devised

⁺ V 2-8-0-2-2=14 Gn 29,25; 31,41; Jos 9,22; Jgs^A 16,10.13

לא יעדרו

to deceive [τι] Est 8,12f; to calculate fraudulently, to reckon fraudulently [τι] Gn 31,41; to defraud [τινα] Gn 29,25

*2 Sm 21,5 ὃς παρελογίσατο who deceived-רמה? for MT דמה who devised

→NIDNTT

-ή,-όν ⁺ A 12-17-17-117-37=200 Gn 41,8; Ex 28,3; 35,10.25; 36,1

skilled, skillful, clever 1 Chr 22,15; clever, prudent, wise Jb 32,9; learned, wise Gn 41,8; wise man, scholar Eccl 12,11; wise (of God) Sir 1,8; wise (of sophists; in pejor. sense) Dn 2,12; cleverly devised, wise (of things) 1 Ezr 3,5

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 114.134; KILPATRICK 1947, 63-64; LARCHER 1984 342.465.466

βουλ-ευτός, ή, όν,

A devised, plotted, A.Ch. 494.

II matter for deliberation, Arist.EN 1113a2, etc.

III βουλευτός, = βουλευτής, Hsch.

γῠναικό-βουλος, ον,

A devised by a woman,

μήτιδες A.Ch. 626

(lyr.).

δυσ-μήχᾰνος, ον,

A hard to effect, Epimen. ap. D.L.1.113; difficult, Ἀρχύτεω δυσμήχανα ἔργα κυλίνδρων Eratosth.Fr.35.7; prob. f.l. for δύσμαχον, J.BJ4.1.2.

II [voice] Act., at a loss,

πρός τι Them.Or. 10.137b

.

III devising ill, Nonn.D.44.210; δόλος ib.35.273; also, ill-devised, wicked,

ἔργον Opp.H.3.404

.

θεο-μήστωρ, ορος, ὁ,

A like the gods in counsel, A. Pers. 655 (lyr.), IG14.1868.

II [voice] Pass., devised by God,

θεομήστορος εἰκόνα κόσμου Alex.Eph.

ap. Theo Sm p.141H. (- μήτορος codd., em. Meineke);

κόσμον Man.4.7

(- μήτορα edd. vett.).

καινίζω, ([etym.] καινός) prop.

A make new or strange, but usu. in deriv. senses, καί τι καινίζει στέγη the house has something new, strange about it, S.Tr. 867; κ. εὐχάς offer new, strange prayers, E.Tr. 889; ἀμφίβληστρον ὡς ἐκαίνισαν (corr. Blomf. for ᾧ σ' ἐκαίνισαν ) how they devised a new, strange net, A.Ch. 492;

ὅστις τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λόγον E. Fr. 598

( = Critias 21 D.); so later, innovate,

καθολικόν τι καινίζειν OGI669.47

:—[voice] Pass., ib.62 (Egvpt, i A. D.), Just.Nov.7.12 Ep.; πολλὰ τῷ βίῳ κ. Vett.Val.270.27; in Poets, esp. use for the first time, handsel, καίνισον ζυγόν try on thy new yoke, A.Ag. 1071; πρῶτος τὸν ταῦρον ἐκαίνισεν first handseled the bull [of Perilaus], Call.Fr. 119; κ. δόρυ first to feel the spear, Lyc.530.

σοφ-ίζω,

A make wise, instruct, LXX Ps.18(19).8;

τινὰ εἰς σωτηρίαν 2 Ep.Ti.3.15

.

2 [voice] Pass., become or be clever or skilled in a thing, c. gen. rei, ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος skilled in seamanship, Hes.Op. 649;

Μοίσαι σεσοφισμέναι Ibyc.Oxy.1790.23

; so ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι ς. X.Cyn. 13.6: abs., to become or be wise, freq. in LXX, Ec.7.24(23), al.;

βέλτερος ἀλκήεντος ἔφυ σεσοφισμένος ἀνήρ Ps.-Phoc.130

.

3 [voice] Med., teach oneself, learn, ἐσοφίσατο ὅτι.. he became aware that.., LXX 1 Ki.3.8.

