judges

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּןm. (b. h.; דון) judge, generally at the same time lecturer, spiritual leader. Snh.7b. Sabb.10a; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִים, דַּיָּינִין. Snh. l. c. כלי הד׳ the judges implements (stick, strap). B. Bath.51a דַּיָּינֵי גולה the judges of the Diaspora (Karna a. Samuel; v. Snh.17b). Keth.XIII, 1, V. גְּזֵירָה; a. fr.Fem. pl. דַּיָּינוֹת. Koh. R. to II, 8 דיינים זכרים וד׳ נקבות male judges and female judges (leaders; Yalk. ib. 968 דַּיָּנִין … ודַּיָּנִין נקבות).

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּןm. (b. h.; דון) judge, generally at the same time lecturer, spiritual leader. Snh.7b. Sabb.10a; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִים, דַּיָּינִין. Snh. l. c. כלי הד׳ the judges implements (stick, strap). B. Bath.51a דַּיָּינֵי גולה the judges of the Diaspora (Karna a. Samuel; v. Snh.17b). Keth.XIII, 1, V. גְּזֵירָה; a. fr.Fem. pl. דַּיָּינוֹת. Koh. R. to II, 8 דיינים זכרים וד׳ נקבות male judges and female judges (leaders; Yalk. ib. 968 דַּיָּנִין … ודַּיָּנִין נקבות).

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּןm. (b. h.; דון) judge, generally at the same time lecturer, spiritual leader. Snh.7b. Sabb.10a; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִים, דַּיָּינִין. Snh. l. c. כלי הד׳ the judges implements (stick, strap). B. Bath.51a דַּיָּינֵי גולה the judges of the Diaspora (Karna a. Samuel; v. Snh.17b). Keth.XIII, 1, V. גְּזֵירָה; a. fr.Fem. pl. דַּיָּינוֹת. Koh. R. to II, 8 דיינים זכרים וד׳ נקבות male judges and female judges (leaders; Yalk. ib. 968 דַּיָּנִין … ודַּיָּנִין נקבות).

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּןm. (b. h.; דון) judge, generally at the same time lecturer, spiritual leader. Snh.7b. Sabb.10a; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִים, דַּיָּינִין. Snh. l. c. כלי הד׳ the judges implements (stick, strap). B. Bath.51a דַּיָּינֵי גולה the judges of the Diaspora (Karna a. Samuel; v. Snh.17b). Keth.XIII, 1, V. גְּזֵירָה; a. fr.Fem. pl. דַּיָּינוֹת. Koh. R. to II, 8 דיינים זכרים וד׳ נקבות male judges and female judges (leaders; Yalk. ib. 968 דַּיָּנִין … ודַּיָּנִין נקבות).

פְּשָׁרָהf. (פָּשַׁר) ( division, cmp. בָּצַע, compromise, settlement (cmp. Samar. פשרונה for משפט, Ex. 21:1, a. fr.. Keth.X, 6 עד שיעשו פ׳ ביניהם until they agree to a division among them. Tosef.Snh.I, 2 כשם שהדין … כך הפ׳ בשלשה as three judges are required for legal judgment, so are three required for arbitration; Bab. ib. 5b ופ׳ בשנים a compromise is valid if made before two judges. Ib. שנים שעשו פ׳וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract (v. פָּשַׁר). Y. ib. I, 18b, v. הַכְרָעָה. Ber.10a; a. fr.Sifré Num. 95 פ׳ היא זווכ׳ this is to be a compromise (between God and ourselves), he cannot give us what we demand.

פְּשָׁרָהf. (פָּשַׁר) ( division, cmp. בָּצַע, compromise, settlement (cmp. Samar. פשרונה for משפט, Ex. 21:1, a. fr.. Keth.X, 6 עד שיעשו פ׳ ביניהם until they agree to a division among them. Tosef.Snh.I, 2 כשם שהדין … כך הפ׳ בשלשה as three judges are required for legal judgment, so are three required for arbitration; Bab. ib. 5b ופ׳ בשנים a compromise is valid if made before two judges. Ib. שנים שעשו פ׳וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract (v. פָּשַׁר). Y. ib. I, 18b, v. הַכְרָעָה. Ber.10a; a. fr.Sifré Num. 95 פ׳ היא זווכ׳ this is to be a compromise (between God and ourselves), he cannot give us what we demand.

