const

aeternĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], eternity.

Lit.

Of the past and future:

fuit quaedam ab infinito tempore aeternitas, quam nulla temporum circumscriptio metiebatur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 9: Tempus generale, quia nec initium nec finem habet, aeternitas est, quam Graeci aiôna appellant, Victorin. in Lib. 1, 26:

Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

immutabilis aeternitas,

id. Tim. 5: deum nihil aliud in omni aeternitate cogitantem, id. Div. 1, 41:

haec dicit excelsus et sublimis (Deus) habitans aeternitatem,

Vulg. Isa. 57, 15 al. —

Of the past: ex or ab aeternitate, from eternity:

hoc est verum ex aeternitate,

Cic. Fat. 14:

quod semper ex omni aeternitate rerum fuerit, id esse fatum (dicitis),

id. N. D. 3, 6:

si negas esse fortunam et omnia, quae fiunt quaeque futura sunt, ex omni aeternitate definita dicis esse fataliter,

id. Div. 2, 7:

ex omni aeternitate fluens veritas,

id. ib. 1, 55:

si nihil fieri potest, nisi quod ab omni aeternitate certum fuerit, quae potest esse fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 7:

egressus ejus ab initio, a diebus aeternitatis (fuerunt),

Vulg. Mich. 5, 2.—

Of the future:

aeternitas animorum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 39 (cf.:

immortalitas animorum,

id. ib. 50):

de aeternitate (animorum) dicere,

id. ib. 33, 81:

quorum (sc. Herculis, etc.) cum remanerent animi atque aeternitate fruerentur, rite di habiti sunt,

id. N. D. 2, 24, 62; id. Sen. 21:

Confer nostram longissimam aetatem cum aeternitate,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

in diem aeternitatis,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 18; and plur.:

in perpetuas aeternitates,

ib. Dan. 12, 3: in domum aeternitatis suae, to his everlasting home (of death), ib. Eccl. 12, 5.—

Meton., of the future, duration, durability, immortality:

cedri materiae aeternitas,

Plin. 13, 5, 11, § 53.—

Trop., of the future.

In gen.:

mihi populus Romanus aeternitatem immortalitatemque donavit,

Cic. Pis. 3; so id. Phil. 14, 13:

Quidquid ex Agricola amavimus, manet mansurumque est in aeternitate temporum, famā rerum,

Tac. Agr. 46:

cupido aeternitatis perpetuaeque famae,

Suet. Ner. 55 al. —

Spec., in the time of the emperors, a title of the emperor (like divinitas, majestas, and the like), Eternity:

rogatus per aeternitatem tuam, ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 10, 87 ad Trajan.:

adoratus aeternitatem nostram, Imp. Const. Cod. 11, 9, 2: Quae nostra sanxit aeternitas,

Nov. 35 fin.

albīnus, i, m., = albarius, one who covers walls with stucco or plaster, a plasterer: albini, quos Graeci koniatas appellant, Cod. Const. 10, 64, 1.

Albīnus, i, m., a Roman family name.

The name of a Roman usurer, Hor. A. P. 327.—

A. Postumius Albinus, censor, A. U. C. 580, Cic. Verr. 1, 41, 106; Liv. 41, 27.—

Esp.: A. Postumius Albinus, who was consul with Lucullus a short time before the third Punic war, 603 A. U. C., and the author of a Roman Hist. in Greek, cf. Cic. Brut. 21, 81; id. Ac. 2, 45, 137; Gell. 11, 8; Macr. S. praef.

albīnus, i, m., = albarius, one who covers walls with stucco or plaster, a plasterer: albini, quos Graeci koniatas appellant, Cod. Const. 10, 64, 1.

Albīnus, i, m., a Roman family name.

The name of a Roman usurer, Hor. A. P. 327.—

A. Postumius Albinus, censor, A. U. C. 580, Cic. Verr. 1, 41, 106; Liv. 41, 27.—

Esp.: A. Postumius Albinus, who was consul with Lucullus a short time before the third Punic war, 603 A. U. C., and the author of a Roman Hist. in Greek, cf. Cic. Brut. 21, 81; id. Ac. 2, 45, 137; Gell. 11, 8; Macr. S. praef.

al-lĕvio ( adl-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [lĕvis], = allĕvo, to make light, to lighten.