II [voice] Med. [full] σοφίζομαι, with [tense] aor. [voice] Med. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. infr.), practise an art, Thgn.19, IG12.678; play subtle tricks, deal subtly, E.IA 744, D.18.227, etc.; οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσι we use no subtleties in dealing with the gods, E.Ba. 200; to be scientific, speculate,

περὶ τὸ ὄνομα Pl.R. 509d

, cf. Plt. 299b, Muson.Fr.3p.12H., etc.; σοφιζόμενος φάναι to say rationalistically, Pl.Phdr. 229c; καίπερ οὕτω τούτου σεσοφισμένου though he has dealt thus craftily, D.29.28; σοφίσασθαι πρός τι to use fraud for an end, Plb.6.58.12; οἱ ἰητροὶ σοφιζόμενοι ἔστιν οἳ ἁμαρτάνουσι when they deal in subtleties, Hp.Fract. 1; οἱ μυθικῶς σοφ. Arist.Metaph. 1000a18, cf. HA 582a35, D.35.56; σ. πρὸς τὸν νόμον evade it, Plu.Dem.27.

2 c. acc. rei, devise cleverly or skilfully, Hdt.2.66, 8.27, cf. 1.80;

καινὰς ἰδέας σοφίζεσθαι Ar.Nu. 547

;

χαρίεντα καὶ σοφά Id.Av. 1401

; ἀλλότρια ς. meddle with other men's craft, Id.Eq. 299; with internal acc., ἀνόητα ς. exercise one's skill without νοῦς, Pl.Hp.Ma. 283a, cf. X.Mem.1.2.46;

ὅσα.. σοφίζονται πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Arist.Pol. 1297a14

; ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι this is the very thing one must gain by craft, S.Ph.77; οἶνον ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων ς. make spurious wine, Philostr.VA2.6;

πορφύραν παρὰ τῆς κόχλου Id.Her.19.15

:—[voice] Pass., σεσοφισμένοι μῦθοι craftily devised, 2 Ep.Pet.1.16.

b σ. νόμον evade it, Philostr.VA2.40, cf. Ael.VH2.41, Palaeph.50, OGI383.208 (Commagene, i B.C.).

3 c. acc. pers., deceive,

τὸν Τίτον J.BJ4.2.3

;

μή με σοφίζου AP12.25

(Stat. Flacc.);

τὸν δῆμον Hdn.7.10.7

; also

σ. τὴν αἴσθησιν Aret.SD 1.15

.

4 ' counter' by a device,

σοφίζεται τὴν βίαν τοῦ μηχανήματος J.BJ3.7.20

.

σοφός, ή, όν,

A skilled in any handicraft or art, clever, ἁρματηλάτας ς. Pi.P.5.115, cf. N.7.17;

κυβερνήτης A.Supp. 770

;

μάντις Id.Th. 382

;

οἰωνοθέτας S.OT 484

(lyr.); of a sculptor, E.Fr. 372; even of hedgers and ditchers, Margites Fr.2; but in this sense mostly of poets and musicians, Pi.O.1.9, P.1.42, 3.113; ἐν κιθάρᾳ ς. E.IT 1238 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ra. 896 (lyr.), etc.; τὴν τέχνην -ώτερος ib. 766;

περί τι Pl.Lg. 696c

; γλώσσῃ ς. S.Fr.88.10;

σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ, μαθόντες δὲ λάβροι Pi.O.2.86

.

2 clever in practical matters, wise, prudent, ὁ χρήσιμ' εἰδώς, οὐχ ὁ πόλλ' εἰδώς, ς. A.Fr. 390; esp. statesmanlike, in which sense the seven Sages were so called, Dicaearch. ap.D.L.1.40: hence, shrewd, worldly-wise, Thgn.120, Pi.I.2.12, Hdt. 3.85;

σ. ἄνδρες εἰσὶ Θεσσαλοὶ Id.7.130

;

σ. παλαιστὴς.., ἀλλὰ χαἱ χαἱ σοφαὶ γνῶμαι.. ἐμποδίζονται S.Ph. 431

, cf. 440, Aj. 1374; πολλὰ ς. A.Ag. 1295; ἃ δεῖ ς. E.Ba. 655 sq.;

τῶν λεγομένων πονηρῶν μέν, σοφῶν δέ Pl. R. 519a

: also

σοφαὶ πραπίδες Pi.O.11(10).10

;

φύσις Ar.V. 1282

: even of animals, X.Cyn.3.7 ([comp] Comp.), 6.13 ([comp] Sup.);

