flōs

floscŭlus, i, m. (collat. form, floscŭ-la, ae, f., Fulg. Serm. 6), dim. [flos], a little flower, floweret (rare but class.).

Lit.:

ficta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43.—

Transf., the part of a fruit where the blossom was, the eye, Col. 12, 45, 5.—

Trop., the flower, pride, ornament:

non enim flosculos... sed, jam decimum aetatis ingressus annum, certos atque deformatos fructus ostenderat,

Quint. 6 praef. § 9; Cat. 24, 1:

vitae,

i. e. youth, Juv. 9, 127.—

In partic., of speech.

Flower of rhetoric, ornament:

omnes undique flosculos carpere atque delibare,

Cic. Sest. 56, 119; cf.:

juvenibus flosculos omnium partium in ea, quae sunt dicturi, congerentibus,

Quint. 10, 5, 23; 2, 5, 22; 12, 10, 73:

ut Noctes istae quadam tenus his quoque historiae flosculis leviter injectis aspergerentur,

Gell. 17, 2, 1.—

A motto, sentence culled from a writing, Sen. Ep. 33, 1.

floscŭlus, i, m. (collat. form, floscŭ-la, ae, f., Fulg. Serm. 6), dim. [flos], a little flower, floweret (rare but class.).

Lit.:

ficta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43.—

Transf., the part of a fruit where the blossom was, the eye, Col. 12, 45, 5.—

Trop., the flower, pride, ornament:

non enim flosculos... sed, jam decimum aetatis ingressus annum, certos atque deformatos fructus ostenderat,

Quint. 6 praef. § 9; Cat. 24, 1:

vitae,

i. e. youth, Juv. 9, 127.—

In partic., of speech.

Flower of rhetoric, ornament:

omnes undique flosculos carpere atque delibare,

Cic. Sest. 56, 119; cf.:

juvenibus flosculos omnium partium in ea, quae sunt dicturi, congerentibus,

Quint. 10, 5, 23; 2, 5, 22; 12, 10, 73:

ut Noctes istae quadam tenus his quoque historiae flosculis leviter injectis aspergerentur,

Gell. 17, 2, 1.—

A motto, sentence culled from a writing, Sen. Ep. 33, 1.

fŏlĭum, ii, n. [Gr. phullon, for phulion; cf. alius, allos; root prob. phla-, phlasmos; Lat. flos, Flora], a leaf (cf. frons).

Lit., of plants:

quid in arboribus? in quibus non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt denique, nisi, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 179:

latissima (folia) fico, angusta myrto, capillata pino, aculeata aquifolio, etc.,

Plin. 16, 24, 38, § 90:

concava caepae,

id. 19, 6, 31, § 100:

foliis ex arboribus strictis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58, 3:

mobilia,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 5:

amara,

id. S. 2, 3, 114:

arida laureae,

Cic. Pis. 40, 97.—

Prov.: folia nunc cadunt, si triduom hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24.—As a proverb of mobility or changeableness:

nec me consules movent, qui ipsi pluma aut folio facilius moventur,

Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2.—The Sibyl wrote her oracles on leaves (acc. to Varro, on palmleaves), Verg. A. 3, 444; 6, 74 Serv.;

hence, prov.: credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllae,

i. e. I am talking gospel, absolute truth, Juv. 8, 126.—

Trop., a thing of no consequence, a trifle:

folia sunt artis et nugae merae,

App. M. 1, p. 106, 8.—

Transf., a leaf of paper (late Lat. for plagula, charta, or schedula):

ille manu retractis in calcem foliis sic exorsus est,

Macr. S. 5, 4, 1. (In Plin. 37, 7, 29, § 103, the better read. is fila; v. Jan. and Sillig, ad h. l.).

gaudĭum, ii (apoc. form gau, like cael for caelum, do for domum: replet te laetificum gau, Enn. ap. Auson. Technop. 144; Ann. 451 Vahl.), n. [id.], inward joy, joy, gladness, delight (opp. laetitia, joy which shows itself externally).

