graecia

• Captive Greece conquered her savage victor. (Horace)

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7:

apud Graecos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:

quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:

processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

ignobilis,

Liv. 39, 8, 3:

Graecus Graecaque,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—

Derivv.

Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:

plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.

litterae,

id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:

Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,

Cic. Arch. 10, 23:

lingua (opp. Latina),

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

ludi,

founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:

homines,

Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:

testis,

id. Fl. 5, 11:

more bibere,

i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

Graeca fide mercari,

i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

rosa,

a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):

Graeco melius usuri,

Quint. 5, 10, 1:

librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,

Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:

cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,

id. Off. 2, 32, 115:

loqui,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

optime scire,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.

nescire,

id. Fl. 4, 10:

licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,

Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:

omnia Graece,

Juv. 6, 188.—

Graecātim, in the Greek manner:

amiciri,

Tert. Pall. 4.—

Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:

magna,

Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:

terra,

Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—

Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:

Graecia,

Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:

Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,

Ov. F. 4, 64.—

Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;

not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,

i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:

torcula,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:

pavimentum,

id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

color,

id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:

toga, i. e. pallium,

Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:

dicere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—

Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:

motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

cautio chirographi,

i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:

ferrum,

Flor. 2, 7, 9:

civitas Massilia,

id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:

Graecŭlus, i, m.

A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:

Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,

Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —

Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:

vitis,

Col. 3, 2, 24:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:

rosa,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.—

Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):

mare,

Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:

scimpodium,

Gell. 19, 10, 1.—

Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):

lapides,

inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

flōrĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n. [flos], to bloom, blossom, flower (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: floresco, vigeo).

Lit.:

per terras frondent atque omnia florent,

Lucr. 5, 214: florere omnia, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

haec arbor una (lentiscus) ter floret,

Cic. Div. 1, 9, 16:

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra?

id. N. D. 2, 7, 19:

imputata floret usque vinea,

Hor. Epod. 16, 44:

vinea, segetes,

Ov. F. 5, 263 sq.:

narcisso floreat alnus,

Verg. E. 8, 52:

florentes ferulae,

id. ib. 10, 25.— Poet.:

si bene floreat annus,

Ov. F. 5, 327.—

Transf.

(Acc. to flos, I. B.) Of wine, to froth:

si vinum florere incipiet,

Col. 12, 30, 1:

vina quoque in magnis operose condita cellis Florent,

Ov. F. 5, 270.—

To get the first downy beard:

libat florentes haec tibi prima (dies) genas,

Mart. 3, 6, 4.—

To be filled with, to abound with any thing (ante-class. and poet.): mare velis florere videres, Cato ap. Charis. p. 185; cf.:

mare velivolis florebat puppibus,

Lucr. 5, 1442; cf.:

hinc laetas urbes pueris florere videmus,

id. 1, 255 Lachm.:

Hybla multis thymis,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 26:

jam pridem regio... undat equis floretque viris,

Val. Fl. 1, 547.—

To bloom, i. e. to be bright with varied colors:

pampineo gravidus autumno Floret ager, of the ripening fruits,

Verg. G. 2, 6;

of an army on the march: variis floret via discolor armis,

Val. Fl. 5, 565; cf.:

floret cristatus exercitus undique turmis,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 133.—

To be bright (cf. P. a. infra):

lumina floruisse,

Tert. Apol. 11:

caelum luminibus floruisset,

id. adv. Marc. 4, 42.—

Trop., to be in a flourishing or prosperous condition, to flourish, be in good repute, to be eminent, distinguished, etc.; constr. with the abl. and absol.

Of persons and animate things.

