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1 information economy
информационная экономика
Сектор экономики, возникший благодаря развитию глобального процесса информатизации. Включает в себя производство средств информатизации, а также информационных продуктов, услуг и информационный рынок.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > information economy
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2 information economy
Экономика: информационная экономика -
3 information technology industry
индустрия информационных технологий
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
information technology industry
A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. (Source: WIC / SIC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > information technology industry
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4 knowledge economy
эк. экономика знаний (экономика, в которой ключевым ресурсом, позволяющим производить товары и добиваться конкурентных преимуществ, являются знания; термин введен в оборот П. Дракером)Syn:See: -
5 new economy
эк. новая экономика (хозяйство или сектор хозяйства, в котором интенсивно используются цифровые технологии; считается, что "новая экономика" характеризуется быстрым и устойчивым ростом)See: -
6 International Center of Research and Information on Collective Economy
Общая лексика: МИЦКЭ, Международный информационно-исследовательский центр коллективной экономикиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > International Center of Research and Information on Collective Economy
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7 International Centre of Research and Information on Collective Economy
Универсальный немецко-русский словарь > International Centre of Research and Information on Collective Economy
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8 IEI
1) Американизм: Information Economy Initiative2) Аудит: ИПП (Институт проблем предпринимательства)3) NYSE. Indiana Energy, Inc. -
9 service
service nслужбаAdministration Services BranchАдминистративно-хозяйственный отделadvisory serviceконсультативное обслуживание(полетов) aerodrome alerting serviceаэродромная служба аварийного оповещенияaerodrome control serviceслужба управления движением в зоне аэродромаaerodrome emergency serviceаэродромная аварийная службаaerodrome flight information serviceаэродромная служба полетной информацииaerodrome serviceаэродромное обслуживание(диспетчерское) aerodrome service roadслужебная дорога на аэродромеaeronautical broadcasting serviceрадиовещательное обслуживание авиационного движенияaeronautical en-route information serviceинформационное обслуживание авиационных маршрутовaeronautical fixed serviceаэронавигационная служба стационарных средств(связи) aeronautical information serviceслужба аэронавигационной информацииaeronautical meteorological serviceавиационная метеорологическая службаaeronautical mobile-satellite serviceавиационная служба спутниковых средств(связи) aeronautical mobile serviceавиационная служба подвижных средств(связи) aircraft in serviceэксплуатируемое воздушное судноaircraft removal from serviceснятие воздушного судна с эксплуатацииaircraft service periodпродолжительность обслуживания воздушного суднаaircraft service truck'sтранспортные средства для обслуживания воздушного суднаair navigation serviceаэронавигационное обслуживаниеairport safety serviceслужба безопасности аэропортаairport security serviceслужба безопасности аэропортаairport service areaслужебная зона аэропортаairport traffic serviceслужба управления движением в зоне аэропортаair serviceавиаперевозкиair traffic control serviceслужба управления воздушным движениемair traffic serviceслужба воздушного движенияair traffic service chartсхема обслуживания воздушного движенияair traffic service routeмаршрут, обслуживаемый службой воздушного движенияair traffic services expertэксперт по обслуживанию воздушного движенияair traffic services proceduresправила обслуживания воздушного движенияair traffic services unitпункт обслуживания воздушного движенияair transport serviceавиаперевозкиairways and air communications serviceслужба воздушных сообщенийalerting serviceслужба аварийного оповещенияalert service bulletinаварийный бюллетень на доработкуall-cargo serviceгрузовые авиаперевозкиall-freight serviceгрузовые авиаперевозкиapproach control serviceдиспетчерская служба захода на посадкуapron management serviceперронная службаaverage service lifeсредний срок службыbroadcasting-satellite serviceспутниковое радиовещательное обслуживаниеBureau of Administration and ServicesАдминистративно-хозяйственное управлениеCentral Agency of Air ServiceГлавное агентство воздушных сообщенийcharge for serviceсбор за обслуживаниеcharter serviceчартерные авиаперевозкиcity-terminal coach serviceобслуживание пассажиров в городском аэровокзалеcoach serviceобслуживание по туристическому классуcommercial serviceкоммерческая эксплуатацияcommunication serviceслужба связиdata