have+respect+to

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.

Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.

With ad:

aspice ad me,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:

aspicient ad me,

Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:

aspicere ad terram,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:

ad caelum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:

Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):

ad Scrofam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:

me huc aspice,

id. Am. 2, 2, 118:

faciem alicujus,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,

non audebat aspicere contra Deum,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:

formam alicujus aspicere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:

tergum alicujus,

Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:

aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 27:

me,

Vulg. Job, 7, 8:

sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:

aspicis me iratus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:

hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,

Liv. 9, 7, 11:

aliquid rectis oculis,

Suet. Aug. 16:

Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),

Ov. M. 6, 34:

aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,

id. ib. 13, 70:

aliquid oculis aequis,

Verg. A. 4, 372:

aspice vultus Ecce meos,

Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:

horrendae aspectu,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:

aspice nos hoc tantum,

look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):

unde aliqua pars aspici potest,

Cic. Mil. 3:

pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:

super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,

id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:

Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:

quasi eum aspici nefas esset,

Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:

adspici humana exta nefas habetur,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—

Absol.:

Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:

postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—

With in with acc.:

in terram aspicere,

Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:

in caelum,

ib. Matt. 14, 9.—

With super with acc.:

super castra aspicere,

Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —

Transf.

a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:

tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,

Col. 8, 8, 2:

cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:

ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,

Tac. Agr. 24:

terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,

id. G. 5.—

Of persons:

nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,

Tac. Agr. 30.—

With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):

hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,

Ov. M. 6, 14:

Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,

Liv. 42, 37:

in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,

id. 42, 67 fin.:

Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,

id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;

sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,

observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:

in auctorem fidei,

Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:

in remunerationem,

ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).

With acc.:

Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:

neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,

attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—

With a finite clause.

In the subj.:

qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,

has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:

aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:

aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,

ib. ib. 15, 47:

Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:

quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,

Ov. M. 7, 70:

Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!

Verg. E. 4, 52:

Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:

Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,

Verg. A. 10, 481:

aspice, si quid loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:

Aspice, qui coeant populi,

Verg. A. 8, 385:

Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—

In the indic. (rare):

Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,

Verg. E. 5, 6:

Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,

id. A. 6, 855:

quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,

id. ib. 6, 771:

Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,

id. Cat. 12, 1:

aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,

Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:

si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,

Ov. F. 6, 29.—

Esp.

To look upon with respect, admiration:

erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—

Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:

Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —

Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:

odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —

Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:

perii, si me aspexerit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:

respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,

Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:

aspicit hanc visamque vocat,

id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;

7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:

ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

con-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. (a strengthened cedo, and corresp. with it in most of its signiff.); lit., to go, walk; hence,

Neutr., with reference to the terminus a quo, to go or walk away from a place, to depart, retire, withdraw, remove from (in lit. signif. rare but class.).

In gen.:

concedite atque abscedite omnes, de viā decedite,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; so absol., Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 102; id. Hec. 4, 2, 21; cf.:

ipsae concedite silvae,

farewell, Verg. E. 10, 63.—With prep.:

a foribus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82:

abs te,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 51:

ab oculis alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

ex aedibus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 57.—With abl. only:

oculis,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

caelo,

Verg. A. 10, 215:

solio,

Sil. 3, 628.—With adv.:

hinc,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11.—

Esp.

Pregn. ( = cedo, II. A. 2.), to pass away, disappear, vanish, in Tac. (with and without vitā), to depart from life, die:

tumor et irae Concessere deūm,

Verg. A. 8, 41:

vitā,

to die, Tac. A. 1, 3; 3, 30; 6, 39; 12, 39; 14, 51; and absol.: quandoque concessero, id. ib. 4, 38; 13, 30;

the same: concessit superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91; cf.:

vitā per auras concessit ad Manes,

id. ib. 10, 820. —

With dat. or absol., prop. qs. to go out of the way for one (on account of his wishes, or his superior power or excellence), i. e. to yield to, submit, give way to, adapt one's self to.

To yield or submit to power or compulsion:

ut magnitudini medicinae doloris magnitudo concederet,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 29, 63:

certum est, concedere homini nato nemini,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 15:

neque nox quoquam concedit die (i. e. diei),

id. Am. 1, 1, 120 (cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 48): cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae, Cic. Poët. Off. 1, 22, 77 (cf. id. Pis. 30, 74, and Quint. 11, 1, 24):

bellum ac tumultum paci atque otio concessurum,

id. Pis. 30, 73:

voluptatem concessuram dignitati,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

injuriae,

Sall. J. 14, 24:

obsidioni,

i. e. permit, Tac. A. 13, 40:

operi meo concedite,

Ov. M. 8, 393; id. F. 1, 222:

naturae,

i. e. to die, Sall. J. 14, 15; so,

fato,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

fatis magnis,

Val. Fl. 1, 554:

apparebat aut hostibus aut civibus de victoriā concedendum esse,

Liv. 4, 6, 6; cf. so impers.:

postquam concessum propemodum de victoriā credebant,

id. 3, 60, 4.—

To give place to in excellence, dignity, rank, etc., to yield to, to give precedence:

me amantissimum tui, nemini concedentem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 2; so id. ib. 4, 3, 1;

4, 3, 4: etsi de cupiditate nemini concedam,

id. Att. 12, 47, 2:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

majestati ejus viri concedere,

Liv. 6, 6, 7:

aetati,

Sall. J. 11, 4; id. H. Fragm. 1, 17; cf. so impers.:

Sulla, cujus facundiae, non aetati a Manlio concessum,

id. J. 102, 4:

vigenti Silio,

Tac. A. 3, 43:

seniori Sentio,

id. ib. 2, 74:

ut vix Apronio illi de familiaritate concedere videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 108:

Antario Varoque de gloriā,

Tac. H. 3, 64:

nemini in illa causā studio et cupiditate concedere,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nec amore in hanc patriam nobis concedunt,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas,

Verg. E. 2, 57.—With acc. of quantity (cf. 3. infra):

magistro tantulum de arte,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118:

alicui quicquam in desperatione,

id. Att. 14, 18, 3. —

To yield, submit to one's will, comply with one's wishes:

ut tibi concedam, neque tuae libidini advorsabor,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 3:

matri meae,

id. ib. 3, 5, 28:

concessit senatus postulationi tuae,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47:

jurisconsultis concedi,

id. Caecin. 24, 67.— Impers.:

Caesar... concedendum non putabat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7.—

Like sunchôrein tini, to assent to, concede to:

nunquamne hodie concedes mihi Neque intelleges, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 22 (credes, consenties, Ruhnk.):

stultum me fateor, liceat concedere veris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 305 (cf. in Gr. sunchôrein têi alêtheiai).—

To assent to, grant, pardon, allow, etc.:

quos (judices) alienis peccatis concessuros putes, quo facilius ipsis peccare liceat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

poëtae non ignoscit, nobis concedit,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

dicto concedi,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3:

cui (vitio) si concedere nolis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 140; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 85.—Hence (cf. cedo, II. A. 3. fin.),

Act., with acc. (and dat.) aliquid alicui.

To grant, concede, allow; to consign something over to, to resign, yield, vouchsafe, confirm to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition):

illum mihi aequius est quam me illi quae volo concedere,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 47:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 9:

partem octavam pretii,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 3:

date hoc et concedite pudori meo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32; cf. Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 16:

alicui primas in dicendo partis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

amicis quicquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

neque quicquam illius audaciae,

id. Caecin. 35, 103:

doctrinam alicui,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf.:

artes tibi,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

intellegentiam, prudentiam,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

principatum imperii maritimi Atheniensibus,

Nep. Timoth. 2, 2; cf. id. Dion, 6, 3; Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 4; Prop. 2 (3), 15, 37; cf.:

tempus quieti, aut luxuriae,

Sall. J. 61, 3:

tempestivum pueris ludum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 142:

libertatem his,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15 fin.:

vitam alicui,

Suet. Caes. 68; id. Aug. 13; 16: crimen gratiae, i. e. to accuse or inform against for the sake of favor, Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 19:

peccata alicui,

to pardon him, id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128:

delicta,

Suet. Ner. 29.— Pass.: Siciliam nimis celeri desperatione rerum concessam, [p. 397] had been ceded, given up, Liv. 21, 1, 5:

