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evidence+that

  • 101 свидетельство

    evidence, illustration, indication, certificate, testimony
    • Безусловно, имеется свидетельство роста... - There is indeed evidence for an increase in...
    • Все имеющиеся свидетельства указывают, что... - All available evidence indicates that...
    • Имеется (лишь) очень слабое свидетельство... - There is very little evidence of...
    • Имеется свидетельство, что... - There is evidence that...
    • Имеются все свидетельства того, что... - There is every indication that...
    • Имеются некоторые свидетельства, что... - There is some evidence that...
    • Нет свидетельств в пользу того, что... - There is no evidence to suggest that...
    • Нет никаких свидетельств относительно возможности... - There is no evidence that it is possible to...
    • Однако имеется огромное множество свидетельств того, что... - But there is a great deal of evidence that...
    • Однако требуются более убедительные свидетельства для того, чтобы материализовать требование, что... - More convincing evidence is needed, however, to substantiate the claim that...
    • Также имеется свидетельство того, что... - There is also evidence that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > свидетельство

  • 102 есть указания на то, что

    •

    Evidence indicates (or suggests) that most carbohydrates exist principally in this form.

    •

    The largest pollutant by mass is carbon dioxide, and there is ( some) evidence that man's activities are altering the concentrations formerly controlled by nature.

    •

    Carbonaceous chondrites show evidence of hav ing been formed from...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть указания на то, что

  • 103 есть указания на то, что

    •

    Evidence indicates (or suggests) that most carbohydrates exist principally in this form.

    •

    The largest pollutant by mass is carbon dioxide, and there is ( some) evidence that man's activities are altering the concentrations formerly controlled by nature.

    •

    Carbonaceous chondrites show evidence of hav ing been formed from...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть указания на то, что

  • 104 prueba privilegiada

    • evidence that may be used only in case of felony

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > prueba privilegiada

  • 105 prueba

    f.
    1 piece of evidence.
    no tengo pruebas I have no proof o evidence
    2 sign.
    en o como prueba de in o as proof of
    3 test.
    prueba del embarazo pregnancy test
    la prueba de fuego the acid test
    prueba de resistencia endurance test
    4 test.
    prueba de acceso entrance examination
    prueba de aptitud aptitude test
    5 ordeal, trial (trance).
    6 event (sport).
    7 proof (Imprenta).
    8 sample.
    9 audition.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: probar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: probar.
    * * *
    2 (experimento) experiment, trial
    3 (examen) test
    4 TÉCNICA trial
    5 MEDICINA test
    6 DEPORTE event
    7 DERECHO evidence
    9 (en costura) fitting
    \
    a prueba de proof against
    en prueba de as a sign of
    poner a prueba to put to the test
    prueba de acceso entrance examination
    prueba de fuego acid test
    prueba del embarazo pregnancy test
    prueba nuclear nuclear test
    * * *
    noun f.
    4) test, trial
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=demostración) proof

    ¿tiene usted prueba de ello? — can you prove it?, do you have proof?

    eso es la prueba de que él lo hizo — this proves that he did it, this is the proof that he did it

    es prueba de que tiene buena salud — that proves o shows he's in good health

    • ser buena prueba de algo — to be clear proof of sth

    Alonso dio buena prueba de su calidad como orador — Alonso clearly demonstrated his quality as a speaker, Alonso gave clear proof of his quality as a speaker

    • como o en prueba de — in proof of

    como o en prueba de lo cual — in proof of which

    me lo dio como o en prueba de amistad — he gave it to me as a token of friendship

    como o en prueba de que no es así te lo ofrezco gratis — to prove that that isn't the case, I'll give it to you for free

    2) (Jur) piece of evidence
    3) (=examen) (Escol, Univ, Med) test; [de actor] (Cine) screen test; (Teat) audition

    prueba de acceso — entrance test, entrance examination

    prueba de selectividad — (Univ) entrance examination

    prueba práctica — practical, practical test

    4) (=ensayo)
    a) [gen]

    • período de prueba — [de persona] probationary period; [de producto] trial period

    • estar en (fase de) pruebas — to be on trial

    emitir en pruebas — (TV) to broadcast test transmissions

    b)

    • a prueba — (Téc) on trial; (Com) on approval, on trial

    • poner o someter a prueba — to put to the test

    c)

    • a prueba de, a prueba de agua — waterproof

    a prueba de bomba(s) — (lit) bombproof, shellproof

    prueba en carretera — (Aut) test drive

    5) (Dep) (=disciplina) event; (=carrera) race

    la prueba individual — (Tenis) the singles

    prueba campo a través — (Atletismo) cross-country race; (Hípica) cross-country trial

    prueba de carretera — (Ciclismo) road race

    prueba de relevos — relay, relay race

    prueba de vallas — hurdles, hurdles race

    prueba en ruta — (Ciclismo) road race

    prueba por equipos — (Ciclismo) team trial

    6) (Cos) fitting
    7) (Fot) print
    8) [de comida] (=acto) testing, sampling; (=cantidad) taste, sample
    9) LAm [en el circo] (=número) circus act; And (=función) circus show, performance
    10) pl pruebas (Tip) proofs

    primeras pruebas — first proofs, galleys

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (demostración, testimonio) proof

    en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude

    b) (Der) piece of evidence
    2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition
    3)
    a) (ensayo, experimento)

    a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass

    d) ( en costura) fitting
    4) (Fot, Impr) proof
    5) (Dep)

    la prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)

    II
    pruebas, etc see probar
    * * *
    = assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.
    Ex. Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.
    Ex. To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.
    Ex. An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.
    Ex. Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.
    Ex. Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.
    Ex. Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.
    Ex. Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.
    Ex. Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.
    Ex. Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.
    Ex. The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.
    Ex. Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.
    Ex. This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.
    Ex. The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.
    Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.
    Ex. The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.
    Ex. One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.
    Ex. The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.
    Ex. Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.
    Ex. These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.
    Ex. The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.
    Ex. A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.
    Ex. The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.
    Ex. Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.
    Ex. The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.
    Ex. The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.
    Ex. The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.
    Ex. Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.
    Ex. Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.
    ----
    * anterior a la prueba = pretrial.
    * antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.
    * cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.
    * carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.
    * chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.
    * como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.
    * como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.
    * como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.
    * como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.
    * como pruebas = in evidence.
    * corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.
    * corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.
    * corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.
    * corregir una prueba = correct + proof.
    * dar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.
    * de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.
    * después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].
    * durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.
    * encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.
    * en prueba = on trial.
    * existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.
    * hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.
    * hacer pruebas = prove + trials.
    * hacer una prueba = audition.
    * haciendo pruebas = trial and error.
    * las pruebas = the writing on the wall.
    * lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.
    * lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.
    * lugar de pruebas = test site.
    * no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.
    * oferta de prueba = trial offer.
    * pasar la prueba = pass + muster.
    * pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.
    * pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.
    * período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.
    * peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.
    * poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.
    * poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.
    * poseer pruebas = have + evidence.
    * posterior a la prueba = post-test.
    * presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.
    * presentar pruebas = give + evidence.
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * prueba beta = beta test.
    * prueba cloze = cloze test.
    * prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.
    * prueba de acidez = litmus test.
    * prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.
    * prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.
    * prueba de antidoping = drug testing.
    * prueba decisiva = litmus test.
    * prueba de compra = proof of purchase.
    * prueba de desgaste = wear test.
    * prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.
    * prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.
    * prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.
    * prueba de identidad = proof of identity.
    * prueba de laboratorio = lab test.
    * prueba de la densidad = density test.
    * prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.
    * prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.
    * prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.
    * prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.
    * prueba de paternidad = paternity test.
    * prueba de prensa = press proof.
    * prueba de referencia = benchmark test.
    * prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.
    * prueba determinante = litmus test.
    * prueba de tornasol = litmus test.
    * prueba de validación = validation test.
    * prueba documental = documentary evidence.
    * prueba dura = ordeal.
    * prueba evidente = living proof.
    * prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.
    * prueba final = final.
    * prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.
    * prueba in situ = field test.
    * prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.
    * prueba palpable = living proof.
    * prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].
    * pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.
    * pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.
    * pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.
    * pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.
    * pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.
    * pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.
    * pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.
    * pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.
    * pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.
    * prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.
    * pruebas previas = prior art.
    * prueba univariante = univariate test.
    * prueba viviente = living proof.
    * puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.
    * puesto a prueba = overstretched.
    * realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.
    * recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.
    * resultados de pruebas = test data.
    * sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.
    * ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.
    * ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.
    * ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.
    * someter a prueba = place + strain on.
    * terreno de pruebas = testing ground.
    * tira de prueba = test strip.
    * versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (demostración, testimonio) proof

    en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude

    b) (Der) piece of evidence
    2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition
    3)
    a) (ensayo, experimento)

    a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass

    d) ( en costura) fitting
    4) (Fot, Impr) proof
    5) (Dep)

    la prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)

    II
    pruebas, etc see probar
    * * *
    = assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.

    Ex: Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.