Lit.

In gen.

Sing.:

cum ratione animus movetur placide atque constanter, tum illud gaudium dicitur: cum autem inaniter et effuse animus exsultat, tum illa laetitia gestiens vel nimia dici potest, quam ita definiunt sine ratione animi elationem,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 48, 1:

voluptas dicitur etiam in animo... non dicitur laetitia nec gaudium in corpore,

id. Fin. 2, 4, 13 (cf. under B.):

veluti ex servitute erepta (plebs) gaudium atque laetitiam agitabat,

Sall. C. 48, 1:

exsultare laetitia, triumphare gaudio,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A, 2:

non possum non confiteri, cumulari me maximo gaudio, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

gaudio compleri, gaudio afficere,

id. Fin. 5, 24, 69 sq.:

tuis litteris perlectis exsilui gaudio,

id. Fam. 16, 16, 1; cf.:

cum tuas litteras legissem, incredibili gaudio sum elatus,

id. ib. 10, 12, 2; id. Rep. 3, 30:

gaudium, tristitiam ostendimus (manibus),

Quint. 11, 3, 86:

missa legatio quae gaudio fungeretur,

to express their joy, offer their congratulations, Tac. H. 2, 55:

prae gaudio ubi sim nescio,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 67; cf.:

nimio gaudio paene desipere,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2:

exclamare gaudio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 30; cf.:

lacrimare gaudio,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 55: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 47:

quid illud gaudii est?

Ter. And. 5, 5, 7.—With an object-genitive:

gaudium periculosi saltus superati,

Liv. 42, 55, 4.—

Plur.: quocum multa volup ac gaudia clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 247 Vahl.):

cum me tantis affecistis gaudiis,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 105; more freq., the outward expressions of joy:

feminarum praecipue et gaudia insignia erant et luctus,

Liv. 22, 7, 12 (cf. sing.:

gaudio exultans,

id. 21, 42, 3):

quibus gaudiis exsultabis?

Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

ita varie per omnem exercitum laetitia, maeror, luctus atque gaudia agitabantur,

Sall. C. 61 fin.:

o qui complexus et gaudia quanta fuerunt!

Hor. S. 1, 5, 43:

gaudia prodentem vultum celare,

id. ib. 2, 5, 104:

in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30 (cf. gaudeo, II. A.):

hunc scio mea solide gavisurum gaudia,

Ter. And. 5, 5, 8:

scin' me in quibus sim gaudiis?

id. Eun. 5, 9, 5.—Prov.:

Gaudia principium nostri sunt doloris,

Ov. M. 7, 796.—

In partic., sensual pleasure, delight, enjoyment (rare; not in Cic.; cf.

above the passage,

Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13; usually in plur.):

dediti corporis gaudiis per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agunt,

Sall. J. 2, 4:

mutua gaudia,

Lucr. 4, 1205; 5, 854:

communia,

id. 4, 1196; cf. ib. 1106; Tib. 1, 5, 39; Hor. C. 3, 6, 28:

non umquam reputant quanti sibi gaudia constent,

Juv. 6, 365:

vini atque cibi,

id. 10, 204:

cenae,

id. 15, 41.—In sing.:

mihi sibique pestiferum hinc abstulit gaudium,

Liv. 1, 58, 8.—

Transf., also, like our joy, for an object which produces joy, a cause or occasion of joy (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ceterum hoc gaudium magna prope clade in Samnio foedatum est,

Liv. 7, 34, 1:

non animo solum patrio gratum munus, sed corpori quoque salubre gaudium (sc. reditus filii) fuit,

id. 37, 37, 7:

cupidus falsis attingere gaudia palmis, i. e. conjugem,

Prop. 1, 19, 9:

fugiunt tua gaudia,

Ov. H. 15, 109; Phaedr. 4, 20, 27; Petr. 79, 10.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

non omnes (arbores) florent, et sunt tristes quaedam, quaeque non sentiant gaudia annorum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 95:

flos est gaudium arborum,

id. ib.:

adamas opum gaudium,

id. 20 praef. § 2.

gĕnĕrōsus a, um, adj. [genus], of good or noble birth, noble, eminent (class.).