רָשַׁע(b. h.; cmp. רָשָׁה) ( to be powerful, to do violence, be wicked. Yalk. Koh. 976 (ref. to Koh. 7:17) אלא אם רָשַׁעְתָּ אל תִּרְשַׁע הרבה (omitted in Sabb.31b) but it means, if thou hast once done wrong, do not therefore do more wrong. Hif. הִרְשִׁיעַ 1) to declare in the wrong, to condemn. Snh.10a אלא מעתה והצדיקו שנים והִרְשִׁיעוּ שניםוכ׳ if this be so (that you can derive from ושפטום, Deut. 25:1, that there must be two judges and one in addition to make a majority vote possible) then ‘and they shall justify (ib.) indicates two, ‘and they shall condemn (ib.) means two, hence you would require seven judges for a court! 2) to charge with wrong-doing, accuse. Ib. עדים שהרשיעו את הצדיקוכ׳ if (false) witnesses accused an innocent person, and other witnesses came and justified him. B. Kam.64b (ref. to Ex. 22:8) ולא המַרְשִׁיעַ עצמו “he whom the judges shall condemn shall pay double”, but not he who accuses himself. Ib. (ref. to Ex. ib. 3) פרט למרשיעוכ׳ to the exemption of him who ; a. fr. 3) to do wrong. Tanḥ. Dbarim 3; Yalk. Deut. 805 (play on רשעתים, Jud. 3:8) הם הרשיעו עלינו שתי רשעיות they (the Aramæans) did us two wrongs.

רָשַׁע(b. h.; cmp. רָשָׁה) ( to be powerful, to do violence, be wicked. Yalk. Koh. 976 (ref. to Koh. 7:17) אלא אם רָשַׁעְתָּ אל תִּרְשַׁע הרבה (omitted in Sabb.31b) but it means, if thou hast once done wrong, do not therefore do more wrong. Hif. הִרְשִׁיעַ 1) to declare in the wrong, to condemn. Snh.10a אלא מעתה והצדיקו שנים והִרְשִׁיעוּ שניםוכ׳ if this be so (that you can derive from ושפטום, Deut. 25:1, that there must be two judges and one in addition to make a majority vote possible) then ‘and they shall justify (ib.) indicates two, ‘and they shall condemn (ib.) means two, hence you would require seven judges for a court! 2) to charge with wrong-doing, accuse. Ib. עדים שהרשיעו את הצדיקוכ׳ if (false) witnesses accused an innocent person, and other witnesses came and justified him. B. Kam.64b (ref. to Ex. 22:8) ולא המַרְשִׁיעַ עצמו “he whom the judges shall condemn shall pay double”, but not he who accuses himself. Ib. (ref. to Ex. ib. 3) פרט למרשיעוכ׳ to the exemption of him who ; a. fr. 3) to do wrong. Tanḥ. Dbarim 3; Yalk. Deut. 805 (play on רשעתים, Jud. 3:8) הם הרשיעו עלינו שתי רשעיות they (the Aramæans) did us two wrongs.

שוֹפֵטm. (b. h.; שָׁפַט) judge, ruler. R. Hash. 25b (ref. to Deut. 17:9) הא אין לך לילך אלא אצל ש׳ שבימיו this teaches that you have to go to him who is the authority in his days (independently of what your opinion about him may be); Yalk. Deut. 911; Yalk. Sam. 114. Ḥag.14a (ref. to Is. 3:2) ש׳ זה דייןוכ׳ by shofeṭ is meant the judge that decides a true case according to truth; a. fr.Pl. שוֹפְטִים. Sifré Deut. 144 (ref. to Deut. 16:18) אם יש שוטרים יש ש׳וכ׳ where there are officers (to execute the law), there are judges; where there are no executors, there are no judges. Tanḥ. Shofṭim 2, v. שוֹטֵר. Y.Snh.1, 19a bot. (ref. to Deut. 21:2) זקניך שהן שוֹפְטֶיךָ thy elders that are thy judges. Ruth R. to I, 1 שוֹפְטֵיהֶם; B. Bath.15b שוֹפְטָיו, v. שָׁפַט; a. fr.