Scaevolae concessa est facundiae virtus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9; 10, 1, 100 et saep.:

acrius... Ulcisci, quam nunc concessum est legibus aequis,

Lucr. 5, 1148; cf. Nep. Them. 10 fin.; Suet. Tib. 18.— Poet., with in and acc.:

concessit in iras Ipse... genitor Calydona Dianae,

gave over to be punished, Verg. A. 7, 305.—

With dat. and inf.:

nec nostrā dicere linguā Concedit nobis patrii sermonis egestas,

Lucr. 1, 831; so,

ducere neptem,

Cat. 64, 29:

esse poëtis,

Hor. A. P. 373; Suet. Aug. 44 et saep.— Impers. pass.:

de re publicā nisi per concilium loqui non conceditur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20 fin.:

quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12; Quint. 12, 1, 37; 12, 1, 42; 8, 6, 76; Suet. Ner. 12:

servis quoque pueros hujus aetatis verberare concedimus,

Curt. 8, 8, 3:

concedunt plangere matri,

Stat. Th. 6, 134:

cum accusare etiam palam concessum sit,

Quint. 6, 3, 28; 2, 17, 27; 11, 3, 150: 8, 3, 30; 12, 3, 8 al.— Poet.:

fatis numquam concessa moveri Camarina,

not allowed. forbidden to be removed, Verg. A. 3, 700; cf.

also personally: haec ubi conceduntur esse facta, for conceditur haec esse facta,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44.—

With acc. and inf.:

non omnia corpora vocem Mittere concedis,

you grant, Lucr. 2, 835:

oculos falli,

id. 4, 380; Quint. 2, 5, 25:

culpam inesse concedam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76:

poëtas legendos oratori futuro,

Quint. 1, 10, 29.— Pass. impers.:

concedatur profecto verum esse, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50. —

With ut or ne:

nec vero histrionibus oratoribusque concedendum est, ut iis haec apta sint, nobis dissoluta,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

verum concedo tibi ut ea praetereas, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

concedant ut viri boni fuerint,

id. Lael. 5, 18; id. de Or. 1, 13, 57; Lucr. 2, 658:

non concedo, ut sola sint,

Quint. 6, 2, 11 al.: cui concedi potest, ut? etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 13, 21:

ut concedatur ne in conspectum veniat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48.—

With a simple subj.:

concedo sit dives,

Cat. 114, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 523. —

Absol.:

beatos esse deos sumpsisti: concedimus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89; id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 2:

consules neque concedebant neque valde repugnabant,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 44.—

= condono, to grant or yield something to one as a favor or from regard, to desist from, forbear, give up; forgive, pardon:

inimicitias rei publicae,

to give up for the sake of the State, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 44:

petitionem alicui,

from regard to, id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

peccata liberum parentum misericordiae,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

cum Marcellum senatui reique publicae concessisti,

id. Marcell. 1, 3:

ut concessisti illum (sc. Marcellum) senatui, sic da hunc (sc. Ligarium) populo,

as you have pardoned him in deference to the Senate, id. Lig. 12, 37; cf. Nep. Att. 7 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 55; 4, 31:

Montanus patri concessus est,

id. ib. 16, 33 fin.

Neutr., in respect to the terminus ad quem, to go, walk, betake one's self somewhere, to retire, withdraw to, etc.; with ad, in, or adv.:

tantisper hic ego ad januam concessero,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 6 Wagn.; cf.:

ad Manes,

i. e. to die, Verg. A. 10, 820:

ad victorem,

Tac. H. 2, 51:

ad dexteram,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 12:

caeli distributio docet unde fulmen venerit, quo concesserit,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so Lucr. 1, 380:

huc,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 28; id. Trin. 2, 4, 116; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 122; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 270, 8:

istuc,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 56; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 39:

vis animae in altum,

Lucr. 4, 919:

in delubrum,

Liv. 30, 20, 6:

in hiberna,

id. 26, 20, 6; cf.:

Carthaginem Novam in hiberna,

id. 21, 15, 3:

Argos habitatum,

Nep. Them. 8, 1:

Cythnum,

Tac. A. 3, 69:

Neapolin,

id. ib. 14, 10:

Patavium,

id. H. 3, 11:

in insulam,

id. ib. 5, 19:

in turbam,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 143:

trans Rhenum,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

concede huc a foribus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 48:

hinc intro,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126:

hinc aliquo ab ore eorum,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11; cf.:

aliquo ab eorum oculis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

hinc rus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop.: in aliquid, of entering into an alliance, yielding to, etc., to agree or consent to, to assent, to submit, yield, or resign one's self, to acquiesce in, to go or pass over to any thing (freq. in the histt.):

mulier, conjuncta viro, concessit in unum Conubium,

Lucr. 5, 1010; cf.:

in matrimonium,

Just. 24, 2, 10: victi omnes in gentem nomenque imperantium concessere, were merged in, passed over into, Sall. J. 18, 12; so,

in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem,

id. C. 20, 7; cf.:

in dicionem,

Liv. 38, 16, 9:

in dominationem,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22 Gerl.:

in deditionem,

Liv. 28, 7, 9; 39, 2, 4; 42, 53, 7:

in Tyrias leges,

Sil. 15, 6:

in condiciones,

Liv. 2, 33, 1:

in sententiam,

id. 32, 23, 12; 32, 36, 8; Tac. A. 1, 79 fin.; cf.: in illos, assent to, yield to them, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Avid. 3, 7:

in partes,

Tac. H. 2, 1.

con-sĕnesco, nŭi, 3, v. inch., to grow old together, to grow or become old or gray (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

(Baucis et Philemon) illā consenuere casā,

Ov. M. 8, 634: socerorum in armis, * Hor. C. 3, 5, 8; cf.:

in patriā meā,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 12:

alieno in agro (exercitus),

Liv. 9, 19, 6:

in exilio,

id. 35, 34, 7:

in ultimo terrarum orbis angulo,

Vell. 2, 102, 3:

circa Casilinum Cumasque,

Liv. 30, 20, 9:

Smyrnae,

Suet. Gram. 6.—

Meton.

In Quint., to grow old or gray in an occupation, to follow it too long:

in commentariis rhetorum,

Quint. 3, 8, 67 in quā umbrā, id. 10, 5, 17; and:

in unā ejus specie,

id. 12, 11, 16.—

In a more general sense (causa pro effectu), to become weak, infirm, powerless, to waste away, fall into disuse, decay, fade, lose force, etc.

With living subjects:

prae maerore atque aegritudine,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 63; cf. id. Capt. 1, 2, 25:

in manibus alicujus et gremio maerore et lacrimis,

Cic. Clu. 5, 13; Liv. 35, 34, 7:

(columbae) si inclusae consenescunt,

Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 6; so id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

veturno,

Col. 7, 5, 3.—

Trop., to lose consideration or respect: omnes illius partis auctores ac socios nullo adversario consenescere. Cic. Att. 2, 23, 2.—

With inanimate subjects: ova consenescunt, Varr R. R. 3, 9, 8; cf.:

vinea soli vitio consenuit,

Col. 4, 22, 8:

veru in manibus,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 15; cf.:

consenuit haec tabula carie,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91: haut ulla carina Consenuit, not one has grown old, i. e. all have perished, Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 36: (nobis) viget aetas, animus valet; contra illis annis atque divitiis omnia consenuerunt, Sall. C. 20, 10 Kritz and Fabri:

quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint,

Cic. Sen. 9, 29;

with vires,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

animum quoque patris consenuisse in adfecto corpore,

id. 9, 3, 8: noster amicus Magnus, cujus cognomen unā cum Crassi Divitis cognomine consenescit. Cic. Att. 2, 13, 2:

veteres leges aut. ipsā suā vetustate consenuisse aut novis legibus esse sublatas,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 247;

so of laws,

Liv. 3, 31, 7:

invidia,

Cic. Clu. 2, 5:

rabies et impetus,

Flor. 3, 3, 5:

oratio dimetiendis pedibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 112.

dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.

dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.

In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

Lucr. 3, 224:

(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

id. ib. 1, 2:

decedere de provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

147): de vita decedere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

exire de vita,

id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

excedere e vita,

id. ib. 3, 12):

de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

de castris procedere,

Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

Cato R. R. 157, 6:

de digito anulum detraho,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

id. Sest. 33, 72:

ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

... decido de lecto praeceps,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

de muro se deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

de sella exsilire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

de caelo aliquid demittere,

Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—

In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

emere de aliquo,

Cato R. R. 1, 4:

aliquid mercari de aliquo,

Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

saepe hoc audivi de patre,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

Suet. Ner. 46:

ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

Ov. F. 4, 822;

so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.

To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

caupo de via Latina,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

nescio qui de circo maximo,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

id. Or. 15, 47:

homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

nautae de navi Alexandrina,

Suet. Aug. 98:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

Libyca de rupe leones,

Ov. F. 2, 209:

nostro de rure corona,

Tib. 1, 1, 15:

Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

Juv. 6, 344 al.:

de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

de Numitore sati,

Ov. F. 5, 41:

de libris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

de Philocteta, id,

ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

e Philocteta versus,

Quint. 3, 1, 14).

Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

de tergo plagas dare,

from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

de paupere mensa dona,

Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760:

lucerna de camera pendebat,

Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

Ov. F. 1, 152:

de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.

