functus

frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis:

frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).

Lit.

Plur.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

fruges terrae,

id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.:

nos fruges serimus, nos arbores,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

ubertas frugum et fructuum,

id. ib. 3, 36, 86:

frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

oleam frugesve ferre,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum,

Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere... segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges [p. 787] Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656:

inventis frugibus,

Cic. Or. 9, 31:

fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum,

id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55:

roburneae,

Col. 9, 1, 5:

(Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta,

Liv. 5, 33, 2 al. — Poet.:

salsae fruges = mola salsa,

the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173:

medicatae,

magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.—

Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318):

spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes,

Ov. M. 11, 121:

ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

fundit frugem spici ordine structam,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10:

sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia,

id. ib. 1, 18, 109.

Trop.

In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.):

quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae,

Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

illae sunt animi fruges,

Auct. Aetn. 273:

generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere,

to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem,

id. 1, 3, 3:

jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor,

maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13:

hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. b infra. — Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64:

herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet,

i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.—

In partic., of moral character.

frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, chrêsimos, chrêstos; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used;

v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.:

qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut... solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi,

id. Font. 13, 29; cf.:

loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

homines plane frugi ac sobrii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19:

parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

Antonius frugi factus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

(Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 77:

sum bonus et frugi,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 49:

quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

id. A. P. 207:

servus frugi atque integer,

Cic. Clu. 16, 47:

Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 3:

liberti probi et frugi,

Plin. Pan. 88, 2:

quae (lena) frugi esse vult,

useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.—

Strengthened by the attributive bonae:

is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23:

(Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur,

frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.:

atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4:

cena,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167:

jentacula,

Mart. 13, 31, 1.—

Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.). —

Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one's self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue:

equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse,

have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt,

Gell. 13, 27, 2:

quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

certum'st ad frugem applicare animum,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.

intĕger, tēgra, tēgrum (long e in intēgri, intēgros, etc., Lucr. 1, 927; Verg. E. 4, 5; Hor. S. 2, 2, 113 al.), adj. [2. in and root tag-, tango], untouched, unhurt, unchanged.

Lit.

Undiminished, whole, entire, complete, perfect:

integer et plenus thensaurus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 12, 13:

exercitus,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 148:

annus,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8:

quarum (sublicarum) pars inferior integra remanebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

integris bonis exulare,

Suet. Caes. 42:

nec superstes Integer,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 7:

puer malasque comamque Integer,

with beard, and hair on his head, Stat. Th. 8, 487:

signa (litterarum),

unbroken, Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6.— Adv.: ad integrum, wholly, entirely:

corpore carens,

Macr. Som. Scip. 1, 5. —

Unimpaired, uninjured, unhurt, unwounded, unmutilated, unexhausted, sound, fresh, vigorous.

Absol.:

adulescens cum sis, tum, cum est sanguis integer,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 7:

aetas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 45:

cum recentes atque integri defessis successissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 94;

so opp. defessi,

id. B. G. 7, 41;

opp. defatigati,

id. ib. 7, 48; 5, 16; id. B. C. 3, 40:

integris viribus repugnare,

id. B. G. 3, 4:

si ad quietem integri iremus, opp. onustus cibo et vino,

Cic. Div. 1, 29:

integra valetudo,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 64:

integrum se salvumque velle,

id. ib. 2, 11, 33:

omnibus rebus integros incolumesque esse,

id. Fam. 13, 4:

florentes atque integri,

id. Planc. 35:

integros pro sauciis arcessere,

Sall. C. 60, 4;

so opp. saucius,

Cic. Mur. 25, 50:

Horatius,

Liv. 1, 25:

nasus,

Juv. 15, 56; 10, 288;

so opp. truncus,

Plin. 7, 11, 10. §

50: cecidit Cethegus integer, et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto,

not mutilated, Juv. 10, 288:

opes, opp. accisae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 113:

mulier aetate integra,

in the flower of her age, Ter. And. 1, 1, 45:

corpora sana et integri sanguinis,

Quint. 8 praef. § 19;

tantum capite integro (opp. transfigurato),

unchanged, Suet. Ner. 46:

quam integerrimis corporibus cibum offerre,

free from fever, Cels. 3, 4:

antequam ex toto integer fiat,

id. ib.:

integra aetate ac valetudine,

Suet. Tib. 10. —

With gen.:

integer aevi sanguis (= integri aevi sanguis, i. e. juvenilis vigor),

Verg. A. 2, 638; 9, 255; Ov. M. 9, 441:

integer annorum,

Stat. Th. 1, 415 (cf. II. A. infra): deos aevi integros, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 255 (Trag. v. 440 Vahl.). —

