is+the+spirit

μάχαιρα, ης, ἡ (Hom.+. The Ptolemaic pap as a rule decline it [Mayser p. 12] μαχαίρας,-χαίρᾳ; likew. LXX [Thackeray p. 141f; Helbing p. 31ff]; ISm 4:2b; also mss. and some edd. of the NT. The pap fr. Roman times prefer-ρης, -ρῃ [isolated exx. fr. earlier times, e.g. PTebt 16, 14: 114 B.C.; 112, 45: 112 B.C.]; sim. 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; likew. the NT)

① a relatively short sword or other sharp instrument, sword, dagger Mt 26:47, 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:36, 38 (ASchlatter, Die beiden Schwerter: BFCT 20, 6, 1916; TNapier, ET 49, ’38, 467–70; IZolli, Studi e Mat. di Storia delle Rel. 13, ’38, 227–43; RHeiligenthal, NTS 41, ’95, 39–58. Field, Notes 76f suggests ‘knives’ here), 52; Rv 6:4; 13:10. ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀποθανεῖν be killed with the sword Hb 11:37 (Ex 17:13; Dt 13:16). ἀποσπᾶν τὴν μ. draw the sword Mt 26:51. Also σπάσασθαι τὴν μ. (1 Ch 21:5; 1 Esdr 3:22; Jos., Vi. 303) Mk 14:47; Ac 16:27. λαμβάνειν μάχαιραν take, grasp the sword (Jos., Vi. 173) Mt 26:52b (HKosmala, NovT 4, ’60, 3–5: Targum Is 50:11 as parallel); ἑλκύειν μ. J 18:10; πατάσσειν ἐν μ. strike w. the sword Lk 22:49. βάλλειν τὴν μ. εἰς τὴν θήκην put the sword into its sheath J 18:11; cp. Mt 26:52a. Of execution by the sword ISm 4:2ab. ἀναιρεῖν μαχαίρῃ have someone put to death w. the sword Ac 12:2; ἔχειν πληγὴν τῆς μ. have a sword-wound Rv 13:14. στόμα μαχαίρης the edge of the sword (cp. Gen 34:26; 2 Km 15:14; TestJud 5:5; Theod. Prodr. 1, 19 Hercher; 2, 264; 6, 101) Lk 21:24; Hb 11:34 (OHofius, ZNW 62, ’71, 129f); the corresponding figure μ. κατέδεται (cp. 2 Km 11:25; Theod. Prodr. 6, 122 H. ἔτρωγεν … τὸ ξίφος κρέα, ἔπινεν ἡ μ. πηγὰς αἱμάτων) 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:20). (S. also πίπτω 1bαא.) μ. δίστομος a double-edged sword (Judg 3:16; Pr 5:4) Hb 4:12 (for the interpretation ‘scalpel’ or ‘bistoury’ s. CSpicq, RB 58, ’51, 482–84 [difft. idem, Lexique s.v. δίστομο], but the chief objections to such renderings are the absence of references in ancient medical writers to a double-edged surgical instrument and their preference for the diminutive μαχαίριον in connection w. such instruments).

② in various images μ. sword stands for

ⓐ violent death Ro 8:35

ⓑ for war (Gen 31:26; SibOr 8, 120.—Opp. εἰρήνη.) Mt 10:34 (Harnack, ZTK 22, 1912, 4–6).

ⓒ the powerful function of the divine word ἡ μ. τοῦ πνεύματοςthe sword of the Spirit, explained as the Word of God Eph 6:17 (cp. Hb 4:12 in 1 above).

ⓓ the power of authorities to punish evildoers τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖν carry the sword Ro 13:4 (cp. Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 25, 3 δικαστοῦ ξίφος ἔχοντος; Ulpian in Digest of Justinian 2, 1, 3).—B. 559; 1392. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

πειράζω impf. ἐπείραζον; fut. πειράσω; 1 aor. ἐπείρασα, mid. 2 sg. ἐπειράσω. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐπειράσθην; pf. ptc. πεπειρασνένος (fr. πεῖρα; Hom., then Apollon. Rhod. 1, 495; 3, 10. In prose since Philo Mech. 50, 34; 51, 9; also Polyb.; Plut., Cleom. 808 [7, 3], Mor. 230a; Vett. Val. 17, 6; schol. on Aristoph., Pl. 575; PSI 927, 25 [II A.D.]; LXX; TestJos 16:3 v.l.; ApcSed 8:5 p. 133, 5 Ja.; Joseph.; Just., D. 103, 6; 125, 4.—B-D-F §101 p. 54; Mlt-H. 387 n. 1; 404).

① to make an effort to do someth., try, attempt at times in a context indicating futility (ὁ θεὸς τῷ πειράζοντι δοὺς ἐξουσίαν τὴν τοῦ διωκειν ἡμᾶς Orig., C. Cels. 8, 70, 11) w. inf. foll. (Polyb. 2, 6, 9; Dt 4:34.—B-D-F §392, 1a) Ac 9:26; 16:7; 24:6; Hs 8, 2, 7. Foll. by acc. w. inf. IMg 7:1. Abs. Hs 8, 2, 7.

② to endeavor to discover the nature or character of someth. by testing, try, make trial of, put to the test

ⓐ gener. τινά someone (Epict. 1, 9, 29; Ps 25:2) ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε εἰ ἐστὲ ἐν τῇ πίστει 2 Cor 13:5 (π. εἰ as Jos., Bell. 4, 340). ἐπείρασας τοὺς λέγοντας ἑαυτοὺς ἀποστόλους Rv 2:2. προφήτην οὐ πειράσετε οὐδὲ διακρινεῖτε D 11:7.

ⓑ of God or Christ, who put people to the test, in a favorable sense (Ps.-Apollod. 3, 7; 7, 4 Zeus puts τὴν ἀσέβειαν of certain people to the test), so that they may prove themselves true J 6:6; Hb 11:17 (Abraham, as Gen 22:1). Also of painful trials sent by God (Ex 20:20; Dt 8:2 v.l.; Judg 2:22; Wsd 3:5; 11:9; Jdth 8:25f) 1 Cor 10:13; Hb 2:18ab; 4:15 (s. πειράω); 11:37 v.l.; Rv 3:10 (SBrown, JBL 85, ’66, 308–14 π.= afflict). Likew. of the measures taken by the angel of repentance Hs 7:1.

ⓒ The Bible (but s. the Pythia in Hdt. 6, 86, 3 τὸ πειρηθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ κ. τὸ ποιῆσαι ἴσον δύνασθαι ‘to have tempted the deity was as bad as doing the deed’; cp. 1, 159) also speaks of a trial of God by humans. Their intent is to put God to the test, to discover whether God really can do a certain thing, esp. whether God notices sin and is able to punish it (Ex 17:2, 7; Num 14:22; Is 7:12; Ps 77:41, 56; Wsd 1:2 al.) 1 Cor 10:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9). τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου Ac 5:9. In Ac 15:10 the πειράζειν τὸν θεόν consists in the fact that after God’s will has been clearly made known through granting of the Spirit to the Gentiles (vs. 8), some doubt and make trial to see whether God’s will really becomes operative. τὸν διά σου θεὸν πειράσαι θέλων, εἰ since I want to put the god (you proclaim) to a test, whether AcPt Ox 849, 20–22 followed by οὐ πειράζεται ὁ θεός God refuses to be put to a test.—ASommer, D. Begriff d. Versuchung im AT u. Judentum, diss. Breslau ’35. S. πειράω.

③ to attempt to entrap through a process of inquiry, test. Jesus was so treated by his opponents, who planned to use their findings against him Mt 16:1; 19:3; 22:18, 35; Mk 8:11; 10:2; 12:15; Lk 11:16; 20:23 v.l.; J 8:6.

④ to entice to improper behavior, tempt Gal 6:1; Js 1:13a (s. ἀπό 5eβ) and b, 14 (Aeschin. 1, 190 the gods do not lead people to sin). Above all the devil works in this way; hence he is directly called ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5b. He tempts humans Ac 5:3 v.l.; 1 Cor 7:5; 1 Th 3:5a; Rv 2:10. But he also makes bold to tempt Jesus (Just.. D. 103, 6; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 43, 28) Mt 4:1; Mk 1:13; Lk 4:2 (cp. use of the pass. without ref. to the devil: ἐν τῷ πειράζεσθαι … καὶ σταυροῦσθαι Iren. 3, 19, 3 [Harv. II 104, 3].—Did., Gen. 225, 2). On the temptation of Jesus (s. also Hb 2:18a; 4:15; 2b above) s. HWillrich, ZNW 4, 1903, 349f; KBornhäuser, Die Versuchungen Jesu nach d. Hb: MKähler Festschr. 1905, 69–86; on this Windisch, Hb² ’31, 38 exc. on Hb 4:15; AHarnack, Sprüche u. Reden Jesu 1907, 32–37; FSpitta, Zur Gesch. u. Lit. des Urchristentums III 2, 1907, 1–108; AMeyer, Die evangel. Berichte üb. d. Vers. Christi: HBlümner Festschr. 1914, 434–68; DVölter, NThT 6, 1917, 348–65; EBöklen, ZNW 18, 1918, 244–48; PKetter, D. Versuchg. Jesu 1918; BViolet, D. Aufbau d. Versuchungsgeschichte Jesu: Harnack Festschr. 1921, 14–21; NFreese, D. Versuchg. Jesu nach den Synopt., diss. Halle 1922, D. Versuchlichkeit Jesu: StKr 96/97, 1925, 313–18; SEitrem/AFridrichsen, D. Versuchg. Christi 1924; Clemen² 1924, 214–18; HVogels, D. Versuchungen Jesu: BZ 17, 1926, 238–55; SelmaHirsch [s. on βαπτίζω 2a]; HThielicke, Jes. Chr. am Scheideweg ’38; PSeidelin, DTh 6, ’39, 127–39; HHoughton, On the Temptations of Christ and Zarathustra: ATR 26, ’44, 166–75; EFascher, Jesus u. d. Satan ’49; RSchnackenburg, TQ 132, ’52, 297–326; K-PKöppen, Die Auslegung der Versuchungsgeschichte usw.’61; EBest, The Temptation and the Passion (Mk), ’65; JDupont, RB 73, ’66, 30–76.—B. 652f. DELG s.v. πεῖρα. M-M. EDNT. DLNT 1166–70. TW. Spicq. Sv.