Lit.:

ut (navis) alleviaretur ab eis,

Vulg. Jonas, 1, 5; ib. Act. 27, 38.—

Trop., to raise up, relieve:

alleviabit eum Dominus,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 15:

curas alicui,

Just. Nov. Const. 13.—Spec.:

alleviata est terra Zabulon,

is dealt lightly, leniently with, Vulg. Isa. 9, 1.

ango, xi, ctum, and anxum, 3, v. a. ( perf. and sup. rest only on the assertion in Prisc. p. 895 P.; Diom. p. 366 P.; part. anctus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 24 Müll.; acc. to Prisc. l. c., the sup. is sometimes anxum; cf. Struve, 214) [the root of this word is widely diffused: ankos, a bend, hollow; whence, valley, ravine; from the notion of closeness, come anchô = to press tight, to strangle, throttle; ango; Germ. hangen, hängen; Engl. hang; angustus, anxius, anxietas; old Germ. Angust; Germ. Angst = Engl. anguish; from the notion of being bent, come ancus anculus, a crouching slave, ancora = Gr. ankura; angulus = Germ. Angel, Engl. angle; old Germ. Angul, a hook; Gael. ingle = nook for the fire, fireplace; ancale = ankalê, Engl. ankle; ancon, and the pr. names Ancon and Ancona; uncus, curved, crooked; ungula, claw; unguis, claw, nail; cf. Sanscr. ahus, close; ahas, anguish; ankāmi, to bend; ankas, the lap (sinus), a hook; for the other Greek words belonging to this group, v. L. and S. s. vv. ankos and anchô].

Lit., to bind, draw, or press together; of the throat, to throttle, strangle (so anchô; in this signif. antiquated; hence, in class. perh. only in the poets; in prose, instead of it, suffocare; cf. Diom. p. 361 P.):

angit inhaerens Elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur,

Verg. A. 8, 260; so id. G. 3, 497:

cum colla minantia monstri Angeret,

Stat. Th. 4, 828; 6, 270; Sil. 13, 584.—Hence, of plants, to choke, Col. 4, 2, 2; 6, 27, 7 al.—

Metaph.

To cause (physical) pain; hence, angi, to feel or suffer pain, Plin. 10, 60, 79, § 164. —

Most freq. of the mind, to distress, torment, torture, vex, trouble; and angi, to feel distressed, to suffer torment, etc.:

illum incommodis dictis angam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 11: cura angit hominem, * Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 8; * Lucr. 4, 1134:

cruciatu timoris angi?

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

multa sunt, quae me sollicitant anguntque,

id. Att. 1, 18:

angebar singularum horarum exspectatio ne,

id. ib. 9, 1 et saep.; Liv. 2, 7; 21, 1 al.:

ne munere te parvo beet aut incommodus angat (cruciet, cum non vult dare quod poscis, Cruqu.),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 75:

ad humum maerore gravi deducit et angit,

id. A. P. 110:

poëta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit,

puts in torturing suspense, id. Ep. 2, 1, 211 al.:

Pompeius... curis animum mordacibus angit,

Luc. 2, 680 sq.:

Ea res animum illius anxit,

Gell. 1, 3:

(aemula eam) vehementer angebat,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 1, 6.—With de (in respect to):

de Statio manumisso et non nullis aliis rebus angor,

Cic. Att. 2, 18 fin.:

de quo angor et crucior,

id. ib. 7, 22.—Sometimes with gen. (on this const. cf. Roby, II. §

1321): absurde facis, qui angas te animi,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6:

(Sthenius) angebatur animi necessario, quod etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 34, 84. But Cic. also uses the abl.:

angor animo,

Brut. 2, 7: audio te animo angi, Fam. 16, 142; and acc. to some edd. Tusc. 1, 40, 96 Seyff. (v. further on this gen. s. v. animus).

auspex, spĭcis, comm. [a contraction of avispex, from avis-spicio], a bird inspector, bird-seer, i. e. one who observes the flight, singing, or feeding of birds, and foretells future events therefrom; an augur, soothsayer, diviner (in a lit. signif. far more rare than augur).