    Ex: To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.
    Ex: An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.
    Ex: Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.
    Ex: Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.
    Ex: Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.
    Ex: Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.
    Ex: Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.
    Ex: Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.
    Ex: The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.
    Ex: Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.
    Ex: This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.
    Ex: The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.
    Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.
    Ex: The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.
    Ex: One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.
    Ex: The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.
    Ex: Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.
    Ex: These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.
    Ex: The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.
    Ex: A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.
    Ex: The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.
    Ex: Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.
    Ex: The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.
    Ex: The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.
    Ex: The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.
    Ex: Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.
    Ex: Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.
    * anterior a la prueba = pretrial.
    * antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.
    * cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.
    * carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.
    * chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.
    * como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.
    * como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.
    * como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.
    * como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.
    * como pruebas = in evidence.
    * corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.
    * corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.
    * corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.
    * corregir una prueba = correct + proof.
    * dar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.
    * de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.
    * después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].
    * durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.
    * encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.
    * en prueba = on trial.
    * existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.
    * hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.
    * hacer pruebas = prove + trials.
    * hacer una prueba = audition.
    * haciendo pruebas = trial and error.
    * las pruebas = the writing on the wall.
    * lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.
    * lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.
    * lugar de pruebas = test site.
    * no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.
    * oferta de prueba = trial offer.
    * pasar la prueba = pass + muster.
    * pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.
    * pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.
    * período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.
    * peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.
    * poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.
    * poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.
    * poseer pruebas = have + evidence.
    * posterior a la prueba = post-test.
    * presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.
    * presentar pruebas = give + evidence.
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * prueba beta = beta test.
    * prueba cloze = cloze test.
    * prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.
    * prueba de acidez = litmus test.
    * prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.
    * prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.
    * prueba de antidoping = drug testing.
    * prueba decisiva = litmus test.
    * prueba de compra = proof of purchase.
    * prueba de desgaste = wear test.
    * prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.
    * prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.
    * prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.
    * prueba de identidad = proof of identity.
    * prueba de laboratorio = lab test.
    * prueba de la densidad = density test.
    * prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.
    * prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.
    * prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.
    * prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.
    * prueba de paternidad = paternity test.
    * prueba de prensa = press proof.
    * prueba de referencia = benchmark test.
    * prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.
    * prueba determinante = litmus test.
    * prueba de tornasol = litmus test.
    * prueba de validación = validation test.
    * prueba documental = documentary evidence.
    * prueba dura = ordeal.
    * prueba evidente = living proof.
    * prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.
    * prueba final = final.
    * prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.
    * prueba in situ = field test.
    * prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.
    * prueba palpable = living proof.
    * prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].
    * pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.
    * pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.
    * pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.
    * pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.
    * pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.
    * pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.
    * pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.
    * pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.
    * pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.
    * prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.
    * pruebas previas = prior art.
    * prueba univariante = univariate test.
    * prueba viviente = living proof.
    * puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.
    * puesto a prueba = overstretched.
    * realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.
    * recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.
    * resultados de pruebas = test data.
    * sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.
    * ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.
    * ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.
    * ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.
    * someter a prueba = place + strain on.
    * terreno de pruebas = testing ground.
    * tira de prueba = test strip.
    * versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (demostración, señal): te ha llamado, eso es prueba de que le caes bien he called you, that shows o that proves he likes you, he called you, that's a sure sign that he likes you
    no había estudiado nada, la prueba está en que no contestó ni una pregunta it was quite clear o evident that he hadn't done any studying, he didn't answer a single question
    dio constantes pruebas de su lealtad he proved his loyalty over and over again
    no dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering
    acepta este regalo en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento accept this gift as a token of my gratitude
    2 ( Der)
    (cosa, argumento): retiraron la acusación por falta de pruebas the charge was withdrawn owing to lack of evidence
    no hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad there's no proof that that's true
    tendrá que presentar pruebas de ello he will have to provide evidence to prove it, he'll have to prove it
    esta nueva prueba this new (piece of) evidence
    esto es prueba concluyente de que nos mintió this is conclusive proof that he lied to us
    a las pruebas me remito this/that proves it
    3 ( Mat):
    hacer la prueba de una operación to check one's calculations
    Compuestos:
    circumstantial evidence
    proof of purchase
    la prueba del absurdo reductio ad absurdum
    fpl material evidence
    B ( Educ) test; ( Cin) screen test, audition; ( Teatr) audition
    Compuestos:
    aptitude test
    acid test
    es un papel verdaderamente difícil, que va a ser su prueba de fuego como actor it's a really difficult part, which will be the acid test of his acting ability
    placement test, grading test
    C
    1
    (ensayo, experimento): ¿qué pasa si aprietas este botón? — no sé, hagamos la prueba what happens if you press this button? — I don't know, let's try it and see
    ¿por qué no haces la prueba de dejarlo en remojo? why don't you try leaving it to soak?
    ¡mira que te pego! — ¿a ver? ¡haz la prueba! (CS fam); I'll hit you! — oh yeah? let's see you try! ( colloq)
    2 ( en locs):
    a prueba: no tenía experiencia pero lo tomaron a prueba he had no experience but they took him on for a trial period o on probation
    tenemos esta fotocopiadora a prueba we have this photocopier on trial
    llévelo a prueba take it on trial o on approval
    poner algo a prueba to put sth to the test
    estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience
    a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch
    un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism
    a prueba de niños ( hum); childproof
    cristal a prueba de balas bulletproof glass
    dio unos argumentos a prueba de balas she put forward some rock solid o cast-iron arguments
    3 (en costura) fitting
    Compuestos:
    laboratory trial o test
    ● prueba del alcohol or de la alcoholemia
    Breathalyzer® test, sobriety test ( AmE), drunkometer test ( AmE)
    pregnancy test
    nuclear test
    ● prueba patrón or de referencia
    benchmark
    hacer la prueba patrón or de referencia to benchmark
    fpl weapons testing
    D ( Fot, Impr) proof
    corregir pruebas to proofread
    Compuestos:
    artist's proof
    ● prueba de galera or imprenta
    galley proof
    E
    1 ( Dep):
    en las pruebas de clasificación in the qualifying heats
    la prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters event o race, the 1,500 meters
    las pruebas de descenso the downhill events
    2 ( AmL) (ejercicio) feat, act
    Compuesto:
    road race
    * * *

     

    Del verbo probar: ( conjugate probar)

    prueba es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    probar    
    prueba
    probar ( conjugate probar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( demostrar) ‹teoría/inocencia› to prove
    2
    a) ‹vino/sopa› to taste;

    ( por primera vez) to try
    b) ‹ método› to try;

    ‹coche/mecanismo› to try out
    c) ‹ ropa› to try on;

    pruebale algo A algn to try sth on sb
    d) ( poner a prueba) ‹empleado/honradez› to test;

    ‹arma/vehículo› to test (out)
    verbo intransitivo ( intentar) to try;
    prueba A hacer algo to try doing sth
    probarse verbo pronominal ‹ropa/zapatos› to try on
    prueba sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (demostración, testimonio) proof;


    eso es prueba de que le caes bien that proves he likes you;
    en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento as a token of my gratitude

    2 (Educ) test;
    (Cin) screen test, audition;
    (Teatr) audition
    3
    a) (ensayo, experimento) test;


    prueba de la alcoholemia Breathalyzer® test, sobriety test (AmE), drunkometer test (AmE);
    prueba del embarazo pregnancy test
    b) ( en locs)

    ◊ a prueba: tomar a algn a prueba to take sb on for a trial period;

    tener algo a prueba to have sth on trial;
    poner algo a prueba to put sth to the test;
    a prueba de golpes/de balas shockproof/bulletproof

    4 (Fot, Impr) proof;

    5 (Dep):

    la prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters (event o race)
    probar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una teoría, un hecho) to prove
    2 (una máquina, un aparato, etc) to test
    3 (comida, bebida) to try
    (sabor, etc) to taste: no prueba el alcohol, he never touches alcohol
    II vi (intentar) to try ➣ Ver nota en try
    prueba sustantivo femenino
    1 proof
    corregir pruebas, to proofread
    como prueba de mi amistad, as a sign of my friendship
    2 (experimento, examen, etc) test, trial
    poner algo a prueba, to put sthg to the test: puso a prueba mi paciencia, she put my patience to the test
    figurado la prueba de fuego, the acid test
    prueba de alcoholemia, sobriety test, Breathalyzer(tm) test
    3 (competición) event
    4 Jur piece of evidence: no tienes pruebas, you have no evidence
    ♦ Locuciones: a prueba (en un trabajo) on trial: le cogieron quince días a prueba, they took him on for a two-week trial period
    a prueba de: a prueba de balas, bulletproof
    a prueba de golpes, shockproof
    ' prueba' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acceso
    - alcoholemia
    - cala
    - comprometedor
    - comprometedora
    - constancia
    - ensayo
    - escarceo
    - estrellarse
    - indicio
    - preliminar
    - presentarse
    - probar
    - psicotécnica
    - psicotécnico
    - selectividad
    - someter
    - suficiencia
    - terminante
    - testimonio
    - admisión
    - audición
    - bala
    - concluyente
    - contundente
    - convivencia
    - corregir
    - correr
    - decisivo
    - delator
    - documental
    - ejercicio
    - evaluación
    - exigente
    - fondo
    - individual
    - justificación
    - muestra
    - otro
    - pasar
    - preparar
    - puntaje
    - puntuar
    - resistencia
    - superar
    English:
    acid test
    - aptitude test
    - audition
    - burden
    - childproof
    - contest
    - demonstration
    - discovery
    - dummy run
    - event
    - exhibit
    - fitting
    - idiot-proof
    - positive
    - preponderance
    - probation
    - proof
    - qualifying
    - shellproof
    - shockproof
    - shred
    - strain
    - tax
    - test
    - test drive
    - test run
    - touch
    - trial
    - try
    - windproof
    - air
    - approval
    - bear
    - Breathalyzer
    - cast
    - endurance
    - failing
    - go
    - heat
    - litmus
    - one
    - over
    - pace
    - pilot
    - probationary
    - quiz
    - screen
    - see
    - sobriety
    - token
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [demostración] proof;
    no existe ninguna prueba de que haya copiado en el examen there is no proof that he copied during the exam;
    dio pruebas irrefutables de que era inocente she gave irrefutable proof of her innocence, she proved beyond doubt that she was innocent;
    no tengo pruebas I have no proof;
    ¡ahí tienes la prueba! that proves it!
    2. Der piece of evidence;
    pruebas evidence, proof;
    fue absuelto por falta de pruebas he was acquitted owing to a lack of evidence;
    presentar pruebas to submit evidence;
    a las pruebas me remito the evidence will bear me out
    pruebas indiciarias circumstantial evidence;
    pruebas de indicios circumstantial evidence;
    pruebas instrumentales documentary evidence
    3. [manifestación, señal] sign;
    eso es prueba de que les importa this proves they care, this is a sign that they care;
    a mitad de carrera empezó a dar pruebas de cansancio halfway through the race she started to show signs of tiring;
    en o [m5] como prueba de mi amistad in o as proof of friendship;
    le hice el regalo como prueba de agradecimiento/mi amor I gave her the present as a token of my gratitude/love
    4. [examen académico] test;
    el examen consta de una prueba escrita y otra oral the exam has an oral part and a written part
    prueba de acceso entrance examination;
    prueba de aptitud aptitude test
    5. [comprobación, ensayo, experimento] test;
    hicimos la prueba de cambiar las pilas we tried changing the batteries;
    ¡haga usted la prueba! try it and see!;
    hacerle a alguien una prueba to test sb, to give sb a test;
    RP Fam
    hacer la prueba: te voy a abandonar para siempre – hacé la prueba I'm going to walk out and leave you for good – go on, then!
    prueba del ADN DNA test;
    prueba del alcohol Breathalyser® test;
    prueba de (la) alcoholemia Br Breathalyser® o US drunkometer test;
    prueba antidopaje drugs test;
    prueba antidoping drugs test;
    prueba del embarazo pregnancy test;
    hacerse la prueba del embarazo to take a pregnancy test;
    Fig la prueba de fuego the acid test;
    prueba nuclear nuclear test;
    pruebas nucleares nuclear testing;
    prueba de (la) paternidad paternity test;
    prueba de resistencia endurance test;
    la prueba del sida AIDS test;
    hacerse la prueba del sida to have an AIDS test;
    prueba de sonido sound check
    6. [trance] ordeal, trial;
    la distancia fue una dura prueba para su relación being separated really put their relationship to the test
    7. Dep event;
    la prueba de los 110 metros vallas the 110 metres hurdles;
    una prueba ciclista a cycling race
    prueba clásica classic;
    prueba de saltos [de equitación] show jumping (competition)
    8. Imprenta proof;
    corregir pruebas, hacer corrección de pruebas to proofread
    9. Fot prueba negativa negative;
    10. Am [ejercicio] acrobatic feat
    ♦ a prueba loc adj
    [trabajador] on probation; [producto comprado] on trial o approval;
    poner algo/a alguien a prueba to put sth/sb to the test;
    fe a toda prueba unshakeable faith;
    * * *
    f
    1 tb TIP proof;
    en prueba de as proof of;
    dar pruebas de prove, give proof of
    2 JUR piece of evidence;
    por falta de pruebas for lack of evidence
    3 DEP event
    4 EDU test;
    admisión entrance exam
    :
    a prueba de bala bulletproof;
    a prueba de agua waterproof;
    a prueba de aire airtight;
    a prueba de fuego fireproof;
    a prueba de choques shock-resistant;
    poner algo a prueba put sth to the test
    * * *
    prueba, etc. probar
    prueba nf
    1) : proof, evidence
    2) : trial, test
    3) : proof (in printing or photography)
    4) : event, qualifying round (in sports)
    5)
    a prueba de agua : waterproof
    6)
    prueba de fuego : acid test
    7)
    poner a prueba : to put to the test
    * * *
    1. (examen, análisis) test
    2. (en deportes) event
    3. (testimonio) proof
    poner a prueba to put to the test [pt. & pp. put]