προσεύχομαι impf. προσηυχόμην; fut. προσεύξομαι; 1 aor. προσηυξάμην (on the augment s. W-H., App. 162; Tdf., Prol. 121; B-D-F §67, 1; Mlt-H. 191f) mid. dep. to petition deity, pray (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; PEdg 7 [=Sb 6713], 10 [257 B.C.]; Sb 3740 [I A.D.] Ἄττηος προσεύχεται τοῖς ἐν Ἀβύδῳ θεοῖς; LXX; pseudepigr.; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. [Milne 76, 37f]; Ath. 11, 2) abs. (Demochares [300 B.C.]: 75 Fgm. 2 Jac.; Dio Chrys. 35 [52], 1) Mt 6:5–7; 14:23; 26:36; Mk 1:35; 6:46; Lk 1:10; 5:16; Ac 1:24; 6:6; 1 Cor 11:4f (on the topic of head covering s. PTomson, Paul and the Jewish Law [CRINT III/1] ’90); 14:14b; 1 Ti 2:8 (on the topic of prayer for gentiles s. Schürer II 311f); Js 5:13, 18; MPol 5:2; 7:3; 12:3; Hv 1, 1, 4; 3, 1, 6; 5:1; Hs 9, 11, 7a; D 8:2. AcPl Ha 1, 32; 2, 12; 4, 23; 7, 19; 11, 14 (restored) and 22; AcPlCor 2:30. Followed by a prayer introduced by λέγων (Is 44:17; cp. Did., Gen. 223, 28) Mt 26:42; Lk 22:41; cp. Mt 26:39; Lk 11:2 (on the Lord’s Prayer see TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 165–71; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ’57, 95–113; HBetz, Essays on the Sermon on the Mount ’85, SM 370–86 [lit.]). W. dat. of pers. to whom the prayer is addressed (so predom. outside our lit.; see B-D-F §187, 4; cp. Rob. 538) πρ. τῷ θεῷ pray to God (Diod S 13, 16, 7 τοῖς θεοῖς; Chariton 3, 10, 6 θεῷ; Athen. 13, 32, 573d τῇ θεῷ; Philostrat., Vi. Apollon. 5, 28 p. 186, 9 τοῖς θεοῖς; Jos., Ant. 10, 252; cp. 256; τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 26, 17) 1 Cor 11:13; τῷ κυρίῳ πρ. (TestJos 3:3; 7:4) Hv 1, 1, 3; 2, 1, 2; τῷ πατρὶ πρ. Mt 6:6b. Also πρὸς τὸν θεόν (LXX; ParJer 6:1) Hv 1, 1, 9. πρὸς κύριον GJs 20:2 (pap, not codd.; but 2:4 codd., not pap). W. dat. of manner πρ. γλώσσῃ, τῷ πνεύματι, τῷ νοί̈ pray in a tongue, in the spirit, with understanding 1 Cor 14:14a, 15; ἐν πνεύματι πρ. Eph 6:18; cp. Jd 20 (s. Borger, GGA 140); προσευχῇ πρ. pray earnestly Js 5:17. ἀδιαλείπτως 1 Th 5:17; IEph 10:1; Hs 9, 11, 7b. ἀδεῶς MPol 7:2a. πρ. ὑπέρ τινος pray for someone or someth. (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 26 p. 340, 5; LXX; ApcMos 36; Ath.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 23, 3) Mt 5:44 (cp. Ro 12:14 and Plut., Mor. 275d); Col 1:9; IEph 10:1; 21:2; ISm 4:1; D 1:3. Also πρ. περί τινος (LXX; s. περί 1f) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3; 1 Th 5:25; Hb 13:18; ITr 12:3; MPol 5:1; D 2:7; GJs 8:2. Foll. by ἵνα (B-D-F §392, 1c) Mt 24:20; 26:41; Mk 13:18; 14:38; Lk 22:40, 46. τοῦτο πρ. ἵνα Phil 1:9. περί τινος ἵνα Col 4:3; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1. περί τινος ὅπως Ac 8:15. ὑπέρ τινος ὅπως Js 5:16 v.l. Foll. by gen. of inf. w. art. (B-D-F §400, 7; Rob. 1094) τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι Js 5:17. πρ. ἐπί τινα (ἐπί 1cγ) vs. 14 (cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 20b: Proclus, on his deathbed, has his friends recite hymns to him). W. acc. foll., which refers to the content or manner of the prayer (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 18 p. 229, 32) ταῦτα πρ. Lk 18:11. μακρὰ πρ. make long prayers Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47.—W. acc. of the thing prayed for πρ. τι pray for someth. (X., Hell. 3, 2, 22 νίκην) Mk 11:24; Ro 8:26 (on the ability of the ordinary person to pray see Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 μόνος ὁ σοφὸς εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι=only the wise man knows how to pray).—FHeiler, Das Gebet⁵ 1923 (lit.); FDölger, Sol Salutis: Gebet u. Gesang im christl. Altert.² 1925 (material fr. history of religions); JDöller, Das G. im AT in rel.-gesch. Beleuchtung 1914; AGreiff, Das G. im AT 1915; JHempel, G. u. Frömmigkeit im AT 1922, Gott u. Mensch im AT² ’36; Elbogen² 353ff; 498ff.—EvdGoltz, Das G. in der ältesten Christenheit 1901; IRohr, Das G. im NT 1924; JMarty, La Prière dans le NT: RHPR 10, 1930, 90–98; JNielen, G. u. Gottesdienst im NT ’37; HGreeven, G. u. Eschatologie im NT ’31. LRuppoldt, D. Theol. Grundlage des Bittgebetes im NT, diss. Leipzig ’53; AHamman, La Prière, I (NT), ’59.—JoachJeremias, D. Gebetsleben Jesu: ZNW 25, 1926, 123–40; AJuncker, Das G. bei Pls 1905, Die Ethik des Ap. Pls II 1919, 55–72; CSchneider, Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47 (Paul); EOrphal, Das Plsgebet ’33; J-AEschlimann, La Prière dans S. Paul ’34; GHarder, Pls u. d. Gebet ’36; AKlawek, Das G. zu Jesus 1921; AFrövig, D. Anbetung Christi im NT: TTK 1, 1930, 26–44; EDelay, A qui s’adresse la prière chr.? RTP 37, ’49, 189–201.—OHoltzmann, Die tägl. Gebetsstunden im Judentum u. Urchristentum: ZNW 12, 1911, 90–107, HWagenvoort, Orare: Precari: Verbum, HWObbink Festschr., ’64, 101–11 (prayer among the Romans); RMerkelbach, MTotti, eds., Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri religiösen u. magischen Inhalts, I: Gebete ’90; FHickson, Roman Prayer Language ’93; JCharlesworth, ed., The Lord’s Prayer and Other Prayer Texts fr. the Greco-Roman Era ’94 (lit. 186–201); MKiley, ed., Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine (tr. only) ’97.—B. 1471. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἀντίτυπος, ον (since Anaximander pre-Socr.; Theognis 2, 1244; Aeschyl., Septem 521, also IG XIV, 1320; Esth 3:13d v.l.; Philo) of someth. that corresponds to another; esp. used metaph.

① pert. to that which corresponds to someth. else, adj. corresponding to (Polyb. 6, 31, 8 ἀντίτυπος τίθεμαί τινι I am placed opposite) someth. that has gone before (τύπος, cp. the oracular saying in Diod S 9, 36, 3 τύπος ἀντίτυπος and Ex 25:40). In a compressed statement, with rescue through water as the dominant theme ὸ̔ (i.e. ὕδωρ) καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀ. νῦν σῴζει βάπτισμα baptism correspondingly now saves you, i.e. the salvation of Noah and family via water (διʼ ὕδατος), which supported the ark, is the τύπος for the salutary function of the water of baptism 1 Pt 3:21. A Platonic perspective (s. 2, below) is not implied in the passage.—PLundberg, La Typologie Baptismale dans l’ancienne Église, ’42, 110ff; ESelwyn, The First Epistle of St Peter, ’46, 298f; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 144f. LHurst, JTS 34, ’83, 165–68, argues for the same mng. Hb 9:24 (s. 2 below).

② subst. τὸ ἀ. copy, antitype, representation (ISyriaW 1855; pap, e.g. POxy 1470, 6; PYadin 23, 24 al.; Plotin. 2, 9, 6 [ὁ ἀ.]; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 76, 28 Pasquali; in different sense Just., D. 5, 2 ἀντιτυπίαν resistance), acc. to Platonic doctrine, w. ref. to the world of things about us, as opposed to the true heavenly originals, or ideas (the αὐθεντικόν). So χειροποίητα ἅγια, ἀ. τῶν ἀληθινῶν a sanctuary made w. hands, a (mere) copy of the true (sanctuary) Hb 9:24 (s. 1 above). The flesh is ἀντίτυπος τοῦ πνεύματος 2 Cl 14:3a; the spirit, on the other hand, is τὸ αὐθεντικόν vs. 3b.—RHanson, Allegory and Event, ’59, 67–69; CFritsch, TCVriezen Festschr. ’66, 100–107.—DELG s.v. τύπτω. M-M. TW.

ἄγω fut. ἄξω; 2 aor. ἤγαγον; also 3 pl. ἤγαγαν (GJs 10:1); ἠγάγοσαν LXX; pf. ἀγήοχα LXX. Pass.: impf. ἠγόμην; 1 fut. ἀχθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἤχθην; pf. 3 sg. ἦκται Is 23:1. See the pres. act. impv. ἄγε as a separate entry (Hom.+).

① to direct the movement of an object from one position to another

ⓐ lead, bring, lead off, lead away w. acc. τὴν ὄνον καὶ τὸν πῶλον Mt 21:7 (cp. Just., A I, 32, 6; 54, 7); γυναῖκα J 8:3; παῖδα Ac 20:12. ἄγαγε αὐτήν bring her here! AcPl Ha 2, 15f. θέλεις χαλκέα ἄγωμεν; Do you wish us to fetch a locksmith? 3, 5. W. acc. and indication of the goal πρὸς αὐτόν Lk 4:40; 18:40; cp. 19:35; J 9:13; Ac 9:27; 23:18. πρὸς τὸ συμψέλιον Hv 3, 1, 7. εἰς τὴν ἔρημον B 7:8. ἐπὶ σφαγήν to be slaughtered Ac 8:32; 1 Cl 16:7; B 5:2 (all three Is 53:7). ἔξω J 19:4, 13; ὧδε Lk 19:27. W. dat. of pers. (1 Macc 7:2) ἀγάγετέ μοι bring it to me Mt 21:2. τινὰ σύν τινι (cp. PGM 1, 179) 1 Th 4:14. Pass. τὸ πλοῖον ἀγόμενον εἰς Μακεδονίαν the ship sailing for Macedonia AcPl Ha 5, 15.—In transf. sense, of Jesus as shepherd J 10:16; ὁ θεὸς ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ σωτῆρα Ἰησοῦν God brought Jesus as savior to Israel Ac 13:23.

ⓑ bring/take along (Jos., Ant. 10, 179) εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν Ac 11:26. ἕως Ἀθηνῶν 17:15. ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον vs. 19; ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι (=πρὸς Μνάσωνα) ἵνα παρʼ αὐτῷ ξενισθῶμεν 21:16; s. on this ξενίζω and B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719). ἄγε μετὰ σεαυτοῦ bring (him) along 2 Ti 4:11 (PPetr II, 32 [2a], 13 ἄγων μεθʼ αὑτοῦ).

② to take into custody, lead away, arrest, legal t.t. w. acc. Mk 13:11; Lk 22:54; J 7:45; Ac 5:26. ὅπως δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 9:2; cp. 22:5. Of arraignment and trial w. ἐπί and acc. (BGU 22, 34ff; PTebt 331, 16f; Just., A II, 2, 12) ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας Mt 10:18. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν Hs 9, 28, 4. εἰς τὸ συνέδριον Ac 6:12. [εἰς τὸ συμ]β[ο]ύ̣λιον AcPl BMM verso 20 (cp. Just. A II, 10, 4 εἰς δικαστήριον). Abs. Ac 25:6, 17, 23. Of the transport of a prisoner 23:31; J 18:28. εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν take away to the barracks Ac 21:34; 23:10. Of leading away to execution (cp. Diod S 13, 102, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9 §36; Lucian, Syr. Dea 25; 2 Macc 6:29; 7:18) Lk 23:32; J 19:16 v.l.; s. entry ἀπάγω 2c.

