ground Light11) Юридический термин: Government And Laws, Gun Lord12) Бухгалтерия: General Ledger13) Ветеринария: Glycemic Loading14) Грубое выражение: Giant Loser15) Кино: Graphic Language16) Политика: Greenland17) Сокращение: Galician, Government Issue, Government Laboratory, Great Lakes, geomembrane liner, grade line, green light18) Текстиль: Genuine Leather19) Университет: Guest Lecturer20) Физиология: Glycemic Load21) Вычислительная техника: Generation Language22) Нефть: gas lift, gathering line, guideline, initial condensate liquids in reservoir, газлифт (gas lift), газлифтный (gas lift), сборная линия (внутрипромысловой системы сбора нефти; gathering line), уровень земли (ground level)23) Геофизика: уровень поверхности земли24) Транспорт: Gasoline Leech, Gear Lube, Gear Lubricant, Grand Line, Grand Luxe, Grand Luxury25) Пищевая промышленность: Green Lettuce26) Фирменный знак: General Lingware27) СМИ: Girls Life28) Деловая лексика: Gross Loss29) Сетевые технологии: General Libraries, Global Layer30) Программирование: Global Long31) Автоматика: grinding line32) Расширение файла: Script (GALink), Animation (GRASP - GRAphical System for Presentation format), Animation format33) Нефть и газ: газлифтовый, gas-lift, gaslift34) Имена и фамилии: Gary Lee, George Lambert, Green Lantern35) Чат: Get Lucky, Good Lookin, Good Looking, Good Lovin, Good Luck, Great Looking36) NYSE. Great Lakes Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.37) Единицы измерений: Gallon, Gauge Length38) СМС: Good Lord39) Международная торговля: General License -
26 gl
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Genetic Latch, green liquor2) Компьютерная техника: Global LInks, Graphic Library, Graphics Language, Graphics Library, Grasp Library3) Американизм: Geographic Location4) Ботаника: Green Luminescence5) Спорт: Graeco Latin6) Военный термин: Gassed Lungs, Generic List, Ginzburg Landau, Grade Level, gas laser, grenade launcher, ground level, ground location, guide list, gun layer, gun laying, gun-laying7) Техника: Berillium, Glucinum, Government liaison, generic letter, geosynchronous laser, grid leak, ground loop, gun-laying radar8) Математика: General Linear, Granularity Level9) Религия: God Like, Guiding Light10) Метеорология: Ground Light11) Юридический термин: Government And Laws, Gun Lord12) Бухгалтерия: General Ledger13) Ветеринария: Glycemic Loading14) Грубое выражение: Giant Loser15) Кино: Graphic Language16) Политика: Greenland17) Сокращение: Galician, Government Issue, Government Laboratory, Great Lakes, geomembrane liner, grade line, green light18) Текстиль: Genuine Leather19) Университет: Guest Lecturer20) Физиология: Glycemic Load21) Вычислительная техника: Generation Language22) Нефть: gas lift, gathering line, guideline, initial condensate liquids in reservoir, газлифт (gas lift), газлифтный (gas lift), сборная линия (внутрипромысловой системы сбора нефти; gathering line), уровень земли (ground level)23) Геофизика: уровень поверхности земли24) Транспорт: Gasoline Leech, Gear Lube, Gear Lubricant, Grand Line, Grand Luxe, Grand Luxury25) Пищевая промышленность: Green Lettuce26) Фирменный знак: General Lingware27) СМИ: Girls Life28) Деловая лексика: Gross Loss29) Сетевые технологии: General Libraries, Global Layer30) Программирование: Global Long31) Автоматика: grinding line32) Расширение файла: Script (GALink), Animation (GRASP - GRAphical System for Presentation format), Animation format33) Нефть и газ: газлифтовый, gas-lift, gaslift34) Имена и фамилии: Gary Lee, George Lambert, Green Lantern35) Чат: Get Lucky, Good Lookin, Good Looking, Good Lovin, Good Luck, Great Looking36) NYSE. Great Lakes Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.37) Единицы измерений: Gallon, Gauge Length38) СМС: Good Lord39) Международная торговля: General License -
27 cero
adj.zero.f. & m.zero.m.1 naught, zero (signo).2 nothing.3 zero (temperatura).sobre/bajo cero (en tenis) above/below zerocero absoluto absolute zero* * *1 MATEMÁTICAS zero2 (cifra) nought, zero3 DEPORTE nil\partir de cero figurado to start from scratchser un cero a la izquierda figurado to be useless, be a good-for-nothing* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (Fís, Mat) zero2) (Ftbl, Rugby) nil, zero (EEUU)ganaron por tres goles a cero — they won by three goals to nil, they won three nil
empataron a cero — they drew nil-nil, it was a no-score draw
estamos 40 a cero — (Tenis) it's 40-love
3) (Educ) nought4) * (=coche-patrulla) police car* * *a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees
empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch
ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody
b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) loveganan por tres a cero — they're winning three-zero (AmE) o (BrE) three-nil
c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics
* * *= nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.Ex. Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).Ex. If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.Ex. While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.Ex. In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.Ex. Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.----* bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.* catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.* cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.* cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.* cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.* comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.* comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.* comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.* compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.* construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.* crecimiento cero = zero growth.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* desde cero = from the ground up.* disco de cera = wax disc.* empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.* empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.* introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.* lápiz de cera = crayon.* meridiano cero = prime meridian.* papel de cera = greaseproof paper.* partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.* partir de cero = begin + from scratch.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.* rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.* replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.* temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.* uno a cero = one down.* volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.* zona cero = ground zero.* * *a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees
empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch
ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody
b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) loveganan por tres a cero — they're winning three-zero (AmE) o (BrE) three-nil
c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics
* * *= nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.Ex: Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).
Ex: If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.Ex: While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.Ex: In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.Ex: Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.* bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.* catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.* cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.* cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.* cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.* comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.* comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.* comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.* compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.* construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.* crecimiento cero = zero growth.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* desde cero = from the ground up.* disco de cera = wax disc.* empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.* empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.* introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.* lápiz de cera = crayon.* meridiano cero = prime meridian.* papel de cera = greaseproof paper.* partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.* partir de cero = begin + from scratch.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.* rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.* replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.* temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.* uno a cero = one down.* volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.* zona cero = ground zero.* * *tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero, minus three degreesse inició a las cero horas de hoy it began at midnight last nighttengo la cuenta a cero I don't have a penny in my accountcero coma cinco zero point five, nought point five ( BrE)empezar/partir de cero to start from scratchvolvió a empezar de cero he started again from scratchcero al as ( RPl fam): de electricidad, cero al as when it comes to electricity I don't have a clue ( colloq)ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-nothing, they're winning three-zero o three-zip ( AmE), they're winning three-nil ( BrE)ganaba 40 a cero she was winning 40-loveme puso un cero en física he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physicsCompuestos:absolute zero(CS) new car* * *
cero sustantivo masculinoa) (Fís, Mat) zero;
( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE);
empezar or partir de cero to start from scratch;
ser un cero a la izquierda to be useless
( en tenis) love;◊ ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-zero (AmE) o (BrE) three-nil
cero sustantivo masculino
1 zero
2 Dep nil: ganaron dos a cero, they won two nil
Tenis love
♦ Locuciones: figurado partir de cero, to start from scratch
figurado ser un cero a la izquierda, to be good-for-nothing
a cero, (sin nada) tengo la cuenta corriente a cero, my current account is empty
córteme el pelo al cero, shave my head
' cero' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
baja
- bajo
- empate
- guión
- izquierda
- izquierdo
- grado
- meridiano
- pelar
- zona
English:
below
- crew cut
- freezing
- love
- minus
- nil
- nothing
- nought
- O
- reset
- scratch
- sub-zero
- temperature
- win
- zero
- degree
- ground
- naught
- over
- square
