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81 succès
succès [syksε]masculine noun• cette pièce a eu un grand succès or beaucoup de succès the play was a great success► à succès [auteur, roman, chanson] successful* * *syksɛnom masculin invariable successvotre succès aux élections/à l'école — your success in the elections/at school
avoir du succès, être un succès — [produit, livre, opération] to be a success ( auprès de with); [disque, chanson] to be a hit ( auprès de with)
avoir du succès — [artiste] to be a success
avoir du succès auprès de quelqu'un — [personne] to be a hit with somebody
faire le succès de quelqu'un/quelque chose — to make somebody/something successful
à succès — [acteur, pièce, film] successful
* * *syksɛ nm1) (= réussite) successavoir du succès — to be a success, to be successful
2) (= chanson) hit* * *succès nm inv success; une série de succès a string of successes; succès scolaires/universitaires scholastic/academic success; un nouveau succès diplomatique pour another diplomatic success for; votre succès aux élections/à l'école/en politique your success in the elections/at school/in politics; le succès du mois this month's big success ou hit; avoir du succès, être un succès [produit, livre, opération, formule] to be a success (auprès de with); [disque, chanson] to be a hit (auprès de with); avoir du succès [artiste] to be a success; avoir du succès auprès de qn [personne] to be a favouriteGB ou a hit with sb; avoir un succès fou [personne, produit] to be a big hit (auprès de with); leur proposition n'a eu aucun succès their proposal met with no success; connaître un grand succès to be a great success; remporter un succès to score a success; remporter des succès to achieve success; faire le succès de qn/qch to make sb/sth successful; à succès [acteur, pièce, film] successful; auteur à succès best-selling author; avec succès successfully; avec un égal succès equally successfully; sans succès unsuccessfully; sans grand succès without much success.succès d'estime succès d'estime, critical though not popular acclaim.[syksɛ] nom masculin1. [heureux résultat, réussite personnelle] successêtre couronné de succès to be crowned with success, to be successful2. [exploit, performance] success[en amour] conquestaller ou voler de succès en succès to go from one success to anothera. [œuvre, artiste] to be successfulb. [suggestion] to be very well receivedavoir du succès auprès de quelqu'un: sa pièce a eu beaucoup de succès auprès des critiques mais peu auprès du public his play was acclaimed by the critics but the public was less than enthusiasticil a beaucoup de succès auprès des femmes/jeunes he's very popular with women/young peopleeh bien, il a du succès, mon soufflé! well, I see you like my soufflé ou my soufflé appears to be a success!4. [chanson] hit[film, pièce] (box-office) hit ou successsuccès d'estime critical acclaim, succès d'estimel'ouvrage a été un succès d'estime the book was well-received by the critics (but not by the public)sa comédie musicale a été un immense succès commercial his musical was a box office hit ou a runaway successa. [film] a big successb. [livre] a best-sellerc. [disque] a hità succès locution adjectivale[auteur, chanteur] popularchanson à succès hit record ou songromancier à succès popular ou best-selling novelistavec succès locution adverbialesans succès locution adverbiale -
82 sur
I.sur1 [syʀ]a. (position) on ; (avec mouvement) onto ; ( = dans) in ; ( = par-dessus) over ; ( = au-dessus de) above• il y a un sac sur la table/une affiche sur le mur there's a bag on the table/a poster on the wall• il a 1 500 € sur son compte he has 1,500 euros in his account• il neige sur Paris/sur toute l'Europe it's snowing in Paris/all over Europe• s'endormir sur un livre/son travail to fall asleep over a book/over one's work• « travaux sur 5 km » "roadworks for 5km"• gravure sur bois/verre wood/glass engravingc. (temps: proximité, approximation) il est arrivé sur les 2 heures he came at about 2• sur le moment or sur le coup, je n'ai pas compris at the time I didn't understandd. (cause) sur invitation/commande by invitation/order• sur un signe du patron, elle sortit at the boss's signal, she lefte. (moyen, manière) onf. (matière, sujet) on• sur douze verres, six sont ébréchés out of twelve glasses six are chipped• un jour/un vendredi sur trois every third day/Friday• il vient un jour/mercredi