שוֹפֵטm. (b. h.; שָׁפַט) judge, ruler. R. Hash. 25b (ref. to Deut. 17:9) הא אין לך לילך אלא אצל ש׳ שבימיו this teaches that you have to go to him who is the authority in his days (independently of what your opinion about him may be); Yalk. Deut. 911; Yalk. Sam. 114. Ḥag.14a (ref. to Is. 3:2) ש׳ זה דייןוכ׳ by shofeṭ is meant the judge that decides a true case according to truth; a. fr.Pl. שוֹפְטִים. Sifré Deut. 144 (ref. to Deut. 16:18) אם יש שוטרים יש ש׳וכ׳ where there are officers (to execute the law), there are judges; where there are no executors, there are no judges. Tanḥ. Shofṭim 2, v. שוֹטֵר. Y.Snh.1, 19a bot. (ref. to Deut. 21:2) זקניך שהן שוֹפְטֶיךָ thy elders that are thy judges. Ruth R. to I, 1 שוֹפְטֵיהֶם; B. Bath.15b שוֹפְטָיו, v. שָׁפַט; a. fr.

שָׁפַט(b. h.; v. פטט, s. v. פַּטָּטָא) ( to divide; cmp. גזר, to decree, decide, judge. Ruth R. to I, 1 אוי לדור ששָׁפְטוּ … צריכין להִשָּׁפט woe to the generation that judge (criticise) their judges, and woe to the generation whose judges need to be judged; B. Bath.15b (ref. to Ruth l. c.) דור ששוֹפֵטוכ׳ it was a generation that judged its judges, v. קִיסָּם. Sot.10a זכור לי … ששָׁפַטְתִּיוכ׳ remember unto me the twenty (-two) years that I judged Israel, and never did I say to them, carry a stick for me from one place to another; a. fr.V. שוֹפֵט. Nif. נִשְׁפַּט to be judged, criticised. Ruth R. l. c., v. supra.

שָׁפַט(b. h.; v. פטט, s. v. פַּטָּטָא) ( to divide; cmp. גזר, to decree, decide, judge. Ruth R. to I, 1 אוי לדור ששָׁפְטוּ … צריכין להִשָּׁפט woe to the generation that judge (criticise) their judges, and woe to the generation whose judges need to be judged; B. Bath.15b (ref. to Ruth l. c.) דור ששוֹפֵטוכ׳ it was a generation that judged its judges, v. קִיסָּם. Sot.10a זכור לי … ששָׁפַטְתִּיוכ׳ remember unto me the twenty (-two) years that I judged Israel, and never did I say to them, carry a stick for me from one place to another; a. fr.V. שוֹפֵט. Nif. נִשְׁפַּט to be judged, criticised. Ruth R. l. c., v. supra.

