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lee+gauge

  • 1 szélirányba mért távolság

    lee-gage, lee-gauge

    Magyar-ingilizce szótár > szélirányba mért távolság

  • 2 подветренная сторона

    1) General subject: lee, lee gage, leeward
    2) Aviation: lee ward
    3) Naval: lee-gauge, leeside
    5) Architecture: lee ( side)
    7) Chemical weapons: downwind
    9) Yachting: backwind

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > подветренная сторона

  • 3 наветренная сторона

    1) General subject: luff, windward, windwardly side
    3) Military: windward face
    6) Sakhalin energy glossary: upwave side
    7) Chemical weapons: upwind
    8) Makarov: wind ward
    9) Fire extinguishing: upwind position

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > наветренная сторона

  • 4 lijkant

    1 lee (gauge/side)

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > lijkant

  • 5 Spooner, Charles Easton

    [br]
    b. 1818 Maentwrog, Merioneth (now Gwynedd), Wales
    d. 18 November 1889 Portmadoc (now Porthmadog), Wales
    [br]
    English engineer, pioneer of narrow-gauge steam railways.
    [br]
    At the age of 16 Charles Spooner helped his father, James, to build the Festiniog Railway, a horse-and-gravity tramroad; they maintained an even gradient and kept costs down by following a sinuous course along Welsh mountainsides and using a very narrow gauge. This was probably originally 2 ft 1 in. (63.5 cm) from rail centre to rail centre; with the introduction of heavier, and therefore wider, rails the gauge between them was reduced and was eventually standardized at 1 ft 11 1/2 in (60 cm). After James Spooner's death in 1856 Charles Spooner became Manager and Engineer of the Festiniog Railway and sought to introduce steam locomotives. Widening the gauge was impracticable, but there was no precedent for operating a public railway of such narrow gauge by steam. Much of the design work for locomotives for the Festiniog Railway was the responsibility of C.M.Holland, and many possible types were considered: eventually, in 1863, two very small 0–4–0 tank locomotives, with tenders for coal, were built by George England.
    These locomotives were successful, after initial problems had been overcome, and a passenger train service was introduced in 1865 with equal success. The potential for economical operation offered by such a railway attracted widespread attention, the more so because it had been effectively illegal to build new passenger railways in Britain to other than standard gauge since the Gauge of Railways Act of 1846.
    Spooner progressively improved the track, alignment, signalling and rolling stock of the Festiniog Railway and developed it from a tramroad to a miniaturized main line. Increasing traffic led to the introduction in 1869 of the 0–4–4–0 double-Fairlie locomotive Little Wonder, built to the patent of Robert Fairlie. This proved more powerful than two 0–4–0s and impressive demonstrations were given to engineers from many parts of the world, leading to the widespread adoption of narrow-gauge railways. Spooner himself favoured a gauge of 2 ft 6 in. (76 cm) or 2 ft 9 in. (84 cm). Comparison of the economy of narrow gauges with the inconvenience of a break of gauge at junctions with wider gauges did, however, become a continuing controversy, which limited the adoption of narrow gauges in Britain.
    Bogie coaches had long been used in North America but were introduced to Britain by Spooner in 1872, when he had two such coaches built for the Festiniog Railway. Both of these and one of its original locomotives, though much rebuilt, remain in service.
    Spooner, despite some serious illnesses, remained Manager of the Festiniog Railway until his death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1869, jointly with G.A.Huddart, British patent no. 1,487 (improved fishplates). 1869, British patent no. 2,896 (rail-bending machinery).
    1871, Narrow Gauge Railways, E. \& F.N.Spon (includes his description of the Festiniog Railway, reports of locomotive trials and his proposals for narrow-gauge railways).
    Further Reading
    J.I.C.Boyd, 1975, The Festiniog Railway, Blandford: Oakwood Press; C.E.Lee, 1945, Narrow-Gauge Railways in North Wales, The Railway Publishing Co. (both give good descriptions of Spooner and the Festiniog Railway).
    C.Hamilton Ellis, 1965, Railway Carriages in the British Isles, London: George Allen \& Unwin, pp. 181–3. Pihl, Carl Abraham.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Spooner, Charles Easton