With abl.:

fama et fortunis integer,

Sall. H 2, 41, 5:

copiis integra (regio),

id. ib. 1, 95:

neque aetate neque corpore integer,

Suet. Aug. 19: pectore maturo fuerat puer integer aevo, Ped. Albin. 3, 5:

dum vernat sanguis, dum rugis integer annus,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 59.—

With a ( ab) and abl. (rare):

a populi suffragiis integer,

i. e. who has not been rejected, Sall. H. 1, 52 D.:

cohortes integrae ab labore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26:

gens integra a cladibus belli,

Liv. 9, 41, 8.—

Esp. in phrase ad or in integrum (sc. statum), to a former condition or state:

potius quam redeat ad integrum haec eadem oratio,

i. e. to have the same story over again, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 8:

quod te absente hic filius egit restitui in integrum aequum est,

id. Phorm. 2, 4, 11:

quos ego non idcirco esse arbitror in integrum restitutos,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98; id. Fl. 32, 79:

(judicia) in integrum restituit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4. —

Not worn, fresh, new, unused:

ad integrum bellum cuncta parare,

Sall. J. 73, 1:

consilia,

id. ib. 108, 2:

pugnam edere,

Liv. 8, 9, 13.—Hence, esp. adv.: de integro, ab integro, ex integro, anew, afresh:

ut mihi de integro scribendi causa non sit,

Cic. Att. 13, 27; id. Clu. 60, 167:

acrius de integro obortum est bellum,

Liv. 21, 8, 2:

relata de integro res ad senatum,

id. 21, 6, 5:

columnam efficere ab integro novam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147:

magnus ab integro saeclorum nascitur ordo,

Verg. E. 4, 5:

recipere ex integro vires,

Quint. 10, 3, 20:

navibus ex integro fabricatis,

Suet. Aug. 16.—

Untainted, fresh, sweet:

ut anteponantur integra contaminatis,

Cic. Top. 18, 69:

fontes,

Hor. C. 1, 26, 6:

sapor,

id. S. 2, 4, 54:

aper, opp. vitiatus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91.—

Not before attempted, fresh:

ex integra Graeca integram comoediam Hodie sum acturus,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 4:

alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,

this pretext as a fresh one, id. Hec. 1, 2, 5:

eum Plautus locum reliquit integrum,

not treated, not imitated, id. Ad. prol. 9.

Trop.

Blameless, irreproachable, spotless, pure, honest, virtuous:

cum illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate, neque sanctior,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53:

(homines) integri, innocentes, religiosi,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

integerrima vita,

id. Planc. 1:

incorrupti atque integri testes,

id. Fin. 1, 21:

vitae,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 1:

integer urbis,

not spoiled by the city, untainted with city vices, Val. Fl. 2, 374:

vir a multis vitiis integer, Sen. de Ira, 1, 18, 3.— Of female chastity: loquere filiam meam quis integram stupraverit,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 47:

narratque, ut virgo ab se integra etiam tum siet,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70:

quibus liberos conjugesque suas integras ab istius petulantia conservare non licitum est,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

virgines,

Cat. 61, 36.—

Of the mind or disposition.

Free from passion or prejudice, unbiassed, impartial: integrum se servare, to keep one's self neutral, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

arbiter,

Juv. 8, 80:

scopulis surdior Icari Voces audit, adhuc integer,

untouched with love, heart-whole, Hor. C. 3, 7, 21:

bracchia et vultum teretesque suras Integer laudo,

id. ib. 2, 4, 21.—

Healthy, sound, sane, unimpaired:

animi,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 220:

mentis,

id. ib. 2, 3, 65; cf.

mens,

id. C. 1, 31, 18:

a conjuratione,

without complicity in, Tac. A. 15, 52:

integrius judicium a favore et odio,

Liv. 45, 37, 8.—

New to a thing, ignorant of it:

rudem me discipulum, et integrum accipe,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3:

suffragiis integer,

Sall. H. 1, 52 Dietsch—

In which nothing has yet been done, undecided, undetermined:

integram rem et causam relinquere,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 13:

rem integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

integram omnem causam reservare alicui,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

ea dicam, quae ipsi, re integra saepe dixi,

id. Mur. 21:

ut quam integerrima ad pacem essent omnia,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

offensiones,

not yet cancelled, Tac. A. 3, 24:

integrum est mihi,

it is still in my power, I am at liberty, Cic. Att. 15, 23:

loquor de legibus promulgatis, de quibus est integrum vobis,

id. Phil. 1, 10:

non est integrum, Cn. Pompeio consilio jam uti tuo,

id. Pis. 24:

ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 21, 62. —

So, integrum dare,

to grant full power, to leave at liberty, Cic. Part. 38. — Adv.: intĕgrē.