In time.

Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

de concursu,

Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

Cic. Att. 12, 3:

non bonus somnus est de prandio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

diem de die proferendo,

Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.

De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

vigilas tu de nocte,

id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

de nocte evigilabat,

Suet. Vesp. 21:

ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

multa de nocte,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

media de nocte,

at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

de tertia vigilia,

id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

de quarta vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

de die potare,

by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

epulari de die,

Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

bibulus media de luce Falerni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

navigare de mense Decembri,

in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.

In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.

To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

si quis de nostris hominibus,

id. Flacc. 4:

quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

accusator de plebe,

id. Brut. 34, 131:

pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

malus poëta de populo,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

quantum de vita perdiderit,

Petr. 26:

praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —

Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly

to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;

for greater precision:

si quae sunt de eodem genere,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

persona de mimo,

id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;

in the poets, metri gratiā:

aliquid de more vetusto,

Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

laudes de Caesare,

Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

cetera de genere hoc,

Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).

To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

de tuo,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

de suo,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

de nostro,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

de vestro,

Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

de vestris,

Ov. F. 3, 828:

de alieno,

Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

de publico,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

de te largitor puer,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.

To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

niveo factum de marmore signum,

Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

verno de flore corona,

Tib. 2, 1, 59:

sucus de quinquefolio,

Plin. 26, 4, 11:

cinis de fico,

Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

de templo carcerem fleri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

captivum de rege facturi,

Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

fles de rhetore consul,

Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

de nihilo nihilum,

Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.

In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

dubitare de re,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

de suo adventu docere,

Suet. Caes. 9:

de moribus admonere,

Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,

To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

de labore pectus tundit,

with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

humus fervet de corpore,

id. ib. 7, 560:

facilius de odio creditur,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.

To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

credere de numero militum,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

de numero dierum fidem servare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

id. Jug. 26, 1:

concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

Liv. 6, 42:

solem de virgine rapta consule,

Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

de argento somnium,

as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

de Dionysio sum admiratus,

Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

de Samnitibus triumphare,

concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

de Atheniensibus victoria,

Curt. 8, 1, 33.

To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

de more vetusto,

Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

de nomine,

id. ib. 1, 447:

patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

id. F. 3, 77.

With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.

De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—

De improviso, unexpectedly:

ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—

De transverso, unexpectedly:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.

or pron. and its substantive; cf.

above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

quo de,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

qua de,

id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.

In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—

Signif.

Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—

Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—

With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—

Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—

Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

frīgĕo, ēre, v. n. [frigus], to be cold, chilly, to freeze (opp. calere, to be hot, to glow; whereas algere, subject., to feel cold, to freeze, is opp. aestuare, to feel hot; v. caleo and algeo; class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).

Lit.:

tange: si non totus friget, me enica,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 5; cf.:

summosque pedes attinge manusque: Non frigent,

Pers. 3, 109:

friget aether,

Auct. Aetn. 331: corpusque lavant frigentis et unguunt, of him who was cold and stiff, i. e. of the dead, Verg. A. 6, 219:

gelidus tardante senecta sanguis hebet, frigentque effetae in corpore vires,

id. ib. 5, 396.—

Trop.

To be inactive or at a standstill, to have nothing to do; to be lifeless, languid, frigid; of things, to flag, droop:

in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21; cf.: quod tibi supra scripsi, Curionem valde frigere, jam calet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

valde metuo, ne frigeas in hibernis: quamobrem camino luculento utendum censeo,

Cic. Fam. 7, 10, 2:

frigens animis,

Sil. 16, 598:

quantum stupere atque frigere... Caecilius visus est!

to be frigid, Gell. 2, 23, 7:

frigere (al. frigida) videntur ista plerisque,

to be dull, frigid, Quint. 4, 2, 59: sermonem quaerere;

ubi friget, huc evasit, etc.,

flags, halts, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 11 Ruhnk.—Prov.:

Sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 6; also ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60.—

With respect to the estimation or favor in which a person or thing stands, to be coldly received, coldly treated, slighted, disregarded, to be without power:

quare tibicen Antigenidas dixerit discipulo sane frigenti ad populum: Mihi cane et Musis,

Cic. Brut. 50, 187: plane jam, Brute, frigeo; organon enim erat meum senatus;

id jam est dissolutum,

id. Fam. 11, 14, 1:

Nimirum homines frigent,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 37; Serv. ad Verg. G. 4, 104:

Memmius quidem friget, Scaurum autem jampridem Pompeius abjecit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 3 (for which:

Memmius mirum in modum jacet, Scaurus refrixerat,

id. ib. 3, 2 fin.:

Memmius plane refrixerat,

id. Att. 4, 18, 3):

jacent beneficia Nuculae, friget patronus Antonius,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 14:

an hoc significas, nihil fieri, frigere te?

id. Fam. 7, 18, 2:

prima contio Pompei frigebat,

remained unnoticed, id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

cum omnia consilia frigerent,

were of no effect, id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 60:

sin autem ista frigebunt, recipias te ad nos,

id. Fam. 7, 11 fin.

H, h, the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet and the weakest guttural. The sign is borrowed from the Greek, in which H was the old form of the spiritus asper, corresp. to the Latin H-sound (HEKATON, hekaton, ÊOS, hos, etc.). Even some of the ancients doubted whether the Latin H was properly a letter:

si H littera est, non nota,

Quint. 1, 5, 19; cf.:

H litteram, sive illam spiritum magis quam litteram dici oportet, etc.,

Gell. 2, 3, 1. Before the fall of the republic, the sound of H before vowels became so weak that it was frequently omitted in writing; and this weakness became more marked in many words in the time of the empire; cf.: aheneus and aeneus; cohors and coörs; prehendo and prendo; vehemens and vemens, etc. (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 96 sqq.).As an initial and medial, H may be combined with any vowel, but the orthography, in this respect, was inconstant: thus we have herus and erus; honus, honera, and onus, onera; harundo and arundo; and even hac for ac (Inscr. Orell. 23); aruspex and haruspex; ercisco, erctum, and hercisco, herctum; aheneus and aëneus; Annibal and Hannibal; Adria and Hadria, etc.; v. Gell. l. l.—As a sign for the aspiration of the consonants c, p, r, and t (as in Greek the aspirates ch, ph, th were originally designated by KH, HH, TH), H first came into use in the seventh century of Rome; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and v. the letter C.— Medial h is often dropped.—As a final, h occurs only in the interjections ah and vah.In the formation of words, h was changed into c before t, as tractum from traho; vectum from veho; and coalesced with s into x, as traxi, vexi; cf. also onyx from onych-s; v. the letter X.As an abbreviation, H. denotes hic, haec, hoc, hujus, etc.; habet, heres, honor, etc. HH. heredes. H. AQ. hic acquiescit. H. B. M. heredes bene merenti. H. C. Hispania citerior or hic condiderunt. H. E. T. heres ex testamento. H. F. C. heres faciundum curavit. H. L. hunc locum. H. L. ET. M. H. N. S. hic locus et monumentum heredem non sequitur. H. M. S. D. M. hoc monumentum sine dolo malo. H. S. E. hic situs est. H. S. F. hoc sibi fecit, etc.; v. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 461 sq.

for sestertium does not strictly belong here, because H is not the letter of that shape, but the numeral II. crossed; v. sestertius init.

H, h, the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet and the weakest guttural. The sign is borrowed from the Greek, in which H was the old form of the spiritus asper, corresp. to the Latin H-sound (HEKATON, hekaton, ÊOS, hos, etc.). Even some of the ancients doubted whether the Latin H was properly a letter:

si H littera est, non nota,

Quint. 1, 5, 19; cf.:

H litteram, sive illam spiritum magis quam litteram dici oportet, etc.,

Gell. 2, 3, 1. Before the fall of the republic, the sound of H before vowels became so weak that it was frequently omitted in writing; and this weakness became more marked in many words in the time of the empire; cf.: aheneus and aeneus; cohors and coörs; prehendo and prendo; vehemens and vemens, etc. (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 96 sqq.).As an initial and medial, H may be combined with any vowel, but the orthography, in this respect, was inconstant: thus we have herus and erus; honus, honera, and onus, onera; harundo and arundo; and even hac for ac (Inscr. Orell. 23); aruspex and haruspex; ercisco, erctum, and hercisco, herctum; aheneus and aëneus; Annibal and Hannibal; Adria and Hadria, etc.; v. Gell. l. l.—As a sign for the aspiration of the consonants c, p, r, and t (as in Greek the aspirates ch, ph, th were originally designated by KH, HH, TH), H first came into use in the seventh century of Rome; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and v. the letter C.— Medial h is often dropped.—As a final, h occurs only in the interjections ah and vah.In the formation of words, h was changed into c before t, as tractum from traho; vectum from veho; and coalesced with s into x, as traxi, vexi; cf. also onyx from onych-s; v. the letter X.As an abbreviation, H. denotes hic, haec, hoc, hujus, etc.; habet, heres, honor, etc. HH. heredes. H. AQ. hic acquiescit. H. B. M. heredes bene merenti. H. C. Hispania citerior or hic condiderunt. H. E. T. heres ex testamento. H. F. C. heres faciundum curavit. H. L. hunc locum. H. L. ET. M. H. N. S. hic locus et monumentum heredem non sequitur. H. M. S. D. M. hoc monumentum sine dolo malo. H. S. E. hic situs est. H. S. F. hoc sibi fecit, etc.; v. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 461 sq.

