dē-parcus

sōbrĭus ( sōbrĕus), a, um ( comp. sobrior, Laber. ap. Charis. p. 64; elsewhere not compared), adj. [cf. Gr. sôphrôn, saos; Lat. sanus], not drunk, sober (freq. and class.).

Lit., opp. vinolentus, Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52; so id. Or. 28, 99;

opp. vino madens,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 2;

opp. madidus,

id. Am. 3, 4, 18; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 5; Cato Utic. ap. Suet. Caes. 53; and ap. Quint. 8, 2, 9;

opp. ebrius,

Sen. Ep. 18, 4 (with siccus); Mart. 3, 16, 3;

opp. temulentus,

Tac. A. 13, 15 et saep.:

male sobrius, i. e. ebrius,

Tib. 1, 10, 51; Ov. F. 6, 785.—

Transf., of things ( poet. and post-Aug. prose; cf.

ebrius): pocula,

Tib. 1, 6, 28 (24):

lympha mixta mero,

id. 2, 1, 46:

nox,

in which there was no drinking, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 11; cf.

convictus,

Tac. A. 13, 15:

uva,

not intoxicating, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 31:

rura,

that furnish no wine, Stat. S. 4, 2, 37; cf. Suet. Dom. 7:

sobrium vicum Romae dictum putant, vel quod in eo nulla taberna fuerit, vel quod in eo Mercurio lacte, non vino supplicabatur, Fest. pp. 296 and 297 Müll.: non sobria verba,

i. e. of a drunken person, Mart. 1, 28, 5:

paupertas,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 411:

lares pauperes nostros, sed plane sobrios revisamus,

App. M. 5, p. 163, 31.—

In gen., sober, moderate, temperate, continent:

parcus ac sobrius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 15: vigilans ac sollers, sicca, sana, sobria, Afran. ap. Non. 21, 33 (Com. Rel. p. 148 Rib.):

homines frugi ac sobrii,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

auream quisquis mediocritatem Diligit... caret invidendā Sobrius aulā,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 8; Vell. 2, 63, 1:

non aestimatur voluptas illa Epicuri, quam sobria et sicca sit,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 12, 4:

corda,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 78:

vetus illa Romana virtus et sobria,

Amm. 15, 4, 3;

opp. libidinosus,

Lact. 3, 26, 7.—

Trop., of the mind, sober, even-minded, clever, sensible, prudent, reasonable, cautious (syn.:

mentis compos, sanus): satin' sanus es aut sobrius?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 29; cf.:

satis credis sobriam esse,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 36:

tu homo non es sobrius,

id. And. 4, 4, 39:

vigilantes homines, sobrii, industrii,

Cic. Cael. 31, 74: [p. 1715] diligentes et memores et sobrii oratores, id. de Or. 2, 32, 140;

opp. iracundus,

Vell. 2, 41, 1:

alte sobria ferre pedem,

prudently, Ov. Am. 1, 12, 6.—Of things:

opera Proba et sapiens et sobria,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

ingenium siccum ac sobrium,

Sen. Ep. 114, 3:

violenta et rapida Carneades dicebat, modesta Diogenes et sobria,

Gell. 7, 14, 10.—Hence, adv.: sōbrĭē (acc. to II. A. and B.).

Moderately, temperately, frugally: vivere (with parce, continenter, severe;

opp. diffluere luxuriā),

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106.—

Prudently, sensibly, circumspectly, = prudenter:

ut hoc sobrie agatur,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29:

curare aliquid,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 215:

hanc rem accurare,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 29; id. Pers. 4, 1, 1.

sordĭdus, a, um, adj. [sordeo], dirty, unclean, foul, filthy, squalid, sordid (class.).

Lit. (syn.: squalidus, obscenus): vestem squalam et sordidam, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 6 (Trag. v. 370 Vahl.):

amictus,

Verg. A. 6, 301; cf.:

sordidior toga,

Mart. 1, 104, 5:

mappa,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 22; Mart. 7, 20, 8:

lana,

Ov. A. A. 3, 222:

fumus,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 11:

at pol nitent, haud sordidae videntur ambae,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 6:

servolicolae,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 55:

nati,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 28; cf.:

magnos duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidos,

id. ib. 2, 1, 22:

puer sordidissimus dentibus,

Petr. 64, 6 et saep.—Esp.:

sordido in loco sedere,

Val. Max. 9, 13, 2.— Transf., of mourners, clad in mourning, Cic. Mur. 40, 86.— Poet.:

Auctumnus calcatis sordidus uvis,

Ov. M. 2, 29; id. F. 4, 897;

Col. poët. 10, 44: terga suis,

sooty, dingy, Ov. M. 8, 648.—Prov.: saepe est etiam sub palliolo sordido sapientia, wisdom is often hid under a ragged cloak, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56.—

Transf., low, base, mean, as to birth, rank, or condition; poor, humble, small, paltry (syn.:

illiberalis, infimus): causam commisisse homini egenti, sordido, sine honore, sme censu,