בַּיִתm. (b. h.; cmp. preced.; v. Ges. H. Diet s. v. as to various etymological attempts), constr. בֵּית, pl. בָּחִּים. 1) house, household, home. Yoma 11b ב׳ מיוחד לדירה bayith means a building intended for a dwelling. Ib. מי שמייחד ביתו לו (Var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he who devotes his house (its contents) to himself exclusively (unaccommodating); Arakh.16a מי שמיוחדוכ׳.בעל הב׳ (abbrev. בע״ה) owner, landlord; host; private man, opp. to trader, artisan Ber.46a בע״ה בוצעוכ׳ the host breaks the bread, and the guest says the blessing. Tosef. ib. IV, 14 שלבע״ה home-made (bread), opp. גלוסקין; Y. ib. VI, 10b bot.Sabb.I, 1 בע״ה the donor, opp. עני the recipient. Gen. R. s. 22; a. v. fr.בן ב׳ inmate, attendant. Ab. I, 5; a. fr.פסול הב׳ the degraded (slave) of the house. Gen. R. s. 70. 2) Esp. (הַ)בַּ׳ the Temple. בפני הב׳ in days when the Temple exists, שלא בפני הב׳ when it does not exist. Ḥull.V, 1; a. fr.ב׳ שני or ב׳ אחרון the Second Temple. Cant. R. to VIII, 9; a. fr.הר הב׳ Temple Mount, v. הַר. 3) school, college, (collect.) disciples; בֵּית הלל Hillelites Bets.I, 1; a. fr. Treat. Sofrim IV, 1 של ב׳וכ׳ those of the house of Y.Shebi.II, 33d bot., a. e. דבית …ר׳, usu. דבי, v. בֵּי). 4) body. Ber.44b אוי לו לב׳וכ׳ that human body (Rashi: stomach) is to be pitied where vegetables are a constant guest (being the only food). 5) wife. Yoma I, 1 ביתו זווכ׳ ‘his housethat means his wife. Ib. 13a והך לאו ביתו היא but this one (designated for him in case of his wifes death) cannot be called ‘his house. Sabb.118b; a. fr. 6) Euphem. pudenda; marital intercourse. Y.Sabb.IX, 12a top; Mikv. VIII, 4 שמשה את בֵּיתָהּ she had intercourse. Ib. כבדה את הב׳ she washed Y.Sot.I, 16c bot. אסורה לביתה is forbidden to her husband. Nidd.5a מהומת לביתה she hastens to perform her marital duty. Y. ib. I, beg.48d. Cmp. חֶדֶר.7) store-house, store-room. בֵּית העצים wood-room; ב׳ התבן straw-magazine; ב׳ הבקר stable; Yoma 11a; a. fr.8) (geogr.) place, town, in compounds (for which see the respective determinants), e. g. ב׳ בוקיא Beth-Bukya 9) (anat.) limb, organ, in compounds (v. supra 8)), e. g. ב׳ הבליעה œsophagus, 10) shed for plants, covering. Shebi. II, 4 (pl.). Y. ib. 33d.Y.Sabb.VII, 10a.1 1) in compounds, denoting receptacle, cover, e. g. ב׳ הדיו inkstand. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.IV, 11; ב׳ יד sleeve, v. אוּנְקְלַי II, Men.34b, a. e. cases of the Tfillin. Chief compounds: בֵּית אָב, pl. בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת 1) paternal home, family. Snh.38a שני ב׳ א׳ two families (dynasties); a. fr.Tosef.Ter.II, 11 בתי אבות = אריסי ב׳ א׳ hereditary land-tenants; B. Bath.46b. 2) priests division. Taan.II, 6; a. fr.; v. אֱנֹוש pl. 3) origin of a law, rule ; cmp. אָב II. Cant. R. to II, 4 ב׳ א׳ של הלכה the origin (principle) of a legal rule. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:29 wherever the root רעש is used, it means cessation of government, ואיזהו ב׳ א׳ שלהםוכ׳ and where is the origin (determining the meaning) of all of them? (Answ. Jer. 51:29). Lev. R. s. 1, beg. מב׳ א׳ שלהןוכ׳ from the chief passage (Hagg. I, 13 ‘Haggai, the messenger) we learn that prophets are called messengers (or angels).בֵּית דִּין (abbr. ב״ד) court.ב״ד של שבעים ואחד or ב״ד הגדול the Great Sanedrin of seventy one members. Snh.I, 5. Y. ib. 19a bot.; a. fr.ב״ד נוטה court of an odd number of judges. ב״ד שקול of an even number of judges. Snh.3b.ב״ד שריא a permitting court, opprobrious name of a court too lax in religious affairs. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d top; Y.Nidd.III, 50d bot.(For all other compounds not self-evident, v. respective determinants. בית תר, v. בִּיתֵּר.Gen. R. s. 12 בית שאו, בית של עולם, v. בִּיָּא.