    Spanish-English dictionary > prueba

  • 106 indicio

    m.
    1 sign (señal).
    hay indicios de violencia there are signs of violence
    2 indication, hint, clue, cue.
    3 circumstantial evidence.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: indiciar.
    * * *
    1 (señal) sign
    2 (resto) trace
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=señal) [gen] indication, sign; [de gratitud] token; [de droga] trace; (Inform) marker, mark

    es indicio de — it is an indication of, it is a sign of

    no hay el menor indicio de él — there isn't the faintest sign of him, there isn't the least trace of him

    2) pl indicios (Jur) evidence sing, circumstantial evidence sing (de to)
    * * *
    1)
    a) (señal, huella) sign, indication
    b) ( vestigio) trace, sign
    2) (Der) piece of circumstantial evidence
    * * *
    = clue, cue, hint, indication, sign, straws in the wind, tell-tale indication, tell-tale sign, intimation, the writing on the wall, glimmer.
    Ex. Certainly it will always be necessary to examine the document content, concentrating particularly on the clues offered by the title, the contents page, chapter headings, and any abstracts, introduction, prefaces or other preliminary matter.
    Ex. The computer is programmed to recognise cues such as prepositions and punctuation.
    Ex. Her first hint that all was not well was with the sudden appearance of Consuelo Feng, head of the cataloging division.
    Ex. Clearly, the only totally adequate indication of the content of a document is the text of the document in its entirety.
    Ex. The tell-tale signs that mark a KWOC index include in a KWOC index all of the words that appear as headings have been extracted from titles.
    Ex. Recently, however, there have been a number of straws in the wind.
    Ex. As Feng swept by with an almost inaudible 'Good morning, Jeanne' escaping from her lips, Leforte thought she detected the tell-tale indications of crying on her face -- the red, swollen eyes, the puffiness.
    Ex. The tell-tale signs that mark a KWOC index include in a KWOC index all of the words that appear as headings have been extracted from titles.
    Ex. These currents are better understood as intimations of postmodern populism.
    Ex. To me the writing on the wall was pretty clear when we had this same discussion on this list last year and never received any reassurances from ISI.
    Ex. The recent bookshop survey carried out to try to discover how book sales are being lost was the first real glimmer indicating a change of thought from the provider to the user.
    ----
    * dar indicios de = show + signs of.
    * dar indicios y pistas = drop + hints and clues.
    * existir indicios de = there + be + signs of.
    * existir indicios de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * indicios = stirrings.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.
    * obtener indicios sobre = get + an indication of.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (señal, huella) sign, indication
    b) ( vestigio) trace, sign
    2) (Der) piece of circumstantial evidence
    * * *
    = clue, cue, hint, indication, sign, straws in the wind, tell-tale indication, tell-tale sign, intimation, the writing on the wall, glimmer.

    Ex: Certainly it will always be necessary to examine the document content, concentrating particularly on the clues offered by the title, the contents page, chapter headings, and any abstracts, introduction, prefaces or other preliminary matter.

    Ex: The computer is programmed to recognise cues such as prepositions and punctuation.
    Ex: Her first hint that all was not well was with the sudden appearance of Consuelo Feng, head of the cataloging division.
    Ex: Clearly, the only totally adequate indication of the content of a document is the text of the document in its entirety.
    Ex: The tell-tale signs that mark a KWOC index include in a KWOC index all of the words that appear as headings have been extracted from titles.
    Ex: Recently, however, there have been a number of straws in the wind.
    Ex: As Feng swept by with an almost inaudible 'Good morning, Jeanne' escaping from her lips, Leforte thought she detected the tell-tale indications of crying on her face -- the red, swollen eyes, the puffiness.
    Ex: The tell-tale signs that mark a KWOC index include in a KWOC index all of the words that appear as headings have been extracted from titles.
    Ex: These currents are better understood as intimations of postmodern populism.
    Ex: To me the writing on the wall was pretty clear when we had this same discussion on this list last year and never received any reassurances from ISI.
    Ex: The recent bookshop survey carried out to try to discover how book sales are being lost was the first real glimmer indicating a change of thought from the provider to the user.
    * dar indicios de = show + signs of.
    * dar indicios y pistas = drop + hints and clues.
    * existir indicios de = there + be + signs of.
    * existir indicios de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * indicios = stirrings.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.
    * obtener indicios sobre = get + an indication of.

    * * *
    A (señal, huella) sign, indication
    al menor indicio de peligro at the slightest sign o indication o hint of danger
    no hay indicios de vida en la zona there are no signs of life in the area
    el análisis revela indicios de potasio the analysis shows traces of potassium
    B ( Der) piece of circumstantial evidence
    * * *

    indicio sustantivo masculino
    a) (señal, huella) sign, indication



    indicio sustantivo masculino
    1 (señal) indication, sign, trace [de, of]
    2 Jur (prueba) evidence sing: no encontraron indicios, they found no evidence
    ' indicio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pista
    - señal
    - síntoma
    - manifestación
    English:
    clue
    - evidence
    - gauge
    - hint
    - indication
    - inkling
    - sign
    - suggestion
    - indicate
    - indicative
    - intimation
    - trace
    * * *
    1. [señal] sign;
    [pista] clue;
    hay indicios de violencia there are signs of violence;
    la propuesta es un indicio de su voluntad de negociar the proposal is a sign of their willingness to negotiate
    2. [cantidad pequeña] trace;
    se encontraron indicios de veneno en su cuerpo traces of poison were found in her body
    * * *
    m indication, sign; ( vestigio) trace
    * * *
    : indication, sign
    * * *
    indicio n sign / indication

    Spanish-English dictionary > indicio

  • 107 existir

    v.
    1 to exist (ser real).
    los gnomos no existen gnomes don't exist
    Yo existo I am.
    2 to exist.
    existe el riesgo de… there is the risk that…
    existe mucha pobreza there is a lot of poverty
    3 to exist.
    mientras yo exista no tienes que preocuparte you don't have to worry while I'm still here
    4 to be, to have a being.
    * * *
    1 to exist, be
    \
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VI
    1) (=ser) to exist
    2) (=vivir) to live

    dejar de existir — euf to pass away euf

    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en 3a pers) ( haber)
    b) ( ser) to exist

    pienso, luego existo — I think, therefore I am

    c) ( vivir) to live

    dejó de existir — (period) he passed away (euph)

    * * *
    = be, be available, be forthcoming, come in, exist, there + be, be in place, be in existence, be around.
    Ex. Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.
    Ex. This emphasis upon 'the work' reflects the packaging of text, information, music, graphics, and so on, and indicates to the subsequent user what packages are available for use or consultation.
    Ex. Until additional funds are forthcoming, it is most helpful to 'push' such a plan.
    Ex. Such records come in a variety of physical forms.
    Ex. Difficulties may arise where equivalent terms do not exist in all of the languages of the thesaurus.
    Ex. There are a relatively large number of documents under each heading.
    Ex. Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.
    Ex. Libraries have been in existence for a long time in many countries and so should have become an integral part of the culture.
    Ex. The author suggests that the book will be around for generations to come simply because it costs less.
    ----
    * coexistir = coexist [co-exist].
    * debería existir = there + ought to be.
    * dejar de existir = be no more.
    * existir razones para = there + be + ground(s) for.
    * existir constancia de = anecdotal record, anecdotal evidence.
    * existir de antemano = pre-exist [preexist].
    * existir de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * existir independientemente de = stand + independent of.
    * existir indicios de = there + be + signs of.
    * existir indicios de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * existir la posibilidad de = there + be + scope for.
    * existir la posibilidad de que = there + be + room for.
    * existir la tendencia a = there + be + a tendency (to/for).
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * existir una demanda de = there + be + call for.
    * existir una necesidad de = there + be + call for.
    * no existir = be out of the picture.
    * no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as.
    * no existir límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en 3a pers) ( haber)
    b) ( ser) to exist

    pienso, luego existo — I think, therefore I am

    c) ( vivir) to live

    dejó de existir — (period) he passed away (euph)

    * * *
    = be, be available, be forthcoming, come in, exist, there + be, be in place, be in existence, be around.

    Ex: Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.

    Ex: This emphasis upon 'the work' reflects the packaging of text, information, music, graphics, and so on, and indicates to the subsequent user what packages are available for use or consultation.
    Ex: Until additional funds are forthcoming, it is most helpful to 'push' such a plan.
    Ex: Such records come in a variety of physical forms.
    Ex: Difficulties may arise where equivalent terms do not exist in all of the languages of the thesaurus.
    Ex: There are a relatively large number of documents under each heading.
    Ex: Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.
    Ex: Libraries have been in existence for a long time in many countries and so should have become an integral part of the culture.
    Ex: The author suggests that the book will be around for generations to come simply because it costs less.
    * coexistir = coexist [co-exist].
    * debería existir = there + ought to be.
    * dejar de existir = be no more.
    * existir razones para = there + be + ground(s) for.
    * existir constancia de = anecdotal record, anecdotal evidence.
    * existir de antemano = pre-exist [preexist].
    * existir de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * existir independientemente de = stand + independent of.
    * existir indicios de = there + be + signs of.
    * existir indicios de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * existir la posibilidad de = there + be + scope for.
    * existir la posibilidad de que = there + be + room for.
    * existir la tendencia a = there + be + a tendency (to/for).
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.
    * existir una demanda de = there + be + call for.
    * existir una necesidad de = there + be + call for.
    * no existir = be out of the picture.
    * no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as.
    * no existir límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.