Cic. Fl. 22, 52; id. Att. 8, 4, 2; id. Leg. 3, 16, 35; Hor. C. 1, 28, 14.— Sup.:

sordidissimus quisque,

Liv. 1, 47, 11:

familiae sordidissima pars,

Petr. 132, 3; cf.:

loco non humili solum sed etiam sordido ortus,

Liv. 22, 25, 18:

a sordidis initiis ad summa crevere,

Just. 2, 6, 2:

sordidum et obscurum Macedonum nomen,

id. 6, 9, 7:

genus alicujus,

id. 22, 1, 1:

panis,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 16; Sen. Ep. 18, 5:

villula,

Cic. Att. 12, 27, 1; cf.

tecta,

Luc. 4, 396:

sedes,

id. 5, 9:

lar villae,

Mart. 12, 57, 2:

rura (with humiles casae),

Verg. E. 2, 28:

aratra,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 414;

hence also, otia, i. e. ruris,

Mart. 1, 56, 4 —

Trop., low, mean, base, abject, vile, despicable, disgraceful (syn. turpis).

In gen., Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

iste omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus,

id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

multo homo sordidissimus,

id. Scaur. 2, § 23:

homo furiosus ac sordidus,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

nec minus laetabor, cum te semper sordidum, quam si paulisper sordidatum viderem,

id. Pis. 41, 99:

illiberales et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omnium, quorum operae, non quorum artes emuntur... Sordidi etiam putandi, qui mercantur a mercatoribus, quod statim vendant, etc.... Opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur, etc.... mercatura autem, si tenuis est, sordida putanda est, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

lucrum,

Quint. 1, 2, 16 sq.; cf.: sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima, Cic. Off. 2, 6, 21:

qui (oratores) ne sordidiores quidem (artis) repudiarint (opp. praeclarissimas),

id. de Or. 3, 32, 128:

virtus repulsae nescia sordidae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 17:

adulterium,

Liv. 1, 58:

nomen,

Quint. 8, 3, 21:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 17; 8, 3, 49; 2, 5, 10:

multa,

id. 2, 12, 7:

omnia, id 10, 1, 9: homines nullā re bonā dignos, cum quibus comparari sordidum, confligere autem miserum et periculosum sit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; cf.:

qui pecuniam praeferre amicitiae sordidum existiment,

id. Lael. 17, 63.—

In partic., mean, niggardly, penurious, sordid (cf. parcus):

ita sordidus, ut se Non umquam servo melius vestiret,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 96; 1, 1, 65; 1, 2, 10; 2, 3, 164; Quint. 5, 13, 26; Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 1 (opp. sumptuosus):

perjurium,

Phaedr. 4, 19, 23:

cupido,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 16; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 supra.—Hence, adv.: sordĭdē.

Lit., dirtily, foully:

per plateas tractus est sordidissime,

through the deepest mire, Lampr. Heliog. 33 med. —

Transf., meanly, basely:

quo sordidius et abjectius nati sunt,

Tac. Or. 8.—

Trop.

Vulgarly, unbecomingly, poorly:

loquitur laute et minime sordide,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 11:

dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 339:

contionari,

id. Att. 15, 2, 2:

declamare (opp. splendide atque ornate),

Suet. Rhet. 6; Gell. 15, 4, 3.—

Meanly, stingily, penuriously, sordidly:

nimis illum sordide Simonidi dixisse, se dimidium ejus ei, quod pactus esset, pro illo carmine daturum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

facere aliquid (opp. largissime),

Suet. Dom. 9:

gerere proconsulatum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 2.

sperno, sprēvi, sprētum, 3 ( perf. sync. sprērunt, Prud. Dittoch. 31), v. a. [root spar-, to part; Sanscr. spar-itar, enemy; cf. Lat. parcus; Germ. sperren], to sever, separate, remove (syn.: segrego, separo; perh. only in the foll. passages): jus atque aequom se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

nunc spes, opes auxiliaque a me segregant spernuntque se,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 2 Brix ad loc.:

ille illas spernit segregatque ab se omnis extra te unam,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 17 Lorenz ad loc.—

Transf., subject., to despise, contemn, reject, scorn, spurn (the class. signif.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period; syn.: contemnere, despicere; pro nihilo putare, etc.;

opp. colere): meam speciem spernat (a little later: se contemnit),

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 20: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non respondit, nos sprevit et pro nihilo putavit,

Cic. Phil. 13, 9, 21; id. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

cum spernerentur ab iis, a quibus essent coli soliti,

id. Sen. 3, 7:

sperni ab iis veteres amicitias, indulgeri novis,

id. Lael. 15, 54; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 98:

me animo non spernis,

Verg. E. 3, 74:

comitemne sororem Sprevisti moriens,

id. A. 4, 678:

quis tam inimicus nomini Romano est, qui Ennii Medeam spernat,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

veritas auspiciorum spreta est,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

aliorum judicia,

id. Or. 13, 41:

prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 20 et saep.:

doctrina deos spernens,

Liv. 10, 40, 10:

conscientia spretorum (deorum),

id. 21, 63, 7; 30, 40, 5:

ab eo quoque spretum consulis imperium est,

id. 41, 10, 9; so,

imperium,

id. 8, 30, 11:

litteras praetoris,

id. 30, 24, 3:

consilium,

Ov. M. 6, 30; Curt. 3, 2, 18:

voluptates,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 55:

dulces amores,

id. C. 1, 9, 16:

cibum vilem,

id. S. 2, 2, 15:

(genus orationis) spretum et pulsum foro,

Cic. Or. 13, 42:

haudquaquam spernendus auctor,

Liv. 30, 45, 5; cf. Col. 1, 1, 4:

haud spernendos falsi tituli testes,

Liv. 4, 20, 11:

neque morum spernendus,

Tac. A. 14, 40:

spernens dotis,

App. Mag. p. 332.— Poet. with inf.:

nec partem solido demere de die Spernit,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 21:

obsequio deferri spernit aquarum,

Ov. M. 9, 117.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

trŭcŭlentus, a, um, adj. [trux], savage, fierce, ferocious, stern, grim, harsh, cruel, fell (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: saevus, crudelis, trux).

Lit.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12; cf.:

quam taeter incedebat! quam truculentus! quam terribilis aspectu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19:

truculentus atque saevus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; id. Truc. 2, 2, 10 sq.; 3, 2, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 73; Ov. M. 13, 558:

tigris etiam feris ceteris truculenta,

Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10.— Hence, subst.: Trŭcŭlentus, i, m., a play by Plautus, Cic. Sen. 14, 50; Varr. L. L. 7, 3.— Comp.:

nulla Getis gens est truculentior,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 31:

quo truculentior visu foret,

Tac. H. 4, 22:

feta truculentior ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Armeniam invasit truculentior quam antea,

Tac. A. 12, 50.—

Of things:

truculentis oculis,

Plaut. As. 2, [p. 1905] 3, 21:

aequor,

wild, stormy, Cat. 64, 179:

vocibus truculentis strepere,

wild, tumultuous, mutinous, Tac. A. 1, 25.— Subst.: trŭcŭlenta, ōrum, fierce conduct or language:

truculenta pelagi tulistis,

Cat. 63, 16; cf.

caeli,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

truculenta loquens,

Ov. M. 13, 558.— Sup.:

truculentissimum ac nefarium facinus,

Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.— Adv.: trŭcŭlentē or trŭcŭ-lenter, savagely, fiercely, ferociously:

nolite truculenter insequi inania verba populorum,

Cassiod. Var. 1, 13; Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 541.— Comp.:

quod truculentius se gereret quam ceteri,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

instans,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5.— Sup.:

quam potuit truculentissime eum aspexit,

Quint. 6, 1, 43.

vĕrēcundus, a, um, adj. [vereor], feeling shame (at any thing good or bad), shamefaced, bashful, shy, coy, modest, diffident, etc.

Lit.:

nimis verecunda es (uxor),

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 22:

decet verecundum esse adulescentem,

id. As. 5, 1, 6:

homo non nimis verecundus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 88, 361:

misi ad te quattuor admonitores non nimis verecundos,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

innocentes et verecundi,

id. Leg. 1, 19, 50:

populus,

Hor. A. P. 207:

saepe verecundum laudasti,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 37: Bacchus, moderate, id. C. 1, 27, 3 (cf.:

modicus Liber,

id. ib. 1, 18, 7):

orator in transferendis verecundus et parcus,

Cic. Or. 24, 81:

vultus,

Ov. M. 14, 840:

ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

color,

a blush, Hor. Epod. 17, 21:

rubor,

Ov. M. 1, 484:

pudor,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 50:

verecunda debet esse translatio,

Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 165:

oratio,

Quint. 11, 3, 96:

verba,

id. 10, 1, 9:

causa,

id. 4, 5, 19:

vita,

Ov. Tr. 2, 354.—With subj.clause:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 133:

hoc dicere verecundum est,

i. e. I am ashamed, id. 7, 1, 56.— Comp.:

verecundior in postulando,

Cic. Phil. 14, 5, 11:

verecundior in loquendo,

id. Fam. 7, 33, 2:

partes,

i. e. the private parts, Arn. 4, 133:

translatio,

Quint. 9, 2, 41:

confessio,

id. 4, 2, 8.— Sup.:

Pompejus in appetendis honoribus immodicus, in gerendis verecundissimus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3.—

Transf., objectively, worthy of reverence, venerable (late Lat.):

nomen populi Romani,

Amm. 14, 6, 6; cf. id. 21, 16, 11; 30, 8, 4:

praetor,

Capitol. Ver. 8.— Adv. (acc. to I.), shamefacedly, bashfully, shyly, modestly.

Form vĕrēcundē, Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 6; id. Brut. 22, 87; Liv. 26, 49, 16.—

Form vĕrēcundĭter, Pompon. ap. Non. 516, 23.—

Comp.:

verecundius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 171; Quint. 4, 1, 13; 11, 1, 84.