sur deux he comes every other day/Wednesdayi. (influence, supériorité) on• avoir des droits sur qn/qch to have rights over sb/to sthj. ► sur ce ( = sur ces mots)sur ce, il est sorti upon which he went out• sur ce, il faut que je vous quitte and now I must leave youII.sur2, e [syʀ]adjective( = aigre) sour* * *Note: Lorsque sur indique une position dans l'espace il se traduit généralement par on: sur la table/une chaise = on the table/a chair; sur la côte/le lac = on the coast/the lakeLorsque sur a une valeur figurée comme dans régner sur, pleurer sur, sur l'honneur, sur place etc la traduction sera fournie dans l'article du deuxième élément, respectivement régner, pleurer, honneur, place etc
I syʀ1) ( dessus) on2) (au-dessus, sans contact) overun pont sur la rivière — a bridge across ou over the river
3) (étendue, surface)4) ( direction)5) ( support matériel) on6) ( au sujet de) [débat, thèse] on; [étude, poème] about7) ( objet d'un travail)une personne sur dix — one person out of ou in ten
9) ( indique l'accumulation) lit upon; fig after10) ( juste après)ils se sont quittés sur ces mots — with these words, they parted
sur ce or quoi — upon which
sur ce, je vous laisse — with that, I must leave you
11) ( pendant)on ne peut pas juger sur une période aussi courte — you can't judge over ou in such a short period
12) Radio, Télévision, Télécommunications on [radio, chaîne, ligne téléphonique]
II
* * *
I syʀ prép1) (position) onPose-le sur la table. — Put it on the table.
2) (en recouvrant) overPour finir, versez le coulis de fruits rouges sur le gâteau. — And to finish it, pour the coulis of red berries over the cake.
3) (sans contact direct) overIls ont construit un nouveau pont sur le Rhône. — They have built a new bridge over the Rhone.
sur soi; Je n'ai pas d'argent sur moi. — I haven't got any money on me.
4) (direction) towardssur votre droite — on your right, to your right
Vous verrez l'hôpital sur votre droite. — You'll see the hospital on your right., You'll see the hospital to your right.
5) (= à propos de) on, aboutun livre sur Balzac — a book on Balzac, a book about Balzac
une conférence sur l'art roman — a lecture on Romanesque art, a lecture about Romanesque art
6) (dans une proportion) out ofSur 20, 2 sont venus. — Two out of twenty came.
7)un sur 10 (statistiques) — one in 10, ÉDUCATION one out of 10
J'ai eu quatorze sur vingt en maths. — I got 14 out of 20 in maths.
une semaine sur deux — every other week, one week in two
une semaine sur trois — every third week, one week in three
9) (en indiquant l'heure) around10) (cause)11) (répétition)12) (autre locution)Sur ce, il partit sans dire un mot. — Whereupon he left without uttering a word.
Sur ce, il faut que je vous quitte. — And now I must leave you.
II sur, -e* * *I.sur prép❢ Lorsque sur indique une position dans l'espace il se traduit généralement par on: sur la table/une chaise = on the table/a chair; sur la côte/le lac = on the coast/the lake.On trouvera ci-dessous des exemples supplémentaires et exceptions. Lorsque sur a une valeur figurée comme dans régner sur, pleurer sur, sur l'honneur, sur place etc la traduction sera fournie dans l'article du deuxième élément, respectivement régner, pleurer, honneur, place etc.1 ( dessus) on; le verre est sur la table the glass is on the table; prends un verre sur la table take a glass from the table; appliquer la lotion sur vos cheveux apply the lotion to your hair; la clé est sur la porte the key is in the door; passer la main sur une étoffe to run one's hand over a fabric; il doit être sur la route he must be on the road ou on his way by now;2 (au-dessus, sans contact) over; des nuages sur les montagnes/la plaine clouds over the mountaintops/the plain; un pont sur la rivière a bridge across ou over the river; la nuit est tombée/l'orage s'est abattu sur la ville night fell/the storm broke over the city;3 (étendue, surface) la forêt est détruite sur 150 hectares the forest has been destroyed over an area of 150 hectares; une table d'un mètre sur deux a table (of) one metre by two;4 ( direction) se diriger sur Valence to head ou make for Valence; une voiture déboucha sur la droite a car pulled out on the right;5 ( support matériel) on; sur un morceau de papier on a piece of paper; elle est très jolie sur la photo she looks very pretty in the photograph; dessiner sur le sable to draw in the sand;6 ( au sujet