בַּיִתm. (b. h.; cmp. preced.; v. Ges. H. Diet s. v. as to various etymological attempts), constr. בֵּית, pl. בָּחִּים. 1) house, household, home. Yoma 11b ב׳ מיוחד לדירה bayith means a building intended for a dwelling. Ib. מי שמייחד ביתו לו (Var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he who devotes his house (its contents) to himself exclusively (unaccommodating); Arakh.16a מי שמיוחדוכ׳.בעל הב׳ (abbrev. בע״ה) owner, landlord; host; private man, opp. to trader, artisan Ber.46a בע״ה בוצעוכ׳ the host breaks the bread, and the guest says the blessing. Tosef. ib. IV, 14 שלבע״ה home-made (bread), opp. גלוסקין; Y. ib. VI, 10b bot.Sabb.I, 1 בע״ה the donor, opp. עני the recipient. Gen. R. s. 22; a. v. fr.בן ב׳ inmate, attendant. Ab. I, 5; a. fr.פסול הב׳ the degraded (slave) of the house. Gen. R. s. 70. 2) Esp. (הַ)בַּ׳ the Temple. בפני הב׳ in days when the Temple exists, שלא בפני הב׳ when it does not exist. Ḥull.V, 1; a. fr.ב׳ שני or ב׳ אחרון the Second Temple. Cant. R. to VIII, 9; a. fr.הר הב׳ Temple Mount, v. הַר. 3) school, college, (collect.) disciples; בֵּית הלל Hillelites Bets.I, 1; a. fr. Treat. Sofrim IV, 1 של ב׳וכ׳ those of the house of Y.Shebi.II, 33d bot., a. e. דבית …ר׳, usu. דבי, v. בֵּי). 4) body. Ber.44b אוי לו לב׳וכ׳ that human body (Rashi: stomach) is to be pitied where vegetables are a constant guest (being the only food). 5) wife. Yoma I, 1 ביתו זווכ׳ ‘his housethat means his wife. Ib. 13a והך לאו ביתו היא but this one (designated for him in case of his wifes death) cannot be called ‘his house. Sabb.118b; a. fr. 6) Euphem. pudenda; marital intercourse. Y.Sabb.IX, 12a top; Mikv. VIII, 4 שמשה את בֵּיתָהּ she had intercourse. Ib. כבדה את הב׳ she washed Y.Sot.I, 16c bot. אסורה לביתה is forbidden to her husband. Nidd.5a מהומת לביתה she hastens to perform her marital duty. Y. ib. I, beg.48d. Cmp. חֶדֶר.7) store-house, store-room. בֵּית העצים wood-room; ב׳ התבן straw-magazine; ב׳ הבקר stable; Yoma 11a; a. fr.8) (geogr.) place, town, in compounds (for which see the respective determinants), e. g. ב׳ בוקיא Beth-Bukya 9) (anat.) limb, organ, in compounds (v. supra 8)), e. g. ב׳ הבליעה œsophagus, 10) shed for plants, covering. Shebi. II, 4 (pl.). Y. ib. 33d.Y.Sabb.VII, 10a.1 1) in compounds, denoting receptacle, cover, e. g. ב׳ הדיו inkstand. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.IV, 11; ב׳ יד sleeve, v. אוּנְקְלַי II, Men.34b, a. e. cases of the Tfillin. Chief compounds: בֵּית אָב, pl. בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת 1) paternal home, family. Snh.38a שני ב׳ א׳ two families (dynasties); a. fr.Tosef.Ter.II, 11 בתי אבות = אריסי ב׳ א׳ hereditary land-tenants; B. Bath.46b. 2) priests division. Taan.II, 6; a. fr.; v. אֱנֹוש pl. 3) origin of a law, rule ; cmp. אָב II. Cant. R. to II, 4 ב׳ א׳ של הלכה the origin (principle) of a legal rule. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:29 wherever the root רעש is used, it means cessation of government, ואיזהו ב׳ א׳ שלהםוכ׳ and where is the origin (determining the meaning) of all of them? (Answ. Jer. 51:29). Lev. R. s. 1, beg. מב׳ א׳ שלהןוכ׳ from the chief passage (Hagg. I, 13 ‘Haggai, the messenger) we learn that prophets are called messengers (or angels).בֵּית דִּין (abbr. ב״ד) court.ב״ד של שבעים ואחד or ב״ד הגדול the Great Sanedrin of seventy one members. Snh.I, 5. Y. ib. 19a bot.; a. fr.ב״ד נוטה court of an odd number of judges. ב״ד שקול of an even number of judges. Snh.3b.ב״ד שריא a permitting court, opprobrious name of a court too lax in religious affairs. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d top; Y.Nidd.III, 50d bot.(For all other compounds not self-evident, v. respective determinants. בית תר, v. בִּיתֵּר.Gen. R. s. 12 בית שאו, בית של עולם, v. בִּיָּא.