Lit.:

latores et auspices legis curiatae,

Cic. Att. 2, 7:

ego cui timebo Providus auspex,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 8.—Of the birds from which auguries were taken:

(galli, gallinacei) victoriarum omnium auspices,

Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49.—Since little of importance was done in Rome without consulting the auspices, hence,

Transf.

1.. In gen., an author, founder, director, leader, protector, favorer:

divis Auspicibus coeptorum operum,

Verg. A. 3, 20:

Dis equidem auspicibus reor etc.,

id. ib. 4, 45, and Ov. F. 1, 615: auspice Musā, i. e. under the inspiration of the muse, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 13:

Nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro,

id. C. 1, 7, 27.—

Esp., as t. t., the person who witnessed the marriage contract, the reception of the marriage portion, took care that the marriage ceremonies were rightly performed, etc., paranumphios:

nihil fere quondam majoris rei nisi auspicato ne privatim quidem gerebatur, quod etiam nunc nuptiarum auspices declarant, qui re omissā nomen tantum tenent,

Cic. Div. 1, 16, 28; cf. Val. Max. 2, 1, 1; Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 346; Plaut. Cas. prol. 86:

nubit genero socrus nullis auspicibus, nullis auctoribus, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14; so Liv. 42, 12, 4:

auspicum verba,

Tac. A. 11, 27; 15, 37:

alicui nubere dote inter auspices consignatā,

Suet. Claud. 26;

veniet cum signatoribus auspex,

Juv. 10, 336 Schol.; Luc. 2, 371 Schol.—In fem., Claud. in Rufin. 1, 1, 83; cf. pronubus; auctor, II. F. 3.; and Smith, Dict. Antiq.—

A beginning (post-class.), Eum. Pan. Const. 3; Pacat. Pan. Theod. 3.—

Adj., fortunate, favorable, auspicious, lucky (post-class.):

clamor,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 610:

victoria,

id. VI. Cons. Hon. 653:

purpura,

id. Ep. ad Seren. 57.

ăvārĭtĭa, ae, f. [avarus], a greedy desire for possessions, greediness, avarice, covetousness (opp. abstinentia, Suet. Dom. 9;

periphrastically, pecuniae cupiditas,

id. Vesp. 16; syn.: aviditas, cupido).

Lit.:

Est autem avaritia opinatio vehemens de pecuniā, quasi valde expetenda sit, inhaerens et penitus insita,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 11, 26: avaritia est injuriosa appetitio alienorum, Auct. ad Her. 4, 25:

avaritiam si tollere voltis, mater ejus est tollenda luxuries,

Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 171:

avaritia hians et imminens,

a gaping and eager avarice, id. Verr. 2, 2, 54:

pueris talorum nucumque avaritia est: viris auri argentique et urbium,

Sen. Const. 12:

avaritiae (sc. nimiae parsimoniae) singulos increpans,

Suet. Calig. 39 et saep.—In plur.:

omnes avaritiae,

every kind of selfishness, Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75. —

Transf., of eagerness for food, gluttony:

Quam siquis avidus poscit escam avariter, Decipitur in transennā avaritia sua,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 13.— Trop.: avaritia gloriae, eager desire for renown or glory, Curt. 9, 2.

bĕnĕfĭcĭum (better than bĕnĭfĭcĭ-um), ii, n. [beneficus].

A benefaction, kindness, favor, benefit, service, euergetêma (sunt qui ita distinguunt, quaedam beneficia esse, quaedam officia, quaedam ministeria. Beneficium esse, quod alienus det:

alienus est, qui potuit sine reprehensione cessare: officium esse filii, uxoris et earum personarum, quas necessitudo suscitat et ferre opem jubet: ministerium esse servi, quem condicio sua eo loco posuit, ut nihil eorum, quae praestat, imputet superiori,

Sen. Ben.3, 18, 1);—(in prose freq.; in poetry, for metrical reasons, only in play-writers; most freq. in Ter.).