With abl.:

in sua patria multis virtutibus ac beneficiis floruit princeps,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

privatis officiis et ingenii laude floruit,

id. de Or. 3, 2, 7:

omni genere virtutis,

id. Brut. 7, 28:

cum acumine ingenii tum admirabili quodam lepore dicendi,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

honoribus et rerum gestarum gloriā,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 2:

laudibus,

id. ib. 9, 14, 2:

nobilitate discipulorum,

id. de Or. 3, 35, 141:

omnibus copiis (Crotoniatae),

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

tria genera dicendi, quibus quidam floruerunt,

id. Or. 5, 20.—

With in and abl.:

in re militari Epaminondas,

Nep. Epam. 5:

ille vir, qui in Curia, in Rostris, in re publica floruisset, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59:

in foro,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

in sententis senatoriis et in omni actione atque administratione rei publicae,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

in senectute,

id. Lael. 1, 4.—

Absol.:

ergo in Graecia musici floruerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Ac. 2, 6, 16; cf.:

floret Epicurus,

id. Off. 3, 33, 116:

qui inter illos florebas,

id. Quint. 26, 80:

cum multis simul floruit,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

floruit circa Philippum,

id. 12, 10. 6:

circum tribus actis impiger annis Floret equus,

is in his bloom, prime, Lucr. 5, 884.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things.

With abl.:

illa vetus (Graecia), quae quondam opibus, imperio, gloria floruit, hoc uno malo concidit,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16: familia, quae postea viris fortissimis floruit. id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

doctissimorum hominum familiaritates, quibus semper domus nostra floruit,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Font. 14, 31:

meus ad urbem accessus incredibili hominum multitudine et gratulatione florebat,

id. Sest. 63, 131:

aliquid floret laudibus,

Lucr. 5, 1279.—

Absol.:

quae (magna Graecia) nunc quidem deleta est, tunc florebat,

Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

quae familia admodum floruit,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quorum auctoritas maxime florebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

gloria generis floret,

id. Fl. 11, 25:

verborum vetus interit aetas, Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata vigentque,

Hor. A. P. 62:

aetherii dono cessere parentes Aeternum florere genas,

to shine in perpetual bloom, perpetual youth, Stat. Th. 1, 705.—Hence, flō-rens, entis, P. a.

Lit., shining, glistening, glittering, bright ( poet. and in postclass. prose):

Ennius et Lucretius florere dicunt omne quod nitidum est,

Serv. Verg. A. 7, 804:

lucernarum florentia lumina flammis,

Lucr. 4, 450; so,

smaragdi arcano igne,

Stat. Th. 2, 276:

postes arcano lumine,

id. ib. 1, 210:

catervae aere,

Verg. A. 7, 804:

exercitus insignibus argenteis et aureis,

Gell. 5, 5, 2.—

Abounding in flowers:

vertice de summo semper florentis Hymetti,

Ov. M. 7, 702.— Subst.: florens, ntis, f., a garland:

do hanc tibi florentem florenti,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 18 (cf. B. 1. b infra).—

Trop. (acc. to II.), flourishing, prosperous, in the prime, in repute, fine, excellent.

Of animate things.

With abl.:

complecti hominem florentem aetate, opibus, honoribus, ingenio, liberis, propinquis, affinibus, amicis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:

gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

regina Berenice florens aetate formaque,

Tac. H. 2, 81; cf.:

ambo florentes aetatibus,

Verg. E. 7, 4.—

Absol.:

qui te beatum, qui florentem putas,

Cic. Par. 2, 18:

quos ego florentis atque integros sine ferro viceram,

id. Planc. 35, 86:

oratores florentes et leviter ornati,

id. Or. 6, 20:

florens et illustris adolescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4: exorta semper florentis Homeri species, Enn. ap. Lucr. 1, 124.— Plur. as subst.: flōrentes, um, the prosperous (opp. afflicti), Nep. Att. 11, 4.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things.

With abl.:

florentes viribus anni,

Sil. 1, 226; so,

anni vigore,

Petr. 132:

animus vino,

joyous, Gell. 6, 13, 4.—

Absol.:

(majores nostri) ex minima tenuissimaque re publica maximam et florentissimam nobis reliquerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50; cf.:

civitas (Ubiorum) ampla atque florens,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3:

invidetur praestanti florentique fortunae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 210:

florens amicitia (opp. afflicta),

id. Quint. 30, 93:

quod eo consilio florentissimis rebus domos suas Helvetii reliquissent, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3; cf.:

neu florentes res suas cum Jugurthae perditis misceret,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

florentes Etruscorum opes,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

florentissima Samnitium castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

equus florenti aetate,

Lucr. 5, 1074:

aevo florente puellae,

id. 3, 1008; cf.:

adhuc florente juventa Fervidus,

Hor. A. P. 115:

florentissima ejus erat aetas,

Liv. 30, 12, 17: nostrum opus tibi probari laetor: ex quo anthê ipsa posuisti, quae mihi florentiora sunt visa tuo judicio, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1; cf.:

modus nullus est florentior in singulis verbis (quam translatio),

id. de Or. 3, 41, 166; id. Or. 27, 96:

oratio florentissima,

Gell. 15, 28, 5; cf.

also: florentis facundiae homo,

id. 19, 9, 2 — Adv.: flōrenter, flourishingly, famously (late Lat.): florentissime docet, i. e. with great repute, celebrity, Hier. Chron. Euseb. an. 358.

flōrĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n. [flos], to bloom, blossom, flower (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: floresco, vigeo).

Lit.:

per terras frondent atque omnia florent,

Lucr. 5, 214: florere omnia, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

haec arbor una (lentiscus) ter floret,

Cic. Div. 1, 9, 16:

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra?

id. N. D. 2, 7, 19:

imputata floret usque vinea,

Hor. Epod. 16, 44:

vinea, segetes,

Ov. F. 5, 263 sq.:

narcisso floreat alnus,

Verg. E. 8, 52:

florentes ferulae,

id. ib. 10, 25.— Poet.:

si bene floreat annus,

Ov. F. 5, 327.—

Transf.

(Acc. to flos, I. B.) Of wine, to froth:

si vinum florere incipiet,

Col. 12, 30, 1:

vina quoque in magnis operose condita cellis Florent,

Ov. F. 5, 270.—

To get the first downy beard:

libat florentes haec tibi prima (dies) genas,

Mart. 3, 6, 4.—

To be filled with, to abound with any thing (ante-class. and poet.): mare velis florere videres, Cato ap. Charis. p. 185; cf.:

mare velivolis florebat puppibus,

Lucr. 5, 1442; cf.:

hinc laetas urbes pueris florere videmus,

id. 1, 255 Lachm.:

Hybla multis thymis,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 26:

jam pridem regio... undat equis floretque viris,

Val. Fl. 1, 547.—

To bloom, i. e. to be bright with varied colors:

pampineo gravidus autumno Floret ager, of the ripening fruits,

Verg. G. 2, 6;

of an army on the march: variis floret via discolor armis,

Val. Fl. 5, 565; cf.:

floret cristatus exercitus undique turmis,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 133.—

To be bright (cf. P. a. infra):

lumina floruisse,

Tert. Apol. 11:

caelum luminibus floruisset,

id. adv. Marc. 4, 42.—

Trop., to be in a flourishing or prosperous condition, to flourish, be in good repute, to be eminent, distinguished, etc.; constr. with the abl. and absol.

Of persons and animate things.

With abl.:

in sua patria multis virtutibus ac beneficiis floruit princeps,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

privatis officiis et ingenii laude floruit,

id. de Or. 3, 2, 7:

omni genere virtutis,

id. Brut. 7, 28:

cum acumine ingenii tum admirabili quodam lepore dicendi,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

honoribus et rerum gestarum gloriā,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 2:

laudibus,

id. ib. 9, 14, 2:

nobilitate discipulorum,

id. de Or. 3, 35, 141:

omnibus copiis (Crotoniatae),

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

tria genera dicendi, quibus quidam floruerunt,

id. Or. 5, 20.—

With in and abl.:

in re militari Epaminondas,

Nep. Epam. 5:

ille vir, qui in Curia, in Rostris, in re publica floruisset, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59:

in foro,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

in sententis senatoriis et in omni actione atque administratione rei publicae,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

in senectute,

id. Lael. 1, 4.—

Absol.:

ergo in Graecia musici floruerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Ac. 2, 6, 16; cf.:

floret Epicurus,

id. Off. 3, 33, 116:

qui inter illos florebas,

id. Quint. 26, 80:

cum multis simul floruit,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

floruit circa Philippum,

id. 12, 10. 6:

circum tribus actis impiger annis Floret equus,

is in his bloom, prime, Lucr. 5, 884.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things.