de) [débat, exposé, essai, chapitre, thèse] on; [étude, poème] about; [article, livre] on;7 ( objet d'un travail) être sur une affaire to be involved in a business deal; on est sur un gros chantier actuellement we're currently involved in a big construction project;8 ( indique un rapport de proportion) une personne sur dix one person in ou out of ten; une semaine sur trois one week in three; il a fait trois exercices sur quatre he did three exercises out of four; sur 250 employés, il y a seulement 28 femmes out of 250 employees, there are only 28 females; un mardi sur deux every other Tuesday; il y a deux chances sur trois qu'il ne vienne pas there are two chances out of three that he won't come;9 ( indique l'accumulation) lit upon; fig after; entasser pierre sur pierre to pile stone upon stone; faire proposition sur proposition to make one offer after another, to make offer after offer; commettre erreur sur erreur to make one mistake after another, to make mistake after mistake; il a eu deux accidents coup sur coup he had two accidents one after the other;10 ( juste après) ils se sont quittés sur ces mots with these words, they parted; sur le moment at the time; sur ce or quoi upon which, thereupon; sur ce, je vous laisse with that, I must leave you;11 ( pendant) on ne peut pas juger sur une période aussi courte/trois jours you can't decide over ou in such a short period/three days;II.III[syr] préposition1. [dans l'espace - dessus] on ; [ - par-dessus] over ; [ - au sommet de] on top of ; [ - contre] againstelle avait des bleus sur tout le visage she had bruises all over her face, her face was covered in bruisesmonter sur un manège/une bicyclette to get on a roundabout/bicycledemain, du soleil sur le nord tomorrow, there will be sunshine in the northune chambre avec vue sur la mer a room with a view of ou over the seades fenêtres qui donnent sur la rue windows giving onto ou overlooking the streetil y avait un monde fou, on était tous les uns sur les autres there was a huge crowd, we were all crushed up together ou one on top of the other2. [indiquant la direction]sur votre gauche, le Panthéon on ou to your left, the Pantheonobliquer sur la droite to turn ou to bear rightla porte s'est refermée sur elle the door closed behind ou after her‘virages sur 3 km’ ‘bends for 3 km’la foire s'étend sur 3 000 m² the fair covers 3,000 m²sur les quatre heures, quelqu'un a téléphoné (at) around ou about four, somebody phoned[indiquant la proximité]sur le moment ou le coup, je me suis étonné at the time ou at first, I was surprisedil va sur ses 40 ans he's approaching ou nearly 405. [indiquant la durée]c'est un contrat sur cinq ans it's a five-year contract, the contract runs for five yearsje lui ai envoyé lettre sur lettre I sent him letter after ou upon letter7. [indiquant la cause]juger quelqu'un sur ses propos/son apparence to judge somebody by his words/appearance8. [indiquant la manière, l'état, la situation]avoir un effet sur quelqu'un/quelque chose to have an effect on somebody/somethingêtre sur ses gardes/la défensive/le qui-vive to be on one's guard/the defensive/the look-outc'est sur la première chaîne/France Inter it's on channel one/France Inter9. [indiquant le moyen]vivre sur ses économies/un héritage to live off one's savings/a legacyon peut tailler deux jupes sur le même patron you can make two skirts out of ou from the same patternle film se termine sur une vue du Lido the film ends with ou on a view of the Lido10. [indiquant le domaine, le sujet]sur ce point, nous sommes d'accord we agree on that point140 personnes sont sur le projet there are 140 people on ou involved in the project11. [indiquant - une proportion] out of ; [ - une mesure] byun homme sur deux one man in two, every second mansur 100 candidats, 15 ont été retenus 15 out of 100 candidates were shortlistedfaire une enquête sur 1 000 personnes to do a survey of ou involving 1,000 people12. [indiquant une relation de supériorité] over -
83 surarmement
surarmement [syʀaʀməmɑ̃]masculine noun( = action) stockpiling of weapons* * *syʀaʀməmɑ̃ nm* * *surarmement nm1 ( armement excessif) armament on a large scale;2 ( action de surarmer) (huge) arms build-up.[syrarməmɑ̃] nom masculin -
84 taillé