③ to lead/guide morally or spiritually, lead, encourage (in the direction of) (X., Mem. 1, 6, 14 ἐπὶ καλοκἀγαθίαν; Demosth. 25, 76 εἰς ἔλεον; 18, 316 εἰς ἀχαριστίαν; Pr 18:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 174; εἰς πίστιν Just., A I, 10, 4; εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν 44, 11) τινὰ εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4 (Polyb. 5, 16, 2 εἰς μετάνοιαν ἄξειν τ. βασιλέα; EpArist 188; Jos., Ant. 4, 144); εἰς δόξαν Hb 2:10. Of jealousy ἄ. εἰς θάνατον 1 Cl 9:1. γυναικάρια ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 2 Ti 3:6 (Aristot., EN 7, 3, 10, 1147a, 34 ἡ ἐπιθυμία ἄγει. Cp. Eur., Med. 310 σε θυμὸς ἦγεν; Pla., Prot. 355a ὑπὸ τ. ἡδονῶν ἀγόμενος; Demosth. 18, 9 τοῖς ἔξωθεν λόγοις ἠγμένος; Parthenius 29, 2 ἄγειν εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν=entice to desire; ἤγοντο εἰς τοὺς χώρους τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν Mel., P. 50, 359). Freq. of the working of the Spirit on human beings: pass. be led, allow oneself to be led πνεύματι θεοῦ ἄγεσθαι Ro 8:14; cp. Gal 5:18; Lk 4:1, 9 (on the “permissive pass.” s. Gildersleeve, Syntax I §167).—1 Cor 12:2 is difficult: ὅτι πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε ἀπαγόμενοι may be transl. how you were attracted, carried away again and again to mute idols, where ἄν denotes repetition, and ὡς takes up the preceding ὅτι; for another expl., presupposing the rdg. ὡς ἀνήγεσθε, s. JWeiss ad loc.; s. also ICC ad loc. (Psellus p. 96, 33 offers a choice between ἂν ἀγάγοι and ἀναγάγοι; Herodas 6, 73 ἂν εὑρήσεις RHerzog or ἀνευρήσεις AKnox; CB I/2, 390 no. 248 ὸ̔ς ἂν ὀρύξει or ὸ̔ς ἀνορύξει). [τ]ὰς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπάτην ἀγούσας (paths) that lead to deceit AcPl Ha 1, 13.

④ to make use of time for a specific purpose, spend, observe (Eur., Hdt.+; Aberciusins 18; LXX) ἀ. τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ὀγδόην εἰς εὐφροσύνην celebrate the eighth day as a festival of joy B 15:9 (cp. OGI 90, 47 [196 B.C.] ἄγειν τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας ἑορτάς; PCairGoodsp 3, 18 [III B.C.] ἡμέραν καλὴν ἤγαγον; freq. in PCairZen, s. Preis. IV). Perh. impers. τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν ἄγει this is the third day Lk 24:21; but, since this expr. cannot be found elsewhere, it is prob. better to supply Ἰησοῦς as subj. (B-D-F §129) lit. Jesus is spending the third day (cp. Galen XIII 581 Kühn τετάρτην ἡμέραν ἄγων ἀνώδυνος ἦν, ad Glauc. de med. meth. 1, 16 XI 65 K. πόστην ἄγει τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ νοσεῖν ἡμέραν ὁ ἄνθρωπος). Of festivals celebrate, observe (Hdt.+; Aesop, Fab. 389 P. γενέθλιον ἄγειν; PCairZen 541, 5 [III B.C.] Jos., Ant 11, 77, cp. 1 Esdr 5:50; ἄγοντα ἑορτάς Ar. 10, 8; μυστήρια ἄγετε Just., A I, 25, 1; Ath. 1, 1) γενέσια Mt 14:6 v.l.; τὸ σάββατον PtK 2 p. 14, 28; νεομηνίαν ibid. ln. 29. Of meetings (like Lat. agere) συμβούλιον ἄγειν hold a meeting IPol 7:2. Pass. ἀγοραῖοι ἄγονται (s. ἀγοραῖος 2) Ac 19:38.

⑤ to move away from a position, go, intr. (X. et al.) ἄγωμεν let us go (so Vi. Aesopi G 77 P.; loanw. in rabb.; B-D-F §308) Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 11:16. W. the goal given (Ael. Aristid. 51, 28 K.=27 p. 541 D.: εἰς τὸ ἱερόν; Epict. 3, 22, 55 ἄγωμεν ἐπὶ τ. ἀνθύπατον) εἰς τὰς κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38. εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν J 11:7. εἰς τὸ ὄρος ApcPt 2:4. εἰς ἀγρόν Hs 6, 1, 5; ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν AcPl Ha 4, 7; πρὸς αὐτόν J 11:15. παρὰ τὸν πύργον Hs 9, 5, 6. ἄγωμεν ἴδωμεν τὸν ἔχοντα τὸν θεὸν θηριομαχοῦντα let us go and see this man, who possesses divinity, fight with the beasts AcPl Ha 4, 7. W. the point of departure given ἐντεῦθεν J 14:31. JFitzmyer, The Use of Agein and Pherein in the Synoptics: Gingrich Festschr. 147–60.—B. 711; 713. DELG. M-M.

ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+) actually ptc. of ἄρχω, used as subst.: one who is in a position of leadership, esp. in a civic capacity.

① one who has eminence in a ruling capacity, ruler, lord, prince

ⓐ of earthly figures, οἱ ἄ. τῶν ἐθνῶν Mt 20:25; cp. B 9:3 (Is 1:10); οἱ ἄ. the rulers Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2). W. δικαστής of Moses (in quot. of Ex 2:14): 7:27, 35 and 1 Cl 4:10.

ⓑ of Christ ὁ ἄ. τ. βασιλέων τ. γῆς the ruler of the kings of the earth Rv 1:5;

ⓒ of transcendent figures. Evil spirits (Kephal. I p. 50, 22; 24; 51, 25 al.), whose hierarchies resembled human polit. institutions. The devil is ἄ. τ. δαιμονίων Mt 9:34; 12:24; Mk 3:22; Lk 11:15 (s. Βεελζεβούλ.—Porphyr. [in Eus., PE 4, 22, 15] names Sarapis and Hecate as τοὺς ἄρχοντας τ. πονηρῶν δαιμόνων) or ἄ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; ἄ. καιροῦ τοῦ νῦν τῆς ἀνομίας B 18:2; ὁ ἄ. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 13, 13) IEph 17:1; 19:1; IMg 1:2; ITr 4:2; IRo 7:1; IPhld 6:2. (Cp. AscIs 1, 3; 10, 29.) At AcPlCor 2, 11 the ed. of PBodmer X suggests on the basis of a Latin version (s. ZNW 44, 1952–53, 66–76) that the following words be supplied between πολλοῖς and θέλων εἶναι: [ὁ γὰρ ἄρχων ἄδικος ὢν| (καὶ) θεὸς] (lat.: nam quia injustus princeps deus volens esse) [the prince (of this world) being unjust] and desiring to be [god] (s. ASchlatter, D. Evglst. Joh. 1930, 271f). Many would also class the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 Cor 2:6–8 in this category (so from Origen to H-DWendland ad loc., but for possible classification under mng. 2 s. TLing, ET 68, ’56/57, 26; WBoyd, ibid. 68, ’57/58, 158). ὁ πονηρὸς ἄ. B 4:13; ὁ ἄδικος ἄ. MPol 19:2 (cp. ὁ ἄρχων τ. πλάνης TestSim 2:7, TestJud 19:4). ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος Eph 2:2 (s. ἀήρ, end). W. ἄγγελος as a messenger of God and representative of the spirit world (Porphyr., Ep. ad Aneb. [s. ἀρχάγγελος] c. 10) Dg 7:2; οἱ ἄ. ὁρατοί τε καὶ ἀόρατοι the visible and invisible rulers ISm 6:1.

② gener. one who has administrative authority, leader, official (so loanw. in rabb.) Ro 13:3; Tit 1:9 v.l. (cp. PsSol 17:36). For 1 Cor 2:6–8 s. 1b above.

ⓐ of Jewish leaders (Schürer, index; PLond III, 1177, 57 p. 183 [113 A.D.] ἀρχόντων Ἰουδαίων προσευχῆς Θηβαίων; IGR I, 1024, 21; Jos., Ant. 20, 11) of the high priest Ac 23:5 (Ex 22:27). Of those in charge of a synagogue (IG XIV, 949, 2) Mt 9:18, 23; cp. ἄ. τῆς συναγωγῆς Lk 8:41; Ac 14:2 D. Of members of the Sanhedrin Lk 18:18; 23:13, 35; 24:20; ἄ. τ. Ἰουδαίων (cp. Epict. 3, 7, 30 κριτὴς τῶν Ἑλλήνων) J 3:1; cp. 7:26, 48; 12:42; Ac 3:17; 4:5, 8 (ἄρχοντες καὶ πρεσβύτεροι as 1 Macc 1:26); 13:27; 14:5. τὶς τῶν ἀρχόντων τ. Φαρισαίων a member of the Sanhedrin who was a Pharisee Lk 14:1. Of a judge 12:58.

ⓑ of gentile officials (Diod S 18, 65, 6; s. the indexes to SIG and OGI) Ac 16:19 (OGI 441, 59 and note); 1 Cl 60:2; MPol 17:2. W. ἡγούμενοι 1 Cl 60:4. W. βασιλεῖς and ἡγούμενοι 1 Cl 32:2.—B. 1324. 153–59 (‘Archon’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω. M-M. TW.

ἐνεργέω 1 aor. ἐνήργησα; pf. ἐνήργηκα; aor. pass. inf. ἐνεργηθῆναι; ptc. ἐνεργηθέντα (s. ἐνέργεια; Just., D. 78, 6, A I, 26, 4) (Aristot.+).

① intr. to put one’s capabilities into operation, work, be at work, be active, operate, be effective

ⓐ act. (Philo Mech. 59, 48; 96, 12; Vett. Val. 226, 2; Herm. Wr. 12, 11ab; PGiss 78, 4 [II A.D.] καλῶς δὲ ποιήσεις καὶ περὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐνεργήσασα; Wsd 15:11; 16:17; Jos., Ant. 15, 290, Vi. 156) τὸ θέλειν καὶ τὸ ἐ. the will and the action Phil 2:13b. Used w. ἐν and dat. of pers. (TestDan 5:5 ἐνεργούντων ἐν ὑμῖν τῶν πνευμάτων; TestSim 4:8; without ἐν Ath. 10, 3) αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ miraculous powers are at work in him Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; cp. Eph 2:2. Of God (Julian 4, 142d ἐνεργεῖν ἐθέλει) ὁ ἐνεργῶν B 2:1 (s. HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.). W. dat. of advantage (cp. Pr 31:12) ὁ ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ the one who was at work for Peter Gal 2:8 (the εἰς foll. supplies the goal of the activity, as Ro 7:5; s. b below).