    * * *
    existir [I1 ]
    vi
    (haber): siempre ha existido rivalidad entre ellos there has always been rivalry between them
    existen pruebas que demuestran su inocencia there is evidence to prove his innocence, evidence exists which proves his innocence
    2 (ser) to exist
    no existen los fantasmas there's no such thing as ghosts, ghosts do not exist
    pienso, luego existo I think, therefore I am
    ya no existe it doesn't exist anymore
    3 (vivir) to live
    mientras yo exista, no te faltará nada as long as I'm alive o while I live, you'll want for nothing
    dejó de existir ( period); he died, he passed away ( euph)
    * * *

     

    existir ( conjugate existir) verbo intransitivo
    a) (en 3a pers) ( haber):


    no existen pruebas there is no evidence
    b) ( ser) to exist;


    existir verbo intransitivo to exist, be (in existence): no existe ninguna duda, there's no doubt
    ' existir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    caber
    - ser
    - estar
    - haber
    - abundar
    - existencia
    English:
    be
    - exist
    - live
    - more
    * * *
    1. [ser real] to exist;
    los gnomos no existen gnomes don't exist;
    aquel año dejó de existir la Unión Soviética that year the Soviet Union ceased to exist;
    pienso, luego existo I think, therefore I am
    2. [haber] to exist;
    existen zonas sin explorar there are some unexplored areas;
    existe el riesgo de… there is the risk that…
    3. [vivir]
    mientras yo exista no tienes que preocuparte you don't have to worry while I'm still here;
    Euf
    dejar de existir to pass away o on
    * * *
    v/i exist;
    existen muchos problemas there are a lot of problems
    * * *
    : to exist
    * * *
    1. (en general) to exist
    2. (haber) to be

    Spanish-English dictionary > existir

  • 108 данные

    (= сведения, информация) data (сущ. мн. числа), information (for or about), facts, statistics, findings, facts, results, evidence
    • В таблице 1 мы сводим воедино данные относительно... - In Table l we summarize the data for...
    • Все эти данные приводили к очевидному требованию, что... - All this evidence led to a clear requirement that...
    • Дальнейшие экспериментальные данные получаются из... - Further experimental evidence is derived from...
    • Значительное количество данных предсказывает, что... - A considerable body of data suggests that...
    • К сожалению, о... имеется мало количественных данных. - Unfortunately, little quantitative data are available on...
    • Можно привести существенные данные в поддержку гипотезы, что... - A strong case can be made for the hypothesis that...
    • Например, имеются данные, что... - There is evidence, for example, that...
    • Нет никаких данных относительно возможности... - There is no evidence that it is possible to...
    • Огромное количество технических данных предоставляется... - A vast amount of technical data is supplied by...
    • Однако существующие экспериментальные данные указывают, что... - Present experimental evidence indicates, however, that...
    • Подобные предложения не подкрепляются фактическими данными. - Such proposals are not supported by factual evidence.
    • Поскольку достоверные данные о существовании противоположного (этому) отсутствуют, мы предполагаем, что... - In the absence of strong evidence to the contrary we assume that...
    • Прекрасное совпадение с экспериментальными данными обычно может быть получено (способом). - An excellent fit to experimental data can usually be obtained by...
    • Существует множество экспериментальных данных, показывающих, что... - There is an abundance of experimental evidence to show that...
    • Теперь мы приведем некоторые экспериментальные данные относительно... - We shall now give some experimental data concerning...
    • Экспериментальные данные отсутствуют. - No experimental values are available.
    • Экспериментальные данные подтверждают это предположение. - Experimental results verify this prediction.
    • Экспериментальные данные существенно поддерживают эти заключения. - Experimental evidence strongly supports these conclusions.
    • Эти данные будут использованы в следующей главе. - This information will be put into use in the next chapter.
    • Эти данные имели важные последствия для... - These findings have important implications for...
    • Эти данные подтверждаются наблюдениями Смита [1]. - These findings are supported by the observations of Smith [1].

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > данные

  • 109 иметься

    (см. также иметь) be, exist, have, be present, be available
    • Здесь у нас имеется другой пример... - We have here another example of...
    • Имеется все больше указаний на то, что... - There is increasing evidence that...
    • Имеется мало указаний на то, что... - There is little evidence that...
    • Имеется множество различных вариантов. - Many different variants/modifications/approaches are possible.
    • Имеется основание считать, что... - There is reason to believe that...
    • Имеется свидетельство, что... - There is evidence that...
    • Имеются все основания полагать, что... - We can safely assume that...; We have every reason to believe that...
    • Имеются все признаки того, что... - There is ample evidence that...
    • Имеются многочисленные указания на то, что... - There is abundant evidence that...
    • Имеются некоторые другие условия, которые заслуживают упоминания. - There are some other terms that require mention.
    • Имеются основания ожидать (полагать)... - It is reasonable to expect (to believe that)...; There are grounds to assume that...
    • Имеются случаи, когда... - There are cases when...
    • Имеются случаи, когда молено (показать и т. п.)... - There are cases when it is possible to...
    • Имеются четыре возможных комбинации... - There are four possible combinations of...
    • Имеются экспериментальные данные о том, что... - There is experimental evidence that...
    • К счастью, имеется один простой и пригодный для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.
    • Краткое описание... имеется в... - A brief account of... is given in...
    • Между... и... имеется очевидная аналогия. - There is an obvious analogy between... and...
    • Например, имеются данные, что... - There is evidence, for example, that...
    • Независимо от того, сколько у нас имеется..., мы (все равно) можем выбрать... - No matter how many... we are given, we can choose...
    • Обычно имеется возможность выбрать... - It is usually possible to choose...
    • Однако имеется другой способ продвижения вперед, который дает... - There is another way to proceed, however, which gives...
    • Однако имеется один интересный случай, когда... - There is, however, one interesting case in which...
    • Однако имеются (некоторые) недостатки в том, что... - However, there are disadvantages in...
    • Однако имеются два предельных случая, когда... - There are, however, two limiting cases in which...
    • Однако имеются некоторые специальные случаи, когда... - There are, however, some special cases in which...
    • Следовательно, у нас имеются хорошие основания для того, чтобы заявить, что... - Thus, we have good grounds for saying that...
    • Так как не имеется подходящей (= доступной) техники для... - Since there is no available technique for...
    • Также имеется свидетельство того, что... - There is also evidence that...
    • Таким образом, имеется близкая аналогия между... и.... - There is thus a close analogy between... and....
    • Теперь у нас имеется достаточно информации для того, чтобы... - We now have enough information to...
    • Теперь у нас имеется полное решение для... - We now have a complete solution for...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > иметься

  • 110 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 111 testimoniare

    1. v/i testify, give evidence
    2. v/t fig testify to
    law testimoniare il falso commit perjury
    * * *
    testimoniare v.tr. to testify (to) (sthg.): testimoniò che l'automobile veniva da sinistra, he testified that the car was coming from the left; testimoniare il falso, to give false testimony; questo testimonia la mia buona volontà, this testifies to (o is evidence of) my good will; lacrime che testimoniavano il suo dolore, tears that testified (to) her grief
    ◆ v. intr. to testify, to bear* witness: testimoniò della mia onestà, he bore witness to my honesty; testimoniare in favore di, contro qlcu., to testify for, against s.o.
    * * *
    [testimo'njare]
    1. vt

    testimoniare che... — to testify that..., give evidence that...

    testimoniare il falso — to perjure o.s.

    testimoniare a favore di/contro qn — to testify for/against sb, give evidence for/against sb

    2. vi
    (aus avere) to testify, give evidence
    * * *
    [testimo'njare] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) dir. to testify ( che that), to bear* witness ( che to the fact that)

    testimoniare il falso — to give false testimony, to bear false witness

    2) (provare) to witness, to attest (to), to testify (to), to vouch for
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere) dir. to give* evidence, to give* testimony, to testify (a favore di qcn. for sb.; contro qcn. against sb.)
    * * *
    testimoniare
    /testimo'njare/ [1]
     1 dir. to testify ( che that), to bear* witness ( che to the fact that); testimoniare il falso to give false testimony, to bear false witness
     2 (provare) to witness, to attest (to), to testify (to), to vouch for
     (aus. avere) dir. to give* evidence, to give* testimony, to testify (a favore di qcn. for sb.; contro qcn. against sb.).

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > testimoniare

  • 112 Lee, Revd William

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    d. c. 1615
    [br]
    English inventor of the first knitting machine, called the stocking frame.
    [br]
    It would seem that most of the stories about Lee's invention of the stocking frame cannot be verified by any contemporary evidence, and the first written accounts do not appear until the second half of the seventeenth century. The claim that he was Master of Arts from St John's College, Cambridge, was first made in 1607 but cannot be checked because the records have not survived. The date for the invention of the knitting machine as being 1589 was made at the same time, but again there is no supporting evidence. There is no evidence that Lee was Vicar of Calverton, nor that he was in Holy Orders at all. Likewise there is no evidence for the existence of the woman, whether she was girlfriend, fiancée or wife, who is said to have inspired the invention, and claims regarding the involvement of Queen Elizabeth I and her refusal to grant a patent because the stockings were wool and not silk are also without contemporary foundation. Yet the first known reference shows that Lee was the inventor of the knitting machine, for the partnership agreement between him and George Brooke dated 6 June 1600 states that "William Lee hath invented a very speedy manner of making works usually wrought by knitting needles as stockings, waistcoats and such like". This agreement was to last for twenty-two years, but terminated prematurely when Brooke was executed for high treason in 1603. Lee continued to try and exploit his invention, for in 1605 he described himself as "Master of Arts" when he petitioned the Court of Aldermen of the City of London as the first inventor of an engine to make silk stockings. In 1609 the Weavers' Company of London recorded Lee as "a weaver of silk stockings by engine". These petitions suggest that he was having difficulty in establishing his invention, which may be why in 1612 there is a record of him in Rouen, France, where he hoped to have better fortune. If he had been invited there by Henry IV, his hopes were dashed by the assassination of the king soon afterwards. He was to supply four knitting machines, and there is further evidence that he was in France in 1615, but it is thought that he died in that country soon afterwards.
    The machine Lee invented was probably the most complex of its day, partly because the need to use silk meant that the needles were very fine. Henson (1970) in 1831 took five pages in his book to describe knitting on a stocking frame which had over 2,066 pieces. To knit a row of stitches took eleven separate stages, and great care and watchfulness were required to ensure that all the loops were equal and regular. This shows how complex the machines were and points to Lee's great achievement in actually making one. The basic principles of its operation remained unaltered throughout its extraordinarily long life, and a few still remained in use commercially in the early 1990s.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.T.Millington and S.D.Chapman (eds), 1989, Four Centuries of Machine Knitting, Commemorating William Lee's Invention of the Stocking Frame in 1589, Leicester (N.Harte examines the surviving evidence for the life of William Lee and this must be considered as the most up-to-date biographical information).
    Dictionary of National Biography (this contains only the old stories).
    Earlier important books covering Lee's life and invention are G.Henson, 1970, History of the Framework Knitters, reprint, Newton Abbot (orig. pub. 1831); and W.Felkin, 1967, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufactures, reprint, Newton Abbot (orig. pub. 1867).
    M.Palmer, 1984, Framework Knitting, Aylesbury (a simple account of the mechanism of the stocking frame).
    R.L.Hills, "William Lee and his knitting machine", Journal of the Textile Institute 80(2) (a more detailed account).
    M.Grass and A.Grass, 1967, Stockings for a Queen. The Life of William Lee, the Elizabethan Inventor, London.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Lee, Revd William