interchange serviceслужба обмена данными(о полете) domestic serviceвнутренние авиаперевозкиeconomy class serviceобслуживание по туристическому классуemergency operations serviceаварийная службаemergency serviceаварийная службаen-route meteorological serviceметеообслуживание на маршрутеenter serviceвводить в эксплуатациюescort serviceобеспечение сопровождения(воздушного судна) extend service lifeпродлевать срок службыfield procurement serviceснабжение оперативных точек базированияField Procurement Services UnitСектор обеспечения снабжения на местахField Services BranchОтдел обслуживания проектов на местахfire fighting serviceпротивопожарная службаfit for serviceбыть годным к эксплуатацииflight information serviceслужба полетной информацииflight information service unitаэродромный диспетчерский пункт полетной информацииflight serviceслужба обеспечения полетовflight service kitбортовой набор инструментаflight service rangeэксплуатационная дальность полетаflight service stationстанция службы обеспечения полетовfree serviceбесплатное обслуживаниеgalley service truckмашина для обслуживания кухниGeneral Department of International Air Services of AeroflotЦентральное управление международных воздушных сообщений гражданской авиацииGeneral Services UnitСектор общего обслуживанияgo into serviceвводить в эксплуатациюgrade of serviceкатегория обслуживанияground service equipmentназемное оборудование для обслуживанияincidental serviceвнерегламентное обслуживаниеinformation service unitинформационно-справочная службаin serviceв эксплуатацииintroduce into serviceвводить в эксплуатациюintroduction into serviceввод в эксплуатациюlong-haul serviceвоздушные перевозки большой протяженностиmaintenance serviceтехническое обслуживаниеmarketing serviceслужба по изучению рынка(воздушных перевозок) medium-haul serviceвоздушные перевозки средней протяженностиmeteorological serviceметеослужбаmixed serviceобслуживание по смешанному классуmultistop serviceвоздушные перевозки с большим количеством промежуточных остановокno frills serviceобслуживание по туристическому классуone-plane serviceбеспересадочные перевозкиoperational flight information serviceоперативное полетно-информационное обслуживаниеout of serviceизъятый из эксплуатацииPassenger Services ConferenceКонференция по вопросам обслуживания пассажировperform the service bulletinвыполнять доработку по бюллетенюpickup serviceдоставка пассажиров в аэропорт вылетаplace in serviceвводить в эксплуатациюpooled serviceсовместное обслуживаниеpreflight information serviceпредполетное информационное обслуживаниеprepare for serviceприводить в рабочее состояниеProcedures for Air Navigation ServicesПравила аэронавигационного обслуживанияprovide serviceобеспечивать обслуживаниеput in serviceвводить в эксплуатациюradar serviceрадиолокационное обслуживаниеradar service areaзона радиолокационного обслуживанияradiocommunication serviceслужба радиосвязиradio navigation serviceслужба авиационной радионавигацииrecognition serviceслужба опознавания(воздушных судов) regular airline serviceрегулярное воздушное сообщениеremote keying serviceтелеграфное обслуживание с дистанционным управлениемrescue serviceспасательная службаretirement from serviceснятие из эксплуатацииreturn the aircraft to serviceдопускать воздушное судно к дальнейшей эксплуатацииreturn to serviceдопускать к дальнейшей эксплуатацииroute forecast serviceслужба обеспечения прогнозами по маршрутуsafety serviceслужба безопасностиscheduled air serviceрегулярные воздушные перевозкиsearch and rescue serviceслужба поиска и спасанияseparation serviceслужба эшелонированияserve out the service lifeвырабатывать срок службыservice areaзона обслуживанияservice boltingкрепление технологическоеservice buildingслужебное помещениеservice bulletinэксплуатационный бюллетеньservice centerпанель обслуживанияservice chargeсбор за обслуживаниеservice compartmentтехнический отсекservice conditionsусловия эксплуатацииservice fuel tankрабочий топливный бакservice ladderуниверсальная стремянкаservice lifeамортизационный срок службыservice life testиспытание на амортизационный ресурсservice loadрабочая нагрузкаservice personnelобслуживающий персоналservice pressureэксплуатационное давлениеshort-haul serviceвоздушные перевозки малой протяженностиshuttle serviceчелночное воздушное сообщениеsince placed in serviceс момента ввода в эксплуатациюtake out of serviceснимать с эксплуатацииterminal information serviceслужба информации аэровокзалаthrough air serviceпрямое воздушное сообщениеthroughout the service lifeна протяжении всего срока службыtime in serviceвремя эксплуатацииtraffic advisory serviceконсультативное обслуживание воздушного движенияupper advisory serviceконсультативное обслуживание верхнего воздушного пространстваweather serviceслужба погодыwith-draw from serviceснимать с эксплуатации -
10 service
1. служба2. ( техническое) обслуживание || обслуживать3. эксплуатация || эксплуатировать"no frills" service — обслуживание по туристическому классу