for sestertium does not strictly belong here, because H is not the letter of that shape, but the numeral II. crossed; v. sestertius init.

hŏmo, ĭnis (archaic form hemonem hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. humanus init., and nēmo, from nĕ-hĕmo: homōnem, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. = [p. 860] Ann. v. 141 Vahl.:

hŏmōnes,

Naev. 1, 1), comm. [root in humus, Gr. chamai; cf. Germ. -gam in Bräutigam; O. H. Germ. gomo; Goth. guma; Old Engl. goom; Engl. groom; cf. also Gr. epichthonioi; Hebr. Adam], a human being, man.

Lit.

In gen.:

animal hoc providum, sagax, multiplex, acutum, memor, plenum rationis et consilii quem vocamus hominem, praeclara quadam condicione generatum esse a summo deo, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22; cf.

, on the natural history of man,

Plin. 7 praef. sq.; § 5 sq.: decem hominibus vitam eripis, indictā causā, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 25 (24), 12: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.); cf.: unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 313 ib.): navus repertus homo Graio patre Graius homo rex, id. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183 ib.):

homo jam grandior,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 15:

homo amicus nobis... homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 86 sq.; cf.:

bonus homo et nobis amicus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18 fin.: quid est, quod homo masculus lubentius videre debeat bella uxore? Varr. ap. Non. 248, 16:

infelix,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169:

homo omni doctrina eruditus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

homo summā prudentiā, multā etiam doctrinā,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

de hujus hominis (i. e. Pompei) felicitate, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

iners atque inutilis,

id. Off. 3, 6, 31; cf.:

contemptus et abjectus,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

insulsus,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; cf.

also: hominum homo stultissime,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10:

quid hoc homine faciatis?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 42:

consulere generi hominum,

the human race, mankind, id. Rep. 3, 12:

genus hominum,

id. ib. 2, 26; id. de Or. 1, 9, 36; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7 et saep. (more freq., genus humanum; v. humanus and genus); cf.:

natura hominem conciliat homini... hominum coetus et celebrationes,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

placet Stoicis, quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum causa esse generatos,

id. ib. 1, 7, 22:

homines plurimum hominibus et prosunt et obsunt,

id. ib. 2, 5, 17: is dictus popularibus olim, Qui tum vivebant homines, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 15, 58 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.):

homines Romani,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

lege conciliati homines cum dis putandi sunt,

id. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 16 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Ann. v. 566 Vahl.); so, id. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4 (Ann. v. 567) and ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 254); but homo, sing., is used of the human race, mankind (= homines, genus humanum), when it has no predicate joined with it:

qua haud scio an quidquam melius sit homini datum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20; 3, 11:

taces, Monstrum hominis?

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 29; cf.:

odium illud hominis impuri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

quid hoc sit hominis?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf.:

quid illuc hominus est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 17;

in addresses: nisi caves tu homo, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

tu homo adigis me ad insaniam,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 31.—In apposition:

mares homines,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 32:

amanti homini adulescenti,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

filius homo adulescens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 52;

v. adulescens: verberare hominem senem,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 23:

servom hominem,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 62:

oculi hominis histrionis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

nemo homo,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29; cf.:

ut homo nemo velit nisi hominis similis esse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78;

v. nemo. —Of females: mater, cujus ea stultitia est, ut eam nemo hominem appellare possit,

Cic. Clu. 70, 199:

quae (Io) bos ex homine est,

Ov. F. 5, 620; Juv. 6, 284:

dulcissimum ab hominis camelinum lac,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123: homines feminae (opp. mares homines), Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 3.—

Prov.

Quot homines, tot sententiae, many men, many minds, i. e. every one has his own opinion, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 14; Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 15.—

Ut homo est, ita morem geras, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77 (but in Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 36 spurious, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Homines, dum docent, discunt, Sen. Ep. 7, 8 fin. —

Aiunt homines plus in alieno negotio videre quam in suo, the lookers-on see farther in the game than the players, id. ib. 109, 16. —

Homo nulli coloris, neither fish nor flesh, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99.—

Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

homo ego sum, homo tu es,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 46.—

Lupus homo homini, non homo, quom qualis sit non novit, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 88.—

In partic.

Pregn., in a good or a bad sense.

In a good sense (cf. vir), a man, as a reasonable or moral being:

homo es, qui me emunxisti mucidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

si homo esset, eum potius legeret,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

nox te expolivit hominemque reddidit,

id. de Or. 2, 10, 40:

si vis homo esse,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

homines visi sumus,

id. ib. 13, 52, 2:

nos quod simus, quod habeamus, quod homines existimemur, id omne abs te habere,

id. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

si tu sis homo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 11:

et tu illum tuom, si esses homo, sineres, etc.,

if you had a man's sense, id. ib. 1, 2, 27:

exuens hominem ex homine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: cum Socrates Alcibiadi persuasisset, eum nihil hominis esse, that he was nothing of a man (i. e. in no respect such as a man should be), id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77:

(Nero) dicebat se quasi hominem tandem habitare coepisse,

like a human being, Suet. Ner. 31:

me hominem inter homines voluit esse,

Petr. 39. —

In a bad sense, a man, as a weak, mortal being, subject to error, of low condition (rare):

fateor me saepe peccasse, nam et homo sum et adhuc juvenis,

Petr. 130: cf.

homines sumus, non dei,

id. 75:

(Demosthenes, Homerus) summi sunt, homines tamen,

Quint. 10, 1, 25.—In fem.: quae si hoc tempore non diem suum obiisset, paucis post annis tamen ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.—Also of servants (as distinguished from a free Roman): homo P. Quinti, Quintus's man, i. e. his slave, servant, Cic. Quint. 19, 61:

vinum familiae... Saturnalibus et Compitalibus in singulos homines congios,

Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Cat. 10, 16.—

In opp. to a woman, a man (anteand post-class., and very rare):

mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 57; Lact. 2, 12; Dig. 48, 19, 38.—

In milit. lang., homines, opp. to cavalry, foot-soldiers, infantry:

capti homines equitesque producebantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 39, 5; cf. vir. —

Homo novus, v. novus.—

Bodies, corpses:

jam pigritia singulos sepeliendi promisce acervatos cumulos hominum urebant,

Liv. 5, 48, 3.—

Particular phrases.

Paucorum hominum esse, to have but few intimates, be choice in one's company: (Maecenas) paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae. Hor. S. 1, 9, 44:

homo est Perpaucorum hominum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19.— Hence, comically, of the favorite but rare fish, acipenser: Scipio vide, quid agas: acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12 (see the anecdote in connection).—

Inter homines esse (agere).

To be among the living, to be alive, to live (very rare):

Hercules numquam abiisset ad deos, nisi cum inter homines esset, eam sibi viam munivisset,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

inter homines esse desinere,

i. e. to die, Dig. 31, 1, 59; so,

agere inter homines desinere,

Tac. A. 15, 74 fin.:

ab hominibus ereptus est,

Dig. 31, 1, 58.—

To see the world, be among men:

iste homo qui numquam inter homines fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76.—

Transf., esp. in familiar lang., the man, the fellow, instead of the pron. he, his, him:

haben argentum ab homine?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 65:

ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, ut, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:

itast homo,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 63:

dixit, se senatui roganti de Marcello ne hominis quidem causa negaturum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

ei medico imperasti, ut venas hominis incideret,

id. Pis. 34, 83:

tantum esse in homine sceleris,

id. Sest. 9, 22 Halm.; 41, 89; id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

persuasit homini,

Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

aut insanit homo aut versus facit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 117:

agnoscit hominem Caesar,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 19 Burm. ad loc.; al.—

Hic homo, this man, = I, myself (ante-class. and poet.):

hunc hominem velles si tradere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 47:

solus hic homo est, qui sciat, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

tibi verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 114 (cf. hic, G.).

ingĕnĭum, ii, n. [in-geno, from gigno], innate or natural quality, nature.