ⓑ mid., in our lit. always w. impers. subj. (Diod S 13, 85, 2 the siege ‘went into effect’, ‘began’; Herm. Wr. 12, 11c τὰ ἀσώματα) τὰ παθήματα ἐνηργεῖτο ἐν τ. μέλεσιν the passions were at work in our members Ro 7:5 (the εἰς foll. introduces the goal; s. a above on Gal 2:8). ἡ παράκλησις ἡ ἐνεργουμένη ἐν ὑπομονῇ consolation that functions in (the act of) enduring 2 Cor 1:6. ὁ θάνατος ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖται death is at work in us 4:12 (Lucian, Charon 2 ἐνεργεῖν τὰ τοῦ θανάτου ἔργα). Of God’s word 1 Th 2:13. δύναμις ἐνεργουμένη ἐν ἡμῖν the power that works in us Eph 3:20; cp. Col 1:29. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith working (=expressing itself) through love Gal 5:6. τὸ μυστήριον ἐνεργεῖται τῆς ἀνομίας the secret force of lawlessness is at work = is in operation 2 Th 2:7. δέησις ἐνεργουμένη effective prayer Js 5:16. τὰ ἐνεργούμενα the forces at work 1 Cl 60:1. τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα βλέποντες ἐνεργούμενα we see how one thing after the other works itself out = comes to pass B 1:7.—JRoss, ἐνεργεῖσθαι in the NT: Exp. 7th ser., 7, 1909, 75–77; JMayor, ibid. 191f; AGarvie, ET 55, ’43/44, p. 97. For the view that the passages in b are passive, not mid., s. the art. by Clark below, p. 98ff and ref. there.

② trans. to bring someth. about through use of capability, work, produce, effect w. acc. (of pers. Just., A I, 26, 4; Ath. 9, 1 al.) of thing (Philo Mech. 59, 48; Polyb. 3, 6, 5; Diod S 13, 85, 2; POxy 1567; Pr 21:6; 31:12; Jos., Ant. 3, 155; 15, 283; Just., A I, 12, 5 ταῦτα; 23, 3 ἀσεβῆ ἔργα al.; Iren. 3, 21, 2 [Harv. II 114, 6]; δαίμονες ἐ. λοιμούς Orig., C. Cels. 1, 31, 27; ἡ Ἰησοῦ δύναμίς ἐστιν ἐνεργοῦσα τὴν ἐπιστροπφήν 1, 43, 39; Hippol.) τί someth.: of God ὁ τὰ πάντα ἐνεργῶν Eph 1:11 (cp. EpArist 210). Of the Spirit 2:2. τὶ ἔν τινι produce someth. in someone ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Cor 12:6; cp. vs. 11. ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν τὸ θέλειν the one who produces the will in you Phil 2:13a. οὐδὲ ἐνεργῆσαι δύναται εἰς αὐτούς it cannot influence them Hm 5, 2, 1 (cp. Just., D. 18, 3 τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων … ἐνεργούμενα εἰς ἡμᾶς); δυνάμεις ἐ. Gal 3:5 (Just., D. 7, 3); ἐνέργειαν ἐ. Eph 1:20. (W. acc. and inf.: Just., A I, 62, 1 al.)—GWhitaker, ET 26, 1914/15, 474–76; KClark, The Mng. of ἐνεργέω and καταργέω in the NT: JBL 54, ’35, 93–101.—M-M. TW.

ἐπαγγελία, ας, ἡ (s. ἀγγέλλω; Demosth. et al.; Aristot., EN 10, 1 p. 1164a, 29; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.) in many authors ἐ. refers to the act of making someth. known publicly, but in our lit. it most often bears the sense of

① declaration to do someth. with implication of obligation to carry out what is stated, promise, pledge, offer (Polyb. 1, 43, 6; 7, 13, 2; 18, 11, 1 al.; Diod S 1, 5, 3; 4, 16, 2; Epict. 1, 4, 3 ἡ ἀρετὴ ταύτην ἔχει τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν εὐδαιμονίαν ποιῆσαι; Michel 473, 10; IPriene 123, 9; 1 Macc 10:15; Philo, Mut. Nom. 201; Jos., Ant. 5, 307).

ⓐ of humans ὅπως ἀποδῶμεν τὴν ἐ. ἣν ἐπειγγειλάμεθα so that we might keep our promise GJs 7:1. Of one who lays claim to being a Christian IEph 14:2.

ⓑ in our lit. more generally of divine promises (Herm. Wr. in Stob. I 387, 15 W.; Fgm. XXIII 8 v.l.; cp. Herm. Wr. 18, 14; Jos., Ant. 2, 219; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 6; PsSol 12:6; perh. Ps 55:9).

α. God’s promise sg. Ac 2:39; Ro 4:13f, 16; 9:9 (where λόγος is to be supplied w. the gen. ἐπαγγελίας: this word is a word of promise); Gal 3:17; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 26:1; 2 Cl 15:4; B 5:7; 16:9. Pl. Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 7:1; Gal 3:16; Hb 7:6; 8:6; 11:17; 1 Cl 27:1; H 3, 4; ApcPt Rainer (figura etymol.; cp. 1a and 1bβ). Prep. phrases: διʼ ἐπαγγελίας by or because of a promise Gal 3:18b; 4:23; also ἐξ ἐπαγγελίας 3:18a. ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ with promise Eph 6:2. κατʼ ἐπαγγελίαν in accordance w. the promise (PSI 281, 58 κατὰ τ. ἐπανγελίας αὐτου; sim. IK IX–X/2: Nikaia II/1, 702, 6; 1 Esdr 1:7; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 68, 43) Ac 13:23; Gal 3:29; cp. 2 Ti 1:1 (on these three s. New Docs 4, 147).—For var. reasons the gen. is used w. ἐ.: to denote the one fr. whom the promise comes (τ.) θεοῦ Ro 4:20; 2 Cor 1:20; Gal 3:21; 2 Cl 11:1; 1 Ti 1:1 v.l.; to denote the thing promised (Jos., Ant. 3, 77 τ. ἀγαθῶν) ἐ. τ. αἰωνίου κληρονομίας Hb 9:15. τ. ζωῆς 1 Ti 4:8; τ. παρουσίας 2 Pt 3:4; to denote the one(s) for whom the promise is intended τ. πατέρων Ro 15:8 (TestJob 20:1; on βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐ. cp. InsPriene 123, 9 ἐβεβαίωσεν τ. ἐπαγγελίαν).—On the other hand, τῆς ἐπαγγελίας is oft. added, as a kind of gen. of quality, to indicate the relation of the noun in question to the promise: γῆ τ. ἐ. the promised land Hb 11:9 (TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 16 [Stone p. 18] al).; τέκνα τ. ἐ. children of the promise, i.e. those born because of the promise Ro 9:8; Gal 4:28; πνεῦμα τ. ἐ. Eph 1:13; διαθῆκαι τ. ἐ. 2:12. As an obj. gen. in πίστις τῆς ἐ. faith in the promise B 6:17.—ἐ. w. inf. foll. εἰσελθεῖν to enter Hb 4:1.—ἐ. γενομένη πρὸς τ. πατέρας a promise made to the fathers Ac 13:32; also εἰς τ. πατ. 26:6 (Diod S 2, 60, 4 γεγενημένη ἐ.=a promise given).—Of Christ’s promise (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 43) 2 Cl 5:5.

β. w. specification of what was promised (Vi. Aesopi G 79 P.; PsSol 12:6) 1J 2:25 (figura etymol. as Hs 1, 7). Hv 3, 2, 1 (ἐπαγγελίαι w. δῶρα). δεκτὸς τῆς ἐ. recipient of the promised benefit ApcPt Rainer 20. W. epexeg. gen. foll. ἡ ἐ. τοῦ πνεύματος what was promised, namely the Spirit Ac 2:33; Gal 3:14. Foll. by gen. of the one who promises ἐ. τοῦ πατρός Lk 24:49; Ac 1:4; κομίσασθαι τὴν ἐ. Hb 10:36; 11:13 v.l., 39. λαβεῖν Hb 11:13; 2 Cl 11:7; ἀπολαβεῖν B 15:7; Hv 2, 2, 6; ἡ μέλλουσα ἐ. 2 Cl 10:3f.

γ. It is not always poss. to draw a hard and fast line betw. α and β (cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 7, 19: ἐ. τοῦ λουτροῦ): Ac 7:17; Gal 3:22; Eph 3:6; Hb 6:12, 15, 17; 11:9b, 33; 1 Cl 10:2; 34:7.—FBaumgärtel, Verheissung: Zur Frage des evang. Verständnisses des AT ’52.

② The pregnant use of ἐ. Ac 23:21 is in effect an extension of mng. 1 and involves two major components: entertainment of a request and approval of it assurance of agreement προσδέχεσθαι τὴν ἀπό τινος ἐ. wait for assurance fr. someone or consent (namely, to do what has been proposed).—DELG s.v. ἄγγελος. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἐπιτελέω fut. ἐπιτελέσω; 1 aor. ἐπετέλεσα. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐπιτελεσθήσομαι LXX; aor. ἐπετελέσθην (Hdt.+; freq. in civic decrees).

① to finish someth. begun, end, bring to an end, finish (1 Km 3:12; 1 Esdr 4:55; 6:27) τὶ someth. Ro 15:28; Phil 1:6; 2 Cor 8:6, 11a. Abs. vs. 11b. So also Gal 3:3, either as mid.: you have begun in the Spirit; will you now end in the flesh? or, less prob., as pass. will you be made complete in the flesh? w. ref. to the Judaizers.

② to bring about a result according to plan or objective, complete, accomplish, perform, bring about (IMagnMai 17, 25) τὶ someth. πάντα (1 Esdr 8:16) 1 Cl 1:3; 2:8; 48:4. πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν 33:1 (POslo 137, 9 [III A.D.] ἐ. τὰ καθήκοντα ἔργα). τὰ ἀνήκοντα τῇ βουλήσει 35:5 (PTebt 294, 11 τὰ τῇ προφητείᾳ προσήκοντα ἐπιτελεῖν). τά διατασσόμενα carry out the commands or instructions (PGM 4, 1539f τ. ἐντολάς) 37:2f; cp. 40:1f. τ. λειτουργίαν perform a service (Philo, Somn. 1, 214; s. below for this t.t., frequently used in recognition of civic-minded pers., and s. lit. s.v. λειτουργέω 2) 1 Cl 20:10; Lk 13:32 v.l. τὰς θεραπείας GJs 20:2 (not pap). τὰ κυνήγια the animal-combat AcPl Ha 3, 4. ἁγιωσύνην bring about sanctification 2 Cor 7:1 (cp. EpArist 133 κακίαν; 166 ἀκαθαρσίαν). τὴν σκηνήν erect the tent, i.e. carry out specifications for construction of a tent Hb 8:5 (s. Ex. 26). Esp. of the performance of rituals and ceremonies (Hdt. et al.; SIG 1109, 111 ἐ. τὰς λιτουργίας; UPZ 43, 20 [162/161 B.C.]; 106, 21 [99 B.C.]; PTebt 292, 20f; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 70, 9–11; EpArist 186; Philo, Ebr. 129; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 118) τ. λατρείας ἐ. perform the rituals (Philo, Somn. 1, 214) Hb 9:6. θυσίας bring sacrifices (Hdt. 2, 63; 4, 26; Diod S 17, 115, 6; Herodian 1, 5, 2; SIG index; IPriene 108, 27; JosAs 2:5; Philo, Somn. 1, 215; Jos., Ant. 4, 123; 9, 273; POxy 2782, 6–8 [II/III A.D.]) Dg 3:5. The pass. (IMagnMai 17, 25f) in this sense 1 Cl 40:3. τὴν ἡμέραν γενέθλιον ἐ. celebrate the birthday MPol 18:2 (Epici p. 39, 19f B.=p. 18, 3 K. γάμους ἐπετέλεσεν; Ammonius, Vi. Aristot. p. 11, 23 Westerm. ἑορτὴν ἐ.).—Mid. (=act., as Polyb. 1, 40, 16; 2, 58, 10; Diod S 3, 57, 4 πρᾶξιν ἐπιτελέσασθαι) γυναῖκες ἐπετελέσαντο ἀνδρεῖα women have performed heroic deeds 1 Cl 55:3.