taille [tαj]feminine nouna. ( = partie du corps) waistb. ( = hauteur) heightc. ( = format) size• « taille unique » "one size fits all"• il a trouvé un adversaire à sa taille he's met his match► de taille [erreur] serious ; [objet] sizeable ; [surprise, concession, décision] big ; [difficulté, obstacle] huge• la gaffe est de taille ! it's a major blunder!• il n'est pas de taille (pour une tâche) he isn't up to it ; (face à un concurrent, dans la vie) he doesn't measure up* * *taj1) (partie du corps, de vêtement) waist, waistlineavoir une taille de guêpe — to be wasp-waisted, to have a very slim waist
robe à taille haute/basse — high-/low-waisted dress
2) ( volume) size; fig ( importance) sizede grande/petite taille — [animal, entreprise, objet] large/small
de taille — [problème, ambition, enjeu] considerable, sizable; [événement, question] very important
à la taille de leurs ambitions/de l'entreprise — in keeping with their ambitions/the size of the company
être de taille à faire — to be up to ou capable of doing
3) ( dimension de vêtement) size‘taille unique’ — ‘one size’
essaie la taille au-dessus/au-dessous — try the next size up/down
4) ( hauteur) heightpersonne de petite/grande taille — short/tall person
5) ( action de tailler) (d'arbre, buisson) pruning; ( de haie) clipping, trimming; (de diamant, cristal) cutting; ( de bois) carving6) ( forme obtenue) ( de diamant) cut; ( de haie) shape7) Histoire8) ( tranchant de lame) edge* * *tɒj nf1) (milieu du corps) waistElle a la taille fine. — She has a slim waist.
2) (= hauteur) height3) [vêtement] size4)de taille (obstacle) — sizeable, (adversaire) worthy
5) (action de tailler) [pierre, diamant] cutting, [arbre, branche, rosier] pruning* * *taille ⇒ Les tailles nf1 ⇒ Le corps humain (partie du corps, de vêtement) waist, waistline; taille fine/épaisse slim/large waist ou waistline; avoir une taille de guêpe to be wasp-waisted, to have a very slim waist; prendre qn par la taille to put one's arm around sb's waist; avoir la taille bien prise dans un manteau to wear a coat with a fitted waist; robe à taille haute/basse high-/low-waisted dress;2 ( volume) size; fig ( importance) size; de grande/petite taille [animal, entreprise, objet] large/small; entreprise de taille moyenne medium-sized company; de la taille de the size of; société de taille européenne company on a European scale; de taille [problème, ambition, enjeu] considerable, sizable; [événement, question] very important; à la taille de leurs ambitions/de l'entreprise in keeping with their ambitions/the size of the company; un partenaire à sa taille a suitable partner; l'entreprise est de taille! it's no small undertaking!; être de taille à faire to be up to ou capable of doing; il n'est pas de taille he's not up to it;3 ( dimension de vêtement) size; taille 42 size 42; quelle taille fais-tu? what size do you take?; ce n'est pas ma taille or à ma taille it is not my size; ‘taille unique’ ‘one size’; essaie la taille au-dessus/au-dessous try the next size up/down; qu'avez-vous à ma taille? what have you got in my size?; avoir la taille mannequin to be a standard size; rayon grandes tailles outsize department; rayon petites tailles petite department;4 ( hauteur) height; être de grande/petite taille to be tall/short; personne de petite/grande taille short/tall person; personne de taille moyenne person of average height; se redresser de toute sa taille to draw oneself up to one's full height; il a promené sa haute taille dans toute l'Europe his tall figure is known throughout Europe;5 ( action de tailler) (d'arbre, buisson) pruning; ( de haie) clipping, trimming; (de diamant, cristal) cutting; ( de bois) carving;8 ( tranchant de lame) edge;1. [bâti]2. [apte à]3. [coupé - arbre] trimmed, pruned ; [ - haie] trimmed, clipped ; [ - cristal] cut ; [ - crayon] sharpened ; [ - barbe, moustache] trimmedun costume bien/mal taillé a well-cut/badly-cut suit -
85 vertige
vertige [vεʀtiʒ]masculine nouna. ( = peur du vide) le vertige vertigob. ( = étourdissement) dizzy spellc. ( = égarement) fever* * *vɛʀtiʒnom masculin1) ( sensation) dizziness, giddiness; ( dû à la hauteur) vertigoavoir le vertige — ( habituellement) to suffer from vertigo; ( ponctuellement) to feel dizzy ou giddy
2) ( malaise)avoir des vertiges — to have dizzy ou giddy spells
3) ( exaltation)* * *vɛʀtiʒ nm1) (peur du vide) vertigo2) (= étourdissement) dizzy spell3) figdonner le vertige à qn (= impressionner) — to make sb's head spin
Les sommes investies dans la construction de ce stade donnent le vertige. — The sums invested in the building of this stadium make your head spin.