In gen. (so mostly poet.; in Sall. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): pro ingenio ego me liberum esse ratus sum, pro imperio tuo tibi servire aequom censeo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22: ite in frundiferos locos Ingenio arbusta ubi nata sunt, non obsita, by their own nature, Naev. ap. Non. 323, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.); so,

loci,

Sall. H. 3, 18 Dietsch:

locorum hominumque ingenia,

Liv. 28, 12, 11; Tac. A. 6, 41; id. H. 1, 51; Flor. 2, 6, 16 al.:

terrae,

Liv. 37, 54, 21:

montis,

Tac. H. 2, 4; cf.:

campi suopte ingenio humentes,

id. ib. 5, 14:

arvorum,

Verg. G. 2, 177;

and, portūs,

Sil. 14, 283:

arbores sui cujusque ingenii poma ferunt,

Col. 3, 1, 2:

lactis ingenia et proprietates,

Gell. 12, 1, 14:

ingenium velox igni, Sev. Aetn. 214: crines ingenio suo flexi,

naturally, Petr. 126:

ut magistratus imperio suo vehemens mansueto permitteretur ingenio,

Liv. 2, 30, 4; cf.:

cum honesta suopte ingenio peterentur,

in consequence of its own nature, Tac. A. 3, 26:

mitis ingenio,

id. ib. 6, 15:

cunctator ingenio,

id. ib. 15, 1:

ingenio trux,

id. H. 1, 21.—

Rarely of beasts: mitior ad feras bestias, praecipitia ingenia sortitas,

Curt. 8, 1, 35.—

In partic., of persons.

Natural disposition, temper, mode of thinking, character, bent, inclination:

feci ego ingenium meum,

have acted out, Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 2:

ita ingenium meumst,

id. Am. 3, 2, 18:

ut ingenium est omnium hominum ab labore proclive ad lubidinem,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

liberale,

id. ib. 4, 5, 59:

pium ac pudicum,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 77:

durum atque inexorabile,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 12:

inhumanum,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 41:

lene in liberos,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99:

utinam nunc matrescam ingenio,

Pac. Con. Rel. v. 139 Rib. (1 Rib., maturescam):

mobile,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 22:

cicur et mansuetum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 91 Müll.:

inverecundum animi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 45, 83: vera loqui etsi meum ingenium non moneret. Liv. 3, 68, 9:

ingenio suo vivere,

id. 3, 36, 1: redire ad ingenium, to return to one ' s natural bent, to one ' s old courses, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46:

Volscis levatis metu suum rediit ingenium,

Liv. 2, 22, 3: quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt, id. 1, 9, 16:

vanum dictatoris,

id. 1, 27, 1:

mitis ingenii juvenem,

id. 1, 46, 4:

Turni ferox,

id. 1, 51, 7:

temperare suum,

to control his temper, id. 8, 36, 5:

horrida,

Curt. 4, 6, 3:

molliora,

id. 5, 6, 18:

humana,

id. 5, 10, 13:

felix,

Sen. Ep. 95, 36:

rapax,

id. ad Helv. 17, 4:

atrox,

Tac. A. 4, 50:

procax,

id. H. 3, 32: ingenium ingeni, in Plautus, signifies peculiarity of disposition, Stich. 1, 2, 69.—

Concr. collect.:

tanto corruptius iter immixtis histrionibus et spadonum gregibus et cetero Neronianae aulae ingenio,

the people who gave character to the court, Tac. H. 2, 71.—

With respect to intelligence.

Natural capacity, talents, parts, abilities, genius:

docilitas, memoria, quae fere appellantur uno ingenii nomine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13, 36:

ingenium ad fingendum,

id. Font. 14, 30:

excellens ac singulare,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 298:

vir acerrimo ingenio,

id. Or. 5, 18:

cujus tanta vis ingenii est, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 299:

tardum,

id. ib. 2, 27, 117:

acutum aut retusum,

id. de Div. 1, 36, 72:

eximium,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

praestantissimum,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 51:

magnum,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

illustre,

id. Cael. 1, 1:

oratorium,

Tac. Dial. 10:

pulcherrimum et maximum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 4:

hebetatum, fractum, contusum,

id. ib. 8, 14, 9:

celeres ingenii motus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 113:

ingenii acies,

id. ib. 3, 5, 20:

ingenii lumen,

id. Brut. 15, 59:

ingenii vis,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

ingenii vena,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 9:

ingenii vigor,

Ov. M. 8, 254:

ingenii celeritas,

Nep. Eum. 1:

ingenii docilitas,

id. Att. 1:

ingenio abundare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 1:

ingenio valere,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

ingenio divino esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:

ingenio hebeti esse,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17:

in eo ingenium ejus elucere videbatis,

id. Cael. 19, 45:

colere et imbuere ingenium artibus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 16:

acuere,

Quint. 1, 4, 7:

alere,

id. 1, 8, 8:

exercere multiplici variāque materiā,

id. 2, 4, 20:

versabatur in hoc nostro studio cum ingenio,

with cleverness, Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 2; so,

cum ingenio,

Dig. 1, 16, 9:

ingenii memoria immortalis est,

Sen. Polyb. 18, 2.— Plur.:

acutiora ingenia et ad intellegendum aptiora eorum, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 42:

aliae (partes agrorum) quae acuta ingenia gignant, aliae quae retusa,

intellects, id. Div. 1, 36, 79 fin. —

Transf.

A genius, i. e. a man of genius, a clever, ingenious person:

excepi voluntatem tam excellens ingenium fuisse in civitate,

Cic. Brut. 40, 147; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2; Liv. 41, 4, 3:

nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit,

Sen. Tranq. An. 17, 10. — Plur.:

ut saepe summa ingenia in occulto latent,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 62:

decora,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

magna,

id. H. 1, 1:

nostra (i. e. oratores,

id. Dial. 1; id. Agr. 2; Sen. Ep. 2, 1; id. ad Polyb. 27, 1:

candidissimus omnium magnorum ingeniorum aestimator Livius,

id. Suas. 6, 22:

ingenia et artes vel maxime fovit,

Suet. Vesp. 18; id. Aug. 89:

id in magnis animis ingeniisque plerumque contingit,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 74.—

Of things, an invention, a clever thought:

exquisita ingenia cenarum,

Plin. Pan. 49, 7; cf. Tac. H. 3, 28:

noctium suarum ingenia (= flagitiosae libidinis inventiones),

voluptuous inventions, id. A. 16, 20.

parco, pĕperci, less freq. parsi (the former constantly in Cic. and Cæs., the latter ante-class. and post-Aug.: parcui, Naev. ap. Non. 153, 21, or Com. 69 Rib.; part. fut. parsurus, Liv. 26, 13, 16; Suet. Tib. 62:

parciturus,

Hier. Ep. 14, 2), parsum, and less correctly parcĭtum, 3, v. n. and a. [for sparco; Gr. sparnos, rare; cf. Engl. spare; but v. also paucus, parvus], to act sparingly, be sparing with respect to a thing, to spare; constr. usually with dat. or absol.; ante-class. also with acc.

Lit.

Of things (rare but class.).

With dat.:

nihil pretio parsit, filio dum parceret,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 32:

operae meae,

id. Mil. 4, 9, 3:

te rogo sumptu ne parcas,

Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

non parcam operae,

id. ib. 13, 27, 1:

nec impensae, nec labori, nec periculo parsurum,

Liv. 35, 44:

petit, ne cui rei parcat ad ea perficienda,

Nep. Paus. 2, 5.—

Absol.:

frumentum se exigue dierum XXX. habere, sed paulo etiam longius tolerare posse parcendo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4.— Poet.:

parcens = parcus: parcentes ego dexteras Odi (= parcius administrantes vinum, flores, etc.),

Hor. C. 3, 19, 21.—

With acc. (ante-class. and poet.):

oleas,

Cato, R. R. 58:

pecuniam,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 11:

argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta, Gnatis parce tuis,

spare, reserve for your children, Verg. A. 10, 532 Serv.—Prov.:

qui parcit virgae odit filium,

Vulg. Prov. 13, 24.—

Of persons, to spare, have mercy upon, forbear to injure or punish (eccl. and late Lat.), usually with dat.:

non pepercisti filio tuo,

Vulg. Gen. 22, 16; id. 2 Pet. 2, 4 et saep.—

Trop.

To spare, i. e. to preserve by sparing, to use carefully, not to injure.