③ to cause someth. to happen as fulfillment of an objective or purpose, fulfill (PsSol 6:6 πᾶν αἴτημα; Lucian, Charon 6 τ. ὑπόσχεσιν) of a saying of scripture, pass. 1 Cl 3:1. Apparently in ref. to divine purpose lay someth. upon someone, accomplish someth. in the case of someone τινί τι (Pla., Leg. 10, 910d δίκην τινί) pass. τὰ αὐτὰ τῶν παθημάτων τῇ ἀδελφότητι ἐπιτελεῖσθαι the same kinds of sufferings are laid upon the fellowship or are accomplished in the case of the fellowship 1 Pt 5:9.—DELG s.v. τέλο. M-M. TW.

ἐπιχορηγέω 1 aor. ἐπεχορήγησα; 1 fut. pass. ἐπιχορηγηθήσομαι. For the interpretation of passages using this verb and cognates it is well to explore the possibility of connection with the Gr-Rom. cultural background of generous public service that finds expression in the χορηγ-family.

① to convey as a gift, give, grant (Dionys. Hal. 1, 42; Diog. L. 5, 67; Phalaris, Ep. 50; Alex. Aphr., Probl. 1, 81. In marriage contracts ἐ. τὰ δέοντα: BGU 183, 6; POxy 905, 10; CPR I, 27, 12; cp. Strabo 11, 14, 16) τί τινι someth. to someone Hs 2:5, 7. σπέρμα τῷ σπείραντι give seed to the sower 2 Cor 9:10. ὑμῖν τὸ πνεῦμα he who gives you the Spirit Gal 3:5. αὐτῷ τ. ἐγκράτειαν 1 Cl 38:2, end.—Pass. ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος you will be granted an entrance 2 Pt 1:11. Without an acc. to denote what is given (En 7:3), ἐ. comes to mean

② to provide (at one’s own expense), supply, furnish (SEG XXXIX, 605, 2 [205/204 B.C.?]; Dionys. Hal. 10, 54) fig. extension of mng. 1 ἐ. τὴν ἀρετήν 2 Pt 1:5 (within a variation of the rhetorical form κλῖμαξ).

③ to provide what is necessary for the well-being of another, support (Sir 25:22; En 7:3; Ar. 15, 7; s. ἐπιχορηγία) ὁ πλούσιος ἐπιχορηγείτω τῷ πτωχῷ let the rich person support the indigent one 1 Cl 38:2 (Ar. 15, 7). Pass. ὁ πένης ἐπιχορηγούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ πλουσίου the poor person, who is supported by the rich Hs 2:6. πᾶν τὸ σῶμα διὰ τῶν ἁφῶν καὶ συνδέσμων ἐπιχορηγούμενον καὶ συμβιβαζόμενον the whole body supported and held together by sinews and ligaments Col 2:19 (for the pass. of the simplex the mng. be supported, receive help is well attested [Ps.-X., Respubl. Athen. (the ‘Old Oligarch’) 1, 13; Polyb. 3, 75, 3; 4, 77, 2; 9, 44, 1; Sir 44:6; 3 Macc 6:40], and in Hs 2:5 the simplex and the compound appear to be used w. the same value, but the compound may here mean help afterwards, for a wealthy individual is here obligated to a poor one).—Danker, Benefactor 331f.—DELG s.v. χορός. M-M. S. also next entry.

δύω [(A)],

A v. δύο.

------------------------------------

δύω [(B)] (v. infr.), δῡνω:

A causal Tenses, cause to sink, sink, plunge in; [tense] pres. only in Thphr.HP5.4.8 οὐκ ἐν ἴσῳ βάθει πάντα δύοντες τῆς θαλάσσης: [tense] aor. 1 ἔδῡσα (ἐξ-) Od.14.341; cf. the compds. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω.

B non-causal, get or go into, c. acc.: [tense] pres. δύω (v. 1.4); more freq.

δύνω Il.17.202

, Hes.Op. 616, S.Ph. 1331, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

δῦνον Il.11.268

: [tense] aor.

ἔδῡνα Batr.245

, part.

δύνας Plb.9.15.9

, Paus.2.11.7, Ael.VH4.1, but

ἔδῡσα Ev.Marc.1.32

, etc.: more freq. [voice] Med.

δύομαι Il. 5.140

, E.Rh. 529 (lyr.), etc. (also in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., as IG22.1241): [tense] impf.

ἐδυόμην Pl.Plt. 269a

; [dialect] Ep.

δύοντο Il.15.345

: [tense] fut. δύσομαι [ῡ] 7.298, E. El. 1271: [tense] aor.

ἐδῡσάμην A.R.4.865

, ([etym.] ἀπό) Nic.Al. 302; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

δύσαντο Il.23.739

, opt. δυσαίατο prob. in 18.376 (Prose and Com. in Compds.); Hom. mostly uses the [dialect] Ep. forms ἐδύσεο, ἐδύσετο, imper.

δύσεο 19.36

, Hes.Sc. 108, part. δυσόμενος (in [tense] pres. sense) Od.1.24, Hes. Op. 384: more freq. [tense] aor. ἔδυν (as if from Δῦμι) Il.11.63, etc.; [ per.] 3 dual ἐδύτην [ῡ] 10.254; [ per.] 1pl.

ἔδῡμεν S.Fr. 367

;

ἔδῡτε Od.24.106

; ἔδῡσαν, [dialect] Ep.

ἔδυν Il.11.263

; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.

δύσκεν 8.271

; imper. δῦθι, δῦτε, 16.64, 18.140; subj. δύω [ῡ] 6.340, 22.99, but δύῃ [ῠ] Hes.Op. 728; [dialect] Ep. opt. δύη [ῡ] (for δυίη) Od.18.348; inf.

δῦναι Il.10.221

, [dialect] Att., [dialect] Ep. δύμεναι [ῡ] 14.63,

ἐκ-δῦμεν 16.99

; part. δύς, δῦσα, Hdt.8.8: [tense] pf.

δέδῡκα Il.5.811

, Sapph.52, Pl.Phd. 116e; [dialect] Dor. inf. δεδυκεῖν [ῡ] Theoc.1.102:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. δῠθήσομαι, ἐδύθην [ῠ], and a [tense] pf. δέδῠμαι only in compds., v. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-δύω. [ῠ in δύω in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med., Hom.; but A.R. has δῡομαι

, δῡετο 1.581

, part. δῡόμενος ib. 925, Call. Epigr.22;

δῡεται Nonn.D.7.286

;

ἐκ-δέδῠκας AP5.72

(Rufin.).]

I of Places or Countries, enter, make one's way into, in Hom. the most freq. use, εἰ.. κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω ([tense] aor. 2) Il.22.99;

πόλιν δύσεσθαι Od.7.18

; ἔδυ νέφεα plunged into the clouds, of a star, Il.11.63; δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον plunge into the lap of Ocean, 18.140; γαῖαν ἐδύτην went beneath the earth, i.e. died, 6.19, cf. 411, etc.; πόλεμον δύμεναι plunge into.., 14.63;

θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα 7.298

;

ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν 20.379

; δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας go in to them, Od. 17.276; rarely in Trag.,

αἰθέρα δ. S.Aj. 1192

(lyr.), cf. E.El. 1271.

2 in [dialect] Ep. less freq. with Preps.,

ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Il.11.263

;

δύσομαι εἰς Ἀΐδαο Od.12.383

;

ἐς πόντον ἐδύσετο 5.352

;

δέρτρον ἔσω δύνοντες 11.579

;

δύσεθ' ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα Il.6.136

;

ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκ' ἔδυσαν 18.145

; κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται slinks into the fold, 5.140;

καθ' ὅμιλον ἔδυ Τρώων 3.36

(rarely c. gen.,

κατὰ σπείους κοίλοιο δέδυκεν Od.12.93

); πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα he got himself unto Ajax, i.e. got behind his shield, Il.8.271; βέλος δ' εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ ib. 85;

ἀκίδες δεδυκυῖαι διὰ φλεβῶν Plu.Crass.25

; in Prose and Trag. mostly with a Prep. (but δυόμενοι abs., diving, Th.7.25),

δῦναι ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt.8.8

;

ἐς ἄντρον A.Fr. 261

;

ἁρμὸν.. πρὸς αὐτὸ στόμιον S. Ant. 1217

;

κατὰ βάθος Pl.Lg. 905a

;

κατὰ τῆς γῆς Id.Phd. 113c

, etc.

3 abs., εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος the sword entered his body, Il.16.340; δύνει ἀλοιφή sinks in (where however βοείην may be supplied), 17.392:—[voice] Med.,

δύου πάλιν Ar.V. 148

.

4 of Sun and Stars, sink into [the sea], set,

ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ Il.18.241

, cf. Od.3.329, etc.;

ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο 13.35

;

δύσετό τ' ἠέλιος 2.388

, cf. Il.7.465, etc.;

ἀελίω δύντος Sapph.Supp.25.8

; so Βοώτης ὀψὲ δύων late- setting Boötes, Od. 5.272;

δείελος ὀψὲ δύων Il.21.232

; [

σελαναία] δύεν Bion Fr.8.6

;

πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου Hdt.7.149

;

πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος D.15.22

; δυσόμενος Υπερίων (to mark the West) Od.1.24; ἐδύετο εἰς τόπον [ὁ ἥλιος] Pl.Plt. 269a; πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου towards the West, A.Supp. 255: metaph.,

βίου δύντος αὐγαί Id.Ag. 1123

(lyr.); ἔδυ πρόπας δόμος ib. 1011 (lyr.); δεδυκὸς ζῆν live in retirement, Pl.Lg. 781c.

II of clothes and armour, get into,

Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα δ. Il.6.340

, etc.; κυνέην δ. put on one's helmet, 5.845;

δῦ δὲ χιτῶν' 18.416

: metaph., εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν if thou wilt not put on strength, 9.231; so

ἀνάγκας ἔδυ λέπαδνον A.Ag. 218

(lyr.): hence,

2 trans., put on,

ἀμφ' ὤμοισιν ἐδύσετο τεύχεα Il. 3.328

, etc.;

ὤμοιϊν.. τεύχεα δῦθι 16.64

;

χιτῶνα περὶ χροΐ.. δῦνεν Od. 15.61

;

χρυσὸν.. ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ Il.8.43

.

3 rarely abs. with a Prep.,

ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην 10.272

, cf. A.R.1.638;

ἐς τεύχεα δύντε Od.22.201

.