2. диспетчерское обслуживание воздушного движенияair traffic control service — 1. служба управления воздушным движением
since placed in service — с момента ввода в эксплуатацию, с начала эксплуатации
to fit for service — быть годным к эксплуатации, удовлетворять требованиям эксплуатации;
— emergency operations service— in service— to enter service— to provide service -
11 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
12 industrie informatique
индустрия информационных технологий
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
information technology industry
A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. (Source: WIC / SIC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > industrie informatique
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13 Datenverarbeitungsindustrie
индустрия информационных технологий
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
information technology industry
A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. (Source: WIC / SIC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Datenverarbeitungsindustrie
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14 national
ˈnæʃənl
1. прил.
1) народный, национальный, относящийся к какой-л. нации national feelings ≈ национальные чувства national self-determination ≈ национальное самоопределение national minority ≈ национальное меньшинство national convention ≈ амер. национальный партийный съезд
2) государственный national anthem ≈ государственный гимн national park амер. ≈ заповедник;
национальный парк national team спорт ≈ сборная страны, национальная сборная Syn: state, public
2. сущ.;
часто мн.
1) соотечественник Syn: compatriot, fellow countryman
2) подданный, гражданин( какого-л. государства) a Sri Lankan-born British national ≈ британский подданный, родившийся в Шри-Ланке enemy nationals ≈ подданные враждебного государства
3) ам. спортивные соревнования в масштабе всей страны гражданин, подданный (какого-л. государства) - French *s французские граждане - Belgian *s бельгийские подданные - enemy *s граждане враждебного государства - fellow *s, one's own *s сограждане, соотечественники (американизм) национал (в отличие от полноправного гражданина) - natives of territories are *s but not citizens of the USA уроженцы территорий являются националами, но не гражданами США( американизм) (спортивное) турнир, состязание в масштабе всей страны национальный, государственный;
народный, всенародный - * anthem государственный гимн - * spirit /genius/ дух народа - * theatre государственный театр - * economy народное хозяйство - * income (экономика) национальный доход - * debt (экономика) государственный долг - * forest государственный лес;
лесной заповедник - * elections всеобщие выборы - * calamity народное бедствие - * papers центральные газеты - * roads государственные дороги, автострады - * bank государственный банк;
(американизм) национальный банк (частный коммерческий банк) - * price level( экономика) уровень внутренних цен по стране - * law (юридическое) внутригосударственное /национальное/ право - * treatment( юридическое) национальный режим - * government центральное /национальное/ правительство (в отличие от властей штата, провинции) ;
коалиционное правительство - * committee( американизм) национальный комитет (центральный комитет партии) - * chairman( американизм) председатель национального комитета (партии) - * convention( американизм) национальный (партийный) съезд - * salute( военное) (морское) салют государственному флагу;
салют наций - * figure человек, которого знает вся страна;
видный деятель - * command национальные войска, войска государства;
войска государства, входящего в военный союз;
национальное командование - * emergency чрезвычайное положение в стране - * markings государственные опознавательные /отличительные/ знаки (самолета и т. п.) - * defence оборона страны, национальная оборона - * defence forces вооруженные силы( государства) - * defence information сведения, составляющие государственную военную тайну - * security национальная /государственная/ безопасность;
оборона государства, национальная оборона - * serviceman призванный по закону о воинской повинности (в Великобритании) - N. Association for the Advancement of Colored People Национальная ассоциация содействия прогрессу цветного населения (в США) (американизм) федеральный, относящийся к ведению ценрального правительства (а не к ведению властей отдельного штата) национальный, относящийся к нации, национальности;
относящийся к какому-л. народу - * minority национальное меньшинство - * self-determination национальное самоопределение, самоопределение народов - * feelings национальные чувства - * origin(s) национальное происхождение - * liberation movement национально-освободительное движение( редкое) националистический - to be * быть националистом (N.) (американизм) (историческое) союзный, северный (во время гражданской войны 1861- 65 г.г.) - N. troops армии Севера - N. and Confederate writers писатели Союза /Севера/ и Конфедерации /Юга/ > N. game (американизм) бейсбол national (часто pl) подданный (или гражданин) (какого-л.) государства;