Lit.:

generosa ac nobilis virgo (opp. mulier ignota),

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20:

civili generosa ab stirpe profectus,

id. Div. 1, 12, 20:

generosissima femina,

Suet. Tib. 49; cf.:

viderat a veteris generosam sanguine Teucri Iphis Anaxareten, humili de stirpe creatus,

Ov. M. 14, 698:

non quia, Maecenas, nemo generosior est te... naso suspendis adunco Ignotos,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 2; cf. id. 24: quamquam ego naturam unam et communem omnium existimo, sed fortissimum quemque generosissimum, Sall. J. 85, 15:

nominibus generosus avitis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 1:

Maeoniā generose domo,

Verg. A. 10, 141:

miles,

i. e. the Fabii, Ov. F. 2, 199:

o generosam stirpem!

Cic. Brut. 58, 213:

atria,

Ov. F. 1, 591:

quis enim generosum dixerit hunc?

Juv. 8, 30:

sapiens et nobilis et generosus,

id. 7, 191; 8, 224.—

Transf., of animals, plants, etc., of a good or noble species, noble, superior, excellent (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sues,

of a noble stock, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 233:

pecus,

Verg. G. 3, 75:

equus,

Quint. 5, 11, 4; Symm. Ep. 4, 61:

leones generosissimi,

Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47:

testa (i. e. concha),

Hor. S. 2, 4, 31:

ostrea,

Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 61:

generosum et lene requiro (vinum),

of a good sort, generous, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 18; cf.

vitis,

Col. 3, 2 fin.; 3, 2, 17:

pruna,

Ov. M. 13, 818; cf.:

generosissima mala,

Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 64:

quod est pomum generosissimum? nonne quod optimum?

Quint. 5, 11, 4:

sorba,

Plin. 15, 21, 23, § 85:

obsonium,

id. 15, 29, 35, § 118:

arbor,

Quint. 8, 3, 76:

flos,

Ov. F. 5, 211 al.:

generosos palmite colles,

id. M. 15, 710; cf.:

insula inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis,

Verg. A. 10, 174.—

Trop.

Of persons, noble-minded, magnanimous, generous:

cum de imperio certamen esset cum rege generoso ac potente (Pyrrho),

Cic. Off. 3, 22, 86; cf.:

quid homo? nonne is generosissimus qui optimus?

Quint. 5, 11, 4:

Alexander generosi spiritus imperator,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149:

quis enim generosum dixerit hunc qui Indignus genere,

Juv. 8, 30.—

Of things, noble, dignified, honorable:

humilis et minime generosus ortus amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 9, 29:

quaedam generosa virtus,

id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16:

Dolabella, vir simplicitatis generosissimae,

Vell. 2, 125 fin.:

quo generosior celsiorque est (animus),

Quint. 1, 2, 3; id. 2, 4, 4:

forma magnifica et generosa quodammodo,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261;

quoted by Suet. paraphrastically,

Suet. Caes. 55: quicquid est in oratione generosius, Quint. prooem. 24: tamen emerui generosos vestis honores, i. e. the dress of honor (of a mother of three children), Prop. 4, 11, 61. —Hence, * adv.: gĕnĕrōse (acc. to II.), nobly:

generosius Perire quaerens,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 21.

hĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [weakened from CHAÔ, chainô, chaskô; cf. Germ. gähnen].