With abl.:

illa vetus (Graecia), quae quondam opibus, imperio, gloria floruit, hoc uno malo concidit,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16: familia, quae postea viris fortissimis floruit. id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

doctissimorum hominum familiaritates, quibus semper domus nostra floruit,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Font. 14, 31:

meus ad urbem accessus incredibili hominum multitudine et gratulatione florebat,

id. Sest. 63, 131:

aliquid floret laudibus,

Lucr. 5, 1279.—

Absol.:

quae (magna Graecia) nunc quidem deleta est, tunc florebat,

Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

quae familia admodum floruit,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quorum auctoritas maxime florebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

gloria generis floret,

id. Fl. 11, 25:

verborum vetus interit aetas, Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata vigentque,

Hor. A. P. 62:

aetherii dono cessere parentes Aeternum florere genas,

to shine in perpetual bloom, perpetual youth, Stat. Th. 1, 705.—Hence, flō-rens, entis, P. a.

Lit., shining, glistening, glittering, bright ( poet. and in postclass. prose):

Ennius et Lucretius florere dicunt omne quod nitidum est,

Serv. Verg. A. 7, 804:

lucernarum florentia lumina flammis,

Lucr. 4, 450; so,

smaragdi arcano igne,

Stat. Th. 2, 276:

postes arcano lumine,

id. ib. 1, 210:

catervae aere,

Verg. A. 7, 804:

exercitus insignibus argenteis et aureis,

Gell. 5, 5, 2.—

Abounding in flowers:

vertice de summo semper florentis Hymetti,

Ov. M. 7, 702.— Subst.: florens, ntis, f., a garland:

do hanc tibi florentem florenti,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 18 (cf. B. 1. b infra).—

Trop. (acc. to II.), flourishing, prosperous, in the prime, in repute, fine, excellent.

Of animate things.

With abl.:

complecti hominem florentem aetate, opibus, honoribus, ingenio, liberis, propinquis, affinibus, amicis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:

gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

regina Berenice florens aetate formaque,

Tac. H. 2, 81; cf.:

ambo florentes aetatibus,

Verg. E. 7, 4.—

Absol.:

qui te beatum, qui florentem putas,

Cic. Par. 2, 18:

quos ego florentis atque integros sine ferro viceram,

id. Planc. 35, 86:

oratores florentes et leviter ornati,

id. Or. 6, 20:

florens et illustris adolescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4: exorta semper florentis Homeri species, Enn. ap. Lucr. 1, 124.— Plur. as subst.: flōrentes, um, the prosperous (opp. afflicti), Nep. Att. 11, 4.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things.

With abl.:

florentes viribus anni,

Sil. 1, 226; so,

anni vigore,

Petr. 132:

animus vino,

joyous, Gell. 6, 13, 4.—

Absol.:

(majores nostri) ex minima tenuissimaque re publica maximam et florentissimam nobis reliquerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50; cf.:

civitas (Ubiorum) ampla atque florens,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3:

invidetur praestanti florentique fortunae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 210:

florens amicitia (opp. afflicta),

id. Quint. 30, 93:

quod eo consilio florentissimis rebus domos suas Helvetii reliquissent, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3; cf.:

neu florentes res suas cum Jugurthae perditis misceret,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

florentes Etruscorum opes,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

florentissima Samnitium castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

equus florenti aetate,

Lucr. 5, 1074:

aevo florente puellae,

id. 3, 1008; cf.:

adhuc florente juventa Fervidus,

Hor. A. P. 115:

florentissima ejus erat aetas,

Liv. 30, 12, 17: nostrum opus tibi probari laetor: ex quo anthê ipsa posuisti, quae mihi florentiora sunt visa tuo judicio, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1; cf.:

modus nullus est florentior in singulis verbis (quam translatio),

id. de Or. 3, 41, 166; id. Or. 27, 96:

oratio florentissima,

Gell. 15, 28, 5; cf.

also: florentis facundiae homo,

id. 19, 9, 2 — Adv.: flōrenter, flourishingly, famously (late Lat.): florentissime docet, i. e. with great repute, celebrity, Hier. Chron. Euseb. an. 358.