With dat.:

tibi parce,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 112:

justitia autem praecipit, parcere omnibus, consulere generi hominum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12: aedificiis omnibus publicis et privatis, id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 120:

amicitiis et dignitatibus,

id. Or. 26, 89; id. Phil. 2, 24, 59:

non aetate confectis, non mulieribus, non infantibus pepercerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

subjectis, sed debellare superbos,

Verg. A. 6, 853:

ne reliquis quidem nepotibus parsurus creditur,

Suet. Tib. 62:

alicujus auribus,

i. e. to refrain from speaking on disagreeable topics, Cic. Quint. 12, 40; so,

auribus et consuetudini,

id. de Or. 3, 43, 170:

valetudini,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 1:

famae,

Prop. 1, 16, 11:

oculis,

i. e. to turn away one's eyes from an unpleasant sight, id. 4, 9, 35:

luminibus,

Tib. 1, 2, 33; Suet. Dom. 11:

parcit Cognatis maculis similis fera,

Juv. 15, 159.—

With in and acc. (ante-and post-class.):

neque parcit in hostes,

Lucr. 6, 399:

parce in feminam,

App. M. 1, p. 105, 39.—

Absol. ( poet.):

thyrso parcente ferit,

i. e. lightly, Stat. Ach. 1, 572.—

To abstain or refrain from doing a thing; to forbear, leave off, desist, stop, cease, let alone, omit (cf.: desino, mitto): meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Müll.; cf. Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 3; id. Pers. 2, 5, 11; so,

neque parcetur labori,

Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2:

auxilio,

to make no use of proffered assistance, id. Planc. 35, 86:

lamentis,

Liv. 6, 3:

bello,

abstain from, Verg. A. 9, 656:

hibernis parcebant flatibus Euri,

id. G. 2, 339:

parce metu,

cease from, id. A. 1, 257.—

With inf., to refrain, forbear (not in class. prose):

visere opera tua,

Cato, R. R. 1, 1:

hancine ego vitam parsi perdere,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 2:

proinde parce, sis, fidem ac jura societatis jactare,

Liv. 34, 32:

parcite, oves, nimium procedere,

Verg. E. 3, 94:

pias scelerare manus,

id. A. 3, 42:

defundere vinum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 58:

ne parce dare,

id. C. 1, 28, 23:

parce postea paupertatem cuiquam objectare,

App. Mag. 23, p. 289, 3; Aug. Ep. 43, 24:

ori,

to refrain from speaking, Vulg. Job, 7, 11.—

With acc.:

parcito linguam in sacrificiis dicebatur, i. e. coërceto, contineto, taceto,

Fest. p. 222 Müll.—

With ab, to desist from:

precantes, ut a caedibus et ab incendiis parceretur,

Liv. 25, 25, 6; so with abl. alone:

caede,

Aus. Epigr. 130, 4.

prŏbo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [1. probus].

To try, test, examine, inspect, judge of any thing in respect of its goodness, fitness, etc. (rare in class. Lat.; not in Cic. or Cæs.; in eccl. Lat. very freq.).

Lit.:

militem neque a moribus neque a fortunā probabat, sed tantum a viribus,

Suet. Caes. 65:

tus probatur candore, etc.,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65:

mucronem cultri ad buccam,

Petr. 70:

terram amaram sive macram,

Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33:

denarios,

id. 33, 9, 46, § 132:

pecuniam,

Dig. 46, 3, 39; cf.:

sicut probavi ipse,

have learned, proved by experience, Pall. 12, 7, 22:

aurum per ignem probatur,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 1, 7:

juga boum,

id. Luc. 14, 19.—

Trop.:

tuo ex ingenio mores alienos probas,

judge of, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 30; id. Trin. 4, 3, 42:

amicitias utilitate,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 8.— So, to test, try, prove, examine the mind or heart:

ipsi vos probate,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 13, 5; cf. id. Zach. 13, 9; id. Psa. 138, 1 et saep.—

To esteem as good, serviceable, fit, just, etc.; to be satisfied with, to approve a thing (class.; cf.

comprobare): quis est, qui non probet, qui non laudet?

Cic. Mil. 28, 77:

istam rationem laudo vehementer et probo,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5: Cato ea sentit, quae non probantur in vulgus, id. Par. prooem.; id. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

Asia picem Idaeam maxime probat,

Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 128.—With objectclause:

Caesar maxime probat coactis navibus mare transire et Pompeium sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 29.—

In partic. (mil. t. t.), to approve for military service, to recruit, enlist: quo (die) primum probati sunt, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 30, 2.—

To declare any thing well done, to express approbation of, to approve a thing:

laudant fabrum atque aedes probant,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 20:

domum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3:

villam,

Liv. 4, 22:

petentibus, ut ad opera probanda, anni et sex mensium tempus prorogaretur,

id. 45, 15:

plausu probatae puellae,

Juv. 11, 164.—

To approve a person, to recognize as fit or worthy:

ad unum Vercingetorigem probant imperatorem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 6:

quā impudentiā est, eumne testem improbabit quem judicem probarit?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45.—

To represent or show a thing to be good, serviceable, fit, right, etc., to make acceptable, to recommend; and: aliquid alicui, to convince one of any thing:

quos (libros), ut spero, tibi valde probabo,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

officium meum P. Servilio,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82:

causam alicui,

id. Quint. 30, 92:

nostrum officium ac diligentiam,

id. Div. in Caecil. 22, 72:

factum suum alicui,

id. Att. 16, 7, 4:

omnia facta dictaque mea sanctissimis moribus tuis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (20), 3.—With de:

quibus de meo celeri reditu non probabam,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 4: se alicui, to make one's self acceptable:

(Epicurus) multis se probavit,

id. Fin. 2, 25, 81:

quā in legatione (Ligarius) et civibus et sociis ita se probavit, ut, etc.,

id. Lig. 1, 2.— Pass.:

mihi egregie probata est oratio tua,

has pleased, Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 8.—

In partic., to make a thing credible, to show, prove, demonstrate:

crimen,

Cic. Fl. 37, 93:

his ego judicibus non probabo, C. Verrem contra leges pecunias cepisse?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

causam paucis verbis,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

se memorem probare,

grateful, id. Fam. 10, 24, 1:

perfacile factu esse illis probat, conata perficere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

hoc difficile est probatu,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 1:

et patrio pater esse metu probor,

my paternal fear shows that I am your father, Ov. M. 2, 91:

sicut Thrasvmachi probat exitus,

Juv. 7, 204.—With se: malo praesens observantiā, indulgentiā, assiduitate memorem me tibi probare, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1.—

To represent, pass off a person for another:

loquebantur suppositum in ejus locum, quem pro illo probare velles,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 78:

quod tu istis lacrumis te probare postulas, Non pluris refert quam, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 101.—So absol.: forma et aetas ipsast, facile ut pro eunucho probes, pass for one, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 84.—Hence, prŏbātus, a, um, P. a.

Tried, tested, proved, of approved goodness, good, excellent (syn. spectatus).

Of persons:

ceterarum homines artium spectati et probati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ingeniosos et opulentos, et aetatis spatio probatos,

id. Top. 19, 73:

operum probatissimi artifices,

Col. 11, 1, 6:

probatissima femina,

most excellent, Cic. Caecin. 4, 10.—

Of things:

argentum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 1:

probata experimento cultura,

Quint. 10, 2, 2:

boleti probatissimi,

Plin. 16, 5, 11, § 31:

probatissima palma,

id. 23, 5, 52, § 98:

probatissima statua,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 53: probata et exspectata adulescentia, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 13:

moneta,

Vulg. Gen. 23, 16.—

Transf., pleasing, agreeable:

ut nemo probatior primoribus patrum esset,

Liv. 27, 8:

probatissimus alicui,

Cic. Planc. 11, 27.

quantus, a, um, adj. [quam], how great.

Bellum, Nep. Dat. 5, 1:

calamitates,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

homo in dicendo,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 51:

gravitas,

Vell. 2, 129, 2.—Corresp. with tantus:

videre mihi videor tantam dimicationem, quanta numquam fuit,

Cic. Att. 7, 1, 2.—With sup.:

tanta est inter eos, quanta maxima esse potest, morum studiorumque distantia,

the greatest possible difference, Cic. Lael. 20, 74.—Without tantus:

quantus non unquam antea, exercitus venit,

Liv. 9, 37, 2:

quanta maxime poterat vi perculit,

id. 9, 10, 10; cf. id. 7, 9, 8; 42, 15, 1; 24, 35, 5; Verg. A. 12, 701; 3, 641:

quanta mea sapientia est,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 62.—Quantus quantus, for quantuscumque, how great or much soever (ante-class.):

denegabit quantum quantum ad eum erit delatum,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 28:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

quanta quanta haec mea paupertas est, tamen,

id. Phorm. 5, 7, 10. — In quantum, as far as, according as, in how far, in so far as, to whatever extent:

in quantum satis erat,

Tac. Or. 2:

declamatio, in quantum maxime potest, imitetur eas actiones,

Quint. 2, 10, 4; Sen. Ben. 2, 23, 1:

pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

Ov. M. 11, 71:

in quantum potuerit,

as far as possible, Plin. Ep. 10, 75. — With a preceding in tantum, as greatly... as:

vir in tantum laudandus, in quantum intellegi virtus potest,

Vell. 1, 9.—

Of number, value, etc., how much, how many:

quanta milia,

Prop. 1, 5, 10; Val. Fl. 3, 261. —And with or without tantus, as much as, as many as, Caes. B. G. 6, 19; Liv. 23, 21.—

As a designation of multitude, quantum = emphatic omnis: ut te quidem omnes di deaeque, quantum est, perduint,

as many as there are of them, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 6:

quantum in terra degit, hominum perjurissime!