In gen.:

nullum beneficium esse duco id, quod, quoi facias, non placet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 12:

beneficium accipere,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

pro maleficio beneficium reddere,

id. Phorm. 2, 2, 22:

immemor beneficii,

id. And. 1, 1, 17:

cupio aliquos parere amicos beneficio meo,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 69:

beneficium verbis initum re comprobare,

id. And. 5, 1, 5:

nec enim si tuam ob causam cuiquam commodes, beneficium illud habendum est, sed feneratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117; id. Off. 2. 20, 70:

beneficio adligari: beneficio victus esse,

Cic. Planc. 33, 81; cf.:

Jugurtham beneficiis vincere,

Sall. J. 9, 3:

collocare,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49 al.; 2, 20, 69:

dare,

id. ib. 1, 15, 48; id. Fam. 13, 8, 3' deferre, id. Off. 1, 15, 49: conferre in aliquem, [p. 232] id. ib. 1, 14, 45: quia magna mihi debebat beneficia, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1:

in republicā multo praestat benefici quam malefici immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28:

senatus et populus Romanus benefici et injuriae memor esse solet,

id. ib. 104, 5; Petr. 126, 4:

in iis (hominibus) beneficio ac maleficio abstineri aecum censent,

Liv. 5, 3, 8:

immortali memoriā retinere beneficia,

Nep. Att. 11, 5 al. —Of the favor of the people in giving their vote:

quidquid hoc beneficio populi Romani atque hac potestate praetoriā possum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69, and 71.—

Esp.

Beneficio, through favor, by the help, aid, support, mediation:

beneficio tuo salvus,

thanks to you, Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 1; 13, 35, 1:

nostri consulatūs beneficio,

by means of, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 6:

servari beneficio Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 71, 1:

hoc beneficio,

by this means, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

sortium beneficio,

by the lucky turn of, Caes. B. G. 1, 53 Herz.:

longissimae aetatis,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

ingenii,

id. 2, 11, 2; 5, 10, 121:

eloquentiae,

Tac. Or. 8 al.; cf.: fortunae beneficium, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—

In gen., by the agency of:

quod beneficio ejus contingit,

Dig. 39, 2, 40, § 1:

beneficio furis,

ib. 47, 2, 46 pr.—

Alicujus beneficii facere (habere, etc.), to make dependent on one ' s bounty or favor (post-Aug.):

commeatus a senatu peti solitos benefici sui fecit,

Suet. Claud. 23:

ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret,

Just. 13, 4, 9; cf.:

adeo quidem dominis servi beneficia possunt dare, ut ipsos saepe beneficii sui fecerint,

Sen. Ben. 3, 18, 4:

sed nihil habebimus nisi beneficii alieni?

Quint. 10, 4, 6.—

Transf. to political life.

A distinction, support, favor, promotion (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.):

coöptatio collegiorum ad populi beneficium transferebatur,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

quibus omnia populi Romani beneficia dormientibus deferuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus,

among those recommended to favor, id. Arch. 5, 11 Halm. ad loc.; id. Fam. 7, 5, 3:

cum suo magno beneficio esset,

under great obligation to his recommendation, id. Phil. 8, 6 Wernsd.; Flor. 4, 2, 92; cf. Suet. Tit. 8.—So,

Esp. freq. of military promotions (whence beneficiarius, q. v.):

quod scribis de beneficiis, scito a me et tribunos militaris et praefectos... delatos esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 7:

ut tribuni militum... quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

Liv. 9, 30, 3:

beneficia gratuita esse populi Romani,

id. 45, 42, 11; Hirt. B. Afr. 54, 5:

per beneficia Nymphidii,

promoted, advanced through the favor of Nymphidius, Tac. H. 1, 25; 4, 48 Lips.:

beneficii sui centuriones,

i. e. his creatures, Suet. Tib. 12:

Liber beneficiorum or Beneficium,

the book in which the public lands that were bestowed were designated, Hyg. Limit. Const. p. 193 Goes.; Arcad. ib. p. 260.—So, SERVVS. A. COMMENTARIIS. BENEFICIORVM., Inscr. Grut. 578, 1.—

A privilege, right (post-Aug.):

anulorum,

Dig. 48, 7, 42:

religionis,

ib. 3, 3, 18:

militaris,

ib. 29, 1, 3.—Hence, liberorum, a release from the office of judge, received in consequence of having a certain number of children, Suet. Claud. 15; Dig. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—

Personified, as a god:

duos omnino (deos credere), Poenam et Beneficium,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14.

bĕnĕfĭcĭum (better than bĕnĭfĭcĭ-um), ii, n. [beneficus].