* * *

agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

aggere paludem explere,

id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

longius erat agger petendus,

id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

superjecto aggere terreno,

Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

implere cavernas aggere,

Curt. 8, 10, 27:

fossas aggere complent,

Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,

Esp.

The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

agger armorum,

Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

aggeres Alpini,

Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

Thessalici aggeres,

i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

ab alto aggere,

Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

Luc. 5, 674:

consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

mons aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105).—

In milit. lang.

A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

id. Phil. 10, 9:

celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

jacere,

to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

aggerem exstruere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

instruere,

id. ib. 8, 41:

promovere ad urbem,

to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—

The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—

The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

Luc. 5, 317:

vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—

A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

Verg. A. 5, 273:

Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

Rutil. Itiner. 39:

aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

barbărĭa, ae ( poet., or in post-Aug. prose barbărĭes, acc. -em; so once in Cic. Brut. 74, 258), f. [barbarus].

Lit., a foreign country, in opposition to Greece or Rome.

In gen.:

a quo (philosopho) non solum Graecia et Italia, sed etiam omnis barbaria commota est,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 49; 5, 4, 11; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf.: non solum cum exercitu suo, sed etiam cum omni inmanitate barbariae bellum inferre nobis. id. Phil. 5, 13, 37; 13, 8, 18:

quid tibi barbariem. gentes ab utroque jacentes Oceano numerem?

Ov. M. 15, 829:

in mediā vivere barbarie,

id. Tr. 3, 10, 4; Luc. 8, 812; Just. 9, 5, 7 al.—

Esp., of a particular country, aside from Greece or Rome. Thus (in the mouth of a Greek), of Italy, as opp. to Greece (only in Plaut.), Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 21; id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. vapula, p. 278. [p. 222] —Of Persia:

Themistoclem non in Graeciae portus, sed in barbariae sinus confugisse,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5.—Of Phrygia:

Graecia barbariae lento collisa duello,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 7.—Of Gaul, in opp. to Rome, Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—Of Scythia and Britain, Cic. N. D. 2, 34, 88;

in gen.: quae barbaria Indiā vastior aut agrestior?

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 77 al. —

Meton., mental or moral barbarism, according to the notion of the ancients.

Rudeness, rusticity, stupidity:

barbaria forensis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

grandis,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 4.—Hence of barbarism in language:

omnes tum fere, qui nec extra urbem hanc vixerant, nec eos aliqua barbaries domestica infuscaverat, recte loquebantur,

Cic. Brut. 74, 258.—And of faulty reading, Petr. 68, 5.—

Savageness, barbarousness, rudeness, uncivilized manners:

inveterata barbaria,

Cic. Balb. 19, 43:

ferum et immane facinus, quod nulla barbaria posset agnoscere,

id. Phil. 14, 3, 8:

ista vero quae et quanta barbaria est,

id. ib. 2, 42, 108;

11, 2, 6: tanta barbaries (Sarmatorum) est, ut pacem non intellegant,

Flor. 4, 12, 20; Just. 43, 4, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 69; Petr. 68.—

= barbari:

quale bellum nulla umquam barbaria cum suā gente gessit,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25; cf.:

hoc poëtae nomen, quod nulla umquam barbaria violavit,

id. Arch. 8, 19.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

In space.

Prop.:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

id. ib. 2, 19:

visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

Tib. 1, 1, 38:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257:

equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

e curru trahitur,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

e curru desilit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

In an upward direction, from, above:

collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

globum terrae eminentem e mari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

Liv. 6, 2.—

Transf.