enemy nationals подданные враждебного государства foreign ~ иностранный подданный national (часто pl) подданный (или гражданин) (какого-л.) государства;
enemy nationals подданные враждебного государства ~ государственный;
national anthem государственный гимн;
national bank государственный банк;
national park амер. заповедник;
национальный парк ~ государственный ~ гражданин, подданный ~ гражданин ~ гражданин представляемого государства ~ национальный, народный;
national assembly национальное собрание ~ национальный, государственный ~ национальный ~ отечество ~ подданный ~ (часто pl) соотечественник, согражданин ~ федеральный ~ федеральный (США) ~ economy народное хозяйство;
national minority национальное меньшинство;
national convention амер. национальный партийный съезд ~ enterprise государственное предприятие;
national forces вооруженные силы страны;
National Service воинская или трудовая повинность ~ enterprise государственное предприятие;
national forces вооруженные силы страны;
National Service воинская или трудовая повинность ~ government амер. центральное правительство;
national team спорт. сборная страны, национальная сборная ~ государственный;
national anthem государственный гимн;
national bank государственный банк;
national park амер. заповедник;
национальный парк park: national ~ национальный парк ~ enterprise государственное предприятие;
national forces вооруженные силы страны;
National Service воинская или трудовая повинность service: ~ служба (область работы и т. п.) ;
Civil Service государственная (гражданская) служба;
National Service воинская или трудовая повинность (в Англии) national ~ воинская служба ~ government амер. центральное правительство;
national team спорт. сборная страны, национальная сборнаяБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > national
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15 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
* * *
market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
16 development
n1) развитие, совершенствование, доводка2) разработка; проектирование3) разработка; освоение4) застройка; строительство5) выведение (сорта)6) pl событие
- accelerated development
- advanced development
- agricultural development
- balanced development
- business development
- commercial development
- economic development
- engineering development
- executive development
- exploratory development
- export development
- general development
- housing development
- industrial development
- inflationary development
- land development
- long-run development
- long-term development
- management development
- management system development
- market development
- marketing development
- marketing strategy development
- model development
- natural development
- new product development
- oilfield development
- operational development
- operational system development
- peaceful development
- personnel development
- planned development
- population development
- price development
- priority development
- product development
- property development
- prototype development
- public development
- rapid development
- recent development
- recreational development
- regular development
- residential development
- resource development
- rural development
- satellite developments
- social development
- systematic development
- technological development
- trade development
- unbalanced development
- uneven development
- world economic development
- development of contacts
- development of cooperation
- development of economic cooperation
- development of economic resources
- development of economic ties
- development of the economy
- development of export
- development of information science
- development of industry
- development of labour productivity
- development of land
- development of a market
- development of methods
- development of the national economy
- development of natural resources
- development of new equipment
- development of a process
- development of a product
- development of production
- development of a production process
- development of a project
- development of tourism
- development of trade
- development of trade relations
- development of vocational competence
- authorize development
- encourage development
- facilitate development
- further development
- promote developmentEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > development
-
17 mission
( боевая) задача, ( военная) миссия; вылет; полет; стрельба; огневая задача; предназначение; общая задача; задача части [соединения] ( пункт боевого приказа); см. тж. tasktroop carrier (combat) mission — ав. задача по переброске войск
US mission, Berlin — американская (военная) миссия в Западном Берлине
— bacteriological bombing mission— battlefield mission— delaying mission— interception mission— protective mission -
18 system
-
19 pack
pæk
1. сущ.