Neutr., to open, stand or be open, to gape.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): hiavit humus multa, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 318, 29; cf.:

(calor) venas astringit hiantes,

Verg. G. 1, 91:

vasti specus hiant defractis membris (colossi Rhodii),

Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 41; Hor. Epod. 8, 5:

nec flos ullus hiat pratis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 45; cf.:

hiantia lilia,

Ov. A. A. 2, 115:

quercum patulis rimis hiantem,

Gell. 15, 16, 2: Ch. Qui potuit videre? Ac. Oculis. Ch. Quo pacto? Ac. Hem hiantibus, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 71:

oculi hiantes,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139:

cum pisciculi in concham hiantem innataverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123.—

In partic., to open the mouth, to gape, yawn:

inceptus clamor frustratur hiantes,

Verg. A. 6, 493:

perdices hiantes, exserta lingua aestuant,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

trochilos crocodilum invitat ad hiandum pabuli sui gratia,

id. 8, 25, 37, § 90:

leo immane hians,

Verg. A. 10, 726:

lupus (piscis) hic Tiberinus an alto Captus hiet,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 32:

profluentem aquam hianti ore captantes,

Curt. 4, 16.—

Trop.

Of speech, to be badly connected, to leave a hiatus:

qui (vocalium concursus) cum accidit, hiat et intersistit et quasi laborat oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 33; cf.:

hiare semper vocalibus,

id. ib. 20; and:

qui (poëtae), ut versum facerent, saepe hiabant: ut Naevius: Vos qui accolitis Histrum fluvium atque algidam, etc.,

Cic. Or. 45, 152; cf.

also: crebrae vocalium concursiones, quae vastam atque hiantem orationem reddunt,

Auct. Her. 4, 12, 18; and:

concursus hiantes,

Cic. Part. Or. 6, 21:

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

hians compositio,

Tac. Or. 21:

hiantia loqui,

Cic. Or. 9, 32.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) To gape, with longing, wonder, or curiosity; to be eager, to long for any thing; to be amazed:

huic homini si cujus domus patet, utrum ea patere an hiare ac poscere aliquid videtur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8:

canis semper ad spem futuri hiat,

Sen. Ep. 72 med.; cf.:

corvum deludet hiantem,

i. e. the legacy-hunter, Hor. S. 2, 5, 56:

ne facies (equi) emptorem inducat hiantem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 88:

quem ducit hiantem Cretata ambitio,

Pers. 5, 176:

avaritiā semper hiante esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134; cf. Tac. H. 1, 12 fin.:

hunc plausus hiantem Per cuneos... Corripuit,

Verg. G. 2, 508:

luxus et ignavia lacerabat hiantem Desidia populum,

Sil. 11, 35.—

Act., to spew out ( poet. and very rare):

subitos ex ore cruores Saucia tigris hiat,

i. e. spits, emits, Val. Fl. 6, 706.—

To bawl out, utter, sing:

fabula seu maesto ponatur hianda tragoedo,

Pers. 5, 3:

carmen lyra,

plays, Prop. 2, 31, 6 (3, 29, 6 M.).

ignāvus, a, um, adj. [in-gnavus, navus], inactive, lazy, slothful, idle, sluggish, listless, without spirit, cowardly, dastardly (syn.: iners, socors; opp.: strenuus, alacer, fortis).

Lit., of living beings (freq. and class.):

homines,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 49:

si non fecero Ei male aliquo pacto, me esse dicito ignavissimum,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 27:

quid ergo ille ignavissumus mi latitabat?

id. Trin. 4, 2, 82; 1, 2, 128; id. Poen. 4, 2, 24:

homo inertior, ignavior, magis vir inter mulieres proferri non potest,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192:

ignavus miles ac timidus,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.:

compertum habeo, milites neque ex ignavo strenuum neque fortem ex timido exercitum oratione imperatoris fieri,

Sall. C. 58, 1:

feroces et inquieti inter socios, ignavi et imbelles inter hostes,

Liv. 26, 2, 11:

ignavissimus ac fugacissimus hostis,

id. 5, 28, 8:

ignavissimi homines (opp.: fortissimi viri),

Sall. C. 12 fin.:

canis Ignavus adversum lupos,

Hor. Epod. 6, 2:

(apes) Ignavaeque fame et contracto frigore pigrae,

Verg. G. 4, 259:

ignavum, fucos, pecus a praesepibus arcent,

id. A. 1, 435:

genus ignavum quod lecto gaudet,

Juv. 7, 105.— Subst.:

cedentibus ignavis et imbecillis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32:

in bello poena ignavis ab imperatoribus constituitur,

id. Caecin. 16, 46:

in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet, adversae res etiam bonos detractant,

Sall. J. 53 fin.; cf.:

gloriam, honorem, imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant,

id. C. 11, 2:

favimus ignavo,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 73.—

With gen.:

legiones operum et laboris ignavae,

Tac. A. 11, 18; cf.:

possis ignavus haberi et subiti casus improvidus, si, etc.,

Juv. 3, 272.