  • 6 Volk, Magnus

    [br]
    b. 19 October 1851 Brighton, England
    d. 20 May 1937 Brighton, England
    [br]
    English pioneer in the use of electric power; built the first electric railway in the British Isles to operate a regular service.
    [br]
    Volk was the son of a German immigrant clockmaker and continued the business with his mother after his father died in 1869, although when he married in 1879 his profession was described as "electrician". He installed Brighton's first telephone the same year and in 1880 he installed electric lighting in his own house, using a Siemens Brothers dynamo (see Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von) driven by a Crossley gas engine. This was probably one of the first half-dozen such installations in Britain. Magnus Volk \& Co. became noted electrical manufacturers and contractors, and, inter alia, installed electric light in Brighton Pavilion in place of gas.
    By 1883 Volk had moved house. He had kept the dynamo and gas engine used to light his previous house, and he also had available an electric motor from a cancelled order. After approaching the town clerk of Brighton, he was given permission for a limited period to build and operate a 2 ft (61 cm) gauge electric railway along the foreshore. Using the electrical equipment he already had, Volk built the line, a quarter of a mile (400 m) long, in eight weeks. The car was built by a local coachbuilder, with the motor under the seat; electric current at 50 volts was drawn from one running rail and returned through the other.
    The railway was opened on 4 August 1883. It operated regularly for several months and then, permission to run it having been renewed, it was rebuilt for the 1884 season to 2 ft 9 in. (84 cm) gauge, with improved equipment. Despite storm damage from time to time, Volk's Electric Railway, extended in length, has become an enduring feature of Brighton's sea front. In 1887 Volk made an electric dogcart, and an electric van which he built for the Sultan of Turkey was probably the first motor vehicle built in Britain for export. In 1896 he opened the Brighton \& Rottingdean Seashore Electric Tramroad, with very wide-gauge track laid between the high-and low-tide lines, and a long-legged, multi-wheel car to run upon it, through the water if necessary. This lasted only until 1901, however. Volk subsequently became an early enthusiast for aircraft.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    C.Volk, 1971, Magnus Volk of Brighton, Chichester: Phillimore (his life and career as described by his son).
    C.E.Lee, 1979, "The birth of electric traction", Railway Magazine (May).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Volk, Magnus

  • 7 cero

    adj.
    zero.
    f. & m.
    zero.
    m.
    1 naught, zero (signo).
    2 nothing.
    sobre/bajo cero (en tenis) above/below zero
    cero absoluto absolute zero
    * * *
    2 (cifra) nought, zero
    3 DEPORTE nil
    \
    partir de cero figurado to start from scratch
    ser un cero a la izquierda figurado to be useless, be a good-for-nothing
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Fís, Mat) zero
    2) (Ftbl, Rugby) nil, zero (EEUU)

    ganaron por tres goles a cero — they won by three goals to nil, they won three nil

    empataron a cero — they drew nil-nil, it was a no-score draw

    estamos 40 a cero — (Tenis) it's 40-love

    3) (Educ) nought
    4) * (=coche-patrulla) police car
    * * *
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)

    tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees

    empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch

    ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody

    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) love
    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics

    * * *
    = nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.
    Ex. Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).
    Ex. If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.
    Ex. While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.
    Ex. In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.
    Ex. Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.
    ----
    * bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.
    * cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.
    * cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.
    * cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.
    * comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.
    * compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.
    * construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.
    * crecimiento cero = zero growth.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * disco de cera = wax disc.
    * empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.
    * empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * lápiz de cera = crayon.
    * meridiano cero = prime meridian.
    * papel de cera = greaseproof paper.
    * partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.
    * partir de cero = begin + from scratch.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.
    * uno a cero = one down.
    * volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.
    * zona cero = ground zero.
    * * *
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero; ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE)

    tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero, minus three degrees

    empezar/partir de cero — to start from scratch

    ser un cero a la izquierda — to be useless; ( ser un don nadie) (Esp) to be a nobody

    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE); ( en tenis) love
    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    me puso un cero en física — he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics

    * * *
    = nought, zero [zeroes/zeros, -pl.], nil, zero + Nombre, zilch.

    Ex: Freeze drying is denoted by the special auxiliary.046 and introduced in a class mark by the facet indicator.0 (point nought).