1) а) пакет, пачка;
вьюк, кипа, связка pack paper ≈ оберточная бумага б) воен. выкладка, ранец, снаряжение I hid my money in my pack. ≈ Я спрятал деньги в своем ранце/мешке. в) пачка (сигарет), колода (карт) pack of cards ≈ колода карт г) коммерч. кипа (мера веса)
2) а) масса, множество The club will send a free information pack. ≈ Клуб вышлет бесплатный пакет информации. pack of lies ≈ сплошная ложь Syn: heap б) количество заготовленных в течение сезона консервов (овощных, фруктовых, мясных и т. п.)
3) упаковывание
4) а) свора( гончих) ;
стая( волков и т. п.) wolf pack ≈ стая волков б) группа;
банда, шайка pack of thieves ≈ шайка воров Sol was the leader of the pack. ≈ Сол руководил бандой. moneyed pack ≈ кучка богачей pack of crooks ≈ банда жуликов
5) сжатая, компактная масса;
паковый лед Syn: pack-ice
6) мед. тампон
7) косметическая маска
8) горн. закладка
9) строит. бутовая кладка
2. гл.
1) а) упаковывать, запаковывать, укладывать вещи;
тюковать (часто pack up) to pack papers into an envelope ≈ засунуть бумаги в конверт I'll go home and pack. ≈ Я пойду домой и уложу вещи. б) упаковывать тщательно, безопасно glasses packed for shipment ≈ стекло, упакованное для отправки по морю в) упаковываться, укладываться
2) (легко) укладываться, (хорошо) поддаваться упаковке a knit dress packs well ≈ вязаное платье хорошо упаковывается
3) консервировать Machines now exist to pack olives in jars. ≈ Теперь есть машины, которые консервируют оливки.
4) а) заполнять, набивать, переполнять (тж. pack out) Fans packed the stadium. ≈ Фанаты заполнили стадион. Thousands of people packed into the mosque. ≈ Тысячи людей набились в мечеть. б) собираться, скопляться Syn: congregate
5) а) сворить (гончих) б) собираться стаями (о волках и т. п.)
6) нагружать;
навьючивать to pack a mule ≈ нагрузить мула
7) перевозить багаж;
передвигаться с багажом
8) мед. завертывать в мокрые простыни (пациента)
9) мед. тампонировать ∙ pack away pack down pack in pack off pack up pack it up! груб. ≈ (по) придержи язык! pack a thing up
3. прил.