To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

quod erat ex eodem municipio,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

Philocrates ex Alide,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

ex Aethiopia ancillula,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

negotiator ex Africa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

Epicurei e Graecia,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

ex India elephanti,

Liv. 35, 32:

civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

meretrix e proxumo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

ex spelunca saxum,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

saxum ex capitolio,

Liv. 35, 21, 6:

ex equo cadere,

Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

a summo caelo despicere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

de vertice montis despicere,

id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

Suet. Tib. 33:

ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

ex vinculis causam dicere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

also: ex fuga,

during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

In time.

From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

ex consulatu,

Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

ex praetura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

ex dictatura,

Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

ex eo magistratu,

Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

statim e somno lavantur,

id. G. 22:

tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

mulier ex partu si, etc.,

Cels. 2, 8:

ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

ex quo obses Romae fuit,

since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

for the passage,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

Capitol. Gord. 22:

duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

id. ib.:

mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 7, 9:

Serenianus ex duce,

id. 14, 7, 7:

INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 1:

ex aeterno tempore,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

ex hoc die,

id. Rep. 1, 16:

motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

ex ea die ad hanc diem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

id. H. 1, 29:

sextus mensis est, ex quo,

Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

ex eo,

Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

ex illo,

Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

id. Verr. 1, 10:

ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

agro ex hoste capto,

Liv. 41, 14, 3:

cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

ex populo Romano bona accipere,

Sall. J. 102:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

quaesierat ex me Scipio,

id. ib. 1, 13:

ex te requirunt,

id. ib. 2, 38:

de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

vocare,

Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

e vectoribus sorte ductus,

id. Rep. 1, 34:

ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

id. Rab. Post. 17:

homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

unus ex illis decemviris,

id. ib. 2, 37:

ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

aliquis ex vobis,

id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

reliquum, argentum,

this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

id. Rep. 2, 36:

virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

Flor. 1, 13, 12:

alia ex hoc quaestu,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

Tac. G. 29:

acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

Cels. 4, 20:

ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —

To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

fenestrae e viminibus factae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

statua ex aere facta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

id. Div. 1, 24:

substramen e palea,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

monilia e gemmis,

Suet. Calig. 56:

farina ex faba,

Cels. 5, 28:

potiones ex absinthio,

id. ib. et saep.:

Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

Cels. 3, 23:

aqua ex lauro decocta,

id. 4, 2; cf.:

farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

Cels. 4, 4:

nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

bacae e viridi rubentes,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

id. ib. §

132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

e viridi pallens,

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

apes ex aureolo variae,

Col. 9, 3, 2:

sucus ex austero dulcis,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

ex dulci acre,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

Cic. Clu. 26.—

To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

ex vulnere aeger,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

ex renibus laborare,

id. Tusc. 2, 25:

ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

Liv. 25, 26:

ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

Quint. 8, 33, 66:

gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

ex se nati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

ex quodam conceptus,

id. ib. 2, 21:

ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

id. ib. et saep.:

ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

Sall. J. 48, 2:

veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

Liv. 2, 50:

ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

id. ib. 6, 10:

quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 1:

ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 46:

ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

Flor. 4, 10, 8:

ex nausea vomitus,

Cels. 4, 5:

ex hac clade atrox ira,

Liv. 2, 51, 6:

metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

ex legato timor,

id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

id. 1, 7, 1:

nomen ex vitio positum,

Ov. F. 2, 601:

quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

e nomine (nominibus),

id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

Lucr. 1, 186:

dii ex hominibus facti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17; cf.:

ex exsule consul,

id. Manil. 4, 46:

ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

ex alto sapore excitati,

Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

e (not ex) re publica,

id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

exque re publica,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

non ex usu nostro est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

ex utilitate,

Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

ex nullius injuria,

Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

ex senatus sententia,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

ex collegii sententia,

Liv. 4, 53:

ex amicorum sententia,

id. 40, 29:

ex consilii sententia,

id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

ex senatus consulto,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

ex edicto, ex decreto,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

ex foedere,

Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

ex more,

Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

ex consuetudine,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

ex sua libidine moderantur,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

attingit etiam bellicam,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

2, 791:

terris ex,

id. 6, 788:

quibus e sumus uniter apti,

id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

que sacra quercu,

Verg. E. 7, 13.

In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

Signification.

Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

* * *