  • 113 доказательство

    proof (of), demonstration (of), argument, evidence (for)
    •Альтернативное доказательство может быть получено (путем, на пути)... - An alternate proof may be obtained by...
    • Альтернативное доказательство оставлено в качестве упражнения 1.3. - An alternative proof is left to Exercise 1.3.
    • Безо всяких доказательств мы просто утверждаем, что... - Without going into any proofs, we simply state that...
    • Более простое прямое доказательство было дано Смитом [1]. Мы следуем его методу. - A simpler direct proof was given by Smith [1], whose method we follow here.
    • В качестве упражнения мы оставляем читателю доказательство, что... - It is left as an exercise for the reader to show that...
    • Вдобавок, это доказательство можно слегка упростить... - Incidentally, this proof can be made somewhat simpler by...
    • Дадим формальное доказательство (этого). - The formal proof is as follows.
    • Данное доказательство использует метод математической индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.
    • Данное доказательство существенно основывается на нашем предположении, что... - The proof rests fundamentally on our assumption that...
    • Для доказательства второго утверждения (теоремы) мы выписываем... - То prove part (ii), we write...
    • Для нашего доказательства удобно использовать... - For our proof it is convenient to use...
    • Доказательство (теоремы) довольно длинное, поэтому мы разобьем его на несколько шагов. - The proof is rather long, so we shall break it up into several steps.
    • Доказательство (этого факта, этой теоремы и т. п.) простое, и потому мы оставляем его читателю. - The proof is simple; we leave it to the reader.
    • Доказательство леммы закончено (= завершено). - The proof of the lemma is finished; This proves the lemma.
    • Доказательство не закончено до тех пор, пока мы не... - The proof is not complete until we...
    • Доказательство обратного утверждения уже было проведено. - The proof of the converse has already been given.
    • Доказательство проводится методом индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.
    • Доказательство проводится от противного. - The argument is by reductio ad absurdum.
    • Доказательство следует почти немедленно из определения... - The proof is almost immediate from the definition of...
    • Доказательство становится неверным, если... - The proof breaks down if...
    • Доказательство теоремы завершено. - This completes the proof; The theorem is proved; QED
    • Доказательство этого легкое (= несложное). - The proof is easy.
    • Доказательство этого факта подобно доказательству теоремы 2. - This proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.
    • Другое доказательство намечено в упражнении 2. - An alternative proof is outlined in Exercise 2.
    • Его доказательство является достаточно элементарным. - The proof is quite elementary.
    • Затем мы переключаем наше внимание на доказательство того, что... - We turn our attention next to proving that...
    • Затем нам нужно будет одно особое доказательство, чтобы продемонстрировать, что... - We will then need a special argument to show that...
    • Здесь мы уже подошли к чисто геометрическому доказательству... - Here we have arrived at a purely geometrical proof of...
    • Имеются все доказательства того, что... - There is every indication that...
    • Метод доказательства аналогичен методу, использованному Бляшке [3]. - The proof method is analogous to the method used by Blashke [3].
    • Мы можем дать простое доказательство этой теоремы следующим образом. - We can give a simple proof of this theorem as follows.
    • Мы накопили ряд убедительных доказательств того, что... - We have amassed a convincing body of evidence that...
    • Мы начинаем доказательство с... - We begin the proof by...
    • Мы начинаем с доказательства двух лемм. - We begin by proving two lemmas.
    • Мы опускаем весьма громоздкое доказательство данной теоремы. - We omit the rather lengthy proof of this theorem.
    • Мы опустим доказательство этого утверждения. - We will omit the proof of this statement.
    • Мы оставляем читателю доказательство противоположного утверждения. - We leave the converse proof to the reader.
    • Мы оставляем читателю дополнить детали (доказательства). - The details are left to the reader,
    • Мы примем этот важный факт без доказательства. - We shall accept this important fact without proof.
    • Мы рассуждаем так же, как при доказательстве теоремы 1. (= Мы полностью повторяем рассуждения из доказательства теоремы 1. ) - We argue exactly as in the proof of Theorem 1.
    • Наш первый шаг состоит в доказательстве, что... - Our first task is to prove...
    • Наше доказательство, в основном, повторяет доказательство леммы 2 из [1]. - Our proof follows along the lines of Lemma 2 of [1].
    • Небольшое изменение этого доказательства показывает, что... - A minor modification of the proof shows that...
    • Нет никаких экспериментальных доказательств, показывающих, что... - There is no experimental evidence to indicate that...
    • Однако (его/ее) доказательство не является настолько простым, как можно было бы подумать (= вообразить). - The proof, however, is not as easy as one might think.
    • Однако доказательство данной гипотезы сложное, потому что... - However, proof of this hypothesis is difficult because...
    • Однако имеется огромное множество доказательств (= свидетельств) того, что... - But there is a great deal of evidence that...
    (= предоставляется) читателю. - The remainder of the proof is left to the reader.
    • Остальная часть доказательства проводится уже более или менее просто. - The rest of the proof is now more or less straightforward.
    • В работе Смита [1] приведено доказательство при менее ограничительных условиях. - For a proof under less restrictive conditions, see Smith [1].
    • Перед тем как мы сможем завершить доказательство, мы должны... - Before we can complete the proof, we must...
    • Полученное противоречие завершает доказательство. - This contradiction completes the proof.
    • Предшествующее доказательство принадлежит лорду Рэлею [1]. - The foregoing proof is due to Lord Rayleigh [1].
    • Приведем более полное доказательство, данное Гильбертом [2]. - A fuller proof, given by Hilbert [2], is as follows.
    • Простейшее доказательство базируется на идее, что... - The simplest proof rests on the concept of...
    • Простое и прямое доказательство может быть получено... - A simple and direct proof can be obtained by...
    • Разобьем доказательство на два шага (= две части). - We shall divide the proof into two steps.
    • С целью экономии места мы опускаем доказательство... - We omit the proof in order to save space; For reasons of space we omit the proof of...
    • Сейчас имеется огромное количество доказательств того, что... - There is now overwhelming evidence that...
    • Следующее доказательство является небольшой модификацией доказательства, данного Смитом [1]. - The following proof is a slight modification of that given by Smith [1].
    • Смит [1] дал общее доказательство того, что... - Smith [1] has given a general proof that...
    • Сформулируем без доказательства следующую теорему относительно... - We state without proof the following theorem concerning...
    • Теперь займемся доказательством этой теоремы. - We now come to the proof of the theorem.
    • Теперь мы приведем пропущенные детали доказательства. - We now proceed to fill in the details; We shall now fill in the details.
    • Убедительное доказательство этого утверждения предоставлено Смитом [1]. - Convincing proof of this statement is furnished by Smith [1].
    • Центральной частью доказательства является то, что... - The crux of the proof is that...
    • Чтобы завершить доказательство, мы... - In order to finish the proof, we...; Finally, we...
    • Чтобы завершить доказательство, мы выпишем... - For the remainder of the proof we write...
    • Чтобы завершить доказательство, нам остается показать, что... - То complete the proof, we need to demonstrate that...
    • Чтобы закончить доказательство, мы... - In order to complete the proof, we...
    • Элегантное доказательство, которое мы здесь приводим, в основном принадлежит Гильберту. - The elegant proof we give is essentially due to Hilbert.
    • Это доказательство легко изменить для того, чтобы показать, что... - The proof is easily adapted to show that...
    • Это доказательство основывается на факте, что... - The proof is based on the fact that...
    • Это доказательство почти идентично доказательству последней теоремы. - The proof is almost identical with that of the last theorem.
    • Это доказательство слишком сложное, чтобы приводить его здесь. - The proof is too complicated to give here.
    • Это приводит к противоречию, и следовательно, доказательство закончено. - This gives a contradiction, and the proof is complete.
    • Этот метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.
    • Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...
    • Этот факт был отмечен без доказательства в главе 4. - This fact was noted without proof in Chapter 4.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > доказательство

  • 114 beweisen

    (unreg.)
    I v/t
    1. (nachweisen) auch MATH. prove, back up; (Ausdruck sein) be evidence of; jemandem etw. beweisen prove s.th. to s.o.; etw. durch Zeugen / Dokumente beweisen prove s.th. with witnesses / documents; die Richtigkeit einer Behauptung / Aussage beweisen prove the accuracy of ( oder back up) a claim / statement; beweisen, dass man Recht hat prove o.s. right; das beweist, dass du Recht hast that proves you right; man konnte ihm seine Schuld nicht beweisen they couldn’t prove that he was guilty, they couldn’t prove his guilt; das lässt sich ( nicht mehr) beweisen that can’t be proved (any more); das beweist zur Genüge, dass... it’s ample proof ( oder evidence) that, it proves beyond doubt that...; es ist eine bewiesene Tatsache, dass... it’s a proven fact that...; das beweist noch gar nichts that doesn’t prove a thing; das musst du mir erst ( einmal) beweisen! I’d like to see you prove it; was zu beweisen war bes. MATH., Schlussformel bei Beweis: QED (quod erat demonstrandum)
    2. (zeigen) show; (an den Tag legen) auch display; sie hat großen Mut bewiesen she displayed great courage
    II v/refl prove o.s. / itself
    * * *
    to prove; to show; to evidence; to demonstrate
    * * *
    be|wei|sen ptp bewiesen irreg [bə'viːzn]
    1. vt
    1) (= nachweisen) to prove