Lit., wholly, entirely:

mutare,

Tac. H. 1, 52.—

Trop.

Irreproachably, honestly, justly:

incorrupte atque integre judicare,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9:

in amicorum periculis caste integreque versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1. — Comp.: quid dici potest integrius, quid incorruptius, Cic. Mil. 22.— Sup.:

Asiam integerrime administravit,

Suet. Vesp. 4:

procuratione integerrime functus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 25. —

Purely, correctly:

integre et ample et ornate dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

proprie atque integre loqui,

Gell. 7, 11, 2.

magnĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. ( comp. magnificentior; sup. magnificentissimus; v. in the foll.; old form of comp. magnificior, acc. to Fest. p. 154 Müll., and sup. magnificissimus, acc. to Fest. p. 151; so in the adv. magnificissime, Att. ap. Prisc. p. 603 P.) [magnus-facio], great in deeds or in sentiment, noble, distinguished, eminent, august, great in soul, high-minded (cf. splendidus).

Lit.

In a good sense (class.):

vir factis magnificus,

Liv. 1, 10:

Rhodiorum civitas magna atque magnifica,

great, glorious, Sall. C. 51:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 79:

cives in suppliciis deorum magnifici, domi parci,

magnificent, splendid, grand, fond of splendor, Sall. C. 9:

elegans, non magnificus,

fond of show, Nep. Att. 13; Suet. Ner. 30:

magnificus in publicum,

Plin. Pan. 51, 3; Vell. 2, 130.—

In a bad sense, bragging, boastful (ante-class.):

cum magnifico milite, urbis verbis qui inermus capit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 42; id. As. 2, 2, 84.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things, splendid, rich, fine, costly, sumptuous, magnificent, etc. (class.):

magnificae villae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 2:

oppidum,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 67:

apparatus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:

ornatus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

funera,

Caes. B. G. 6, 18:

funus,

Curt. 4, 8, 8:

venationes,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

nomen,

Tac. H. 4, 15:

res gestae,

Liv. 26, 2, 1.—Of speech, of high strain, lofly, sublime:

genus dicendi magnificum atque praeclarum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 89:

oratio,

Plin. 35, 4, 9, § 26; cf. in the comp.:

magnificentius dicendi genus et ornatius,

Cic. Brut. 32, 123.—In a bad sense, boastful, bragging:

verba,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 3:

litterae,

Suet. Calig. 44.— Sup.:

Crassus magnificentissimā aedilitate functus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16.—Of medicaments, valuable, useful, admirable, Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 38.—Hence, adv., in two forms: magnĭfĭcē and (postAug.) magnĭfĭcenter, nobly, magnificently, generously, grandly, sumptuously, richly, splendidly, excellently:

magnifice conscreabor,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 7:

cesso magnifice patriceque,

id. Cas. 3, 6, 7:

magnifice laudare,

Cic. Brut. 73, 254:

ornare convivium,

id. Quint. 30, 93:

comparare convivi um,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:

vivere,

id. Off. 1, 26, 65:

vincere,

splendidly, gloriously, id. Cat. 2, 1, 1:

radicula ex melle prodest magnifice ad tussim,

admirably, excellently, Plin. 24, 11, 58, § 96; 30, 14, 47, § 139.—In a bad sense, pompously, proudly, haughtily, boastfully: se jactare. Auct. Her. 4, 21, 29:

incedere,

Liv. 2, 6.—In the form magnificenter:

oppidum magnificenter aedificatum et eleganter,

Vitr. 1, 6.— Comp.:

magnificentius et dicere et sentire,

grandly, loftily, Cic. Or. 34, 119.— Sup.:

consulatum magnificentissime gerere,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

gloriosissime et magnificentissime aliquid conficere,

id. Att. 14, 4, 2: jactare se, 2, 21, 3.