* * *vertige nm1 ( sensation) dizziness, giddiness; ( dû à la hauteur) vertigo; avoir le vertige ( habituellement) to suffer from vertigo; ( ponctuellement) to feel dizzy ou giddy; être pris de vertige lit, fig to become dizzy ou giddy; donner le vertige à qn fig, lit to make sb dizzy ou giddy;2 ( malaise) dizzy ou giddy spell, attack of vertigo; avoir des vertiges to have dizzy ou giddy spells;3 ( exaltation) vertige de l'amour/de la gloire/du succès intoxicating effect of love/of fame/of success.[vɛrtiʒ] nom masculin1. [peur du vide] vertigo2. [malaise] dizzy spellavoir un vertige ou des vertiges to feel dizzy ou faintcela me donne le vertige it's making my head swim, it's making me (feel) dizzydes sommes astronomiques qui donnent le vertige huge amounts of money that make one's head swim ou that don't bear thinking about3. [égarement] giddiness[tentation]céder/résister au vertige de la spéculation to give in to/to resist the temptations of speculation -
86 violent
violent, e [vjɔlɑ̃, ɑ̃t]adjectiveviolent ; [odeur, parfum] strong ; [couleur] harsh ; [pluie] heavy ; [sentiment, passion, désir, dégoût, douleur] intense ; [poison] virulent ; [exercice, effort] strenuous ; [remède] drastic• un violent besoin de s'affirmer an urgent need to assert o.s.* * *violente vjɔlɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif [personne, réaction] violent; [couleur] harsh; [poison] powerful; [désir] overwhelmingnon violent — [mouvement, moyens] nonviolent; [manifestation] peaceful, nonviolent
* * *vjɔlɑ̃, ɑ̃t adj violent, -e1) (personne, réflexe) violent2) (remède) drastic3) (besoin, désir) intense, urgent* * *A adj [personne, réaction] violent; [couleur] harsh; [poison] powerful; [inquiétude] acute; [désir] overwhelming; non violent [mouvement, moyens] nonviolent; [manifestation] peaceful, nonviolent.B nm,f violent person.1. [brutal - sport, jeu] rough, brutal ; [ - attaque, affrontement] fierce, violent, brutal ; [ - personne] violent, brutal ; [ - tempérament] violent, fiery2. [intense - pluie] driving ; [ - vent, tempête] violent, raging ; [ - couleur] harsh, glaring ; [ - parfum] pungent, overpowering ; [ - effort] huge, strenuous ; [ - besoin, envie] intense, uncontrollable, urgent ; [ - douleur] violent————————, violente [vjɔlɑ̃, ɑ̃t] nom masculin, nom féminin -
87 énormément
énormément [enɔʀmemɑ̃]adverb► énormément de [d'argent, eau, bruit] an enormous amount of* * *enɔʀmemɑ̃adverbe [manger, boire] a tremendous amount; [parler, changer] a great deal* * *enɔʀmemɑ̃ adv1) enormously, tremendously2)Il a énormément grossi. — He's got terribly fat.