    Ex: If the first digit of the number is zero, the material type is not encoded in the bard-coded label.
    Ex: While our vision of our readers is hazy and our interests in them nil, then criticism must be either trivial or irrelevant.
    Ex: In recent years special libraries have been faced with a number of important factors, including reduced purchase budgets, zero increases in staffing, and the opportunities offered by automation.
    Ex: Before you lend cash to Tom, Dick and Harry, be sure you know what you're doing or else your friendship will be worth zilch.
    * bajo cero = below zero, sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * catalogar partiendo de cero = catalogue + from scratch.
    * cero a la izquierda = cipher, non-entity, zilch.
    * cero tolerancia = zero tolerance.
    * cilindro de cera = wax cylinder.
    * comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.
    * compilar partiendo de cero = compile + from scratch.
    * construir partiendo de cero = construct + from scratch.
    * crecimiento cero = zero growth.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * disco de cera = wax disc.
    * empezar de cero = start at + ground zero.
    * empezar desde cero = start at + ground zero.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * lápiz de cera = crayon.
    * meridiano cero = prime meridian.
    * papel de cera = greaseproof paper.
    * partiendo de cero = from scratch, from an empty slate, from the ground up.
    * partir de cero = begin + from scratch.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * temperatura bajo cero = sub-zero temperature.
    * uno a cero = one down.
    * volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.
    * zona cero = ground zero.

    * * *
    1 ( Fís, Mat) zero; (en números de teléfono) zero ( AmE), oh ( BrE)
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero, minus three degrees
    se inició a las cero horas de hoy it began at midnight last night
    tengo la cuenta a cero I don't have a penny in my account
    cero coma cinco zero point five, nought point five ( BrE)
    empezar/partir de cero to start from scratch
    volvió a empezar de cero he started again from scratch
    cero al as ( RPl fam): de electricidad, cero al as when it comes to electricity I don't have a clue ( colloq)
    es un cero a la izquierda he's useless, he's a walking o real zero ( AmE colloq)
    2 (en fútbol, rugby) zero ( AmE), nil ( BrE); (en tenis) love
    ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-nothing, they're winning three-zero o three-zip ( AmE), they're winning three-nil ( BrE)
    ganaba 40 a cero she was winning 40-love
    3 ( Educ) zero, nought ( BrE)
    me puso un cero en física he gave me zero o nought out of ten in physics
    Compuestos:
    absolute zero
    (CS) new car
    * * *

     

    cero sustantivo masculino
    a) (Fís, Mat) zero;

    ( en números de teléfono) zero (AmE), oh (BrE);

    empezar or partir de cero to start from scratch;
    ser un cero a la izquierda to be useless
    b) (en fútbol, rugby) zero (AmE), nil (BrE);

    ( en tenis) love;
    ◊ ganan por tres a cero they're winning three-zero (AmE) o (BrE) three-nil

    c) (Educ) zero, nought (BrE)

    cero sustantivo masculino
    1 zero
    2 Dep nil: ganaron dos a cero, they won two nil
    Tenis love
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado partir de cero, to start from scratch
    figurado ser un cero a la izquierda, to be good-for-nothing
    a cero, (sin nada) tengo la cuenta corriente a cero, my current account is empty
    córteme el pelo al cero, shave my head
    ' cero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - empate
    - guión
    - izquierda
    - izquierdo
    - grado
    - meridiano
    - pelar
    - zona
    English:
    below
    - crew cut
    - freezing
    - love
    - minus
    - nil
    - nothing
    - nought
    - O
    - reset
    - scratch
    - sub-zero
    - temperature
    - win
    - zero
    - degree
    - ground
    - naught
    - over
    - square
    * * *
    ♦ adj inv
    zero
    ♦ núm
    zero;
    ver también tres
    ♦ nm
    1. [número] nought, zero;
    la reserva está a cero the fuel gauge is at empty;
    cortarse el pelo al cero to shave one's head, to cut all one's hair off;
    partir o [m5] empezar de cero to start from scratch;
    sacó un cero en física he got zero in physics;
    acelera de cero a cien en seis segundos it goes from nought o zero to a hundred in six seconds;
    la inflación experimentó un crecimiento cero there was no increase in the rate of inflation;
    ser un cero a la izquierda [inútil] to be useless;
    [don nadie] to be a nobody
    2. [cantidad] nothing;
    [en fútbol, hockey, rugby] Br nil, US zero; [en tenis] love;
    el marcador es tres (a) cero the score is three-nothing o Br three-nil o US three-zero;
    el marcador es empate a cero the score is nothing-nothing o Br nil-nil o US zero-zero;
    llevan tres empates a cero consecutivos they have had three goalless o scoreless draws in a row
    3. [temperatura] zero;
    sobre/bajo cero above/below zero;
    cero absoluto absolute zero
    4. RP Fam cero kilómetro [auto] brand-new car;
    un video cero kilómetro a brand-new video;
    muy Fam
    * * *
    m
    1 zero;
    bajo/sobre cero below/above zero;
    empezar desde cero fig start from scratch;
    quedarse a cero fig be left with nothing;
    ser un cero a la izquierda fam be a nonentity;
    pelado al cero with one’s head shaven
    2 EDU zero, Br tb
    nought
    3 DEP zero, Br
    nil; en tenis love;
    vencer por tres a cero win three-zero
    * * *
    cero nm
    : zero
    * * *
    cero n
    1. (en general) nought / zero
    estamos a cinco grados bajo cero it's five below zero / it's minus five
    Se escribe como un cero (0), pero se lee com la letra O
    mi teléfono es treinta y nueve, catorce, cero cinco my phone number is three, nine, one, four, O, five