σ. πειθώ Pi.P.9.39

codd. ( σοφοῖς Bgk.);

εὐβουλία A.Pr. 1038

: τὸ ς. my little trick, Pl.R. 502d; your clever notion, Id.Euthd. 293d; τἀπ' ἐμοῦ σοφά, δάκρυα my tears, all the resources that I have, E.IA 1214; εἰ δίκαια, τῶν σοφῶν κρείσσω τάδε better than all craft, S.Ph. 1246; σοφόν [ἐστι] c. inf., E. Hec. 228.

b more generally, learned, wise,

τὸ μὲν σ. [αὐτὸν] καλεῖν ἔμοιγε μέγα εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ θεῷ μόνῳ πρέπειν Pl.Phdr. 278d

, cf. 279c, Prt. 329e, Ap. 21a ([comp] Comp.), 22c ([comp] Sup.); opp. ἀμαθής, ib. 25d ([comp] Comp.); of sophists, ib. 20a, Prt. 309d, X.Mem.2.1.21, etc.; universally and ideally wise,

ὁ σ., τουτέστιν ὁ τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἐπιστήμην ἔχων Chrysipp.Stoic.2.42

, cf. 3.167, al.: later σοφώτατος as a title, esp. of lawyers or professors, PIand.16.4 (v/vi A.D.), POxy.126.6 (vi A.D.).

3 subtle, ingenious, opp. ἀμαθής ( 1445 ) and σαφής, Ar.Ra. 1434 (Adv.);

σοφόν τοι τὸ σαφές, οὐ τὸ μὴ σαφές E.Or. 397

; τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία wisdom overmuch is no wisdom, Id.Ba. 395 (lyr.); τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; οὐδὲν ποικίλον οὐδὲ σοφόν nothing curious or recondite, D.9.37.—For the senses of ς., v. Arist.EN 1141a10.—mostly abs., but c. acc. rei, E.Ba. 655, Pl.Phlb. 17c, etc.; also ἐν οἰωνοῖς, κιθάρᾳ, E. IT 662, 1238 (lyr.);

εἴς τι Id.Fr. 162

([comp] Sup.); περί τι or τινος, Pl.Smp. 203a, Ap. 19c: rarely c. gen.,

σοφὸς κακῶν A.Supp. 453

: also c. inf., πῶς δῆτ' ἔγωγ' ἂν.. Διὸς γενοίμην εὖ φρονεῖν σοφώτερος; S.Fr.524.7.

II of things, cleverly devised, wise,

νόμος Hdt.1.196

([comp] Sup.); νοήματα, ἔπεα, Pi.O.7.72 ([comp] Sup.), P.4.138, etc.;

γνῶμαι S.Aj. 1091

;

νοῦς Id.El. 1016

; πάντα προσφέρων σοφά all wise sayings, Id.Fr. 763, cf. Ph. 1245;

χρόνου τε διατριβὰς σοφωτάτας ἐφηῦρε Id.Fr. 479

;

σοφώτερ' ἢ κατ' ἄνδρα συμβαλεῖν ἔπη E.Med. 675

;

σ. φυγή Id.Supp. 151

; οὐδὲν σοφὸν εἶναι shows no great wisdom, Arist.EN 1137a10.

III Adv. σοφῶς cleverly, wisely, etc., first (?) in S.(?)Fr. 1122; then in E.Alc. 699, Ba. 1271 codd., Heracl. 558, Ar.Ra. 1434, etc.: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερον E. Hec. 1007

: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατα Id.Hel. 1528

, Ar.Nu. 522:— σοφῶς, as an exclamation of applause, Plu.2.45f, Mart.3.46.8, etc. (Not in [dialect] Ep., exc. in Margites l.c. and as ancient v.l. (Eust.1023.14 ) in Il.23.712; but v. σοφία, σοφίζομαι.)

τέκμαρ, [dialect] Ep. [full] τέκμωρ (so always in Hom., never elsewhere), τό, indecl.:—

A fixed mark or boundary, goal, end (= πέρας, κατὰ τὴν ἀρχαίαν γλῶσσαν, Arist.Rh. 1357b9), ἵκετο τέκμωρ he reached the goal, Il.13.20; τοῖο μὲν.. εὕρετο τέκμωρ for this he found an end, i.e. devised a remedy, 16.472;

εἰς ὅ κε τ. Ἰλίου εὕρωσιν 7.30

;

οὐδέ τι τέκμωρ εὑρέμεναι δύνασαι Od.4.373

, cf. 466: in Pi., either end, termination,

τέκμαρ αἰῶνος Fr. 165

; or end, object, purpose, P.2.49.