* * *énormément adv [manger, boire] a tremendous ou an incredible amount; [parler, changer, apprendre] a great deal; il a énormément grossi/maigri he's put on/he's lost a tremendous ou an incredible amount of weight; ça s'est énormément construit there's been a tremendous amount of building; énormément de temps/travail a tremendous amount of time/work; énormément de gens/cigares a tremendous number of people/cigars; il y a énormément à faire/manger there's a tremendous amount to do/to eat, there's loads○ to do/to eat; il y a énormément à gagner there's a lot ou a great deal to be gained; ça compte énormément it's tremendously important; ça m'a énormément plu I liked it immensely; ça l'a énormément fatigué it made him tremendously tired; ça a énormément progressé it's come on a lot; il travaille énormément he works very hard, he does a tremendous amount of work; il gagne énormément he earns a fortune.[enɔrmemɑ̃] adverbes'amuser énormément to enjoy oneself immensely ou tremendouslyénormément de [argent, bruit] an enormous ou a huge ou a tremendous amount of -
88 étincelle
étincelle [etɛ̃sεl]feminine nouna. [de feu] spark• c'est l'étincelle qui a mis le feu aux poudres (figurative) it was this which sparked off the incidentb. [de lame, regard] flash• jeter or lancer des étincelles [diamant, regard] to flash* * *etɛ̃sɛl1) ( incandescence) spark2) ( lueur) ( sur une lame) flash; ( sur un diamant) sparkle; ( dans le regard) ( d'humour) twinkle; ( de colère) glint3) ( manifestation fugitive) flash (de of)••ça va faire des étincelles — (colloq) fig that will make sparks fly
faire des étincelles — ( dans l'action) to do brilliantly
c'est l'étincelle qui a mis le feu aux poudres — fig it's what sparked off the crisis
* * *etɛ̃sɛl nf* * *étincelle nf1 ( incandescence) spark; le feu lance des étincelles the fire is throwing out sparks; une gerbe d'étincelles a shower of sparks; étincelle électrique electric spark;2 ( lueur) ( sur une lame) flash; ( sur un diamant) sparkle; ( dans le regard) ( d'humour) twinkle; ( de colère) glint; jeter des étincelles [lame, regard, bijou] to glitter;3 ( manifestation fugitive) étincelle d'intelligence/de courage/génie flash of intelligence/courage/genius.ça va faire des étincelles○ fig that will make sparks fly; faire des étincelles ( dans une conversation) to sparkle; ( dans l'action) to do brilliantly; ne pas faire d'étincelles to fail to shine; c'est l'étincelle qui a mis le feu aux poudres fig it's what sparked off the crisis.[etɛ̃sɛl] nom féminin1. [parcelle incandescente] sparkb. (figuré) to cause a huge sensation, to be a big successa. [de joie] his eyes shine with joyb. [de colère] his eyes flash with rage3. [bref élan] -
89 méga
méga [mega]masculine noun* * *
I mega1) ( un million) mega2) (colloq) mega
II
(colloq) mega adjectif invariable mega (colloq)* * *I.méga préfII.méga○ adj inv mega○. -
90 maxi-
maksimaxi--bouteille — one-and-a-half litre [BrE] bottle
il y a un maxi--choix — (colloq) there's a huge choice
* * *maksi préfixe(réductions, soldes) massive -
91 s'assembler
asɑ̃ble1. vpr/vi[foule] to gatherUne foule énorme s'était assemblée. — A huge crowd had gathered.
