graias

cingo, xi, nctum, 3, v. a. [cf. Gr kullos, kurtos;

Lat. curvus, and clingo,

Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 545 sq. ], to go round in a circle, to surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).

Prop

In gen.:

quid autem interius mente? Cingatur igitur corpore externo,

i. e. it must be enclosed in a body, Cic. N. D 1, 11, 27:

non enim coronà consessus vester cinctus est, ut solebat,

id. Mil. 1, 1; cf.:

judicium insolitā trepidum cinxere coronă,

Luc. 1, 321;

tris (navīs) Eurus... Inhdit vadis atque aggere cingit harenae,

Verg. A 1, 112: cincta serpentibus Hydra, id. ib 7, 658: pennae ritu coepere volucrum Cingere utrumque latus, to cover, Ov M. 6, 718, apio fasces et secto cingere porro, Col. 10, 371.—

Esp.

To surround the body with a girdle, to gird on (the sword), to gird; esp. freq in pass. with abl., to be girded, encircled with something. iam quasi zonā, liene cinctus ambulo, Plaut Curc. 2, 1, 5; Curt. 3, 3, 19; cf.:

cui lati clavi jus erit, ita cingatur, ut, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 138:

ut cingeretur fluxiore cincturā,

Suet. Caes. 45:

Hispano cingitur gladio,

Liv. 7, 10, 5; 38, 21, 13; Suet. Calig 49:

ferro,

id. Aug. 35: ense, Ov F. 2, 13: cingor fulgentibus armis, Verg A. 2, 749; 11, 188, 11, 536; his cingi telis, id ib. 2, 520: ense latus cingit, Ov F. 2, 784; cf. Stat. Th. 4, 41:

cinctas resolvite vestes, Ov M. 1, 382. filios balteis,

Vulg. Lev 8, 13.— Poet., in pass with acc. (cf. accingor, II., and Zumpt, Gr §

458): inutile ferrum Cingitur,

Verg. A. 2, 511: cinctaeque ad pectora vestes Bracchia docta movent, Ov M. 6, 59.—Without case: Syrinx, Ov M. 1, 695;

puer alte cinctus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, in late Lat. cinctus = armis instructus, armatus, armed, equipped, enrolled:

cinctus in aliā militiā,

Dig. 39, 1, 38; cf. ib. 39, 1, 25.—As a girding up of the Roman dress was necessary in pursuits requiring physical action, hence, cingor (cf accingor), to make one ' s self ready for any thing, to prepare:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152;

cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus,

Verg. A. 11, 486; cf.

supra,

Quint. 11, 3, 138; Hor S. 2, 8, 10; Ov. M. 6, 59.—

To encircle with a garland or crown, to crown (freq., esp in the poets).

Of the head:

muralique caput summum cinxere coronā,

Lucr. 2, 607; cf.

Ov A. A. 3, 392 tempora floribus,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 20;

Verg A. 5, 71: spicis,

Tib. 2, 1, 4 et saep.:

comam lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 16; cf.:

Graias barbara vitta comas,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 78; Verg. A. 12, 163: de tenero cingite flore caput, Ov F 3, 254.— Poet.:

Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,

Verg. A. 4, 248; 7, 658; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—

To encircle other parts of the body:

cujus lacertos anuli mei cingant,

Mart. 11, 100, 2.—

Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose (the prevailing signif. in prose, esp. in the histt.; syn.: circumdo, claudo): (Tellus) oras maris undique cingens, Lucr. 6, 633; Cat. 64, 185; 64, 286:

flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38 provincia mari cincta, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

urbe portus ipse cingitur et continetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96 Zumpt:

quod moenibus cingebatur,

Tac. A. 13, 41:

quae (terra) magnā ex parte cingitur fluctibus, speciem insulae praebet, etc.,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 8, 10, 23; Ov A. A. 2, 469: cingitur insula tribus millibus passuum, i.e. has a circuit of, etc., Plin. 6, 12, 13, § 32.— Poet.:

cinxerunt aethera nimbi,

covered, Verg. A. 5, 13:

medium diem cinxere tenebrae,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 939.— Trop.;

diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis,

fortify, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94.—

In milit. lang., to surround a place or army for defence or in a hostile manner, to fortify, to invest, be set, besiege:

coronā militum cincta urbs,

Liv. 7, 27, 7: castra vallo, id 7, 39, 8 equites cornua cinxere. covered, id. 23, 29, 3:

ultimum agmen validā manu,

to cover, Curt. 4, 13, 30:

urbem obsidione,

to besieye, Verg. A. 3, 52;

dextera cingitur amni,

id. ib. 9, 469:

(hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii,

Tac. A. 6, 34:

cingi ab armis hostium,

Ov. P. 2, 8, 69; Tib. 2, 3, 37, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 42.—Trop Sicilia multis undique cincta persons. Cio. Imp. Pomp 11, 30.—

To escort, to accompany inermi item regi praetor Achaeorum et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, Liv 32, 39, 8:

dum latus sancti cingit tibi turba senatus, Ov P. 4, 9, 17: nec noscitur ulli, Agminibus comitum qui mode cinctus erat,

id. Tr. 1, 5, 30:

cincta virgo matrum catervā, id M. 12, 216, Vell 2, 14, 1,

Tac. A. 1, 77;

Sil 4, 448,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 322 —

To peel off the bark around:

cingere est deglabrare,

Dig. 47, 7, 6 Pr, cf. Plin 17, 24, 37, § 234 sqq.

nescĭus, a, um, adj. [ne-scio], unknowing, ignorant, unaware (syn.: inscius, ignarus).—With gen.:

nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae,

Verg. A. 10, 501:

impendentis mali nescius,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 8.— With de, Ov. H. 16, 140.—With a rel.-clause:

nescia, quae faceret subitos mihi causa dolores,

Ov. H. 11, 47:

arvaque Cyclopum, quid rastra, quid usus aratri, Nescia,

id. M. 14, 2. —With a preced. neg.:

neque tamen, cum haec scribebam, eram nescius, quantis oneribus premerere susceptarum rerum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 2.—With inf.:

non sum nescius, Scaevola, ista inter Graecos dici,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

non eram nescius, fore, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 1, 1; id. Att. 15, 11, 4.—

Not knowing how, not understanding, unable; with inf. ( poet.):

nescii fari pueri,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 18:

cedere nescius,

id. ib. 1, 6, 6:

nescia fallere vita,

Verg. G. 2, 467:

corda,

id. ib. 4, 470:

Graias mirari artes,

Juv. 11, 100:

vinci nescius,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 45:

natura mutari nescia,

Juv. 13, 240.—

Pass., not known, unknown (rare;

not in Cic.): in locis nesciis nesciā spe sumus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 17; id. Capt. 2, 2, 15:

tributa,

Tac. A. 1, 59.—As subst.: nescĭum, ĭi, n., an unknown thing, a piece of ignorance:

siquid nescibo, id nescium tradam tibi,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 15; cf.: neque nescium habebat, Anteium invisum Neroni, nor was he ignorant, Tac. A. 16, 14.

nescĭus, a, um, adj. [ne-scio], unknowing, ignorant, unaware (syn.: inscius, ignarus).—With gen.:

nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae,

Verg. A. 10, 501:

impendentis mali nescius,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 8.— With de, Ov. H. 16, 140.—With a rel.-clause:

nescia, quae faceret subitos mihi causa dolores,

Ov. H. 11, 47:

arvaque Cyclopum, quid rastra, quid usus aratri, Nescia,

id. M. 14, 2. —With a preced. neg.:

neque tamen, cum haec scribebam, eram nescius, quantis oneribus premerere susceptarum rerum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 2.—With inf.:

non sum nescius, Scaevola, ista inter Graecos dici,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

non eram nescius, fore, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 1, 1; id. Att. 15, 11, 4.—