2 fixed line of separation,

δειλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν τ. ἐναργές Hes.Fr. 164

.

II sure sign or token of some high and solemn kind, as Zeus says that his nod is ἐξ ἐμέθεν μέγιστον τέκμωρ, the highest, surest pledge I can give, Il.1.526; σαφὲς τ. Pi.N.11.44; of the moon, as a sign in the heavens,

τ. δὲ βροτοῖς.. τέτυκται h.Hom.32.13

, cf. A.R.1.499, 3.1002, etc.;

ἦν δ' οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς οὔτε χείματος τ. οὔτ'.. ἦρος A.Pr. 454

; ἔστι τῶνδέ σοι τ.; Id.Ag. 272, cf. 315; τἀνδρὸς ἐκφανὲς τ. Id.Eu. 244; τῆσδ' ἀφίξεως τ. Id.Supp. 483; κυνὸς.. σῆμα, ναυτίλοις τ. E.Hec. 1273.--Poet. word, used also in the [dialect] Ion. Prose of Hp. and Aret. for symptom, esp. pathognomic symptom, Hp.Mul.2.123, Aret.SA2.2, al.

τεχν-άζω,

A employ art, contrive,

ὅπως.. Arist.EN 1140a11

, cf. MM 1197a13.

II use art or cunning, deal subtly, use subterfuges, Hdt. 3.130, 6.1; τί ταῦτα στρέφει τεχνάζεις τε; Ar.Ach. 385, cf. Ra. 957;

τ. τε καὶ ψεύδεσθαι Pl.Hp.Mi. 371d

, cf. Lg. 879a, etc.;

τοὺς λαγὼς θηρῶντες πολλὰ τεχνάζουσιν X.Mem.3.11.7

; of the hare,

τ. τῇ βαδίσει Id.Cyn.8.3

: c. acc. cogn., τ. ἀάτην use art so as to deceive, Plu.Tim.10: c. inf., contrive cunningly that.., Arist.Pol. 1259a32, Plu.Alc.19.

2 [voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐτεχνασάμην, in same sense, Hdt.2.121. ά, Aen.Tact. 4.1;

τεχνάζεσθαι ὅπως.. Plu.Caes.43

.

3 [voice] Pass., in [tense] pf. part., ἅμαξαι τετεχνασμέναι ὥσπερ οἰκήματα artificially contrived, Hp.Aër. 18; ἐπίνοια τετεχν. cunningly devised, Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.26:—[full] τεχνήσασθαι τὸ μετὰ τέχνης τι κατασκευάσαι, τεχνάσασθαι δὲ τὸ κακουργῆσαι Ps.-Hdn.Gr.post Moer.p.477 P.

τεχν-άομαι, [tense] fut. - ήσομαι: [tense] aor. ἐτεχνησάμην, [dialect] Ep. τεχν-: [tense] pf. τετέχνημαι, [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. τετεχνέαται cj. in Hp.VM22:—

A make by art, execute skilfully, Od.5.259, 11.613 (for μὴ.. μηδ', cf. οὐ c); πολλὰ τ. practise many arts, X.Cyr.8.2.5.

2 also as [voice] Pass., to be made by art, ὅ τι καλὸν αὐτοῖς τεχνῷτο ib.8.6.23; διαιτήματα τετεχνημένα devised by art, Hp.VM3.--On the supposed [voice] Act. τεχνῆσαι, v. τεχνήεις.

II contrive or execute cunningly,

ταῦτα δ' ἐγὼν.. τεχνήσομαι Il.23.415

, etc.;

χερσὶν ἁτεχνησάμην S.Tr. 534

, cf. 928;

τῶν μηδὲν ὀρθῶς.. τεχνωμένων Id.Ant. 494

;

τ. κακά Id.Ph.80

;

πόλεμος ἀφ' αὑτοῦ τὰ πολλὰ τεχνᾶται πρὸς τὸ παρατυγχάνον Th.1.122

: abs., γένοιτο μέντἂν πᾶν θεοῦ τεχνωμένου if God contrives, S.Aj.86, cf. E.Med. 369, 382, 402, Ar.V. 176: c. inf., contrive how to do, Th.4.26; so also, followed by a clause, contrive or devise means for doing,

τεχνήσομαι ὥς κε γένηται παῖς ἐμός h.Ap. 326

;

τ. τί ἂν φάγοι X.Ages.9.3

.