    was zu bewéísen war — QED, quod erat demonstrandum

    was noch zu bewéísen wäre — that remains to be seen

    2) (= erkennen lassen, dated: = erweisen) to show
    2. vr
    to prove oneself/itself
    * * *
    1) (to show clearly: This demonstrates his ignorance of the situation.) demonstrate
    2) (to show to be true or correct: This fact proves his guilt; He was proved guilty; Can you prove your theory?) prove
    * * *
    be·wei·sen *
    I. vt
    ▪ [jdm] etw \beweisen to prove sth [to sb]
    der Angeklagte ist unschuldig, bis das Gegenteil bewiesen wird the defendant [or accused] is innocent until proven guilty
    was zu \beweisen war which was [the thing] to be proved, quod erat demonstrandum
    was [noch] zu \beweisen wäre which remains to be proved
    ▪ etw \beweisen to display [or show] sth
    ▪ \beweisen, dass/wie... to show that/how...
    3. MATH
    ▪ etw \beweisen to demonstrate sth
    II. vr (sich zeigen)
    ▪ sich akk \beweisen to show [itself]
    es beweist sich wieder einmal... this shows once again... [or is further proof...]
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    2) (zeigen) show
    2.
    unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb prove oneself or one's worth (vor + Dat. to)
    * * *
    beweisen (irr)
    A. v/t
    1. (nachweisen) auch MATH prove, back up; (Ausdruck sein) be evidence of;
    jemandem etwas beweisen prove sth to sb;
    etwas durch Zeugen/Dokumente beweisen prove sth with witnesses/documents;
    die Richtigkeit einer Behauptung/Aussage beweisen prove the accuracy of ( oder back up) a claim/statement;
    beweisen, dass man Recht hat prove o.s. right;
    das beweist, dass du Recht hast that proves you right;
    man konnte ihm seine Schuld nicht beweisen they couldn’t prove that he was guilty, they couldn’t prove his guilt;
    das lässt sich (nicht mehr) beweisen that can’t be proved (any more);
    das beweist zur Genüge, dass … it’s ample proof ( oder evidence) that, it proves beyond doubt that …;
    es ist eine bewiesene Tatsache, dass … it’s a proven fact that …;
    das beweist noch gar nichts that doesn’t prove a thing;
    das musst du mir erst (einmal) beweisen! I’d like to see you prove it;
    was zu beweisen war besonders MATH, Schlussformel bei Beweis: QED (quod erat demonstrandum)
    2. (zeigen) show; (an den Tag legen) auch display;
    sie hat großen Mut bewiesen she displayed great courage
    B. v/r prove o.s./itself
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    2) (zeigen) show
    2.
    unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb prove oneself or one's worth (vor + Dat. to)
    * * *
    v.
    to demonstrate v.
    to manifest v.
    to prove v.
    to substantiate v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > beweisen

  • 115 testificar

    v.
    1 to testify, to give evidence (law).
    2 to attest, to attest to, to certify, to declare.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 to testify
    * * *
    1.
    VT (=atestiguar) to attest; [en juicio] to testify to, give evidence of
    2.
    VI [en juicio] to testify, give evidence

    testificar de — (=atestiguar) to attest; (=dar testimonio) to testify to, give evidence of

    * * *
    = attest.
    Ex. The latter statement undervalues long-established interests of SLIS in the field of information and ignores frequently attested movement of SLIS personnel into non-library information posts.
    ----
    * testificar bajo juramento = testify + under oath.
    * * *

    Ex: The latter statement undervalues long-established interests of SLIS in the field of information and ignores frequently attested movement of SLIS personnel into non-library information posts.

    * testificar bajo juramento = testify + under oath.

    * * *
    testificar [A2 ]
    vt
    ( Der)
    1 (ser prueba de) to testify
    2 (declarar) to attest, declare
    ■ testificar
    vi
    «testigo» to testify, give evidence
    testificar a favor/en contra de algn to testify o give evidence for/against sb
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    testificar    
    testificar algo
    testificar ( conjugate testificar) verbo transitivo/intransitivo
    to testify, give evidence
    testificar
    I verbo transitivo to testify
    II verbo intransitivo yo testificaré en contra de él, I'll testify against him
    ' testificar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    testify
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [dar testimonio de]
    testificar que… to testify that…
    2. [probar, indicar] to testify to, to bear witness to;
    sus acciones testifican su ignorancia her actions testify to o bear witness to her ignorance
    ♦ vi
    to testify, to give evidence;
    testificar a favor/en contra de alguien to testify in favour of/against sb
    * * *
    I v/t ( probar, mostrar) be proof of;
    testificar que JUR testify that, give evidence that
    II v/i testify, give evidence
    * * *
    testificar {72} v
    : to testify

    Spanish-English dictionary > testificar

  • 116 указание

    indication, instruction, designation, reference, direction, hint, instruction
    • Есть указания на... - There is some evidence for...
    • Есть указания на то, что... - Evidence indicates...; There is evidence that...
    • Имеется все больше указаний на то, что... - There is increasing evidence that...
    • Имеется мало указаний на то, что... - There is little evidence that...
    • Имеются многочисленные указания на то, что... - There is abundant evidence that...
    • Это интерпретируется как указание, что... - This is interpreted as an indication that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > указание

  • 117 claro

    adj.
    1 obvious, apparent, clear, crisp.
    2 clear, bright, clear-cut, articulate.
    3 definite, distinct.
    intj.
    sure, sure enough, of course.
    m.
    1 clearing, glade, clear space, clear.
    2 gap.
    3 Claro.
    * * *
    1 (gen) clear
    2 (iluminado) bright, well-lit
    3 (color) light
    4 (salsa etc) thin; (café, chocolate, etc) weak
    5 (evidente) clear
    1 clearly
    1 (gen) gap, space; (de bosque) clearing
    2 (en el pelo) bald patch
    ► interjección ¡claro!
    1 of course!
    ■ ¡claro que no puedes! of course you can't!
    \
    a las claras openly
    dejar algo claro to make something clear
    estar claro to be clear
    ¡lo llevas claro! / ¡lo tienes claro! familiar you've got it coming to you!
    más claro,-a que el agua familiar as clear as daylight
    poner en claro to make plain, clear up
    sacar en claro to get out
    claro de luna moonlight
    mente clara figurado clear mind
    ————————
    1 (gen) gap, space; (de bosque) clearing
    2 (en el pelo) bald patch
    * * *
    1. (f. - clara)
    adj.
    4) fair, light
    5) weak, thin
    2. adv.
    2) sure
    3. noun m.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=no oscuro) [piel] fair; [color] light, pale

    un vestido verde claro — a light o pale green dress

    2) (=evidente)
    a) [con sustantivos] [ejemplo, prueba, ventaja] clear; [inconveniente] obvious; [desastre] total, absolute

    España ganó por un claro 15-6 — Spain won a decisive 15-6 victory, Spain were clear winners by 15-6

    ... aseguró, en clara referencia a sus superiores —... he asserted, clearly referring o in an obvious reference to his superiors

    b) [con verbos]

    • dejar algo claro — to make sth clear

    dejar las cosas claras o en claro — to get things clear, get things straight *

    • estar claro — to be clear

    ¿está claro? — is that clear?

    estar claro que — to be clear that, be obvious that

    está claro que así no vamos a ninguna parte — it's clear o obvious that we'll get nowhere like this

    • quedar claro — to be clear

    si te lees la bibliografía, te quedará todo más claro — if you read the books on the reading list, it'll all be clearer to you o you'll have a better idea of things

    • tener algo claro — to be sure of sth, be clear about sth

    ni siquiera tengo claro lo que me espera mañana — I'm not even sure o clear what's in store for me tomorrow

    no lo tengo nada claro — I'm not at all sure, I don't really know

    c)

    a las claras —

    las cuentas claras —

    llevarlo Esp o tenerlo claro iró —

    sacar algo en claro (de algo) —

    solo hemos sacado en claro que no pretende dimitir — all that we can safely o definitely say is that he has no intention of resigning

    lo único que la policía consiguió sacar en claro durante el interrogatorio — the only definite thing the police got from the interview

    ver algo claro —

    3) (=poco espeso) [té, café] weak; [caldo] thin
    4) (=luminoso) [día, mañana] bright; [habitación, casa] light, bright
    5) (=transparente) [agua] clear; [tejido] transparent
    6) (=nítido) [sonido, voz] clear; [imagen] sharp, clear
    7) (=escaso) [pelo] thin; [bosque] light, sparse
    8) (=preciso) [idea] clear

    una mente clara — (lit) a clear mind; (fig) a clear thinker

    9) (=sincero) frank
    2. ADV
    1) (=con precisión) [oír, ver, hablar] clearly
    2) (=sinceramente) frankly

    • hablar claro — to speak frankly, be frank

    3) [tras invitaciones, peticiones] sure

    -¿puedo usar tu coche mañana? -¡claro! — "can I use your car tomorrow?" - "sure!"

    -¿queréis venir a cenar? -¡claro! — "would you like to come to dinner?" - "sure!"

    4) [uso enfático]

    ¡claro! por eso estaba ayer tan rara — of course! that's why she was acting so funny yesterday

    a menos que, claro está, él también la conozca — unless of course he knows her too

    -¿por qué no te disfrazas tú? -¡claro, para que os riáis de mí todos! — "why don't you dress up?" - "oh sure, so you can all laugh at me!"

    • claro que, claro que nadie se imaginaba lo que vendría después — of course nobody could imagine what would happen afterwards

    ¡claro que no! — of course not!

    ¡claro que sí! — yes, of course!

    3. SM
    1) (Meteo) bright spell, sunny interval
    2) [de tiempo] lull
    3) (=espacio despejado) [entre personas] space; [entre árboles] clearing; [de pelo] bald patch
    4) [en un texto] gap, space; [en discurso] pause
    5) (Arquit) (=claraboya) skylight; (=abertura) window (opening)
    6) Caribe (Culin) guava jelly
    7) Caribe (=bebida) sugar-cane brandy
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo
    1) ( luminoso) <cielo/habitación> bright
    2) ( pálido) <color/verde/azul> light, pale; < piel> fair

    tiene los ojos claros — she has blue/green/gray eyes

    3) <salsa/sopa> thin
    4) <agua/sonido> clear; <ideas/explicación/instrucciones> clear; <situación/postura> clear

    que quede bien claro que... — I want it to be quite clear that...