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 117.— quantum, subst., with gen., as much of... as:

quantum est frumenti hornotini, exaraverunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.— Quanti, as gen. pretii, how high, how dear, or as dear as, as high as: quanti emi potest minime, how cheap? Ep. Ad quadraginta minas, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 110:

quanti emit?

Ter. Eun. 5, 6 (5), 14:

quanti locaverint, tantam pecuniam redemptori solvendam,

Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 16:

vide, quanti apud me sis,

how highly I prize you, how dear you are to me, id. Fam. 7, 19 init.:

noli spectare, quanti sit homo,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:

(tu) qui scias quanti Tulliam faciam,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:

quanti est ista hominum gloria,

of how trifling worth, id. Rep. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

quanti est sapere!

what a fine thing it is! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 21:

quanti ejus intersit,

Dig. 43, 18, 3.—Quanti quanti, at whatever price:

sed quanti quanti, bene emitur quod necesse est,

Cic. Att. 12, 23, 3.—Quanto opere, sometimes as one word, quantopere (q. v.), with what care, how greatly, how much (answering to tanto opere or tantopere, so greatly, so much):

quanto se opere custodiant bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 126:

quantoque opere ejus municipii causā laborarem,

id. Fam. 13, 7, 1.—Hence,

quantum, adv., as much as, so much as:

scribe, quantum potes,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 7.—Quantum possum or potest, as soon as possible:

domum me rursum, quantum potero, tantum recipiam,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 40: rescribas ad me, quantum potest, Cic. Att. 4, 13, 1:

erus, quantum audio, uxore excidit,

so far as I hear, Ter. And. 2, 5, 12:

quantum suspicor,

as far as I can conjecture, id. Eun. 1, 2, 62.—Quantum in or ad me, so far as concerns me:

non igitur adhuc, quantum quidem in te est, intellego deos esse,

i. e. for all you have shown to the contrary, Cic. N. D. 3, 7, 15; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

quantum ad Pirithoum, Phaedra pudica fuit,

as far as concerned, with respect to, Ov. A. A. 1, 744:

quantum ad jus attinet,

Sen. Contr. 5, 34, 16; 3, 16, 1.—With compp. for quanto, the more, the greater, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 488, A, 2).—Followed by eo:

quantum juniores patrum plebi se magis insinuabant, eo acrius contra tribuni tenebant,

Liv. 3, 15, 2; 44, 7, 6; Col. 12, 23 init. —Followed by tanto:

quantum augebatur militum numerus, tanto majore, etc.,

Liv. 5, 10, 5; 6, 38, 5; 27, 47, 11; cf. id. 32, 5, 1. — Also without a correl.:

quantum... et minus,

Liv. 44, 36, 5.—

quantō, adv., by how much, by as much as, according as, the:

quanto diutius Abest, magis cupio tanto,

the longer he is away, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 15:

quanto gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

quanto magis philosophi delectabunt, si, etc.,

how greatly, Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

quanto praeclarior vita, tanto,

Sall. J. 85, 22 Kritz. — With verbs which contain the idea of comparison:

Hannibalem tanto praestitisse ceteros imperatores prudentiā, quanto populus Romanus antecedebat fortitudine cunctas nationes,

Nep. Hann. 1, 1.—With posit.:

tanto acceptius in vulgum, quanto modicus privatis aedificationibus,

inasmuch as, Tac. A. 6, 45:

quanto frequenter impellitur, tanto firmiter roboratur,

Lact. 5, 7, 9.—With ante, secus, aliud:

quo minus exponam, quam multa ad me detulerit, quanto ante providerit,

Cic. Sest. 3, 8: videtote, quanto secus ego fecerim, how differently, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.:

ut manifesto appareat, quanto sit aliud proximum esse, aliud secundum,

Quint. 10, 1, 53.

vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

Lit.

In war or battle:

jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

Galliam bello,

Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:

non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,

id. ib. 7, 29:

id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:

vicimus vi feroces,

id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:

L. milia,

to win at play, August. ib. 71.—

In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:

vincere judicio,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:

quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:

causam suam,

to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:

factum est: ventum est: vincimur,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—

In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:

sponsione,

Cic. Quint. 27, 84:

sponsionem,

id. Caecin. 31, 91:

vicit iter durum pietas,

controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:

labor omnia vicit,

Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.

difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,

to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:

vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,

Sall. J. 16, 1:

factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,

Liv. 2, 30, 2:

cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,

id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:

competitorem in suffragiis,

Quint. 7, 1, 29.—

Transf., of inanimate subjects.

To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:

(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,

Verg. A. 9, 92:

victa ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:

flammam gurgitibus,

id. Am. 3, 6, 42:

noctem flammis,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

vincunt aequora navitae,

prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:

victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,

Ov. F. 1, 222:

quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,

id. ib. 1, 676:

corpora victa sopore,

id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:

blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,

id. ib. 3, 19:

hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,

Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:

campum turbā vincente,

overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—

To outlast, survive:

(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,

Verg. G. 2, 295:

vivendo mea fata,

id. A. 11, 160.—

To surmount, scale:

aëra (sagittae),

Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:

montes ascensu,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—

To reduce, change, etc.;

of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,

Verg. G. 3, 560:

cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,

Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:

metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,

Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:

nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,

Ov. F. 2, 220.—

Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,

Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—

Trop.

In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:

argumentis vincit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:

naturam studio,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43:

vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;

hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

animum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

eludet, ubi te victum senserit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?

id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

peccavi, fateor, vincor,

id. ib. 4, 1, 31:

victus patris precibus lacrimisque,

Liv. 23, 8, 4:

divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

est qui vinci possit,

id. S. 1, 9, 55:

pietas Victa furore,

id. C. 3, 27, 36:

victus amore pudor,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:

filia victa in lacrimas,

Tac. A. 1, 57:

victus animi respexit,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,

Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:

ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,

am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—

In partic.

To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:

stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

exspectationem omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:

morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:

quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,

Hor. Epod. 11, 24:

odio qui posset vincere Regem,

id. S. 1, 7, 6:

scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,

id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—

To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.

With obj.-clause:

quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:

profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,

id. Most. 1, 2, 12:

vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,

Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:

vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—

With ut:

nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—

Absol.:

si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,

Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—

With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,

Vicimus:

cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:

rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,

Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;

mecum mea vota feruntur,

Ov. M. 6, 513:

vicimus et meus est,

id. ib. 4, 356.—

Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:

vincite, si ita vultis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:

vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,

Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:

viceris,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—

To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:

vincere verbis,

Lucr. 5, 733.

vindĭco (on account of a supposed derivation from venum - dico, also written vendĭco), āvi, ātum, 1 (collat. form, acc. to the 3d conj., VINDICIT, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1 fin.), v. a. [vim - dico, prop. to assert authority, viz. in a case where legal possession of a thing claimed is refused; hence, transf.], to lay legal claim to a thing, whether as one's own property or for its restoration to a free condition.

Lit.: IN. IVS. DVCITO. NI IVDICATVM FACIT AVT QVIS ENDO EOM IVRE VINDICIT, i. e. eum in jure vindicat, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf., on the form of laying claim to disputed personal property, Gai Inst. 4, 16:

vindicare sponsam in libertatem,

Liv. 3, 45, 11; cf. id. 3, 48, 5; 3, 46, 7:

puellam,

id. 3, 46, 3:

ita vindicatur Virginia spondentibus propinquis,

id. 3, 46, 8.—

Transf., in gen. (freq. and class.; cf. assero).