1) упаковочный pack paper ≈ упаковочная бумага Syn: packing
2) вьючный( о животном) тюк;
связка, узел;
вьюк пакет;
упаковка;
кипа - a * of books пачка книг пачка - a * of cigarettes пачка сигарет короб( коммерческое) кипа (ка мера) (военное) снаряжение, выкладка;
ранец свора;
стая - a * of hounds свора гончих - a * of wolves стая волков группа;
кучка - a * of schoolboys группа школьников - moneyed * кучка богачей - a * of submarines( военное) (разговорное) подразделение подводных лодок банда - a * of thieves шайка воров множество, масса - a * of lies сплошная ложь паковый лед, пак - arctic * арктический лед - close * сплошной паковый лед количество заготовленных за сезон фруктов, овощей;
сезонная выработка рыбных и мясных консервов комплект клепки (карточное) колода (медицина) обертывание в мокрые простыни (медицина) простыня для обертывания (медицина) тампон косметическая маска из вяжущих веществ (строительство) бутовая кладка;
набивка( горное) закладка;
породная стенка;
костер, заполненный породой цементирующее средство, карбюризатор( техническое) набивка (сальника), уплотнение( техническое) узел, блок( спортивное) нападающие (в регби) > to keep ahead of the * in smth. опережать других в чем-либо упаковывать, запаковывать, укладывать вещи - to * furniture упаковывать мебель - to * clothes into a trunk укладывать платье в чемодан - to * a trunk with clothes укладывать чемодан укладываться (тж. * up) - let's better * today давайте лучше уложимся сегодня - to * one's bags собраться, подготовиться к отъезду убирать, упаковывать (тж. * away) - * away your books, it's time for break убирайте книги, перерыв! тюковать поддаваться упаковке, легко укладываться (тж. * up) консервировать заполнять, набивать, переполнять (тж. * out) - the audience *ed the theatre зрители заполнили театр - the harbour was *ed with craft гавань была забита судами - the book is *ed with facts книга насыщена фактами - a passage *ed with meaning важный абзац набиваться, скучиваться (тж. * up) - people were *ed up like sardines народу набилось как сельдей в бочке - people were *ed in tents людей разместили по палаткам собирать карты в колоду навьючивать (лошадь) ехать или идти с багажом;
перевозить багаж - it isn't fun to * along the trail не очень-то весело тащиться с тяжелым багажом (разговорное) таскать, носить при себе - to * a watch носить часы - to * a gun носить при себе оружие - I had to * my hat in my hand мне пришлось таскать шляпу в руке (сленг) наносить сильный удар;
быть в состоянии нанести удар сворить (гончих) собираться стаями (о волках, птицах) укатывать, прикатывть;
уплотнять - ice was *ed лед был очень плотным уплотняться, трамбоваться - sand *s and becomes hard песок уплотняется и становится твердым затыкать, законопачивать - to * a leaking joint законопатить течь, вогнать набивку в паз консервировать (мясо, фрукты) (медицина) тампонировать оборачивать, окутывать - to * a joint of a water-pipe уплотнить соединение водопроводной трубы( медицина) завертывать (пациента) в мокрые простыни (горное) закладывать выработку (химическое) заполнять насадкой, насаживать > to * on all sail идти на всех парусах > to * a big punch( военное) (жаргон) нести мощное вооружение, обладать большой мощностью заполнять своими сторонниками (собрание) ;
создавать численный перевес своих сторонников (на собрании) тенденциозно подбирать состав присяжных (для вынесения противозаконного решения) (устаревшее) подтасовывать карты bonus ~ премия в виде скидки с цены disk ~ вчт. пакет дисков economy size ~ наиболее экономичный размер партии maternity ~ набор необходимых для роженицы предметов ~ группа;
банда;
moneyed pack кучка богачей;
pack of crooks банда жуликов pack = pack-ice ~ вчт. блок ~ стр. бутовая кладка ~ вьюк ~ группа;
банда;
moneyed pack кучка богачей;
pack of crooks банда жуликов ~ мед. завертывать в (мокрые) простыни (пациента) ;
pack off выпроваживать, прогонять ~ горн. закладка ~ заполнять, набивать, переполнять (пространство, with) ~ заполнять своими сторонниками (собрание, съезд и т. п.) ;
подбирать состав присяжных (для вынесения противозаконного решения) ~ ком. кипа (мера веса) ~ кипа ~ количество заготовленных в течение сезона консервов (рыбных, фруктовых) ~ количество консервов, произведенных в течение сезона ~ колода (карт) ~ вчт. колода ~ консервировать ~ консервировать ~ множество, масса;
pack of lies сплошная ложь ~ навьючивать (лошадь) ~ пакет, пачка;