2. vpr/récip -
92 malabar
I.n. m.1. 'Hulk', hunk of a man.2. Banknote of large denomination.II.adj.1. 'Ginormous', huge, large.2. 'Ace', first-rate. -
93 monstre
I.n. m. Un petit monstre: A 'right little terror', a horrible child.II.adj. 'Whopping', huge, enormous. Il y avait un trèpe monstre: There was one hell of a crowd. -
94 CAMIF
Large mail-order firm, reputed for providing good value for money, which collapsed in late 2008. A cooperative formerly reserved for employees of the French state education system, the CAMIF opened to all in its later years, in an attempt to face up to competition from e-commerce outlets; but its high quality customer-care and after-sales service left it with huge running costs compared to other distance selling operations, and the firm went out of business at the end of 2008.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > CAMIF
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95 Gruyère
best known as a cheese from Switzerland, Gruyère has been a Swiss Appellation Contrôlée (AOC) cheese since 2001. It was designated as an AOC cheese in France too, in 2007; however while the quality criteria for the production of Gruyère in France are strict, the area of production is huge, stretching from the Alps to parts of Burgundy, and Lorraine.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Gruyère
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96 Société Générale
One of the largest French banks, SG was rocked in 2007 by a stock-trading scandal that resulted in huge losses for the bank; however, it has largely recovered from this incident which occurred just as many banks were being shaken by financial losses connected to the collapse of the US sub-prime market.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Société Générale
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97 Soixante-huit
, or 68the milestone year in French life and politics in the second half of the 20th century, when protests by students and workers almost brought down the French government, and led to sweeping changes in French society. The events of 68 were inspired and led by the young generation of the time, wishing to break out of the rather stuffy and conventional society of the time. They coincided with, though initially took a different form to, the 'youth revolution' in Britain and the USA; but while the UK's youth revolution was essentially social and cultural, and led by pop music and op art, France's revolution was political and cultural, a protest against the weight of the Gaullist state.The events of May 68 started on the drab concrete campus of the sprawling university of Nanterre in the northern suburbs of Paris, and quickly spread to other universities, notably the Sorbonne. Student leaders, among them DanielCohn- Bendit and Alain Krivine, called for radical change and the end of the 'bourgeois state'; students erected barricades in the Latin Quarter, and were soon joined by workers, notably from the huge Renault plant at Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris suburbs. Though political, the movement sidelined all existing political parties, including the Communists, considered by the new left-wing as being an 'obsolete' political force.Faced with turmoil on the streets and a partial collapse of French society, President de Gaulle fled to Germany on 29th May, before returning and promising new elections. But by the time the elections took place, theGrenelle agreements had been negotiated with the trade unions, the heat had died down, and many French people had become seriously alarmed by the turn of events. In the June elections, the Gaullist majority was returned to power with an increased majority.The events nevertheless marked the beginning of the end for de Gaulle. In 1969 he organised a referendum on decentralisation, promising to step down if the referendum failed. To a certain extent, de Gaulle's vision of decentralisation was not that wanted by the voters; but in addition, the referendum became seen as a plebiscite on the Gaullist system, rather than on decentralisation. The referendum proposal was rejected by 52.4% of voters, and de Gaulle stepped down.It is certain that a new France, less hide-bound, more emancipated and more free, emerged in the aftermath of 68. Whether this would have happened anyway, and whether the means justified the end, are questions about which there is still considerable debate in France to this day.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Soixante-huit
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98 Sorbonne, la
One of the world's oldest universities, founded in 1257. The Sorbonne is, historically, the University of Paris. Following the breaking up of the huge university of Paris in 1970, into thirteen smaller (but still large) universities, the word "Sorbonne" was kept in the name of four of the new establishments, and specifically in the university now known as "Université deParis IV - Sorbonne". This is the top-ranking Paris university for the fields of arts and social sciences. The three other "Sorbonne" universities are Paris IIISorbonne nouvelle (arts and social sicences), Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne (Law, economics and human sciences), and Université de Paris V - Descartes, Sorbonne (Medecine, maths, law and social sciences). These four universities share the historic Latin quarter university buildings, but also have campuses, teaching-blocks, libraries and research facilities throughout Paris and the inner suburbs. See higher education in France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Sorbonne, la