mūnĭ-ceps, ĭpis ( gen. plur., municipium for municipum, Tab. Heracl. ap. Mazoch. line 71), comm. [munia-capio, v. infra], an inhabitant of a municipium or free town, a burgher, citizen (class.): municeps, qui in municipio liber natus est. Item, qui ex alio genere hominum munus functus est. Item qui in municipio a servitute se liberavit a municipe. Item municipes erant, qui ex aliis civitatibus Romam venissent, quious non licebat magistratum capere, sed tantum muneris partem, ut fuerunt Cumani, Acerrani, Atellani, qui et cives Romani erant, et in legione merebant, sed dignitates non capiebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 131 Müll. (v. infra):

municipes sunt cives Romani ex municipiis, legibus suis et suo jure utentes: muneris tantum cum populo Romano honorarii participes: a quo munere capessendo appellati videntur, nullis aliis necessitatibus, neque ullā populi Romani lege astricti, nisi, inquam, populus eorum fundus factus est. Primos autem municipes sine suffragii jure Caerites esse factos, accepimus: concessumque illis, ut civitatis Romanae honorem quidem caperent, sed negotiis tamen atque oneribus vacarent, pro sacris bello Gallico receptis custoditisque,

Gell. 16, 13, 6: municeps Cosanus, a citizen of (the municipium of) Cosa, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 161.—

Transf.

A fellow-citizen, fellowcountryman:

municeps noster,

our fellowcountryman, Cic. Brut. 70, 246:

amavit Glyceram municipem suam,

his fellow-countrywoman, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 125: di municipes, a term applied in contempt to those deities who were confined to particular localities:

videmus gentiles deos colere municipes, ut Eleusinios Cererem, Phrygas Matrem, Epidaurios Aesculapium,

Min. Fel. Oct. 6.— Poet., of fishes:

vendere municipes siluros,

Juv. 4, 33.—Of inanim. things: municipes Jovis advexisse lagenas, bottles, the countrymen of Jove, i. e. Cretan bottles, Juv. 14, 271.—

A freedman in a municipium, Dig. 50, 1, 1; so ib. 23 and 27.

mūnus (old orthogr. moenus;

moenera militiaï,

Lucr. 1, 29), ĕris, n. [root mu-; cf.: moenia, munis, munia, etc.], a service, office, post, employment, function, duty (class.; syn.: officium, ministerium, honos).

Lit.: munus significat officium, cum dicitur quis munere fungi. Item donum quod officii causā datur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll. (cf. infra):

munus curare,

to discharge an office, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 76:

octo munus hominum fungi,

id. Men. 1, 4, 5:

administrare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 2:

munus atque officium,

Cic. Font. 7, 15:

rei publicae,

a public office, id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

belli,

Liv. 24, 35:

de jure respondendi sustinere,

Cic. Brut. 30, 113:

rei publicae explere,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

vigiliarum obire,

to perform, Liv. 3, 6:

officii,

the performance of a duty, Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes: a te hoc civitas exspectat,

duty, office, obligation, id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

principum est resistere levitati multitudinis,

id. Mil. 8, 22:

vitae,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

senectutis,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 10.—

Esp., = onus, a duty, burden, tribute:

cum hoc munus imponebatur tam grave civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

id quoque munus leve atque commune Mamertinis remisisti,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21, §

52: dum ne quis eorum munere vacaret,

Liv. 25, 7, 4:

non enim detractionem eam munerum militiae, sed apertam defectionem esse,

id. 27, 9, 9.—

Transf.

A work:

majorum vigiliarum munus, Cic. Par. prooem.: solitudinis,

a work, book, written in solitude, id. Off. 3, 1, 4.—

A service, favor: huc ire licet atque illuc munere ditium dominorum, Sall. Orat. Licin.; Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1.—

In partic., the last service, office to the dead, i. e. burial: pro hominis dignitate amplo munere extulit, Nep. Eum. 4, 4 (dub.;

al. funere): suprema,

Verg. A. 11, 25:

supremum mortis,

Cat. 101, 3:

debita,

Val. Fl. 3, 313:

fungi inani Munere,

Verg. A. 6, 885:

cineri haec mittite nostro Munera,

id. ib. 4, 624.—

A present, gift (syn.:

donum, praemium): bonum datum deorum concessu atque munere,

Cic. Univ. 14:

mittere alicui,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

mittere aliquid alicui munere,

to send one something as a present, Plin. 37, 5, 19, § 74 (al. muneri):

quasi totam regionem muneri accepissent,

had received as a present, Tac. A. 14, 31:

aliquem munere donare,

to present one with a gift, Verg. A. 5, 282:

dare muneri aliquid alicui,

to give one something as a present, Nep. Thras. 4, 2:

munera Liberi,

i. e. wine, Hor. C. 4, 15, 26:

terrae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 10:

Cereris,

bread, Ov. M. 10, 74; cf.:

gratae post munus aristae,

Juv. 14, 183:

quem munere palpat Carus,

i. e. a bribe, id. 1, 35.—

In partic.