    ¿está claro? — is that clear?

    quiero dejar (en) claro que... — I want to make it very o quite clear that...

    a las claras: díselo a las claras tell her straight; llevarlo claro (Esp fam) to be in for a shock; sacar algo en claro de algo — to make sense of something

    5) ( evidente) clear, obvious

    está claro que... — it is clear o obvious that...

    a no ser, claro está, que esté mintiendo — unless, of course, he's lying

    II
    1) < ver> clearly

    voy a hablarte claro — I'm not going to beat around o about the bush

    me lo dijo muy claro — he made it very o quite clear (to me)

    claro que no! — no, of course not!

    claro que sí! — of course, absolutely!

    b) ( como enlace) mind you

    nadie le creyó, claro no es de extrañar — nobody believed him. Mind you, it's not surprising

    claro, así cualquiera puede — well, of course anyone can do it like that

    díselo - claro, para que me regañe ¿no? — (iró) tell him - oh sure, and have him tell me off, right? (iro)

    III
    1) ( en bosque) clearing; (en el pelo, la barba) bald patch
    2) (Meteo) sunny spell o period o interval
    * * *
    = apparent, clear [clearer -comp., clearest -sup.], clear-cut, crisp [crisper -comp., crispest -sup.], definite, distinct, light, neat [neater -comp., neatest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], straightforward, tidy, distinctive, designated, uncloudy, unclouded, unclouded, cloudless, forthright, uncompromising, unqualified, cut and dried [cut and dry], patent.
    Ex. Menu-based information retrieval system have found favour because of their apparent simplicity.
    Ex. In practice the distinction between one term and the next is not very clear.
    Ex. The hierarchical relationship is relatively clear-cut, and rather precise guideliness can be formulated to ensure that the BT/NT relationship is consistently applied.
    Ex. A crisp, even impression became the norm, along with the use of respectable paper and ink.
    Ex. I don't see that we are going to stand a chance unless there is something very definite coming out of this conference and similar conferences where these ideas are advanced.
    Ex. Against this proliferation of hosts there is a distinct awareness amongst users of the need for the rationalisation.
    Ex. To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex. To reiterate, there are two main categories of relationship: the syntactic relationships referred to in the last paragraph and plain, for example, in a topic such as 'sugar and health'.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. This was all very tidy, but who was to judge significance?.
    Ex. A patron may submit a beautifully legible request for a book with a distinctive author and title, accompanied by a reference to the journal article from which the citation was gleaned.
    Ex. It is tremendously valuable to library staff (particularly in libraries with a designated departmental structure) to maintain close professional ties with local academic departments.
    Ex. In that case, the peak of solar energy could be at an uncloudy moment in the morning or afternoon, even though the sun wasn't highest in the sky at that moment.
    Ex. As they grow up in those heady post-war years, in the blue unclouded weather of the late 1940s, these are the sisters you'll never forget.
    Ex. As they grow up in those heady post-war years, in the blue unclouded weather of the late 1940s, these are the sisters you'll never forget.
    Ex. This is the first cloudless image of the Earth from space.
    Ex. We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex. Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex. One of them snipped Ben Kline's life short, and Marla's determined to get to the root of a case that's anything but cut and dried.
    Ex. It was patent that they could not compete on equal terms with the economic and social forces of a complex civilization.
    ----
    * cantarlas claras = call + a spade a spade.
    * con una meta clara = focused [focussed].
    * con un objetivo claro = focused [focussed].
    * cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].
    * de forma clara = clearly.
    * dejar bien claro = make + it + crystal clear, make + Reflexivo + crystal clear.
    * dejar claro = make + it + clear, send + a clear signal that.
    * de manera clara = distinctly, clearly.
    * de modo claro = transparently.
    * en + Lengua + claro = in plain + Lengua.
    * en términos claros = in simple terms.
    * estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * nada claro = unclear, uncleared.
    * no dar una impresión clara = send + mixed signals.
    * no está claro todavía = the jury is still out (on).
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * pasta de clara de huevo = glair.
    * poco claro = fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive.
    * poner en claro = clear up.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * sin una meta clara = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * sin un objetivo claro = non-purposive, unfocused [unfocussed].
    * tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.
    * tener claro = be clear in your mind.
    * violeta claro = periwinkle.
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo
    1) ( luminoso) <cielo/habitación> bright
    2) ( pálido) <color/verde/azul> light, pale; < piel> fair

    tiene los ojos claros — she has blue/green/gray eyes

    3) <salsa/sopa> thin
    4) <agua/sonido> clear; <ideas/explicación/instrucciones> clear; <situación/postura> clear

    que quede bien claro que... — I want it to be quite clear that...

    ¿está claro? — is that clear?

    quiero dejar (en) claro que... — I want to make it very o quite clear that...

    a las claras: díselo a las claras tell her straight; llevarlo claro (Esp fam) to be in for a shock; sacar algo en claro de algo — to make sense of something

    5) ( evidente) clear, obvious

    está claro que... — it is clear o obvious that...

    a no ser, claro está, que esté mintiendo — unless, of course, he's lying

    II
    1) < ver> clearly

    voy a hablarte claro — I'm not going to beat around o about the bush

    me lo dijo muy claro — he made it very o quite clear (to me)

    claro que no! — no, of course not!

    claro que sí! — of course, absolutely!

    b) ( como enlace) mind you

    nadie le creyó, claro no es de extrañar — nobody believed him. Mind you, it's not surprising

    claro, así cualquiera puede — well, of course anyone can do it like that

    díselo - claro, para que me regañe ¿no? — (iró) tell him - oh sure, and have him tell me off, right? (iro)

    III
    1) ( en bosque) clearing; (en el pelo, la barba) bald patch
    2) (Meteo) sunny spell o period o interval
    * * *
    = apparent, clear [clearer -comp., clearest -sup.], clear-cut, crisp [crisper -comp., crispest -sup.], definite, distinct, light, neat [neater -comp., neatest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], straightforward, tidy, distinctive, designated, uncloudy, unclouded, unclouded, cloudless, forthright, uncompromising, unqualified, cut and dried [cut and dry], patent.

    Ex: Menu-based information retrieval system have found favour because of their apparent simplicity.

    Ex: In practice the distinction between one term and the next is not very clear.
    Ex: The hierarchical relationship is relatively clear-cut, and rather precise guideliness can be formulated to ensure that the BT/NT relationship is consistently applied.
    Ex: A crisp, even impression became the norm, along with the use of respectable paper and ink.
    Ex: I don't see that we are going to stand a chance unless there is something very definite coming out of this conference and similar conferences where these ideas are advanced.
    Ex: Against this proliferation of hosts there is a distinct awareness amongst users of the need for the rationalisation.
    Ex: To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex: To reiterate, there are two main categories of relationship: the syntactic relationships referred to in the last paragraph and plain, for example, in a topic such as 'sugar and health'.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: This was all very tidy, but who was to judge significance?.
    Ex: A patron may submit a beautifully legible request for a book with a distinctive author and title, accompanied by a reference to the journal article from which the citation was gleaned.
    Ex: It is tremendously valuable to library staff (particularly in libraries with a designated departmental structure) to maintain close professional ties with local academic departments.
    Ex: In that case, the peak of solar energy could be at an uncloudy moment in the morning or afternoon, even though the sun wasn't highest in the sky at that moment.
    Ex: As they grow up in those heady post-war years, in the blue unclouded weather of the late 1940s, these are the sisters you'll never forget.
    Ex: As they grow up in those heady post-war years, in the blue unclouded weather of the late 1940s, these are the sisters you'll never forget.
    Ex: This is the first cloudless image of the Earth from space.
    Ex: We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex: Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex: One of them snipped Ben Kline's life short, and Marla's determined to get to the root of a case that's anything but cut and dried.
    Ex: It was patent that they could not compete on equal terms with the economic and social forces of a complex civilization.
    * cantarlas claras = call + a spade a spade.
    * con una meta clara = focused [focussed].
    * con un objetivo claro = focused [focussed].
    * cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].
    * de forma clara = clearly.
    * dejar bien claro = make + it + crystal clear, make + Reflexivo + crystal clear.
    * dejar claro = make + it + clear, send + a clear signal that.
    * de manera clara = distinctly, clearly.
    * de modo claro = transparently.
    * en + Lengua + claro = in plain + Lengua.
    * en términos claros = in simple terms.
    * estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * nada claro = unclear, uncleared.
    * no dar una impresión clara = send + mixed signals.
    * no está claro todavía = the jury is still out (on).
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * pasta de clara de huevo = glair.
    * poco claro = fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive.
    * poner en claro = clear up.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * sin una meta clara = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * sin un objetivo claro = non-purposive, unfocused [unfocussed].
    * tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.
    * tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.
    * tener claro = be clear in your mind.
    * violeta claro = periwinkle.

    * * *
    claro1 -ra
    A (luminoso) ‹cielo› bright; ‹habitación› bright, light
    el día amaneció claro the day dawned bright and clear
    B (pálido) ‹color/verde/azul› light, pale; ‹piel› fair, white
    tiene los ojos claros she has blue/green/gray eyes
    el típico sueco rubio y de ojos claros the typical blue-eyed, blond Swede
    C ‹salsa/sopa› thin; ‹café/té› weak
    D ‹agua/sonido› clear
    habló con voz clara she spoke in a clear voice
    E ‹ideas/explicación/instrucciones› clear; ‹situación/postura› clear
    consiguieron una clara ventaja they gained a clear advantage
    tiene muy claro lo que quiere en la vida she is very clear o sure about what she wants out of life, she knows exactly what she wants out of life
    que quede bien claro que … I want it to be quite clear that …
    lo harás como yo te diga, ¿está claro? you'll do it the way I say, is that clear o do I make myself clear?
    quiero dejar (en) claro que … or que quede bien (en) claro que … I want to make it very o quite clear that …, let it be very o quite clear that …
    a las claras: no me lo dijo a las claras she didn't tell me in so many words o straight out o ( AmE) right off
    no seas cobarde y díselo a las claras don't be a coward, tell her straight
    llevarlo claro ( Esp fam) (estar equivocado) to be in for a shock o a disappointment; (enfrentarse a algo difícil) to have one's work cut out ( colloq)
    pasar la noche en claro to lie o be awake all night
    sacar algo en claro de algo to make sense of sth
    ¿tú sacaste algo en claro de lo que dijo? did you manage to make any sense of what he said?
    F (evidente) clear, obvious
    hay pruebas claras de que miente there is clear evidence that he is lying
    está claro que ella es la culpable it is clear o obvious that she is the culprit, she is clearly o obviously the culprit
    … a no ser, claro está, que esté mintiendo … unless, of course, he's lying
    A ‹hablar/ver›
    voy a hablarte claro I'm not going to beat around o about the bush, I'm going to give it to you straight ( colloq)
    ahora lo veo claro I see it all clearly now, now I get it! ( colloq)
    me lo dijo muy claro he made it very o quite clear (to me)
    claro y raspado ( Ven fam); straight
    me lo dijo todo claro y raspado he told me straight, he didn't beat around o about the bush
    B ( indep)
    ¡claro que lo sabe! of course she knows!
    ¿te gustaría verlo? — ¡claro! would you like to see it? — yes, I'd love to o ( colloq) sure!
    ¿lo hizo? — ¡claro que no! did he do it? — no, of course not! o no, of course he didn't!
    2 (como enlace) mind you
    nadie le creyó, claro que conociéndolo no es de extrañar nobody believed him. Mind you, knowing him it's not surprising
    lo ayudó la madre — claro, así cualquiera his mother helped him — well, of course anyone can do it like that
    anda, díselo tú — claro, para que me eche a mí la bronca ¿no? ( iró); go on, you tell him — oh sure o oh fine o I see, so that way it's me he gets mad at, right? ( iro)
    A (en un bosque) clearing; (en el pelo, la barba) bald patch
    había algunos claros en las gradas there were a few empty spaces in the stand
    B ( Meteo) sunny spell o period o interval
    Compuesto:
    moonlight
    * * *

     

    claro 1
    ◊ -ra adjetivo

    a) ( luminoso) ‹cielo/habitación› bright

    b) ( pálido) ‹color/verde/azul› light, pale;