III of sufferings, passions, and the like , enter, come over or upon,

κάματος.. γυῖα δέδυκεν Il.5.811

;

ὄφρ' ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην Od.18.348

;

ἦτορ δῦν' ἄχος Il.19.367

;

ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος 11.272

; κρατερὴ δέ ἑ λύσσα δέδυκε madness is come over him, 9.239; δῦ μιν Ἄρης Ares, i.e. the spirit of war, filled him, 17.210;

μιν ἔδυ χόλος 19.16

.

συγγεν-ής, ές,

A congenital, inborn,

ἦθος Pi.O.13.13

;

εὐδοξία Id.N.3.40

; σ. εἶδος,= φύσις, character, Hp.Hum.1;

νόσημα σ. ἐστί τινι Id.Prorrh.2.2

;

φόβος A.Eu. 691

; παύροις.. ἐστι συγγενὲς τόδε natural to them, Id.Ag. 832;

ἡ τύχη προσγίγνεθ' ἡμῖν σ. τῷ σώματι Philem.10

; πότμος ς. Pi.N.5.40; προϊδεῖν σ. οἷς ἕπεται who have the natural gift to foresee, ib.1.28; συγγενεῖς μῆνες my connate months, the months of my natural life, S.OT 1082; σ. τρίχες the hair born with one, i.e. the hair of the head as opp. to the beard, Arist.HA 518a18, 584a24; σημεῖα ς. birth-marks, ib. 585b31; δυνάμεις αἱ σ., opp. αἱ ἔθει and αἱ μαθήσει, Id.Metaph. 1047b31; αὔξει τὸ ς. increases its natural force, Id.EN 1119b9. Adv., - νῶς δύστηνος miserable from his birth, E.HF 1293; v. σύμφυτος.

II of the same kin, descent, or family, akin to, τινι Hdt.1.109, 3.2, E.Heracl. 229: abs., akin, cognate,

θεός A.Pr.14

;

γυνή E.Andr. 887

;

χείρ S.OC 1387

; συγγενέστατον φύσει πάντων most nearly akin, Is.11.17;

σ. γάμος ἀνεψιῶν A.Pr. 855

; of animals, Arist.HA 539a23, GA 747a31, al.: hence,

b Subst., kinsman, relative,

οὖσα σ. ἐκείνου Ar. Pax 618

(troch.); τῆς ἐμῆς γυναικὸς ξυγγενεῖ (dual) Id.Av. 368 (troch.);

πρὸς σ. τε καὶ οἰκείους αὐτῶν Pl.R. 378c

;

ἔργον εὑρεῖν συγγενῆ πένητός ἐστιν Men.4

;

γάμει τὴν συγγενῆ Id.929

: freq. in pl., οἱ ς. kinsfolk, kinsmen, Pi.P.4.133, Hdt.2.91, etc.; not properly applied to children ([etym.] ἔκγονοι) in relation to their parents, and so opp. ἔκγονοι in Is.8.30, v. συγγένεια 1 (but cf. And.1.17);

τοῖς συγγενέσι τὰ τοῦ συγγενοῦς ψηφίζεσθαι Is.4.23

.

c τὸ σ.,= συγγένεια, kindred, relationship, A.Pr. 291 (anap.), S.El. 1469, Th.3.82, etc.; also, the spirit of one's race, Pi.P.10.12, N.6.8; εἰ τούτῳ προσήκει Λαΐῳ τι ς. if he had any connexion with him, S.OT 814; of tribes, κατὰ τὸ ξ. Th.1.95.

2 metaph., akin, cognate, of like kind,

τοὺς τρόπους οὐ συγγενής Ar.Eq. 1280

(troch.), cf. Th. 574; ξυγγενὴς ὁ κύσθος αὐτῆς θητέρᾳ (for τῷ τῆς ἑτέρας) Id.Ach. 789; freq. in Pl., [

ἡ ψυχὴ] σ. οὖσα τῷ θείῳ R. 611e

;

τῇ πολεμικῇ σ. ἡ πάλη Lg. 814d

;

τοῖς.. λόγοις τὴν αἰτίαν συγγενῆ δεῖ νομίζειν Arist.GA 788b9

, cf. Rh. 1398a21 ([comp] Comp.): rarely c. gen., νοῦς αἰτίας ς. Pl.Phlb. 31a, cf. Phd. 79d, R. 403a, 487a: abs., σ. τιμωρίαι fitting, proper punishments, Lycurg.122 (but prob. f.l. for εὐγ-) ; συγγενῆ things of the same kind, homogeneous, Arist. APo. 76a1;

τὰ σ. καὶ τὰ ὁμοειδῆ Id.Rh. 1405a35

;

σ. τέχναι Stoic.2.30

; ἐν γαίῃ μὲν σῶμα τὸ ς. its congener, IG9(1).882.7 (Corc<*>ra). Adv.,

συγγενῶς ἔρχεσθαι Pl.Lg. 897c

;

σ. τρέχων Πλάτωνι Alex.1

(codd. D.L.); τὰ σ. εἰρημένα to similar effect, Phld.Mus. p.92K.

III συγγενής represented a title bestowed at the Persian court by the king as a mark of honour, 'cousin', X.Cyr.1.4.27, 2.2.31, D.S.16.50; also at the Ptolemaic and Seleucid courts, OGI104.2 (Delos, ii B.C.), al., BGU1741.12 (i B.C.), LXX 1 Ma.10.89; οἱ σ. τῶν κατοίκων ἱππέων prob. a category of nobles among the κάτοικοι, PTeb.61 (b). 79 (ii B.C.);

συγγενεῖς κάτοικοι UPZ14.8

(ii B.C.).

δωρεά, ᾶς, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins [e.g. Res Gestae of Caesar Augustus ch. 15 ‘grant’], pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph.; Ath., R. 67, 6; loanw. in rabb.) that which is given or transferred freely by one pers. to another, gift, bounty, of God (Pla., Leg. 2, 672a; Diod S 3, 47, 3; Athen. 15, 48, 693d τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ δωρεάν; Herm. Wr. 4, 5; Philo, Poster. Cai. 81 δωρεαὶ … τ. θεοῦ καλαὶ πᾶσαι; Jos., Ant. 3, 223) J 4:10; Ac 8:20. Pl. 1 Cl 19:2; 23:2; 32:1; 35:4; δ. διδόναι (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; SIG 1118, 3; Tat.; Mel., P. 88, 665; 90, 674) Ac 11:17. ἀντιλέγειν τῇ δ. τοῦ θεοῦ oppose the gift of God ISm 7:1. W. χάρις (Demosth. 21, 172; Polyb. 1, 31, 6; Diod S 3, 73, 6; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 26; Jos., Ant. 5, 54 θεοῦ χ. καὶ δ.) Ro 5:17; MPol 20:2; τῆς δ. πνευματικῆς χάριν λαμβάνειν receive the favor of the spiritual gift B 1:2; ἡ δ. ἐν χάριτι the gift given in generosity Ro 5:15; ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ δ. for the indescribable gift 2 Cor 9:15; δ. ἐπουράνιος the heavenly gift Hb 6:4. W. gen. δ. τοῦ πνεύματος receive the Spirit as a gift Ac 2:38; cp. 10:45. ἡ ἔμφυτος δ. τῆς διδαχῆς B 9:9; δ. δικαιοσύνης the gift of uprightness Ro 5:17; δ. τῆς χάριτος the gift of grace Eph 3:7. κατὰ τὸ μέτρον τῆς δ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ acc. to the measure that Christ has given 4:7.—For the acc. δωρεάν used as adv., s. next entry.—DDunn, ET 81, ’69/70, 349–51; RAC X 685–703.—DELG s.v. δίδωμι B. M-M. TW.

καθώς adv. (its use strongly opposed by Phryn. p. 425 Lob.; Aristot.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 158 al.; Ar.; Just., A I, 51, 6; Tat. 33, 3) marker

① of comparison, just as, w. οὕτως foll. (just) as … so Lk 11:30; 17:26; J 3:14; 2 Cor 1:5; 10:7; Col 3:13; 1J 2:6; 1 Cl 20:6; Hs 9, 4, 1. κ. … ὁμοίως as … so, likewise Lk 6:31. κ. … ταῦτα J 8:28; τὰ αὐτὰ … κ. 1 Th 2:14. κ. … καί as … so or so also J 15:9; 17:18; 20:21; 1J 2:18; 4:17; 1 Cor 15:49. οὕτως καθώς just as Lk 24:24. Freq. the demonstrative is omitted: ποιήσαντες κ. συνέταξεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς they did as Jesus had directed them Mt 21:6; cp. 28:6; Mk 16:7; Lk 1:2, 55, 70; 11:1; J 1:23; 5:23; Ac 15:8; Ro 1:13; 15:7; 1 Cor 8:2; 10:6; 2 Cor 1:14; 9:3; 11:12; Eph 4:17; Hm 12, 2, 5; 1 Cl 16:2. As a formula κ. γέγραπται as it is written (cp. Sb 7532, 16 [74 B.C.] καθὰ γέγραπται) Mt 26:24; Mk 1:2; 9:13; 14:21; Lk 2:23; Ac 15:15; Ro 1:17; 2:24; 3:4, 10; 4:17; 8:36 and very oft. in Paul. See s.v. καθάπερ and cp. κ. προείρηκεν Ro 9:29. κ. διδάσκω as I teach 1 Cor 4:17. καθὼς εἶπον ὑμῖν J 10:26 v.l. καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ γραφή J 7:38. The accompanying clause is somet. to be supplied fr. the context: κ. παρεκάλεσά σε (POxy 1299, 9 καθὼς ἐνετειλάμην σοι= [act, do] as I have instructed you) 1 Ti 1:3; cp. Gal 3:6. ἤρξατο αἰτεῖσθαι (ἵνα ποιήσῃ αὐτοῖς) κ. ἐποίει αὐτοῖς as he was accustomed to do for them Mk 15:8. ἰάθη Σαλώμη καθὼς προσεκύνησεν Salome was healed in accordance with her prayer GJs 20:3. In combination w. εἶναι: ὀψόμεθα αὐτὸν κ. ἐστιν we will see him (just) as he is 1J 3:2, in the sense of ποῖος ‘as’ J 6:58; 14:27 (s. HLjungvik, Eranos 62, ’64, 34f). κ. ἀληθῶς ἐστιν as it actually is 1 Th 2:13. Somet. an expression may be condensed to such an extent that opposites are compared ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους οὐ κ. Κάϊν 1J 3:11f. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος … οὐ κ. ἔφαγον οἱ πατέρες quite different from that which the fathers ate J 6:58. In compressed speech, to introduce a quotation, e.g. εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν …, κ. εἴρηκεν (after Ps 94:11) in the rest … of which God has said Hb 4:3; 8:5 (s. HLjungvik, Eranos 62, ’64, 36f).

② of extent or degree to which, as, to the degree that (Num 26:54; Ar. 2, 1; 4, 1) κ. ἠδύναντο ἀκούειν so far as they were able to understand Mk 4:33. κ. εὐπορεῖτό τις each according to each one’s (financial) ability Ac 11:29. κ. βούλεται (just) as the Spirit chooses (NRSV) 1 Cor 12:11; cp. vs. 18. κ. ἔλαβεν χάρισμα to the degree that one has received a gift 1 Pt 4:10. Cp. Ac 2:4; 1 Cor 15:38.

③ of cause, since, in so far as, esp. as a conjunction beginning a sentence (B-D-F §453, 2; Rob. 968; 1382) J 17:2; Ro 1:28; 1 Cor 1:6; 5:7; Eph 1:4; 4:32; Phil 1:7.