Transf.

Of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae vitia non sunt senectutis, sed inertis, ignavae, somniculosae senectutis,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 36:

nemora,

i. e. unfruitful, Verg. G. 2, 208:

globus,

i. e. immovable, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 33; cf.

gravitas,

Ov. M. 2, 821:

stagna jacentis aquae,

Luc. 5, 442:

ignavo stupuerunt verba palato,

i. e. speechless, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 47:

mora,

id. A. A. 1, 186:

anni,

spent in idleness, id. Am. 1, 15, 1; cf.

otia,

id. Tr. 1, 7, 25:

septima lux,

i. e. the Jewish Sabbath, Juv. 14, 106: ignavum conferunt stipendium, only money, not soldiers, arms, etc., Vell. 2, 39, 1:

sucus meconium vocatur, multum opio ignavior,

weaker, less efficacious, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202: quorundam flos tantum jucundus, reliquae partes ignavae, ut violae ac rosae, without smell, id. 21, 7, 18, § 37:

cornicula ante oculos ignava,

i. e. of no use, id. 11, 28, 34, § 100:

ignavum est rediturae parcere vitae,

Luc. 1, 492.—

Of things that produce inactivity or indolence, that renders slothful or inactive: nec nos impediet illa ignava ratio, quae dicitur: appellatur enim quidam a philosophis argos logos, cui si pareamus, nihil omnino agamus in vita. Sic enim interrogant:

Si fatum tibi est, etc.... Recte genus hoc interrogationis ignavum et iners nominatum est, quod eadem ratione omnis e vita tolletur actio,

relaxing, Cic. Fat. 12, 28 sq.:

frigus,

Ov. M. 2, 763:

aestus,

id. ib. 7, 529:

dolor,

Plin. 11, 18, 20, § 64.—Hence, adv. in two forms, ignāvē and ignā-vĭter.

Ignave, sluggishly, slothfully, without spirit:

ne quid abjecte, ne quid timide, ne quid ignave, ne quid serviliter muliebriterve faciamus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 55:

dicere multa,

flatly, tamely, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67.—

Ignaviter, lazily, sluggishly, tardily: ignaviter quaerere, Lucil. ap. Non. 513, 14; Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2.—

Comp.:

carpere ignavius herbas,

Verg. G. 3, 465.

ĭn-ŏdōrus, a, um, adj.

Without smell, inodorous:

ossa,

unperfumed, Pers. 6, 35:

flos,

App. M. 4, p. 143, 16.—

Without the sense of smell:

animalia,

Gell. 7, 6 (also ap. Non. 129, 11).

ĭn-umbro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to cast a shadow upon, to shade (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn. opaco).

Lit.:

terraque inumbratur,

Lucr. 5, 289:

toros obtentu frondis,

Verg. A. 11, 66:

forum velis,

Plin. 19, 1, 6, § 24; Curt. 3, 4, 9; Quint. 12, 10, 60.—

Transf.

To cause darkness:

inumbrante vespera,

Tac. H. 3, 19.—

To cover:

ora coronis,

Lucr. 3, 913:

pubem pallio,

App. M. 10, p. 254: ante genas quam flos juvenilis inumbret, Claud. Prob. et Olyb. 69.—

To mark the shadows upon, to mark out, lay out (anteclass.):

solarium,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 4 Müll. —

Trop., to obscure:

imperatoris adventu legatorum dignitas inumbratur,

Plin. Pan. 19, 1:

inumbrata quies,

apparent, Dig. 41, 2, 18, § 1.