    ‹ piel› fair;
    ◊ tiene los ojos claros she has blue/green/gray eyes

    c) ‹salsa/sopa› thin

    d) ‹agua/sonido› clear;

    ‹ideas/explicación/instrucciones› clear;
    ‹situación/postura› clear;

    ¿está claro? is that clear?;
    quiero dejar (en) claro que … I want to make it clear that …;
    sacar algo en claro de algo to make sense of sth

    ◊ está claro que … it is clear o obvious that …;

    a no ser, claro está, que esté mintiendo unless, of course, he's lying
    claro 2 adverbio
    1 ‹ ver› clearly;
    ◊ voy a hablarte claro I'm not going to beat around o about the bush;

    me lo dijo muy claro he made it very quite clear (to me)
    2 ( indep) ( en exclamaciones de asentimiento) of course
    ■ sustantivo masculino

    (en pelo, barba) bald patch
    b) (Meteo) sunny spell o period

    claro,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (despejado, evidente) clear: tengo muy claro que no va a volver, I'm quite sure she won't come back
    un asunto poco claro, a shady deal
    2 (poco espeso) thin
    3 (color) light
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (de un bosque) clearing
    2 (entre las nubes) break in the clouds
    3 claro de luna, moonlight
    III adverbio clearly: deberías hablar claro, you must speak clearly
    IV exclamación of course!
    ¡claro que puedo!, of course I can!
    ♦ Locuciones: a las claras, clearly
    dejar algo claro, to make something clear
    lo lleva claro si piensa que voy a tolerarlo, she can be quite sure that i?m not going to put up with it
    sacar algo en claro, to draw a conclusion: después de tanta discusión, no sacamos nada en claro, we were back to square one after hours of discussion
    ' claro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    clara
    - escarceo
    - estar
    - hombre
    - nebulosa
    - nebuloso
    - nítida
    - nítido
    - notoria
    - notorio
    - patente
    - poca
    - poco
    - precisa
    - preciso
    - pues
    - rondar
    - sacar
    - salvaje
    - agua
    - celeste
    - color
    - constar
    - hablar
    - lavado
    - neto
    - oscuro
    - palpable
    - que
    - quedar
    - visto
    English:
    ale
    - apparent
    - articulate
    - break
    - broad
    - clean-cut
    - clear
    - clear-cut
    - clearing
    - confusing
    - crystal-clear
    - decided
    - distinct
    - enough
    - fuzzy
    - good
    - ice-blue
    - indistinct
    - let
    - light
    - lucid
    - mousy
    - mud
    - neat
    - obscure
    - outset
    - pale
    - plain
    - precise
    - sharp
    - speak out
    - spell out
    - straight
    - surely
    - tenuous
    - then
    - thin
    - transparently
    - unclear
    - unequivocal
    - why
    - blur
    - by
    - certainly
    - clearly
    - course
    - crystal
    - flash
    - increasingly
    - more
    * * *
    claro, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [luminoso] bright;
    una habitación clara a bright o light room
    2. [color] light;
    verde claro light green
    3. [sonido] clear;
    hablaba con una voz clara she spoke in a clear voice
    4. [sin nubes] clear;
    un día/cielo claro a clear day/sky
    5. [diluido] [té, café] weak;
    [salsa, sopa] thin;
    no me gusta el chocolate claro I don't like my hot chocolate thin
    6. [poco tupido] thin, sparse
    7. [persona, explicación, ideas, libro] clear;
    hablaba con un lenguaje claro she spoke in clear terms;
    dejar algo claro to make sth clear;
    poner algo en claro to get sth clear, to clear sth up;
    que quede (bien) claro que no fue idea mía I want to make it (quite) clear that it wasn't my idea;
    sacar algo en claro (de) to make sth out (from);
    después de escuchar su explicación no saqué nada en claro after listening to her explanation, I was none the wiser;
    tengo claro que no puedo contar con él one thing I'm quite sure about is that I can't rely on him, one thing's for sure, I can't rely on him;
    verlo claro [estar seguro] to be sure;
    pasar una noche en claro to have a sleepless night;
    Esp Fam
    llevarlo o [m5]tenerlo claro: ¡lo lleva o [m5] tiene claro si piensa que le vamos a ayudar! if he thinks we're going to help him, he can think again!;
    si no vienen ellos, lo tenemos claro if they don't come, we've had it
    8. [obvio, evidente] clear;
    el resultado fue claro the result was clear;
    ¿está claro? is that clear?;
    está claro que van a ganar it's clear they're going to win;
    está claro que te quieren engañar it's obvious that they are trying to deceive you, they are obviously trying to deceive you;
    está claro o [m5]claro está que si no quieres, no estás obligado a participar of course o obviously, you're not obliged to participate if you don't want to;
    a no ser, claro, que tengas una idea mejor unless, of course, you have a better idea;
    está más claro que el agua it's perfectly o crystal clear;
    allí no vuelvo, eso está más claro que el agua I'm not going there again, that's for certain
    ♦ nm
    1. [en bosque] clearing;
    [en multitud] space, gap;
    vi un claro en la fila I saw a gap in the row
    2. [en cielo nublado] break in the clouds;
    se esperan nubes y claros it will be cloudy with some bright spells;
    en cuanto haya un claro salimos we'll go out as soon as it brightens up
    3. [calvicie, calva] bald patch
    4. [en pintura] highlight
    5. Arquit skylight
    6. claro de luna moonlight
    ♦ adv
    clearly;
    hablar claro to speak clearly;
    dilo claro, ¿te interesa o no? tell me straight, are you interested or not?;
    ¡claro! of course!;
    ¡claro que sí!, ¡pues claro! of course!;
    ¡claro que no! of course not!;
    ¡claro que me gusta! of course I like it!;
    Irónico
    ¿me ayudarás? – claro, no pensaba en otra cosa will you help me? – oh sure, I wouldn't dream of doing anything else;
    Irónico
    ve tú primero – claro, así si hay algún agujero me caigo yo you go first – oh great o thanks a lot, that way if there's a hole I'll be the one to fall into it;
    claro, con un jugador más ya se puede of course, with an extra player it's hardly surprising;
    la obra no tuvo éxito, claro que conociendo al director no me sorprende the play wasn't a success, but then again that's hardly surprising knowing the director
    ♦ a las claras loc adv
    clearly
    * * *
    I adj
    clear;
    poner en claro make clear;
    dejar claro make plain;
    quedar claro be clear;
    tener algo claro be sure o clear about sth;
    pasar la noche en claro lie awake all night, not sleep a wink;
    a las claras clearly
    2 color light
    3 ( luminoso) bright
    4 salsa thin
    II adv
    :
    hablar claro speak plainly;
    ¡claro! of course!;
    claro está of course
    III m
    1 METEO clear spell
    2 en bosque clearing
    * * *
    claro adv
    1) : clearly
    habla más claro: speak more clearly
    2) : of course, surely
    ¡claro!, ¡claro que sí!: absolutely!, of course!
    claro que entendió: of course she understood
    claro, -ra adj
    1) : bright, clear
    2) : pale, fair, light
    3) : clear, evident
    claro nm
    1) : clearing
    2)
    claro de luna : moonlight
    * * *
    claro1 adj
    1. (en general) clear
    2. (luminoso) bright
    3. (color) light
    claro2 adv clearly
    claro3 interj of course
    claro4 n (en meteorología) sunny interval

    Spanish-English dictionary > claro

  • 118 убедительный

    convincing, conclusive, striking, well founded
    • Мы уже накопили ряд убедительных доказательств того, что... - We have amassed a convincing body of evidence that...
    • Однако требуются более убедительные свидетельства для того, чтобы материализовать требование, что... - More convincing evidence is needed, however, to substantiate the claim that...
    • Теперь имеется убедительное свидетельство, что... - There is now conclusive evidence that...
    • Убедительное доказательство этого утверждения предоставлено Смитом [1]. - Convincing proof of this statement is furnished by Smith [1].
    • Это дает убедительное доказательство того, что... - This provides strong evidence that; This is strong proof that; It is good evidence for

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > убедительный

  • 119 ראיה

    רַאֲיָה, רַאֲיָיהf. (preced, wds.) evidence, proof. Eduy. II, 2 לא ראינו איןר׳ (Bab. ed. אין לא ראינור׳) ‘we have not seen is no evidence (that an act did not take place); Zeb.XII, 4; Keth.23a. Ib. 15b (in Chald. dict.) אייתיר׳ דישראל את produce evidence that thou art an Israelite. Snh.III, 8 כל זמן שמביאר׳, v. סָתַר II. B. Kam. III, 11, a. fr. עליו הר׳ it rests on him to produce evidence, v. יָצָא. B. Bath. 154a top ר׳ במאי wherein must his evidence consist? ר׳ בעדים evidence by producing witnesses; ר׳ בקיום השטר evidence by which the document is identified. Pes.15a, a. e. אין הנדון דומה לר׳ the case under discussion is not parallel to the evidence (the case which you cite is not analogous). Ber.2b, a. fr. אע״פ שאיןר׳וכ׳, v. זֵכֶר; a. v. fr.Pl. רַאֲיוֹת. Snh. l. c. כלר׳ שיש לךוכ׳ whatever new evidences you may have, you must produce within thirty days. Y.Shebu.VI, 37a top בכופר ברַאֲיוֹתָיו when the opponent contests his evidence. Gen. R. s. 36, end, v. הַכְרָעָה; a. e.

    Jewish literature > ראיה

  • 120 ראייה

    רַאֲיָה, רַאֲיָיהf. (preced, wds.) evidence, proof. Eduy. II, 2 לא ראינו איןר׳ (Bab. ed. אין לא ראינור׳) ‘we have not seen is no evidence (that an act did not take place); Zeb.XII, 4; Keth.23a. Ib. 15b (in Chald. dict.) אייתיר׳ דישראל את produce evidence that thou art an Israelite. Snh.III, 8 כל זמן שמביאר׳, v. סָתַר II. B. Kam. III, 11, a. fr. עליו הר׳ it rests on him to produce evidence, v. יָצָא. B. Bath. 154a top ר׳ במאי wherein must his evidence consist? ר׳ בעדים evidence by producing witnesses; ר׳ בקיום השטר evidence by which the document is identified. Pes.15a, a. e. אין הנדון דומה לר׳ the case under discussion is not parallel to the evidence (the case which you cite is not analogous). Ber.2b, a. fr. אע״פ שאיןר׳וכ׳, v. זֵכֶר; a. v. fr.Pl. רַאֲיוֹת. Snh. l. c. כלר׳ שיש לךוכ׳ whatever new evidences you may have, you must produce within thirty days. Y.Shebu.VI, 37a top בכופר ברַאֲיוֹתָיו when the opponent contests his evidence. Gen. R. s. 36, end, v. הַכְרָעָה; a. e.

    Jewish literature > ראייה

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