④ of temporality, as, when. The temporal mng. of κ. is disputed, but seems well established (2 Macc 1:31; 2 Esdr 15:6; EpArist 310; s. ὡς 8); κ. (v.l. ὡς) ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος when the time came near Ac 7:17 (EpArist 236 καθὼς εὔκαιρον ἐγένετο).

⑤ After verbs of saying it introduces indirect discourse (=ὡς, πῶς) Συμεὼν ἐξηγήσατο, κ. ὁ θεὸς ἐπεσκέψατο S. has related how God visited Ac 15:14. μαρτυρούντων σου τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, κ. σὺ ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ περιπατεῖς who testify to your truth, namely how you walk in the truth 3J 3.—M-M.

κολλάω aor. ἐκόλλησα LXX; pf. κεκόλληκα Job 38:38. Pass.: 1 fut. κολληθήσομαι Mt 19:5; 1 aor. ἐκολλήθην; pf. pass. κεκόλλημαι LXX (κόλλα ‘glue’; Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Diod S, Plut., ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 18 [Stone p. 54]; Test12Patr; AscIs 97; EpArist 97; Philo) gener. ‘join together.’

① to join closely together, bind closely, unite τινά τινι someone with or to someone; fig. extension of the lit. mng. ‘to glue’ or ‘join’ substances, act. ἡ ἀγάπη κολλᾷ ἡμᾶς τῷ θεῷ love unites us w. God 1 Cl 49:5. ἡ νουθέτησις … κολλᾷ ἡμᾶς τῷ θελήματι τοῦ θεοῦ admonition unites us w. God’s will 56:2.

② to be closely associated, cling to, attach to, pass. most freq. in act. sense

ⓐ cling (closely) to someth.

α. lit. τινί (Job 29:10) of stones ἐκολλῶντο ἀλλήλοις they were joined Hv 3, 2, 6. Of dust: τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν the dust of your city that clings to us Lk 10:11.

β. fig. cling to = come in close contact with (cp. Ps 21:16; 43:26 ἐκολλήθη εἰς γῆν ἡ γαστὴρ ἡμῶν. The act.=‘bring into contact’ PGM 5, 457 κολλήσας τ. λίθον τῷ ὠτίῳ) ἐκολλήθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ἄχρι τ. οὐρανοῦ the sins have touched the heaven = reached the sky (two exprs. are telescoped) Rv 18:5.

γ. fig. of the Spirit, which is (closely) joined to the flesh 2 Cl 14:5.

ⓑ join oneself to, join, cling to, associate with

α. of a pers., w. dat. of thing κολλήθητι τῷ ἅρματι τούτῳ Ac 8:29 (a rendering like stick to this chariot suggests the imagery).—W. dat. of pers. (which may very rarely be replaced w. a prepositional constr. [AscIs 3:1 πρὸς αὐτόν but τῷ Μανασσῇ, cp. Tob 6:19 εἰ αὐτήν S, αὐτῇ BA]) 1 Cl 30:3; cp. 46:1. τοῖς εἰρηνεύουσι 15:1. τοῖς ἁγίοις 46:2 (quot. of unknown orig.); Hv 3, 6, 2; Hs 8, 8, 1. τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ θεοῦ 9, 20, 2; 9, 26, 3. τοῖς δικαίοις 8, 9, 1. τοῖς ἀθῴοις κ. δικαίοις 1 Cl 46:4. τοῖς διψύχοις καὶ κενοῖς the doubters and the senseless Hm 11:13. τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις B 10:8; cp. 10:3ff. Also μετά τινος (cp. Ruth 2:8) 10:11; 19:2, 6; D 3:9. τῷ κυρίῳ join oneself to the Lord (cp. 4 Km 18:6; Sir 2:3; on this vs. and 6:16 below s. SPorter, ETL 67, ’91, 104f: economic connotation; cp. Lk 15:15 below) 1 Cor 6:17; Hm 10, 1, 6. τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ be joined to his wife Mt 19:5 (cp. Vi. Aesopi G 30 P. p. 46, 14, where a woman says to Aesop: μή μοι κολλῶ=don’t come too near me; 1 Esdr 4:20; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 50). τῇ πόρνῃ join oneself to a prostitute 1 Cor 6:16 (cp. Sir 19:2). Associate with on intimate terms, join Ac 5:13; 9:26; 10:28 (CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, 159f). Become a follower or disciple of someone (cp. 2 Km 20:2; 1 Macc 3:2; 6:21) 17:34. Hire oneself out to someone Lk 15:15 (JHarrill, JBL 115, ’96, 714–17, “he was indentured”). Have someth. to do with: lying spirits Hm 11:4.

β. of impers. things: of anger ὅταν κολληθῇ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ when it attaches itself to a pers. Hm 10, 2, 3. Also of punishment Hs 6, 5, 3.

ⓒ w. dat. of thing cling to, enter into a close relation w. (Ps 118:31; TestIss 6:1, Dan 6:10 τ. δικαιοσύνῃ, Gad 5:2) ταῖς δωρεαῖς cling to the gifts 1 Cl 19:2. τῷ ἀγαθῷ be attached or devoted to what is good Ro 12:9; B 20:2; D 5:2 (cp. TestAsh 3:1 τῇ ἀγαθότητι). τῇ εὐλογίᾳ cling to the blessing 1 Cl 31:1. κρίσει δικαίᾳ B 20:2.—DELG s.v. κόλλα. M-M. TW.

λύχνος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob; TestSim 8:4; ParJer 9:14 [Christ.]; Just., D. 10, 1) lamp (of metal or clay [Artem. 2, 9 p. 96, 20f λύχνος χαλκοῦς, ὀστράκινος].—Oil-burning: Posidonius: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; Diod S 1, 34, 11; Chariton 1, 1, 15; PGM 7, 359–64. S. λυχνία.—λυχνία beside λύχνος: Artem. 1, 74 p. 67, 12; IKos 36d, 7; 8; TestAbr B p. 109, 19 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 32:9; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 296 καίεσθαι λύχνους ἐπὶ τῆς λυχνίας; Jos., Bell. 7, 429, Ant. 3, 182; 199)

ⓐ lit. Lk 11:36; GPt 5:18. φῶς λύχνου (Chariton 1, 1, 15; M. Ant. 12, 15) light of a lamp Rv 22:5; cp. 18:23; ἔρχεται ὁ λ. a lamp is brought in Mk 4:21; καίειν λ. Mt 5:15 (Paus. 3, 17, 8 τὸν καιόμενον λύχνον). λ. ἅπτειν light a lamp (ἅπτω 1.—As a symbol of someth. out of place Paroem. Gr.: Diogenian 6, 27 λ. ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ ἅπτειν. Likew. an unknown comic poet: Fgm. 721 K.) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. φαί̣ν̣[ων] οὐ λύχνῳ illumined without a lamp AcPl Ha 3, 28f.—Use of the lamp as a symbol: ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν … οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι Lk 12:35 (Artem. 2, 9 λ. καιόμενος); cp. D 16:1. The Baptist as ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος κ. φαίνων J 5:35 (of Christ ὁ ἄσβεστος λ. ParJer 9:14). The believers are to pay attention to the prophetic word ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι 2 Pt 1:19 (cp. Ps 118:105 λύχνος … ὁ λόγος σοῦ).

ⓑ as metaph. (Lycophron vs. 422 λύχνοι are the eyes as vs. 846 λαμπτήρ an eye) ὁ λ. τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός the lamp of the body is the eye Mt 6:22; Lk 11:34 (FSchwencke, ZWT 55, 1913, 251–60; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 97–116; 177–201; BBacon, Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 275–88; JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 189–207; GSchneider, Das Bildwort von der Lampe etc., ZNW 61, ’70, 183–209.—Further lit. s.v. ἁπλοῦς). Of the Spirit of God λ. ἐρευνῶν τὰ ταμιεῖα τῆς γαστρός 1 Cl 21:2 (Pr 20:27 A). Of the heavenly Jerusalem ὁ λ. αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον Rv 21:23.—KGalling, D. Beleuchtungsgeräte im isr.-jüd. Kulturgebiet: ZDPV 46, 1923, 1–50; RSmith, BA 27, ’64, 1–31, 101–24; 29, ’66, 2–27.—B. 484; Pauly-W. XIII 1566ff; Kl. Pauly III 478ff. OEANE III 326–30. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

μερίζω (μέρος) Att. fut. μεριῶ 1 Cl 16:13; LXX; 1 aor. ἐμέρισα; pf. μεμέρικα; 1 aor. mid. inf. μερίσασθαι. Pass.: 1 fut. μερισθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐμερίσθην; pf. μεμέρισμαι (‘divide, separate’ X.+)

① to separate into parts, divide

ⓐ of an amount of money, mid. μερίζεσθαί τι μετά τινος share someth. with someone (Demosth. 34, 18; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 169 τὶ πρός τινα) Lk 12:13.

ⓑ of pers. or states, act. and pass., transf. sense

α. divide (Mel., P. 56, 407 ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ τοῦ θανάτου μεριζόμενος; Tat. 26, 2 μερίζοντες τὴν σοφίαν; Procop. Soph., Ep. 17 ψυχὴ μεριζομένη) μεμέρισται ὁ Χριστός; has Christ been divided? 1 Cor 1:13 (GWhitaker, Chrysostom on 1 Cor 1:13: JTS 15, 1914, 254–57). Divide ὑμᾶς IMg 6:2. βασιλεία, πόλις, οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθʼ ἑαυτῆς a kingdom, city, family divided against itself, disunited Mt 12:25. ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν ἐμερίσθη he is disunited vs. 26; cp. Mk 3:24–26. Abs. ὁ γαμήσας μεμέρισται the married man (i.e., his attention) is divided, since he tries to please the Lord and his wife at the same time 1 Cor 7:34.

β. take a part (from a whole), separate μερίσας … ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ χριστοῦ ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας (God) took a portion of the spirit of Christ and dispatched it into the prophets AcPlCor 2:10.

② to make an allotment

ⓐ distribute τί τισιν someth. to some people (PTebt 302, 12; POxy 713, 29; Pr 19:14; Just., D. 104, 2 ἐμέρισαν ἑαυτοῖς … τὰ ἱμάτια; cp. A I, 35, 8 ἐμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς [διεμερίσαντο Mt 27:35]) τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας πᾶσιν Mk 6:41. Without dat. τῶν ἰσχυρῶν μεριεῖ σκῦλα he will distribute the spoils of the strong 1 Cl 16:13 (Is 53:12).

ⓑ deal out, assign, apportion τί τινι someth. to someone (Polyb. 11, 28, 9; Diod S 13, 22, 8 μ. τινὶ τὸν ἔλεον; UPZ 19, 20 [163 B.C.]; 146, 38; Sb 8139, 19f [ins I B.C., of Isis] πᾶσι μερίζεις, οἷσι θέλεις, ζωὴν παντοδαπῶν ἀγαθῶν; PGM 13, 635 μέρισόν μοι ἀγαθά; Sir 45:20; ApcMos 15; EpArist 224 [θεός]) ἑκάστῳ μέτρον πίστεως Ro 12:3. κατὰ τὸ μέτρον τοῦ κανόνος οὗ ἐμέρισεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς μέτρου according to the measure of the limit (or area) that God has assigned us 2 Cor 10:13. ᾧ δεκάτην ἀπὸ πάντων ἐμέρισεν Ἀβραάμ to whom Abraham apportioned a tenth of everything Hb 7:2. W. dat. of the pers. alone (En 27:4) ἑκάστῳ ὡς ἐμέρισεν (v.l. μεμέρικεν) ὁ κύριος 1 Cor 7:17.—DELG s.v. μείρομαι. M-M.