связка, кипа, вьюк ~ вчт. пакет ~ пакет ~ пачка ~ производить консервы ~ свора (гончих) ;
стая (волков и т. п.) ;
pack of submarines воен. подразделение подводных лодок ~ сворить (гончих) ~ связка ~ воен. снаряжение, выкладка, ранец ~ собираться стаями (о волках) ~ мед. тампон ~ (легко) укладываться, (хорошо) поддаваться упаковке ~ упаковать ~ упаковка ~ упаковывать(ся), запаковывать(ся), укладывать вещи;
тюковать (часто pack up) ~ упаковывать ~ уплотнять(ся), скучивать(ся) ~ up разг. умереть;
to send (smb.) packing выпроводить, прогнать( кого-л.) ;
to pack a thing up покончить( с чем-л.) ;
pack it up! груб. (по) придержи язык! ~ attr. вьючный ~ attr. упаковочный;
pack paper оберточная бумага ~ up разг. умереть;
to send (smb.) packing выпроводить, прогнать (кого-л.) ;
to pack a thing up покончить (с чем-л.) ;
pack it up! груб. (по) придержи язык! ~ группа;
банда;
moneyed pack кучка богачей;
pack of crooks банда жуликов ~ множество, масса;
pack of lies сплошная ложь ~ свора (гончих) ;
стая (волков и т. п.) ;
pack of submarines воен. подразделение подводных лодок ~ мед. завертывать в (мокрые) простыни (пациента) ;
pack off выпроваживать, прогонять ~ attr. упаковочный;
pack paper оберточная бумага ~ up разг. испортиться, выйти из строя( о механизме) ~ up разг. прекращать( работу и т. п.) ~ up разг. умереть;
to send (smb.) packing выпроводить, прогнать (кого-л.) ;
to pack a thing up покончить (с чем-л.) ;
pack it up! груб. (по) придержи язык! ~ up разг. упаковывать(ся) pack = pack-ice pack-ice: pack-ice паковый лед, пак ~ up разг. умереть;
to send (smb.) packing выпроводить, прогнать (кого-л.) ;
to pack a thing up покончить (с чем-л.) ;
pack it up! груб. (по) придержи язык! send: to ~ (smb.) packing (или flying), to ~ (smb.) to the rightabout прогнать, выпроводить (кого-л.) -
20 national
1. [ʹnæʃ(ə)nəl] n1. гражданин, подданный (какого-л. государства)fellow nationals, one's own nationals - сограждане, соотечественники
2. амер. национал ( в отличие от полноправного гражданина)natives of territories are nationals but not citizens of the USA - уроженцы территорий являются националами, но не гражданами США
3. амер. спорт. турнир, состязание в масштабе всей страны2. [ʹnæʃ(ə)nəl] a1. 1) национальный, государственный; народный, всенародныйnational spirit /genius/ - дух народа
national income - эк. национальный доход
national debt - эк. государственный долг
national forest - государственный лес; лесной заповедник
national roads - государственные дороги, автострады
national bank - а) государственный банк; б) амер. национальный банк ( частный коммерческий банк)
national price level - эк. уровень внутренних цен
national law - юр. внутригосударственное /национальное/ право
national treatment - юр. национальный режим
national government - а) центральное /национальное/ правительство (в отличие от властей штата, провинции); б) коалиционное правительство
national committee - амер. национальный комитет ( центральный комитет партии)
national chairman - амер. председатель национального комитета ( партии)
national convention - амер. национальный (партийный) съезд
national salute - воен. мор. салют государственному флагу; салют наций
national figure - человек, которого знает вся страна; видный деятель
national command - а) национальные войска, войска государства; б) войска государства, входящего в военный союз; в) национальное командование
national markings - государственные опознавательные /отличительные/ знаки (самолёта и т. п.)
national defence - оборона страны, национальная оборона
national defence information - сведения, составляющие государственную военную тайну
national security - а) национальная /государственная/ безопасность; б) оборона государства, национальная оборона
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - Национальная ассоциация содействия прогрессу цветного населения ( в США)
2) амер. федеральный, относящийся к ведению центрального правительства ( а не к ведению властей отдельного штата)2. национальный, относящийся к нации, национальности; относящийся к какому-л. народуnational self-determination - национальное самоопределение, самоопределение народов
3. редк. националистический4. (National) амер. ист. союзный, северный (во время гражданской войны 1861-65 гг.)National and Confederate writers - писатели Союза /Севера/ и Конфедерации /Юга/
♢
National game - амер. бейсбол
- 1
- 2
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