2 in pass. sense, ὁ ἐπὶ κακῷ τεχνηθεὶς δόλος Sch.Il.15.14.

φῐλοτέχν-ημα, ατος, τό,

A chef-d' ceuvre, Cic.Att.13.40.1, Aristid.Or.44(17).13, Hld.5.18, Chor.35.35 p.399.3 F.-R.

II

ἐκπηδῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ φ.

the cunningly devised trap,

D.S.3.37

.

ἐγκατα-τίθημι,

A lay or put in,

<ἔν> τινι τι Orph.H.25.9

;

Ἐριχθόνιον.. νηῷ ἐγκατέθηκε IG14.1389i

i31.

II Hom. only in [voice] Med., ἱμάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ put the band upon or round thy waist, Il.14.219, cf. 223; ἄτην ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο θυμῷ stored up, devised mischief in his heart, Od.23.223; τελαμῶνα ἑῇ ἐγκάτθετο τέχνῃ stored up the belt in his art, designed it by his art, Od.11.614; σὺ ταῦτα τεῷ ἐνικάτθεο θυμῷ store it up in thy heart, Hes.Op.27;

στέρνοις ἐγκατέθεντο Simon.85.5

;

ὅκα φρεσὶν ἐγκατάθοιτο βουλάν Theoc.17.14

;

γλυφίδας.. ἐνικάτθετο νευρῇ A.R.3.282

.

ἐκμάσσατο, [ per.] 3sg. [tense] aor. I, he

A devised or invented,

τέχνην h.Merc. 511

; cf. μαίομαι.

μῦθος, ου, ὁ (Hom. et al.; ins; Sir 20:19; TestJud 23:1 v.l.) prim. ‘speech, conversation,’ also of ‘narrative’ or ‘story’ without distinction of fact or fiction, then of fictional narrative (as opposed to λόγος, the truth of history) such as tale, story, legend, myth (so Pind., Hdt. et al.; Pla., Tim. 26e μὴ πλασθέντα μῦθον, ἀλλʼ ἀληθινὸν λόγον ‘not some contrived tale, but a true account’, Phd. 61b; Epict. 3, 24, 18; SIG 382, 7; Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 61 al.; Joseph.; apolog. exc. Mel.) w. πλάνη 2 Cl 13:3. Pl. (cp. Diod S 1, 93, 3; 2, 46, 6; 23, 13 [all three μῦθοι πεπλασμένοι]; Philo, Exsecr. 162 τοὺς ἄπλαστον ἀλήθειαν ἀντὶ πεπλασμένων μύθων μεταδιώκοντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 256) σεσοφισμένοις μ. ἐξακολουθεῖν follow cleverly devised tales 2 Pt 1:16 (Jos., Ant. 1, 22 τ. μύθοις ἐξακολουθεῖν; cp the contrast between the πράξεις ἐναργεῖς [‘manifest performance’] of Isis in Egypt and the inferior Hellenic μυθολογία Diod. Sic. 1, 25, 4; New Docs 4, 80; on Gr-Rom. historians’ concern for the truth of history as opposed to mythography s. Spicq 2, 532–33). Of erroneous instruction Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μ. Tit 1:14. βέβηλοι καὶ γραώδεις μ. frivolous old wives’ tales 1 Ti 4:7 (cp. Lucian, Philops. 9 γραῶν μῦθοι; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 133 D. As early as Pla., Gorg. 527a μ. ὥσπερ γραός; Ps-Xenophon, Ep. 7). W. γενεαλογίαι (q.v.) 1:4. ἐπὶ τοὺς μ. ἐκτρέπεσθαι turn to legends 2 Ti 4:4.—EHoffmann, Qua ratione ἔπος, μῦθος, αἶνος λόγος … adhibita sint, diss. Gött. 1922; LMueller, Wort u. Begriff Mythos im kl. Griech., diss. Hamburg, ’54; KGoldammer, ZNW 48, ’57, 93–100; CBarrett, ET 68, ’57, 345–48; 359–62.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TRE XXIII 597–661. TW. Spicq. Sv.