μεταμορφόω 1 aor. pass. μετεμορφώθην; pf. pass. ptc. μεταμεμορφωμένος (Diod S 4, 81, 5; Castor of Rhodes [50 B.C.]: 250 Fgm. 17 Jac. εἰς ἕτερα μεταμορφοῦσθαι σώματα; Plut., Mor. 52d al.; Athen. 8, 334c; Aelian, VH 1, 1; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 11; Herm. Wr. 16, 9; PGM 1, 117; 13, 70; Ps 33:1 Sym.; TestSol; AscIs 3:13; Philo, Mos. 1, 57, Leg. ad Gai. 95; Ar.; Tat. 10, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 42, 30; Theoph. Ant. 2, 6 [p. 108, 16]) ‘transform, change in form’ in our lit. only in pass.

① to change in a manner visible to others, be transfigured of Jesus, who took on the form of his heavenly glory Mt 17:2; Mk 9:2 (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 65, 17. Simon Magus claims that he came to save the world μεταμορφούμενον καὶ ἐξομοιούμενον ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις, καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις Iren. 1, 23, 3 [Harv. I 193, 4]; cp. 1QH 7:24).—RHartstock, Visionsberichte in den Syn. Evangelien: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 130–44; AvHarnack, SBBerlAk 1922, 62–80; ELohmeyer, ZNW 21, 1922, 185–215;UvWilamowitz, Red. u. Vorträge⁴ II 1926, 280–93: D. Verklärung Christi; JBernardin, The Transfiguration: JBL 52, ’33, 181–89; JBlinzler, D. ntl. Berichte üb. d. Verklärg. Jesu ’37; JHöller, D. Verkl. Jesu ’37; EDabrowski, La transfiguration de Jésus ’39; GHBoobyer, St. Mark and the Transfiguration Story ’42; HRiesenfeld, Jésus transfiguré ’47; HBaltensweiler, Die Verklärung Jesu ’59; SHirsch (βαπτίζω 2a). Of the transformation of raw material into a statue Dg 2:3.

② to change inwardly in fundamental character or condition, be changed, be transformed τὴν αὐτὴν εἰκόνα μεταμορφοῦσθαι be changed into the same form 2 Cor 3:18 (i.e. Christians progessively take on the perfection of Jesus Christ through the Spirit’s operation; on the acc. s. B-D-F §159, 4; Rob. 486; for the idea Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 262–65; cp. Seneca, Ep. 6, 1, esp. 94, 48). μὴ συσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός do not model yourselves after this age, but let yourselves be transformed by the renewing of your minds Ro 12:2 (in contrast to the process expressed in συσχηματίζω ‘model after’ and thus superior to what the world displays).—DELG s.v. μορφή. M-M. TW.

πλήρης, ες (Aeschyl., Hdt.+).

① pert. to containing within itself all that it will hold, filled, full

ⓐ of things

α. τινός with or of someth. (Diod S 2, 4, 2 λίμνη πλήρης ἰχθύων; Appian, Hann. 15 §66; PSI 422, 14 [III B.C.] ἡ γῆ ῥηγμῶν [fissures] πλ. ἐστίν; Num 7:26; Dt 6:11; Diog. L. 6, 37 πάντα ἐστὶ αὐτοῦ [= θεοῦ] πλήρη) baskets κλασμάτων πλ. full of pieces Mk 8:19; cp. 6:43 v.l. A vineyard βοτανῶν πλ. full of weeds Hs 5, 2, 3. Of a mountain ἀκανθῶν καὶ τριβόλων πλ. 9, 1, 5; πηγῶν πλ. vs. 8. Trees καρπῶν πλ. 9, 28, 1. πλήρης πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις τ. δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 34:6 (Is 6:3). εἰς συναγωγὴν πλήρη ἀνδρῶν δικαίων Hm 11:14.

β. abs. ἑπτὰ σπυρίδες πλήρεις Mt 15:37; cp. 14:20 (GrBar 15:2 τἀ κανίσκια πλήρη). Of jars Hm 12, 5, 3ab.—ἐκ πλήρους (SIG 1104, 21 ἐποίησεν ἐκ πλήρους τὰ δίκαια; PTebt 106, 20 [II B.C.]; 281, 22; BGU 584, 6 and oft. in pap=‘in [the] full [amount]’. Acc. to CTurner, JTS 21, 1920, 198, note 1 this is a Latinism for ‘in pleno’) in full, in all fullness τι ἐκ πλ. Hv 2, 2, 6.

ⓑ of persons, w. gen. ἀνὴρ πλήρης λέπρας Lk 5:12 (=all covered w. it, as 4 Km 7:15; Is 1:15). Mostly full of a power, gift, feeling, characteristic quality, etc. (Eur., El. 384; Pla., Plt. 310d; Jos., Vi. 192 πλ. συνέσεως; Just., D. 93, 2.—Procop. Soph., Ep. 68 πλ. τοῦ θεοῦ) πλ. πνεύματος ἁγίου Lk 4:1; Ac 7:55. πλ. πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ πίστεως 11:24; cp. 6:5. πλ. πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας vs. 3. πλ. χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας J 1:14 (s. this entry, end). πλ. χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως Ac 6:8. πλ. τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ MPol 7:3. πλ. ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. πάσης κακίας πλ. 1 Cl 45:7 (Maximus Tyr. 34, 3a πλ. κακῶν. Similarly Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 19 §69, who calls the murderers of Caesar φόνου πλήρεις). πλ. παντὸς δόλου Ac 13:10 (πλήρης δόλου Sir 1:30; 19:26; Jer 5:27). γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦ 19:28 (cp. Petosiris, Fgm. 21, ln. 29 πλῆρες τὸ ἀγαθὸν γενήσεται). πλ. ἁμαρτιῶν (cp. Is 1:4) Hs 9, 23, 4. πλ. πάσης ἁπλότητος Hv 1, 2, 4.—Of a heart (cp. 2 Ch 15:17; 1 Esdr 1:21) πλ. εἰδωλολατρίας B 16:7.— Surfeited (with) πλ. εἰμὶ ὁλοκαυτωμάτων I am surfeited with whole burnt offerings B 2:5 (Is 1:11).

② pert. to being complete and w. nothing lacking, complete, full, in full (Hdt. et al.; LXX; AssMos Fgm. e, Denis p. 65) μισθὸς πλ. (X., An. 7, 5, 5; Ruth 2:12. πλ. is a favorite word in the pap for a sum that is complete) 2J 8. πλ. σῖτος fully ripened grain (cp. the ‘fully developed’ στάχυες Gen 41:7, 22, 24) Mk 4:28 v.l. (other mss. πλήρης σῖτον, πλήρη ς.). νηστεία πλ. a complete fast Hs 5, 1, 3. πλ. πνεύματος ἔκχυσις a full outpouring of the Spirit 1 Cl 2:2.—Of persons who are complete in a certain respect or who possess someth. fully πλ. ἔν τινι: ἐν τούτοις πλ. 2 Cl 16:4. πλ. ἐν τῇ πίστει Hm 5, 2, 1; 12, 5, 4.—In some of the passages already mentioned πλήρης is indecl., though never without v.l., and almost only when it is used w. a gen., corresponding to an Engl. expression such as ‘a work full of errors’: τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ … πλήρης (referring to αὐτοῦ) χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας J 1:14 (cp. CTurner, JTS 1, 1900, 120ff; 561f). ἄνδρα πλήρης πίστεως Ac 6:5 (v.l. πλήρη). It is found as an itacistic v.l. in Mk 8:19; Ac 6:3, 5; 19:28, and without a gen. 2J 8 v.l. (s. N.²⁵ app.). Examples of this use of πλήρης w. the gen. are found fr. the second century B.C., and fr. the first century A.D. on it is frequently found in colloq. H.Gk.: PLeid C II, 14 (160 B.C.). Wooden tablet fr. Egypt fr. the time of Augustus in RevArch 29, 1875, 233f=Sb 3553, 7; BGU 707, 15; POxy 237 IV, 14 (all three II A.D.); Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 9 (II/III A.D.); En 21:7. S. the exx. in Crönert 179, 4 and also s. Mayser 63f (w. lit.); 297; Dssm., LO 99f (LAE 125ff); Thackeray 176f; Reinhold 53; Borger, GGA 139 (lit.); B-D-F §137, 1; Mlt. 50; Rob. 275f.—B. 931. Frisk. M-M. TW.

προφητεία, ας, ἡ (προφήτης; Lucian, Alex. 40; 60; Heliod. 1, 22, 7; 1, 33, 2; 2, 27, 1; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 [prophetic office]; CIG 2880, 4–6; 2881, 4; 5; OGI 494, 8f; PTebt 294, 8; 295, 10; LXX, Test12Patr; AscIs 3:21 and 31; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath. 9, 2)

① act of interpreting divine will or purpose, prophetic activity αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς προφητείας αὐτῶν Rv 11:6. μισθοὺς λαμβάνει τῆς προφητείας αὐτοῦ he accepts pay for his activity as prophet Hm 11:12.

② the gift of interpreting divine will or purpose, gift of prophesying (Iren. 1, 13, 4 [Harv. I 120, 4]), of Rahab 1 Cl 12:8. Of Christians Ro 12:6; 1 Cor 12:10; 13:2, 8 v.l.; 14:22. The pl. of various kinds and grades of prophetic gifts 13:8; 1 Th 5:20 (here mng. 3b is also prob.). τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πρ. the spirit of prophecy Rv 19:10.

③ the utterance of one who interprets divine will or purpose, prophecy (Jos., Ant. 9, 119; Just., D. 30, 2; 54, 2 al. Of the Sibyl: Theoph. Ant. 2, 36 [p. 190, 10]).

ⓐ of OT inspired statement (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 51, 23; Hippol., Ref. 6, 19, 7; Theoph. Ant. 3, 25 [p. 256, 20]) ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαί̈ου Mt 13:14 (Just.. D. 50, 2 al.). αἱ προφητεῖαι beside ὁ νόμος Μωσέως (Μωϋσέως is better; s. Bihlmeyer p. xxxvi) ISm 5:1. Gener. of OT sayings 2 Pt 1:20f (but P⁷² appears to distinguish prophecy and OT writing: προφητεία καὶ γραφή); B 13:4 (Gen. 48:11; Just., A I, 54, 7 Μωϋσέως).

ⓑ of inspired statements by Christian prophets ἐν προφητείᾳ in the form of a prophetic saying 1 Cor 14:6; 1 Th 5:20 (s. 2 above); 1 Ti 1:18; 4:14. οἱ λόγοι τῆς πρ. the words of the prophecy Rv 1:3. οἱ λόγοι τῆς πρ. τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου the words of prophecy in this book 22:7, 10, 18. οἱ λόγ. τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς πρ. ταύτης the words of this book of prophecy vs. 19.—DELG s.v. φημί II A. M-M. TW.