* * *♦ adj invzero♦ númzero;ver también tres♦ nm1. [número] nought, zero;la reserva está a cero the fuel gauge is at empty;cortarse el pelo al cero to shave one's head, to cut all one's hair off;sacó un cero en física he got zero in physics;acelera de cero a cien en seis segundos it goes from nought o zero to a hundred in six seconds;la inflación experimentó un crecimiento cero there was no increase in the rate of inflation;ser un cero a la izquierda [inútil] to be useless;[don nadie] to be a nobody2. [cantidad] nothing;[en fútbol, hockey, rugby] Br nil, US zero; [en tenis] love;llevan tres empates a cero consecutivos they have had three goalless o scoreless draws in a row3. [temperatura] zero;sobre/bajo cero above/below zero;hace 5 grados bajo cero it's minus 5cero absoluto absolute zeroun video cero kilómetro a brand-new video;muy Famuna mujer cero kilómetro a cherry* * *m1 zero;bajo/sobre cero below/above zero;empezar desde cero fig start from scratch;quedarse a cero fig be left with nothing;ser un cero a la izquierda fam be a nonentity;pelado al cero with one’s head shavennought3 DEP zero, Brnil; en tenis love;vencer por tres a cero win three-zero* * *cero nm: zero* * *cero n1. (en general) nought / zeroestamos a cinco grados bajo cero it's five below zero / it's minus five2. (en deporte) nil3. (teléfonos)Se escribe como un cero (0), pero se lee com la letra Omi teléfono es treinta y nueve, catorce, cero cinco my phone number is three, nine, one, four, O, five -
28 Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von
[br]b. 13 December 1816 Lenthe, near Hanover, Germanyd. 6 December 1892 Berlin, Germany[br]German pioneer of the dynamo, builder of the first electric railway.[br]Werner von Siemens was the eldest of a large family and after the early death of his parents took his place at its head. He served in the Prussian artillery, being commissioned in 1839, after which he devoted himself to the study of chemistry and physics. In 1847 Siemens and J.G. Halske formed a company, Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens und Halske, to manufacture a dial telegraph which they had developed from an earlier instrument produced by Charles Wheatstone. In 1848 Siemens obtained his discharge from the army and he and Halske constructed the first long-distance telegraph line on the European continent, between Berlin and Frankfurt am Main.Werner von Siemens's younger brother, William Siemens, had settled in Britain in 1844 and was appointed agent for the Siemens \& Halske company in 1851. Later, an English subsidiary company was formed, known from 1865 as Siemens Brothers. It specialized in manufacturing and laying submarine telegraph cables: the specialist cable-laying ship Faraday, launched for the purpose in 1874, was the prototype of later cable ships and in 1874–5 laid the first cable to run direct from the British Isles to the USA. In charge of Siemens Brothers was another brother, Carl, who had earlier established a telegraph network in Russia.In 1866 Werner von Siemens demonstrated the principle of the dynamo in Germany, but it took until 1878 to develop dynamos and electric motors to the point at which they could be produced commercially. The following year, 1879, Werner von Siemens built the first electric railway, and operated it at the Berlin Trades Exhibition. It comprised an oval line, 300 m (985 it) long, with a track gauge of 1 m (3 ft 3 1/2 in.); upon this a small locomotive hauled three small passenger coaches. The locomotive drew current at 150 volts from a third rail between the running rails, through which it was returned. In four months, more than 80,000 passengers were carried. The railway was subsequently demonstrated in Brussels, and in London, in 1881. That same year Siemens built a permanent electric tramway, 1 1/2 miles (2 1/2 km) long, on the outskirts of Berlin. In 1882 in Berlin he tried out a railless electric vehicle which drew electricity from a two-wire overhead line: this was the ancestor of the trolleybus.In the British Isles, an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1880 for the Giant's Causeway Railway in Ireland with powers to work it by "animal, mechanical or electrical power"; although Siemens Brothers were electrical engineers to the company, of which William Siemens was a director, delays in construction were to mean that the first railway in the British Isles to operate regular services by electricity was that of Magnus Volk.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary doctorate, Berlin University 1860. Ennobled by Kaiser Friedrich III 1880, after which he became known as von Siemens.Further ReadingS.von Weiher, 1972, "The Siemens brothers, pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45 (describes the Siemens's careers). C.E.Lee, 1979, The birth of electric traction', Railway Magazine (May) (describes Werner Siemens's introduction of the electric railway).Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1979) 50: 82–3 (describes Siemens's and Halske's early electric telegraph instruments).Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1961) 33: 93 (describes the railless electric vehicle).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von
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