A benefaction, kindness, favor, benefit, service, euergetêma (sunt qui ita distinguunt, quaedam beneficia esse, quaedam officia, quaedam ministeria. Beneficium esse, quod alienus det:

alienus est, qui potuit sine reprehensione cessare: officium esse filii, uxoris et earum personarum, quas necessitudo suscitat et ferre opem jubet: ministerium esse servi, quem condicio sua eo loco posuit, ut nihil eorum, quae praestat, imputet superiori,

Sen. Ben.3, 18, 1);—(in prose freq.; in poetry, for metrical reasons, only in play-writers; most freq. in Ter.).

In gen.:

nullum beneficium esse duco id, quod, quoi facias, non placet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 12:

beneficium accipere,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

pro maleficio beneficium reddere,

id. Phorm. 2, 2, 22:

immemor beneficii,

id. And. 1, 1, 17:

cupio aliquos parere amicos beneficio meo,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 69:

beneficium verbis initum re comprobare,

id. And. 5, 1, 5:

nec enim si tuam ob causam cuiquam commodes, beneficium illud habendum est, sed feneratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117; id. Off. 2. 20, 70:

beneficio adligari: beneficio victus esse,

Cic. Planc. 33, 81; cf.:

Jugurtham beneficiis vincere,

Sall. J. 9, 3:

collocare,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49 al.; 2, 20, 69:

dare,

id. ib. 1, 15, 48; id. Fam. 13, 8, 3' deferre, id. Off. 1, 15, 49: conferre in aliquem, [p. 232] id. ib. 1, 14, 45: quia magna mihi debebat beneficia, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1:

in republicā multo praestat benefici quam malefici immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28:

senatus et populus Romanus benefici et injuriae memor esse solet,

id. ib. 104, 5; Petr. 126, 4:

in iis (hominibus) beneficio ac maleficio abstineri aecum censent,

Liv. 5, 3, 8:

immortali memoriā retinere beneficia,

Nep. Att. 11, 5 al. —Of the favor of the people in giving their vote:

quidquid hoc beneficio populi Romani atque hac potestate praetoriā possum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69, and 71.—

Esp.

Beneficio, through favor, by the help, aid, support, mediation:

beneficio tuo salvus,

thanks to you, Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 1; 13, 35, 1:

nostri consulatūs beneficio,

by means of, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 6:

servari beneficio Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 71, 1:

hoc beneficio,

by this means, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

sortium beneficio,

by the lucky turn of, Caes. B. G. 1, 53 Herz.:

longissimae aetatis,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

ingenii,

id. 2, 11, 2; 5, 10, 121:

eloquentiae,

Tac. Or. 8 al.; cf.: fortunae beneficium, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—

In gen., by the agency of:

quod beneficio ejus contingit,

Dig. 39, 2, 40, § 1:

beneficio furis,

ib. 47, 2, 46 pr.—

Alicujus beneficii facere (habere, etc.), to make dependent on one ' s bounty or favor (post-Aug.):

commeatus a senatu peti solitos benefici sui fecit,

Suet. Claud. 23:

ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret,

Just. 13, 4, 9; cf.:

adeo quidem dominis servi beneficia possunt dare, ut ipsos saepe beneficii sui fecerint,

Sen. Ben. 3, 18, 4:

sed nihil habebimus nisi beneficii alieni?

Quint. 10, 4, 6.—

Transf. to political life.

A distinction, support, favor, promotion (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.):

coöptatio collegiorum ad populi beneficium transferebatur,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

quibus omnia populi Romani beneficia dormientibus deferuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus,

among those recommended to favor, id. Arch. 5, 11 Halm. ad loc.; id. Fam. 7, 5, 3:

cum suo magno beneficio esset,

under great obligation to his recommendation, id. Phil. 8, 6 Wernsd.; Flor. 4, 2, 92; cf. Suet. Tit. 8.—So,

Esp. freq. of military promotions (whence beneficiarius, q. v.):

quod scribis de beneficiis, scito a me et tribunos militaris et praefectos... delatos esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 7:

ut tribuni militum... quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

Liv. 9, 30, 3:

beneficia gratuita esse populi Romani,

id. 45, 42, 11; Hirt. B. Afr. 54, 5:

per beneficia Nymphidii,

promoted, advanced through the favor of Nymphidius, Tac. H. 1, 25; 4, 48 Lips.:

beneficii sui centuriones,

i. e. his creatures, Suet. Tib. 12:

Liber beneficiorum or Beneficium,

the book in which the public lands that were bestowed were designated, Hyg. Limit. Const. p. 193 Goes.; Arcad. ib. p. 260.—So, SERVVS. A. COMMENTARIIS. BENEFICIORVM., Inscr. Grut. 578, 1.—

A privilege, right (post-Aug.):

anulorum,

Dig. 48, 7, 42:

religionis,

ib. 3, 3, 18:

militaris,

ib. 29, 1, 3.—Hence, liberorum, a release from the office of judge, received in consequence of having a certain number of children, Suet. Claud. 15; Dig. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—

Personified, as a god:

duos omnino (deos credere), Poenam et Beneficium,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14.

bĕnignus, a, um, adj. [as if benigenus, from bonus genus, anal. with malignus and privignus], of a good kind or nature, beneficent, kind.

Of feeling or deportment towards others, kind, good, friendly, pleasing, favorable, benignant:

nam generi lenonio, Numquam ullus deus tam benignus fuit qui fuerit propitius,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34:

benignus et lepidus et comis,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39:

boni et benigni,

id. Phorm. 5, 2, 2:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

Apelles in aemulis benignus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88;

id. praef. § 21: divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 52:

numen,

id. ib. 4, 4, 74; cf. Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34 al.—

Of things, friendly, favorable, pleasant, mild:

animus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22:

oratio,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

sociorum comitas vultusque benigni,

Liv. 9, 6, 8; 30, 14, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 20:

verba,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

benigniora verba,

Liv. 21, 19, 11.—In the jurists, interpretatio, a mild, favorable interpretation (opp. dura, which follows the strictness of the letter; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31 sq.), Dig. 39, 5, 16:

semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt,

ib. 50, 17, 56:

benignior sententia,

ib. 37, 6, 8.—

Poet., = faustus, lucky, propitious, favorable:

dies,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 108:

nox,

id. Th. 10, 216.—

More freq. of action, beneficent, obliging, that gives or imparts freely, liberal, bounteous, etc.:

erga te benignus fui, atque opera mea Haec tibi sunt servata,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 33; id. Trin. 3, 3, 12; 2, 4, 58:

fortuna... Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 52:

qui benigniores volunt esse, quam res patitur, peccant,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44:

qui liberalis benignusque dicitur,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

facilius in timore benigni quam in victoriā grati reperiuntur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 15, 8.— Poet., with gen.:

vini somnique benignus,

a hard drinker and a lover of sleep, Hor. S. 2, 3, 3.—Opp. to bonae frugi = prodigus, prodigal, lavish:

est benignus potius quam bonae frugi,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 20.—

Of things (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf. malignus), yielding liberally, abundant, fruitful, fertile, copious, rich: et magnas messes terra benigna daret, Tib [p. 233] 3, 3, 6:

ager,

Ov. Am. 1, 10, 56:

tellus,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 1:

vepres,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 8:

cornu,

id. C. 1, 17, 15:

egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,

id. Epod. 17, 66:

ingenī Benigna vena est,

id. C. 2, 18, 10:

praeda,

Ov. F. 5, 174:

benigna materia gratias agendi Romanis,

Liv. 42, 38, 6: quem (ordinem) persequi longa est magis quam benigna materia, fruitful, or suitable for exhibition, Mel. prooem. § 1;

so Seneca: primus liber.. benigniorem habuit materiem,

Sen. Ira, 2, 1, 1:

ipse materiā risūs benignissima,

id. Const. 18, 1 (cf. also in Gr. aphthonos):

aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11 (sermone multo et liberali et largo, Lamb.):

benignissimum inventum, i. e. beneficentissimum,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 11. —Hence, adv.: bĕnignē (ante-class. collat. form bĕnignĭter).