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּינָא, דַּיָּ׳,m. ch. sam(דיין, דין Fem.). Tar. Ps. 7:12; a. fr.Keth.94b אנא ד׳וכ׳ I am an authorized judge, Snh.7b אוקמו ד׳ דלאוכ׳ appointed a judge (lecturer) who had not studied; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִין, דַּיָּינַיָּא, דַּיָּ׳. Targ. Deut. 16:18; a. fr.B. Bath.29a ד׳ דשפלי דָיְינַי הכי Ms. M. (ed. ד׳ דשיפלי הכ׳ דָאִינֵי) ignorant judges will so decide; ib. 133b ד׳ דחצצתאוכ׳ compromising judges (who know not the law) ; a. fr.

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּינָא, דַּיָּ׳,m. ch. sam(דיין, דין Fem.). Tar. Ps. 7:12; a. fr.Keth.94b אנא ד׳וכ׳ I am an authorized judge, Snh.7b אוקמו ד׳ דלאוכ׳ appointed a judge (lecturer) who had not studied; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִין, דַּיָּינַיָּא, דַּיָּ׳. Targ. Deut. 16:18; a. fr.B. Bath.29a ד׳ דשפלי דָיְינַי הכי Ms. M. (ed. ד׳ דשיפלי הכ׳ דָאִינֵי) ignorant judges will so decide; ib. 133b ד׳ דחצצתאוכ׳ compromising judges (who know not the law) ; a. fr.

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּינָא, דַּיָּ׳,m. ch. sam(דיין, דין Fem.). Tar. Ps. 7:12; a. fr.Keth.94b אנא ד׳וכ׳ I am an authorized judge, Snh.7b אוקמו ד׳ דלאוכ׳ appointed a judge (lecturer) who had not studied; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִין, דַּיָּינַיָּא, דַּיָּ׳. Targ. Deut. 16:18; a. fr.B. Bath.29a ד׳ דשפלי דָיְינַי הכי Ms. M. (ed. ד׳ דשיפלי הכ׳ דָאִינֵי) ignorant judges will so decide; ib. 133b ד׳ דחצצתאוכ׳ compromising judges (who know not the law) ; a. fr.

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּינָא, דַּיָּ׳,m. ch. sam(דיין, דין Fem.). Tar. Ps. 7:12; a. fr.Keth.94b אנא ד׳וכ׳ I am an authorized judge, Snh.7b אוקמו ד׳ דלאוכ׳ appointed a judge (lecturer) who had not studied; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִין, דַּיָּינַיָּא, דַּיָּ׳. Targ. Deut. 16:18; a. fr.B. Bath.29a ד׳ דשפלי דָיְינַי הכי Ms. M. (ed. ד׳ דשיפלי הכ׳ דָאִינֵי) ignorant judges will so decide; ib. 133b ד׳ דחצצתאוכ׳ compromising judges (who know not the law) ; a. fr.

דַּיָּין, דַּיָּינָא, דַּיָּ׳,m. ch. sam(דיין, דין Fem.). Tar. Ps. 7:12; a. fr.Keth.94b אנא ד׳וכ׳ I am an authorized judge, Snh.7b אוקמו ד׳ דלאוכ׳ appointed a judge (lecturer) who had not studied; a. fr.Pl. דַּיָּינִין, דַּיָּינַיָּא, דַּיָּ׳. Targ. Deut. 16:18; a. fr.B. Bath.29a ד׳ דשפלי דָיְינַי הכי Ms. M. (ed. ד׳ דשיפלי הכ׳ דָאִינֵי) ignorant judges will so decide; ib. 133b ד׳ דחצצתאוכ׳ compromising judges (who know not the law) ; a. fr.