    Spanish-English dictionary > cero

  • 8 Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von

    [br]
    b. 13 December 1816 Lenthe, near Hanover, Germany
    d. 6 December 1892 Berlin, Germany
    [br]
    German pioneer of the dynamo, builder of the first electric railway.
    [br]
    Werner von Siemens was the eldest of a large family and after the early death of his parents took his place at its head. He served in the Prussian artillery, being commissioned in 1839, after which he devoted himself to the study of chemistry and physics. In 1847 Siemens and J.G. Halske formed a company, Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens und Halske, to manufacture a dial telegraph which they had developed from an earlier instrument produced by Charles Wheatstone. In 1848 Siemens obtained his discharge from the army and he and Halske constructed the first long-distance telegraph line on the European continent, between Berlin and Frankfurt am Main.
    Werner von Siemens's younger brother, William Siemens, had settled in Britain in 1844 and was appointed agent for the Siemens \& Halske company in 1851. Later, an English subsidiary company was formed, known from 1865 as Siemens Brothers. It specialized in manufacturing and laying submarine telegraph cables: the specialist cable-laying ship Faraday, launched for the purpose in 1874, was the prototype of later cable ships and in 1874–5 laid the first cable to run direct from the British Isles to the USA. In charge of Siemens Brothers was another brother, Carl, who had earlier established a telegraph network in Russia.
    In 1866 Werner von Siemens demonstrated the principle of the dynamo in Germany, but it took until 1878 to develop dynamos and electric motors to the point at which they could be produced commercially. The following year, 1879, Werner von Siemens built the first electric railway, and operated it at the Berlin Trades Exhibition. It comprised an oval line, 300 m (985 it) long, with a track gauge of 1 m (3 ft 3 1/2 in.); upon this a small locomotive hauled three small passenger coaches. The locomotive drew current at 150 volts from a third rail between the running rails, through which it was returned. In four months, more than 80,000 passengers were carried. The railway was subsequently demonstrated in Brussels, and in London, in 1881. That same year Siemens built a permanent electric tramway, 1 1/2 miles (2 1/2 km) long, on the outskirts of Berlin. In 1882 in Berlin he tried out a railless electric vehicle which drew electricity from a two-wire overhead line: this was the ancestor of the trolleybus.
    In the British Isles, an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1880 for the Giant's Causeway Railway in Ireland with powers to work it by "animal, mechanical or electrical power"; although Siemens Brothers were electrical engineers to the company, of which William Siemens was a director, delays in construction were to mean that the first railway in the British Isles to operate regular services by electricity was that of Magnus Volk.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Honorary doctorate, Berlin University 1860. Ennobled by Kaiser Friedrich III 1880, after which he became known as von Siemens.
    Further Reading
    S.von Weiher, 1972, "The Siemens brothers, pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45 (describes the Siemens's careers). C.E.Lee, 1979, The birth of electric traction', Railway Magazine (May) (describes Werner Siemens's introduction of the electric railway).
    Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1979) 50: 82–3 (describes Siemens's and Halske's early electric telegraph instruments).
    Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1961) 33: 93 (describes the railless electric vehicle).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von

См. также в других словарях:

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  • lee gauge — noun : a position to leeward of another ship used in the phrase to have the lee gauge of; compare weather gauge * * * Naut. See under gauge (def. 17). * * * lee gage or lee gauge noun Position to leeward, opp to weather gage • • • …   Useful english dictionary

  • lee gauge — Naut. See under gauge (def. 17). * * * …   Universalium

  • Gauge — Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. [1913 …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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