A public show, spectacle, entertainment, exhibition, esp. a show of gladiators, which was given to the people by the magistrates, and generally by the ædiles, as an expression of gratitude for the honorable office to which they had been elected (cf.:

ludus, spectaculum): erat munus Scipionis, dignum et eo ipso et illo Q. Metello, cui dabatur,

Cic. Sest. 58, 124:

munus magnificum dare,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6:

praebere,

id. Sull. 19, 54:

functus est aedilicio maximo munere,

i. e. gave a splendid exhibition, id. Off. 2, 16, 55:

edere,

Suet. Tit. 7:

venationes, quae vocantur munera,

Lact. 6, 20:

munera nunc edunt,

Juv. 3, 36; 4, 18.—

A public building for the use of the people, erected at the expense of an individual:

Pompeii munera,

the theatre, Vell. 2, 130, 1:

aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater Addidit (i. e. theatro Marcelli porticum Octaviam),

Ov. A. A. 1, 69.—

Transf., of the structure of the universe:

effector vel moderator tanti operis et muneris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70.

per-fungor, functus, v. dep. n.

Lit., to fulfil, perform, discharge (class.).

With abl.:

munere quodam necessitatis, et gravi opere perfungimur,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:

rei publicae muneribus,

id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

rebus amplissimis,

id. Brut. 2, 8.—

With acc. (post-Aug.): onera quaestoria perfunctus est, Front. Ep. ad Verum, 7.—

Transf.

To go through, undergo, endure; to get through with, get rid of.

With abl.:

pericula, quibus nos perfuncti sumus,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4:

molestiā,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

fato,

Gell. 10, 18, 3:

vitā,

i. e. to die, Lucr. 3, 982.—

With ab (ante-class.): sues perfunctas esse a febri, et a foriā, are free from, etc., Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 5.—(Others omit the prep. a.)—

With acc.:

timorem illum satis inanem perfuncti,

App. M. 8, p. 208, 41:

omnia perfunctus vitai praemia marces,

Lucr. 3, 956; cf.:

zeugma multa pro aliquo perpessus atque perfunctus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.—

Absol.:

jam perfunctus sum, explevi animos invidorum,

I have gone through it, have stood it out, Cic. Dom. 17, 44:

judices, quod se perfunctos jam esse arbitrantur, cum de reo judicarunt, neglegentius attendunt cetera,

Cic. Clu. 41, 116.—In a pass. signif.:

memoria perfuncti periculi,

Cic. Sest. 4, 10.—

To enjoy (very rare).

With abl.: omnibus bonis, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5:

epulis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 227.—

Absol.:

dum aetas tempus tulit, perfuncta satis sum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 18.

sĕnex, sĕnis (nom. and acc. of the neutr. plur. in the posit. and of the neutr. sing. in the comp. do not occur; orig. gen. sĕnicis, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P.), adj. [Sanscr. sana-s, old; Gr. henos, henê, old; cf.: senium, senesco, senatus, senilis, senectus, Seneca] ( comp. senior), old, aged, advanced in years; and subst., an aged person, an old man, old woman (from the latter half of the fortieth year onward; v. infra the passages from Gell. 10, 28, 1, and from Liv. 30, 30; cf.: annosus, longaevus, vetulus).

Adj.:

(paterfamilias) vendat boves vetulos, plostrum vetus, ferramenta vetera, servum senem, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 2, 7:

hic est vetus, vietus, veternosus senex,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 21: nam vere pusus tu, tua amica senex, Papin. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll.:

turpe senex miles, turpe senilis amor,

Ov. Am. 1, 9, 4:

cervi,

id. A. A. 3, 78:

latrans,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

porci,

Juv. 6, 159:

cygni,

Mart. 5, 37, 1:

mulli,

id. 10, 30, 24:

Bacchus (i. e. vinum),

id. 13, 23; cf.

of the same, auctumni,

id. 3, 58, 7:

Damascena (pruna),

id. 5, 18, 3 et saep.:

admodum senex,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10:

nemo est tam senex qui se annum non putet posse vivere,

id. ib. 7, 24:

nomen Nostra tuum senibus loqueretur pagina seclis,

in later ages, Verg. Cir. 40.— Comp.:

grandior seniorque,

Lucr. 3, 955:

Cato, quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis,

Cic. Lael. 1, 5:

quae vis senior est quam, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

corpora seniora,

Cels. 5, 28, 4:

anni,

Ov. M. 15, 470:

dens,

Mart. 9, 58, 11:

cadus,

id. 9, 94, 2.—Rarely with aetate:

Sophocles, aetate jam senior,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 2 ext.:

nobis adulescentibus seniores in agendo facti praecipere solebant, ne, etc.,

Quint. 5, 6, 6:

senior ut ita dicam, quam illa aetas ferebat, oratio,

more mature, Cic. Brut. 43, 160.—

Subst.:

ut tum ad senem senex de senectute, sic, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 1, 5: quos ait Caccilius comicos stul [p. 1670] tos senes, etc.... ut petulantia magis est adulescentium quam senum... sic ista senilis stultitia senum levium est... Appius et caecus et senex, etc.... senem, in quo est adulescentis aliquid, probo, etc., id. Sen. 11, 36 sq.:

senem in patriam revertentem, unde puer profectus sum (the words of Hannibal, who was not yet fifty years of age),

Liv. 30, 30:

mixta senum ac juvenum densentur funera,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 19; cf.:

haec recinunt juvenes dictata senesque,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 55:

aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 26:

ter aevo functus senex,

i. e. Nestor, id. C. 2, 9, 14:

tun' capite cano amas, senex nequissime?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34:

quo senex nequior nullus vivit,

id. Cas. 5, 1, 10:

te sene omnium senem neminem esse ignaviorem,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28 et saep.— Fem.:

hanc tot mala ferre senem,

this old woman, Tib. 1, 6, 82; Val. Fl. 1, 349; Stat. Th. 5, 149.— Comp., an elder, elderly person; sometimes (esp. in the poets) also for senex, an aged person:

facilius sanescit puer vel adulescens quam senior,

Cels. 5, 26, 6:

si quis Forte coheredum senior male tussiet,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 107:

vix ea fatus erat senior (i. e. Anchises),

Verg. A. 2, 692; so,

= senex,

Ov. M. 1, 645; 2, 702; 11, 646; 12, 182; 12, 540; id. F. 4, 515; Stat. S. 1, 3, 94; id. Achill. 2, 383 al.:

(Servius Tullius) seniores a junioribus divisit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39; cf.

of the same: C. Tubero in Historiarum primo scripsit, Servium Tullium... eos (milites) ab anno septimo decimo ad annum quadragesimum sextum juniores, supraque eum annum seniores appellasse,

Gell. 10, 28, 1:

centuriae juniorum seniorumque,

Liv. 1, 43.— Poet.:

centuriae seniorum simply, for seniores,

Hor. A. P. 341:

curae fuit consulibus et senioribus Patrum, ut, etc.,

Liv. 2, 30:

consulares ac seniores (opp. juniores Patrum),

id. 3, 41:

omnium seniorum, matrum familiae, virginum precibus et fletu excitati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4:

sapienter, ut senior, suaserat,

Flor. 1, 16, 10:

juniores a senioribus consilium petiverunt,

id. 2, 6, 26:

haec... laeti audiere juvenes, ingrata senioribus erant,

Curt. 8, 1, 27:

hinc inter juniores senesque orta contentio est,

id. 8, 1, 31.—In eccl. Lat., an elder in the synagogue or church, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 26; id. 2 Johan. 1.

stīpendĭum, ii, n. [contr. from stipipendium, from stips-pendo].

In publicists' lang., a tax, impost, tribute, contribution (payable in money; whereas vectigal in kind; the former being regarded as the more humiliating; v. stipendiarius, I.): Poeni stipendia pendunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll. (Ann. v. 269 Vahl.); so,

pendere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 5, 27; Sall. C. 20, 7; Liv. 2, 9; 21, 10:

conferre,

id. 33, 42:

solvere,

id. 39, 7:

imponere victis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 7, 54:

stipendio liberare aliquem,

id. 5, 27:

de stipendio recusare,

id. ib. 1, 44:

stipendi spem facere,

Liv. 28, 25, 9.—

Transf.