כָּפַף(b. h.) 1) to bend, curve. Gen. R. s. 87, end כּוֹפֶפֶת אני את קומתך … כְּפוּפִים (Potiphars wife said to Joseph) I shall bend thy proud stature (humiliate thee with slave labor); said he, The Lord erects those who are bowed down. B. Kam.55b הכּוֹפֵף … בפניוכ׳ he who bends his neighbors grain stalks before the fire (so as to make them catch fire). Num. R. s. 6, beg. נביא כופף ידיווכ׳ the prophet must bend his hands and feet to sit before (surrender his power to) the high priest; (Y.Hor.III, 48b bot. מְכַפֵּת). Cant. R. beg. לָכוֹף אזניךוכ׳ to bend thy ear and listen; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּפוּף, f. כְּפוּפָה, pl. כְּפוּפִים, כְּפוּפִין; כְּפוּפוֹת. Sabb.17a היה הלל כ׳ ויושבוכ׳ Hillel sat bent (in submission) before Shammai. Gen. R. l. c., v. supra. R. Hash. III, 4 בשל זכרים כ׳ with bent horns of rams. Yalk. Ex. 276 דוויםוכ׳ suffering and humbled (v. סָגַף, סָחַף); a. fr.Esp. the curved letters צ, פ, נ, כ, opp. פשוט the straight-lined, the shape of the final letters. Sabb.104a (symbolization of letters) נו״ן כ׳ … נ̇אמן כ׳וכ׳ Nun bent, Nun straightened, faithful when bent (in distress), faithful when straightened (raised up) Ib. 103b כ׳ פשוטיןוכ׳ that one must not write the curved letters straightened 2) to bend, force, conquer. Y.Snh.I, 18a bot. מומחה שכ׳ ודן an authorized judge that forced (the law requiring three judges) and judged singly. Y.Yeb.XII, 12c ר׳ יצחק כ׳ R. J. forced (the law requiring three judges for ḥălitsah); ib. הא רבן כ׳ it was our teacher who did it. Keth.4b אין … לָכוֹףוכ׳ no husband dares force his wife (in mourning) to paint Num. R. s. 14 (play on כף) זה אברהם שכַּף את יצרווכ׳ (some ed. שכפף) that refers to Abraham who conquered his inclinations 3) to invert, upset. Y.Ber.III, 6a top גרמתני לכוֹפְפָהּ thou didst cause me to upset it (the divine image), v. כָּפָה; (M. Kat. 15b ובעונותיכם הפכתיה). Y. l. c. מטות כְּפוּפוֹת = כְּפוּיוֹת, v. כָּפָה; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 10 כפפתו אימו, read כפתתו, v. כָּפַת.Sabb.106a הסיט כפוף Ar., ed. כָּפוּל, v. סיט. 4) to bend ones self upon, to take pains (cmp. כְּפַל). Cant. R. to I, 17 כפפתי לעקורוכ׳ I took pains to destroy the passion for idolatry. Nif. נִכְפַּף to be bent. Pesik. R. s. 28 (read:) עד שנִכְפְּפָה קומתםוכ׳ so that their statures were bent under their load. Arakh.19a שרביט שאינו נכפף a staff (of gold or silver) which cannot be bent. Num. R. s. 5, end נִכְפְּפָה היריעהוכ׳ the curtain around the Ark was bent aside (prob. to be read נכפלה). B. Kam.61a בנִכְפֶּפֶת when the fire is diverted from its course through the wind; (oth. opin.: when the fire is subdued (low) and creeping over the plants on the ground), opp. קולחת or קודחת. Cant. R. to I, 17. Pesik. R. s. 14 שתי השערות נִכְפָּפוֹת (not … פים) the two hairs (on the neck) are bent, opp. נזקפות; a. e.