Not knowing how, not understanding, unable; with inf. ( poet.):

nescii fari pueri,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 18:

cedere nescius,

id. ib. 1, 6, 6:

nescia fallere vita,

Verg. G. 2, 467:

corda,

id. ib. 4, 470:

Graias mirari artes,

Juv. 11, 100:

vinci nescius,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 45:

natura mutari nescia,

Juv. 13, 240.—

Pass., not known, unknown (rare;

not in Cic.): in locis nesciis nesciā spe sumus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 17; id. Capt. 2, 2, 15:

tributa,

Tac. A. 1, 59.—As subst.: nescĭum, ĭi, n., an unknown thing, a piece of ignorance:

siquid nescibo, id nescium tradam tibi,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 15; cf.: neque nescium habebat, Anteium invisum Neroni, nor was he ignorant, Tac. A. 16, 14.

regno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [regnum].

Neutr., to have royal power, to be king, to rule, reign:

ubi Pterela rex regnavit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 257:

Romulus cum septem et triginta regnavisset annos,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 14, 27; 2, 18, 33;

2, 20, 36: Servius injussu populi regnavisse traditur,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

(Mithridates) annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat, et ita regnat, ut, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

tertium jam nunc annum regnans,

Caes. B. G. 5, 25:

regnante Romulo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

(Camers) tacitis regnavit Amyclis,

Verg. A. 10, 564:

quālibet exules In parte regnanto beati,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 39:

Latio regnans,

Verg. A. 1, 265:

regnandi dira cupido,

id. G. 1, 37:

Albae regnare,

Liv. 1, 3:

Romae,

id. 1, 17 fin.; 1, 40:

Tusco profundo,

Ov. M. 14, 223:

Graias per urbes,

Verg. A. 3, 295:

in Colchis,

Plin. 33, 3, 15, § 52:

advenae in nos regnaverunt,

Tac. A. 11, 24.—Once poet., like basileuô, with gen.:

quā Daunus agrestium Regnavit populorum,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 12.— Impers. pass.:

hic jam ter centum totos regnabitur annos Gente sub Hectoreā,

Verg. A. 1, 272:

quia post Tatii mortem ab suā parte non erat regnandum... in variis voluntatibus regnari tamen omnes volebant,

Liv. 1, 17 Drak. N. cr.:

regnatum Romae ab conditā urbe ad liberatam annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor,

id. 1, 60 fin.:

hinc Cytherea tuis longo regnabitur aevo,

Sil. 3, 592.—

In gen., to be lord, to rule, reign, govern, be supreme (syn. dominor);

in a good sense: quoniam equitum centurias tenes, in quibus regnas,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16 fin.; cf.:

regnare in judiciis,

Quint. 10, 1, 112:

vivo et regno,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 8. —

Esp., of the gods: caelo tonantem credimus Jovem Regnare,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 2:

Saturno regnante,

Ov. F. 1, 193:

secundo Caesare regnes,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 52.—

In a bad sense (very freq.),

to lord it, tyrannize, domineer, Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

regnavit is paucos menses,

id. Lael. 12, 41:

quin se ille interfecto Milone regnaturum putaret,

id. Mil. 16, 43:

Timarchidem fugitivum omnibus oppidis per triennium scitote regnasse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:

nec jam libertate contentos esse, nisi etiam regnent ac dominentur,

Liv. 24, 29, 7 Drak.; cf.

so with dominari,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21; Flor. 3, 12, 9.—

Of things, to reign, rule, hold sway (mostly poet.):

umor regnavit in arvis,

Lucr. 5, 395:

(ignis) per ramos victor regnat,

Verg. G. 2, 307:

in totum regnaret Sirius annum,

Stat. Th. 1, 635:

cum regnat rosa (i. e. at a banquet, where the guests were crowned with roses),

Mart. 10, 19, 20: quid faciant leges, ubi sola pecunia regnat? Petr. poët. 14; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 74.—

Trop., to rule, have the mastery, prevail, predominate: Pathêtikon, in quo uno regnat oratio, Cic. Or. 37, 128; cf.:

(eloquentia) hic regnat, hic imperat, hic sola vincit,

Quint. 7, 4, 24; 11, 3, 181:

ardor edendi per avidas fauces regnat,

Ov. M. 8, 829; cf.:

ebrietas geminata libidine regnat,

id. ib. 12, 221:

regnat nequitiā,

Sen. Ben. 1, 10:

morbus regnans,

Grat. Cyn. 462. —

Act., to rule, sway, govern (only in pass., and poet. and in postAug. prose); part. perf. with dat. of agent:

terra acri quondam regnata Lycurgo,

Verg. A. 3, 14:

Latio regnata per arva Saturno quondam,

id. ib. 6, 794; Ov. M. 8, 623; 13, 720; id. H. 10, 69; Hor. C. 2, 6, 11; 3, 29, 27; Sil. 14, 7:

si unquam regnandam acceperit Albam,

Verg. A. 6, 770:

trans Lugios Gotones regnantur, paulo jam adductius quam ceterae Germanorum gentes,

Tac. G. 44: exceptis iis gentibus quae regnantur, id. ib 25; cf. id. A. 13, 54:

quae (gentes) regnan tur,

id. H. 1, 16 fin.; Mel. 2, 2, 24:

gens reg. nata feminis,

Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 76.

vindex, ĭcis, comm. [vindico].

One who lays legal claim to a thing, a claimant; hence, also, a maintainer, defender, protector, deliverer, liberator, vindicator:

vindex ab eo, quod vindicat, quominus is, qui prensus est, ab aliquo teneatur,

Fest. p. 376 Müll.: ASSIDVO. VINDEX. ASSIDVVS. ESTO. PROLETARIO. CIVI. QVOI. QVIS. VOLET. VINDEX. ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 5:

habeat sane populus tabellam quasi vindicem libertatis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

aeris alieni,

a defender, protector of debtors, id. Att. 2, 1, 11:

majestatis imperii,

Liv. 28, 28, 14:

legum ac libertatis (M. Brutus),

Suet. Rhet. 6:

injuriae,

a protector from wrong, Liv. 3, 46, 6:

periculi,

in peril, id. 10, 5, 5:

terrae (Hercules),

Ov. M. 9, 241:

aurum Vindice decepto Graias misistis in urbes,

id. ib. 7, 214:

nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Inciderit,

Hor. A. P. 191:

honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,

a preserver, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18.—In apposition:

audita vox una (provoco) vindex libertatis,

Liv. 3, 56, 6:

vindicibus pacatus viribus orbis,

Ov. H. 9, 13.—

An avenger, punisher, revenger:

conjurationis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

custos ac vindex cupiditatum,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 24:

vindex ultorque parentis,

Ov. M. 5, 237.— Fem.:

Furiae deae... vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46;

of Tisiphone,

Stat. Th. 1, 80.—In apposition:

vindice flammā,

Ov. M. 1, 230:

poena,

Cat. 64, 192.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: peoples name, "Greek" ( Marm. Par. III^a, Arist. Mete. 352 b 2). Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).

Derivatives: Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).

Etymology: The name, prob. given to the Epirotic Dorians by their Illyrian neighbours, was taken over by the Italics and extended to all Hellenes. The use of the word in hellenistic literature is partly based on Lat. Graeci. - Without k-Suffix we have Lat. Graius, Messap. graias, grahis. The term may have come to Italy through the Etruscans, Ernout, R. Ph. 1962, 209-216. Perhaps the Epirotic name Γρᾶες was the basis; its origin is unknown. - See Schwyzer 80 Nr. 4 and 497 n. 7 and Jacobsohn KZ 55, 37, Kretschmer Glotta 30, 156f. - Γραική = Oropia (NE.-Attica), derived from Γραία, isirrelevant.. ( Γραῖκες = αἱ τῶν Έλλήνων μητέρες (Alcm. 134), from γραῦς after γυναῖκες, is also irrelevant.)