-
41 noyer
I.noyer1 [nwaje]masculine noun( = arbre) walnut tree ; ( = bois) walnutII.noyer2 [nwaje]➭ TABLE 81. transitive verbto drown ; [+ moteur] to flood• quelques bonnes idées noyées dans des détails inutiles a few good ideas lost in a mass of irrelevant detail2. reflexive verb* * *
I
1. nwaje1) ( tuer) to drown [personne, animal]2) ( inonder) to flood [village, champ]3) ( mettre trop de liquide) to flood [moteur]; to drown [pastis, whisky]; to douse [feu, incendie]noyer son chagrin or sa peine dans l'alcool — to drown one's sorrows (in drink)
4) (accabler, étourdir)5) ( faire disparaître)noyer une idée dans quelque chose — to lose ou bury an idea in something
6) Art to blend [couleurs]; to merge [contours]
2.
se noyer verbe pronominal1) ( accidentellement) to drown; ( volontairement) to drown oneself2) figmes cris se sont noyés dans le brouhaha général — my shouts were drowned (out) in the general hubbub
••
II nwajenom masculin1) ( arbre) walnut (tree)2) ( bois) walnut* * *
I nwaje nm1) (= arbre) walnut tree, walnut2) (= bois) walnut
II nwaje vt1) (= tuer) [personne, animal] to drown2) (= inonder) [endroit] to flood3) AUTOMOBILES, [moteur] to flood4) (= plonger) to submerge* * *noyer verb table: employerA nm1 ( arbre) walnut (tree);B vtr2 ( inonder) to flood [village, champ, mine];3 ( mettre trop de liquide) to flood [moteur]; to drown [pastis, whisky]; to douse [feu, incendie]; noyer son chagrin or sa peine dans l'alcool hum to drown one's sorrows;4 (accabler, étourdir) noyer qn sous une multitude de renseignements to swamp sb with a mass of information; noyer qn sous un flot de paroles to talk sb' s head off;5 ( faire disparaître) noyer une idée dans qch to lose ou bury an idea in sth; noyer une révolte dans le sang to spill blood in quashing a revolt;6 Tech ( intégrer) to embed [armature]; ( mettre à niveau) to countersink [vis, clou]; noyer une poutrelle dans du béton to embed a girder in concrete;C se noyer vpr1 ( accidentellement) to drown; ( volontairement) to drown oneself; noyé en mer drowned at sea; mourir noyé to die by drowning;2 ( pour oublier) se noyer dans les plaisirs to throw oneself into a life of mindless enjoyment;3 ( disparaître) se noyer dans la foule to get swallowed up in the crowd; mes cris se sont noyés dans le brouhaha général my shouts were drowned in the general hubbub; quelques acteurs connus noyés dans la foule some well-known actors lost in the crowd;4 ( être dépassé) to get bogged down (dans in); se noyer dans des détails to get bogged down in details.se noyer dans un verre d'eau to make a mountain out of a molehill.I[nwaje] nom masculin1. [arbre] walnut (tree)2. [bois] walnutII[nwaje] verbe transitif1. [personne, animal] to drown[moteur, vallée] to floodnoyer une sédition/mutinerie dans le sang to bloodily suppress a revolt/mutinyqui veut noyer son chien l'accuse de la rage (proverbe) give a dog a bad name (and hang him) (proverbe)2. [faire disparaître]————————se noyer verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)[se suicider] to drown oneself————————se noyer verbe pronominal intransitif[accidentellement] to drown————————se noyer dans verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [se plonger dans] to bury ou to absorb oneself in2. [s'empêtrer dans] to get tangled up ou bogged down ou trapped invous vous noyez dans des considérations hors sujet you're getting tangled up in ou lost in a series of side issues -
42 ἀστακός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `the smooth lobster' (Philyll.), 2. `hollow of the ear' (Poll.).Other forms: ὀστακός (Aristom.; acc. to Ath. 3, 105b Attic)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally seen as `with bones', a k-derivation of the n-stem in Skt. asthán-, asthn- (nom. ásthi, s. ὀστέον); so *ostn̥-kó-s. One compared Skt. an-ástha + ka- `without bones', but this is irrelevant: it is a Sanskrit compound with a suffix productive in that language. Nor does MInd. aṭṭhi-taco `lobster' \< * asthi-tvacas- `with bony skin' prove anything for Greek. The etymology dates from the time that a Greek word had to be IE. The formation is unparallelled, the assimilation not very probable (beside ὀστέον). Rather a substr. word with α\/ο-. Fur. 137 etc. - Cf. ὀστέον and ἀστράγαλος, ὄστρακον.Page in Frisk: 1,169Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀστακός
-
43 ἵστημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `set, position oneself, make stand' (Il.)Other forms: Dor. ἵστᾱμι, med. ἵσταμαι, aor. στῆσαι, στήσασθαι, fut. στήσω, aor. pass. σταθῆναι (Od.), fut. σταθήσομαι (Att.); intr. aor. στῆναι with fut. στήσομαι, perf. ἕστηκα.Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. ἱστός, σταθμός, σταμῖνες, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη, στήμων, στοά etc.; s. also στάμνος, σταυρός.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] * steh₂- -stand, set'Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist ἔ-στη-ν agrees exactly Skt. á-sthā-m, IE *h₁é-steh₂-m. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive σ-aorist ἔ-στη-σ-α like ἔ-φῡ-σ-α beside ἔ-φῡ-ν a. o.; the intrans. future στή-σομαι, was originally built to ἔ-στη-ν, but was associated with the σ-aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present ἵ-στη-μι is limited to Greek; cf. τί-θη-μι, ἵ-η-μι, βί-βη-μι; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. tí-ṣṭh-ati `stands' (*- sth₂-e-ti), Lat. si-st-it. The intr. perf. ἕ-στη-κ-α, pl. ἕ-στᾰ-μεν is excep for the κ-enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. ta-stháu, pl. ta-sthi-má, Lat. ste-ti-mus an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective στᾰ-τός (Il.) = Skt. sthĭ-tá- `standing', Lat. stă-tus, OWNo. sta-ðr stc, IE * sth₂tos. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. stō \< *stā-i̯ō = Lith. stō-ju, OCS sta-jǫ, Germ., e. g. OS OHG stān, stēn ` stehen' after gān, gēn ` gehen'), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. stō etc. S. also ἱστάνω.Page in Frisk: 1,739Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵστημι
-
44 κλάδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `branch, twig, sprout' (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic κλαδ- in κλαδ-ί, κλάδ-α, - ας and of an s-stem in κλάδεσι, - έεσσι, - έων (after δένδρεσι etc.?);Compounds: Compp., e. g. ὀλιγό-κλαδος (Thphr.), κλαδο-τομέω (pap.).Derivatives: Diminut. κλάδιον (Lib., pap.) and κλαδίσκος (Gal.); κλαδεών (Orph.), κλαδών (H.) = κλάδος; κλαδώδης `full of branches' (sch., Eust.), κλάδινος = rameus (Gloss.). Denomin. verb κλαδεύω `cut off branches, clip' (Artem.; - έω Arr.) with κλάδευσις (Aq., Sm., Gp.), κλαδεία (Gp.) `cutting off..., clipping', κλαδευτήρια pl. `pruned leaves' (Gloss.), κλαδευτής `pruner' (Gloss.), κλαδευτήριον, - ια `pruning knife, -festival' (H.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One often connects * kelh₂- `cut off' (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for ` Holz, Wald', OIc. OE holt n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. *kl̥do- must be accidental, and there is no root * kel- without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes *kl̥h₂d- [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form * klǝd- is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be *kl̥h₂d- which would have given *κλᾱδος. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with κλάω `break off' (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of κλάδος is the δ-formation of κλαδαρός `invalid' (s. v.); further καλαδία ἑυκάνη (= `plane') H. [LSJ gives ῥυκάνη (`plane-tree'); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. clādēs `damage etc.', but this requires * klh₂d-, which is impossible for Greek ; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. klada, Russ. kolodá `beam, block, trunk', on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with κλάδος κλών, κλῶναξ, with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the δ; cf. κλῶναξ κλάδος H. Further Pok. 546f..Page in Frisk: 1,864-865Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλάδος
-
45 κοναβέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `dinn, ring, clash, resound.'Other forms: aor. κοναβῆσαι (Hom., Hes.), κοναβίζω (Il., Orph.; only ipf.; on the metrically conditioned use of the diff. forms Schwyzer 105 a. 736, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 340 u. 350)Compounds: PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Derivatives: Beside it, prob. as backformation, κόναβος m. `clang, clash' (κ 122, A. Th. 160 [lyr.]); κοναβηδόν `with clattering' (AP). Endig as in ἀραβέω ( ἄραβος), ὀτοβέω ( ὄτοβος), θορυβέω ( θόρυβος) a. o. (Chantraine Formation 260, Schwyzer 496); the beginning recalls καναχή, κόμπος (but this is irrelevant for the etym.). - Fur. 343 assumes a Pre-Greek sound-word.Etymology: Die weitere Analyse dieses lautnachahmenden Wortes bleibt offen.Page in Frisk: 1,910Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοναβέω
-
46 κορδύ̄λη
κορδύ̄ληGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `tumour, swelling' (Semon. 35, EM); name of a hairdress = Att. κρωβύλος (Kreon ap. Sch. Ar. Nu. 10, EM); `club, κορύνη, ῥόπαλον' (H.). (Frisk notes that the meaning is the same as that of τύλη, which is irrelevant.)Other forms: also σκορδύλη (Arist.) and κορύδῡλις (Numen. ap. Ath.).Compounds: as 1. member (with syllable-dissimilation) in κορδυ-βαλλῶδες ( πέδον, Luc. Trag. 222) `pavimentum'; `younger tunny' (Str., cordȳla Plin., Mart., cordula Apic.; on the meaning Thompson Fishes s. v.).Derivatives: Denomin. ptc. ἐγκεκορδυλημένος `εντετυλιγμένος, rolled in, together' (Ar. Nu. 10). Formation as κανθύλη, σχενδύλη (Chantraine Formation 251), but further unclear. - The meaning `younger tunny' can go back on `club', s. Strömberg Fischnamen 36; on the variant with σκ- Schwyzer 334; whether κορύδυλις has an anaptyctic υ (Strömberg l. c.) or from connection with κόρυς a. rel., is diff. to say.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On the meaning s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 450. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 117f. assumes a cross of κόνδυλος with κόρυς, κορυφή, κόρση, resp. with κορύνη; such proposals are mostly incorrect. The connection with κόρδαξ, κραδάω (since Curtius) is semantically in the air; a basic meaning "turned" for κορδύλη in the sense of `τύλη, `a hairdress' (WP. 2, 567) is no less arbitrary. Still diff. Persson Beiträge 1, 166 n. 4 (to κόρθυς etc.). - The prothetic σ- and the suffix -ῡλ-, and the anaptyctic υ (Fur. 384), point to Pre-Greek. It nay have κορδ- from *καρδ- with ο \< α.Page in Frisk: 1,918Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορδύ̄λη
-
47 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
-
48 μίτυλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of αἴξ (Theoc. 8, 86), meaning uncertain, acc. to H. μίτυλον ἔσχατον, νήπιον. Λακεδαίμονες, μύτιλον ἔσχατον, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τὸν νεώτατον. οἱ δε καὶ τὸ ἀποβαῖνον ( ?) καὶ ὁ νήπιος καὶ ὁ νέος; see Leumann Gl. 32, 217 w. n. 6 (Kl. Schr. 244).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Usu. explained as `hornless' and connected with μιστύλλω (s.v.); through metathesis μύτιλος (cf. Schwyzer 268). If we follow the reverse interpretation, μύτιλος would be original (= Lat. mutilus, s. W.-Hofmann s.v.) and μίτυλος sec. Also an orig. *μύτυλος with dissimilation could be imagined; similar cases by Specht KZ 61, 277ff., also Schwyzer 258. The similarity with the PN Μυτιλήνη ( Μιτυλ-) is prob. irrelevant (cf. W.-Hofmann s. mūtulus).Page in Frisk: 2,246Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μίτυλος
-
49 πλευρά
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `rib(s), side of the body', metaph. `side of an area, of a geometrical figure, flank of an army' (Il.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. περί-πλευρος `going around the ribs, covering the sides' (E. in lyr.).Derivatives: Dimin. πλευρ-ία pl. (Hp., Delph. inscr.), - ιάς f. `side of an area' (Tab. Heracl.; after πεδι-άς a.o.; cf. Chantraine Form. 354); - ιαῖος `situated at the sides' (Boeot. inscr.), - ικός `belonging to the ribs' (sch.); - ίτης m. `connected to the ribs', designation of a bone of the spine (Poll.), - ῖτις ( νόσος) f. `pleurisy' (Hp., Ar.), also as pl.name = σκόρδιον (Ps.-Dsc.; because of the working, cf. Redard 75); - ώματα n. pl. = πλευρά (A.; poetic enlargement, Chantraine Form. 186); - ισμός m. meaning unclear, `dam'? (pap.); - ών, - ῶνος m. Aetol. PlN (Β 639 a.o.), Krahe ZONF 8, 159. -- Hypostasis παρα-πλευρ-ίδια n. pl. `side-armors' (X., Arr.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like νευρά a.o., so to be enalysed in πλε-υρ-ά, - όν (Benveniste Origines 112 f.). Without certain explanation. If origin. `side', one would like with Benveniste l.c. to connect with the root pelā- `broaden' ( πέλαγος, πλάξ, παλάμη a.o.). If however, what is much more probable, prop. `rib', this etymology is is irrelevant. Or prop. "what belongs at the side (*πλῆ-Ϝαρ)"? -- Older hypotheses in Bq (rejected).Page in Frisk: 2,559Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλευρά
-
50 Γραικός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: peoples name, "Greek" ( Marm. Par. IIIa, Arist. Mete. 352 b 2). Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Derivatives: Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Etymology: The name, prob. given to the Epirotic Dorians by their Illyrian neighbours, was taken over by the Italics and extended to all Hellenes. The use of the word in hellenistic literature is partly based on Lat. Graeci. - Without k-Suffix we have Lat. Graius, Messap. graias, grahis. The term may have come to Italy through the Etruscans, Ernout, R. Ph. 1962, 209-216. Perhaps the Epirotic name Γρᾶες was the basis; its origin is unknown. - See Schwyzer 80 Nr. 4 and 497 n. 7 and Jacobsohn KZ 55, 37, Kretschmer Glotta 30, 156f. - Γραική = Oropia (NE.-Attica), derived from Γραία, isirrelevant.. ( Γραῖκες = αἱ τῶν Έλλήνων μητέρες (Alcm. 134), from γραῦς after γυναῖκες, is also irrelevant.)Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Γραικός
См. также в других словарях:
Information overload — refers to excess amounts of information being provided, making the processing and absorbing tasks very difficult for the individual because we cannot see the validity behind the information (Yang, 2003 [Yang, C.C. (2003) Decision Support Systems … Wikipedia
Information — as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning,… … Wikipedia
Information manipulation theory — (IMT)( [http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/preview/0312259492/meetauthor.aspx McCornack] , 1992;( [http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/preview/0312259492/meetauthor.aspx McCornack] , [http://comm.msu.edu/people/faculty/149 Levine] , Torres, Campbell,… … Wikipedia
Information and media literacy — (IML) is as important as traditional reading and writing. Today’s students need to be information literate and media literate. Learning needs to be adapted to a “wired” society. The skills taught to students today will be irrelevant in a short… … Wikipedia
Information Processing Language — (IPL) is a programming language developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology from about 1956. Newell had the role of language specifier application programmer, Shaw was the… … Wikipedia
Irrelevant speech effect — articleissues citations missing = October 2008 refimprove = October 2008 expand = October 2008 tooshort = October 2008The irrelevant speech effect refers to the degradation of serial recall when speech sounds are presented, even if the list items … Wikipedia
Information repository — An information repository is an easy to deploy secondary tier of data storage that can comprise multiple, networked data storage technologies running on diverse operating systems, where data that no longer needs to be in primary storage is… … Wikipedia
Irrelevant — Relevanz steht für: Bedeutsamkeit, ein Maß für die Wichtigkeit einer Sache oder Information in der Realität Relevanz (Informationswissenschaft), die Bedeutung eines Dokuments für eine Suchanfrage Relevanz (Statistik), die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer … Deutsch Wikipedia
Independence of irrelevant alternatives — (IIA) is an axiom of decision theory and various social sciences. The word is used in different meanings in different contexts. Although they all attempt to provide a rational account of individual behavior or aggregation of individual… … Wikipedia
Freedom of Information Act (United States) — This article is about the U.S. federal law. For freedom of information in the fifty U.S., see Freedom of information in the United States. For freedom of information in other countries, see Freedom of information legislation. The Freedom of… … Wikipedia
Relevance (information retrieval) — In the context of information science and information retrieval, relevance denotes how well a retrieved set of documents (or a single document) meets the information need of the user. Topical relevance and other kinds of relevance Relevance most… … Wikipedia