In gen., tribute, dues ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

indomito nec dira ferens stipendia tauro (sc. Minotauro),

Cat. 64, 173:

quae finis aut quod me manet stipendium?

penalty, Hor. Epod. 17, 36:

alii tamen obscuriores (scriptores) aliquod stipendium nostro studio contulerunt,

contribution, Col. 1, 1, 10.—

Income, subsistence, salary:

iis, ut adsiduae templi antistites essent, stipendium de publico statuit,

Liv. 1, 20, 3.—

In milit. lang., pay, stipend in full:

stipendium militare,

Liv. 4, 60, 5; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 45;

commonly stipendium alone: militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.; cf. Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; Liv. 4, 59 and 60:

cum stipendium ab legionibus flagitaretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

numerare militibus,

Cic. Pis. 36, 88:

persolvere,

id. Att. 5, 14, 1: dare, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26; Liv. 2, 12; 5, 12; cf.:

dare pecuniam in stipendium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 23; Liv. 27, 9 fin.:

accipere,

id. 5, 4:

stipendio afficere exercitum,

Cic. Balb. 27, 61:

augere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

fraudare,

id. ib. 3, 59:

stipendium duum mensium,

Curt. 5, 1, 45:

dum in calamitosis stipendiis versaretur,

might get pay by the misfortunes of others, Amm. 19, 12, 2.—

Transf., military service (mostly in plur.):

merere stipendia,

Cic. Mur. 5, 12:

stipendia merere (mereri),

to perform military service, to serve, id. Cael. 5, 11; id. de Or. 2, 64, 258; also,

facere,

Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27; 5, 7; 42, 34 al.; cf.:

opulenta ac ditia facere,

id. 21, 43:

emereri,

to complete the time of service, to serve out one's time, id. 25, 6; Cic. Sen. 14, 49; Sall. J. 84, 2; Liv. 3, 57; Val. Max. 6, 1, 10;

v. emereo, II.: auxiliaria stipendia mereri,

Tac. A. 2, 52:

numerare,

Liv. 4, 58:

enumerare,

id. 3, 58:

qui (milites) jam stipendiis confecti erant,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26; cf.:

stipendiis exhausti,

Liv. 27, 9:

adulescentuli statim castrensibus stipendiis imbuebantur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 5.— Sing.:

homo nullius stipendii,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

exercitui dare,

id. H. 2, 96, 6 Dietsch:

sextus decimus stipendii annus,

Tac. A. 1, 17.—

In partic., military service of a year, a year's service, a campaign:

si in singulis stipendiis is ad hostes exuvias dabit,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 36:

quod tricena aut quadragena stipendia senes tolerent,

Tac. A. 1, 17:

vicena stipendia meritis,

id. ib. 1, 36:

stipendia sua numerari jubebant,

Just. 12, 11, 4:

qui eorum minime multa stipendia haberet,

Liv. 31, 8 fin.—Sing.:

(juventus) octavo jam stipendio functa,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 8, 2; cf.

with both numbers together: secundo stipendio dextram manum perdidit, stipendiis duobus ter et vicies vulneratus est,

Plin. 7, 28, 29 § 104.—

Trop., in gen., service (very rare):

functus omnibus humanae vitae stipendiis,

i. e. duties, Sen. Ep. 93, 4:

tamquam emeritis stipendiis libidinis,

Cic. Sen. 14, 49:

plurium velut emeritis annorum stipendiis,

Col. 3, 6, 4:

rex cui (Hercules) duodecim stipendia debebat,

services, labors, Just. 2, 4, 18.

sumptus, a, um, Part. of sumo.

sumptus,, ūs ( gen. sumpti, Cato, R. R. 22, 3; Lucil., Turp., Caecil., and Varr. ap. Non. 484, 30 sq.; Turp. ib. 132, 16; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21; id. Cas. 2, 7, 2), m. [sumo, II. D.], expense, cost, charge (class.; used alike in sing. and plur.; cf.