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99 UFR
The current designation of the main structural units of French universities, formerly known as Facultés and as UER (Unités d'Enseignement et de Recherche). Until the eudcation reforms following the events of 1968, French universities had little in the way of central structure, but were made up of autonomous Faculties. Les Facultés were officially renamed UER (unités d'enseignement et de recherche), and then later UFR. However, many universities still use the word Faculté to describe some or all of their UFR, particularly where modern UFR correspond to old traditional university faculties, such as a Faculty of Science or a Faculty of Arts ( Faculté des lettres). The word Faculté is rarely used in cases where huge old faculties have been broken down into much smaller units. See higher education in France -
100 Villiers, Philippe de
Right-wing nationalist politician, leader of the sovereignist Mouvement pour la France (Movement for France) party. An aristocrat from the Vendée department of western France, de Villiers was for six years (1987-1993) a député (member of parliament) for Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's centre-right UDF party. He was briefly Secretary of State for communication under Jacques Chirac. Since 1997, he has sat as an independent ("non-inscrit") member of parliament for Vendée. De Villiers benefits from very strong popular support in his fief of Vendée, and is regularly returned with huge majorities - which is quite surprising for a politician of the far right. However it is as leader of the MPF and as for his action as a local politician that he has really made his mark.It was in the 1977 that he first created the "Cinéscénie" son et lumière historical reenactment spectacle at le Puy du Fou, a castle in Vendée; since then, he has transformed the site into one of the biggest tourist attractions in France, with the addition of a permanent historical theme park. In 1988 he was elected leader of the Vendée county council (Président du conséil général), a position that he has held ever since.Thanks to his aristocratic catholic family background, and his personal charisma, de Villiers has managed to achieve a status as the acceptable face of right-wing nationalism, quite different from that of the other right-wing leaders in France, such as Jean Marie Le Pen of the National Front. In spite of a number of brushes with the law following various pronouncements on Islam and immigration, de Villiers remains popular. His strident participation in the debate over the European Constitution was certainly a factor that contributed to French voters' rejection of the project in the 2005 referendum. However, when competing on a national stage, de Villiers' real position as a marginal figure in French politics is more apparent. As a candidate in the 2007 Presidential Election, he scored just 2.2% of the vote, and even in his Vendée heartland, only 11.3% of voters chose him in the first round.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Villiers, Philippe de
См. также в других словарях:
huge — W2S2 [hju:dʒ] adj ↑huge, ↑tiny [Date: 1100 1200; : Old French; Origin: ahuge] 1.) extremely large in size, amount, or degree = ↑enormous ▪ a huge dog ▪ huge crowds ▪ Your room s huge compared to mine. ▪ These … Dictionary of contemporary English
huge´ly — huge «hyooj», adjective, hug|er, hug|est. 1. very, very large; unusually large in size, bulk, or dimensions: »Whales and elephants are huge animals. 2. extremely large in quantity or number: »He won a huge su … Useful english dictionary
Huge — Huge, a. [Compar. {Huger}; superl. {Hugest}.] [OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge, ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space; a huge difference. The huge … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
huge — [ hjudʒ ] adjective *** 1. ) extremely large in size: ENORMOUS: She arrived at the airport carrying two huge suitcases. a ) extremely large in number, amount, or degree: Many of today s players earn huge amounts of money from sponsorship and… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Huge — Título Huge Género Drama Creado por Sasha Paley Reparto Nikki Blonsky Hayley Hasselhoff Gina Torres Paul Dooley Raven Goodwin Ari Stidham Ashley Holliday Harvey Guillen Stefan Van Ray Zander Eckhouse Zoe Jarman Jacob Wysocki Molly Tarlov … Wikipedia Español
huge — huge·ly; huge·ness; huge·ous; huge; huge·ous·ly; … English syllables
Huge — is a word with a common meaning of something being obliquely big, but may also refer to: * Huge (album), the fourth album from alternative rock band Caroline s Spine * Huge cardinal, number in mathematics * The Huge Crew, trio of female bullies… … Wikipedia
huge — huge, vast, immense, enormous, elephantine, mammoth, giant, gigantic, gigantean, colossal, gargantuan, Herculean, cyclopean, titanic, Brobdingnagian are comparable when meaning exceedingly or excessively large. Huge is a rather general term… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
huge'ly — adverb 1. Very 2. Vastly • • • Main Entry: ↑huge … Useful english dictionary
huge — index capacious, exorbitant, far reaching, formidable, grandiose, gross (flagrant), prodigious (enormo … Law dictionary
huge — mid 12c., apparently aphetic of O.Fr. ahuge, ahoge extremely large, enormous; mighty, powerful, itself of uncertain origin. Expanded form hugeous is attested from early 15c. Related: Hugeness … Etymology dictionary