To lay claim to as one's own, to make a claim upon, to demand, claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate a thing:

omnia non Quiritium sed sapientium jure pro suis vindicare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 27:

videor id meo jure quodam modo vindicare,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

Homerum... Chii suum vindicant,

id. Arch. 8, 19:

ortūs nostri partem patria vindicat,

id. Off. 1, 7, 22:

maximam partem quasi suo jure Fortuna sibi vindicat,

id. Marcell. 2, 6:

ceterarum rerum quae sunt in oratore, partem aliquam sibi quisque vindicat,

id. Or. 19, 69:

quod neque summi imperatores... sibi umquam vindicare sunt ausi,

Quint. 1, prooem. §

14: partem oneris tui mihi vindico,

Plin. Ep. 6, 32, 2:

majestatem sibi,

id. Pan. 42, 1:

partis sibi aequas potentiae,

Suet. Tib. 50; id. Tit. 5; Sen. Ira, 3, 30, 3; id. Cons. Helv. 3, 9; id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10; Val. Max. 4, 3, 1; 5, 3, ext. 2; cf. Plin. Pan. 8, 2; Val. Max. 4, 5, 3: iniquissima haec bellorum condicio est; prospera omnes sibi vindicant, adversa uni imputantur, Tac. Agr. 27:

victoriae majore parte ad se vindicatā,

Liv. 44, 14, 8:

decus belli ad se,

id. 9, 43, 14:

tanta tamen universae Galliae consensio fuit libertatis vindicandae, ut, etc.,

should be maintained, vindicated, Caes. B. G. 7, 76:

Trasimenum pro Tarsimeno multi auctores... vindicaverunt,

have adopted, Quint. 1, 5, 13; so id. 1, 5, 26:

vindicet antiquam faciem, vultusque ferinos Detrahat,

reassume, Ov. M. 2, 523.— Poet., with inf.:

vindicat hoc Pharius dextrā gestare satelles,

Luc. 8, 675.—

To place a thing in a free condition.

In libertatem vindicare, to set free, to free, emancipate:

in libertatem rem populi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

ex dominatu Ti. Gracchi in libertatem rem publicam,

id. Brut. 58, 212:

rem publicam afflictam et oppressam in veterem dignitatem ac libertatem,

i. e. to restore, id. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

Galliam in libertatem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

se et populum Romanum in libertatem,

id. B. C. 1, 22.—

To deliver, liberate, protect, defend:

te ab eo vindico et libero,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9:

nos a verberibus, ab unco, a crucis terrore neque res gestae neque acta aetas neque vestri honores vindicabunt?

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 16:

sapientia sola nos a libidinum impetu et formidinum terrore vindicat,

id. Fin. 1, 14, 46:

quin ab hoc ignotissimo Phryge nobilissimum civem vindicetis?

id. Fl. 17, 40:

aliquem a miseriis morte,

id. Brut. 96, 329:

a molestiā,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 2:

a labore,

id. Sull. 9, 26:

domum suam a solitudine,

id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

laudem summorum oratorum ab oblivione hominum atque a silentio,

rescue, id. ib. 2, 2, 7:

sed ab hac necessitate egregie vos fortuna vindicat,

Liv. 37, 54, 10:

corpora a putrescendo (sal),

Plin. 31, 9, 45, § 98:

ebur a carie (vetus oleum),

id. 15, 7, 7, § 32:

capillum a canitie,

id. 28, 11, 46, § 164:

se non modo ex suspitione tanti sceleris, verum etiam ex omni hominum sermone,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

perpetienda illa fuerunt, ut se aliquando ad suos vindicaret,

might restore, id. Rab. Post. 9, 25:

quam dura ad saxa revinctam Vindicat Alcides,

sets free, Ov. M. 11, 213:

tandem absolutus vindicatusque est (reus),

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 1.—

With respect to some wrong perpetrated (cf. ulciscor), to avenge, revenge, punish; to take vengeance on any one; make compensation for:

omnia quae vindicaris in altero, sibi ipsi vehementer fugienda sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 4:

maleficium in aliis vindicare,

id. Sull. 6, 19:

facinus in nullo etiam,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

dolum malum et legibus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61. acerrime maleficia, id. Rosc. Am. 5, 12:

consensionem improborum supplicio omni,

id. Lael. 12, 43:

eam rem quam vehementer,

id. Quint. 7, 28:

Ti. Gracchi conatus perditos,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

necem Crassi,

Ov. F. 6, 468:

offensas ense,

id. Tr. 3, 8, 40:

fortuita non civium tantummodo sed urbium damna principis munificentia vindicat,

Vell. 2, 126, 4.— Impers. pass.:

fateor non modo in socios, sed etiam in cives militesque nostros persaepe esse severe ac vehementer vindicatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 133:

vindicandum in eos,

Sall. J. 31, 18:

vindicatum in eos, qui, etc.,

id. C. 9, 4; cf.:

in quos (Venetos) eo gravius Caesar vindicandum statuit, quo diligentius, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16.—

Transf. (after the analogy of ulcisci): vindicare se ab (de) aliquo, to revenge one's self upon one:

se ab illo,

Sen. Ben. 6, 5, 3:

se de fortunā praefationibus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 14.— Pass.:

quantā saevitiā opus erat, ut Sulla de Mario vindicaretur,

Flor. 3, 21, 19.

vĭtĭum, ii ( gen. plur. vitiūm, Titin. ap. Non. p. 495, 13), n. [from the same root with vieo, vitis, vitta; prop. a twist; hence], a fault, defect, blemish, imperfection, vice (syn. menda).

Lit.: quomodo autem in corpore est morbus, est aegrotatio, est vitium: sic in animo. Morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium, cum partes corporis inter se dissident;

ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas. Itaque illa duo, morbus et aegrotatio, ex totius valetudinis corporis conquassatione et perturbatione gignuntur: vitium autem integrā valetudine ipsum ex se cernitur,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29:

corporis,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118; Ov. F. 4, 148:

mancipii,

Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 6:

jumenti,

ib. 21, 1, 38 init. —In buildings, a breach, defect:

si nihil est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5; cf.:

si aedes corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt,

have received damage, become damaged, id. Top. 3, 15.—In plants, a blemish, vice:

sive illis (agris) omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis umor,

Verg. G. 1, 88:

vitio moriens sitit aëris herba,

id. E. 7, 57.—In fruits, the useless part, the core:

vitiumque cinctum fructu,

Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112.—

Trop.

In gen., a fault, defect, blemish:

acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta videre,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 116; cf.

orationis,

Quint. 1, 5, 1; 12, 1, 22:

sermonis,

id. 1, 1, 13:

soloecismi,

id. 1, 5, 53:

ingenii,

id. 10, 1, 60:

mentis,

id. 12, 1, 32:

Stoicae sectae,

id. 11, 1, 70:

et illud mihi vitium'st maximum,

my greatest fault, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 37:

huc si perveneris, meum vitium fuerit,

my fault, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decexisset,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 44:

honorem vitio civitatis, non suo, non sunt adsecuti,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

male conjecta falsa sunt, non rerum vitio, sed interpretum inscientiā,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118: animadverso vitio castrorum totā nocte munitiones proferunt, i. e. the faulty, unfavorable position (just before:

natura iniquo loco castra ponunt),

Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

milites item conflictati et tempestatis et sentinae vitiis,

the injurious effects, id. ib. 3, 28:

sese nihil adhuc arbitrari vitio factum eorum,

id. ib. 3, 57:

vini vitio atque amoris feci,

through the fault of, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 15.—

In partic.

A moral fault, failing, error, offence, crime, vice (the predom. signif. of the word in prose and poetry; cf.:

scelus, delictum): nullam quidem ob turpitudinem, nullum ob totius vitae non dicam vitium, sed erratum,

Cic. Clu. 48, 133:

legibus et praemia proposita sunt virtutibus et supplicia vitiis,

id. de Or. 1, 58. 247:

virtus est vitium fugere, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 41: senectus est naturā loquacior, ne ab omnibus eam vitiis videar vindicare,

Cic. Sen. 16, 55:

in vitio esse,

id. Off. 1, 19, 62: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, reckon it a fault, id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

te laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—

In respect of female chastity (whether of maidens or wives), a violation:

quia pudicitiae hujus (Alcumenae) vitium me hic absente est additum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179:

pudicitiae ejus nunquam nec vim nec vitium attuli,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 7:

quoi misere per vim vitium obtulerat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 10; so,

offerre,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

virginis,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 55; cf.:

vitium auctore redemit,

Ov. H. 16 (17), 49.—

In relig. lang., a defect in the auspices or auguries: si cui servo aut ancillae dormienti evenit, quod comitia prohibere solet, ne id quidem mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 fin. Müll.; Ter. Hec. prol. 2; Liv. 8, 23, 16; 4, 7, 3:

id igitur obvenit vitium, quod tu jam Cal. Jan. futurum esse provideras,

Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

tabernaculum vitio captum,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

vitio navigare,

id. Div. 1, 16, 29:

comitiorum solum vitium est fulmen,

id. ib. 2, 18, 43.—

A fault of language:

barbarismi ac soloecismi foeditas absit... haec vitia, etc.,

Quint. 1, 5, 5.—

In coinage, t. t., base metal, alloy:

in aurum vitii aliquid addere,

Dig. 48, 10, 9 praef.; cf.:

ignis vitium metallis Excoquit,

Ov. F. 4, 785.