impendium): at tibi tanto sumptui esse mihi molestum'st,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 78:

quor tu his rebus sumptum suggeris,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 37; 3, 3, 16; 5, 3, 21:

sine sumptu tuo,

id. Eun. 5, 8, 46:

perpetuos sumptus suppeditare, nec solum necessarios, sed etiam liberales,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42:

illud te rogo, sumptu ne parcas,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

extra modum sumptu et magnificentiā prodire,

id. Off. 1, 39, 140; cf.:

sumptus epularum,

id. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

quid sumptūs in eam rem aut laboris insumpserit,

id. Inv. 2, 38, 113:

ad incertum casum et eventum certus quotannis labor et certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

sumptum in rem militarem facere,

id. Fam. 12, 30, 4:

omnino nullus in imperio meo sumptus factus est,

id. Att. 6, 2, 4:

nulli sumptūs, nulla jactura,

id. Cael. 16, 38; cf. id. Att. 5, 21, 5:

adventus noster nemini ne minimo quidem fuit sumptui,

id. ib. 5, 14, 2:

sumptum nusquam melius posse poni,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 3:

exiguus sumptus aedilitatis fuit,

id. Off. 2, 17, 59:

quaestores sumptum, quem oportebat dari, non dederunt,

id. Inv. 2, 29, 87:

si qui suo sumptu functus esset officio,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 3:

magnum numerum equitatūs suo sumptu alere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

publico sumptu,

Liv. 40, 38, 6:

oppida publico Sumptu decorare,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 19:

quom tolerare hujus sumptus non queat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 33:

ubi videbit tantos sibi sumptus domi Cottidianos fieri,

id. ib. 5, 4, 5;

5, 1, 57: unde in eos sumptus pecunia erogaretur,

Liv. 1, 20, 5:

in his immanibus jacturis infinitisque sumptibus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

minuendi sunt sumptus,

id. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

sumptus, quos in cultum praetorum socii facere soliti erant, circumcisi aut sublati,

Liv. 32, 27, 4: servi qui opere rustico Faciundo facile sumptum exercerent suum, could pay their expenses, i. e. the cost of keeping them, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 91:

non amplius in singulas cenas sumptus esse facturos,

Gell. 2, 24, 2:

cenarum,

id. 2, 24, 12; 2, 24, 15.

tĕr, adv. num. [Sanscr. tris; Gr. tris; cf. tres], three times, thrice.

Lit.: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, quam semel modo parere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.):

haec rude misceto ter in die,

Cato, R. R. 104, 2:

ter in anno,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 9:

ter in anno audire nuntium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 132:

ter aut quater die perfricari,

Cels. 4, 12:

is de se ter sortibus consultum dicebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

ter aevo functus senex (Nestor),

Hor. C. 2, 9, 13; cf.:

ter amplus Geryon,

tripleheaded, id. ib. 2, 14, 7:

pepulisse Ter pede terram,

id. ib. 3, 18, 16; 4, 1, 28; id. S. 1, 10, 43:

ter consul,

Plin. Pan. 80:

ter in annum tesseras dare,

Suet. Aug. 40 et saep.—With numerals: ter quattuor corpora, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 108 (Ann. v. 96 Vahl.):

ter quinquagenos sues habere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

terni ter cyathi,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 14; and:

ter centena epigrammata,

Mart. 2, 1, 1:

ter centum milibus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 116; so,

ter centum (by many written as one word, tercentum),

Verg. A. 1, 272; Ov. M. 14, 146:

ter denis redeuntibus annis,

Verg. A. 8, 47:

ter denas vaccas Accipit,

Ov. F. 4, 635:

ter deno bove,

Sil. 15, 259:

ter et viciens volneratus est,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104.—

Transf., in gen., for an indefinite number, = often or repeatedly:

ter sese attollens cubitoque annixa levavit: Ter revoluta toro est,

Verg. A. 4, 690: ter si resurgat murus aëneus, ter pereat meis Excisus Argivis;

ter uxor Capta virum puerosque ploret,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 65 sq.:

Aeneam magnā ter voce vocavit,

Verg. A. 10, 873; 1, 116; 3, 421; Hor. C. 2, 17, 26 al.:

ter tanto pejor ipsa est,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 73:

ludos apparat... stulte bis terque,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6; so,

bis terque,

Hor. Epod. 5, 33; id. A. P. 358; 440; Ov. M. 4, 517 al.:

bisque terque,

Mart. 4, 82, 3:

terque quaterque manu pectus percussit,

Verg. A. 12, 155; so,

terque quaterque,

id. G. 2, 399:

ter et quater,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 13.—

Esp., with adjj., to denote a high degree:

felices ter et amplius, quos, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 17:

o ego ter felix, si, etc.,

thrice happy, thrice fortunate, Ov. M. 8, 51:

o terque quaterque beati!

Verg. A. 1, 94:

o mihi felicem terque quaterque diem,

Tib. 3, 3, 26.