In a friendly manner, kindly, benevolently, courteously, benignly:

benigne et amice facere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109:

me benignius Omnes salutant quam salutabant prius,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 36:

ecquid ego possiem Blande dicere aut benigne facere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24:

viam monstrare,

courteously, politely, Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

salutare,

id. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

audire,

id. Clu. 3, 8:

polliceri,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

servire alicui,

Cat. 76, 3:

respondere,

Sall. J. 11, 1; Liv. 27, 4, 7:

milites adpellare,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

habere,

id. ib. 113, 2:

alloqui,

Liv. 1, 28, 1:

audire aliquem,

id. 1, 9, 4:

excipere aliquem,

id. 2, 35, 6; 21, 19, 7; Tac. A. 1, 57:

arma capere,

readily, willingly, Liv. 3, 26, 1:

audire,

Suet. Aug. 89.—In the ante-class. form benigniter, Titin. ap. Non. p. 510, 13, and Prisc. p 1010 P.—

Mildly, indulgently (in jurid. Lat.):

in poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum est,

Dig. 50, 17, 155; ib. 44, 7, 1, § 13:

benignissime rescripserunt,

ib. 37, 14, 4.—

Benigne dicis, or absol. benigne, used in colloquial lang. in thanking one for something, both when it is taken and when it is refused (the latter a courtly formula like the Gr. ainô se, zêlô se, kalôs, kallista; cf. recte), you are very kind, I thank you very much, am under great obligation; no, I thank you.

In receiving: As. Peregre cum advenis, cena detur. Di. Benigne dicis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 27; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 62.—

In declining:

frumentum, inquit, me abs te emere oportet. Optime. Modium denario. Benigne ac liberaliter: nam ego ternis HS non possum vendere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

dic Ad cenam veniat.. Benigne Respondet. Neget ille mihi? etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 62; id. ib. 1, 7, 16 Schmid.—

Abundantly, liberally, freely, generously:

pecuniam praebere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 37; id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52 and 53; Sall. J. 68, 3; Liv. 9, 31, 5; 9, 32. 2:

benignius Deprome quadrimum,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:

paulo benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 11. —

Benigne facere alicui = bene facere, to do a favor, to show favor, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24 Ruhnk.; Cat. 73, 3:

qui plurimis in istā provinciā benigne fecisti,

Cic. Fam. 13, 67, 1; id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Inv. 1, 55, 109; Liv. 4, 14, 5; 28, 39, 18; Gell. 17, 5, 10 al.; cf. Rutil. Lup. p. 127 Ruhnk. (175 Frotscher).

Călēdŏnĭa, ae, f, also Călī- [cf. Welsh celydd, a woody shelter, and Lat. celo], = Kalêdonia, the province of the ancient Britons, now the Highlands in the northern part of Scotland, Tac. Agr. 10; 11; 25; 31.—

Derivv.

Călē-dŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

silva,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 102; Flor. 3, 10, 18:

saltus,

id. 1, 17, 3:

ursus,

Mart. Spect. 7:

Britanni,

id. 10, 44, 1; Luc. 6, 68:

Oceanus,

Val. Fl. 1, 8. —

Călēdŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

angulus,

Sol. 22, 1.— Călēdŏnes, um, m., a people in the Scottish Highlands, Eum. Pan. Const. 7.

Călēdŏnĭa, ae, f, also Călī- [cf. Welsh celydd, a woody shelter, and Lat. celo], = Kalêdonia, the province of the ancient Britons, now the Highlands in the northern part of Scotland, Tac. Agr. 10; 11; 25; 31.—

Derivv.

Călē-dŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

silva,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 102; Flor. 3, 10, 18:

saltus,

id. 1, 17, 3:

ursus,

Mart. Spect. 7:

Britanni,

id. 10, 44, 1; Luc. 6, 68:

Oceanus,

Val. Fl. 1, 8. —

Călēdŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

angulus,

Sol. 22, 1.— Călēdŏnes, um, m., a people in the Scottish Highlands, Eum. Pan. Const. 7.

Călēdŏnĭa, ae, f, also Călī- [cf. Welsh celydd, a woody shelter, and Lat. celo], = Kalêdonia, the province of the ancient Britons, now the Highlands in the northern part of Scotland, Tac. Agr. 10; 11; 25; 31.—

Derivv.

Călē-dŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

silva,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 102; Flor. 3, 10, 18:

saltus,

id. 1, 17, 3:

ursus,

Mart. Spect. 7:

Britanni,

id. 10, 44, 1; Luc. 6, 68:

Oceanus,

Val. Fl. 1, 8. —

Călēdŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

angulus,

Sol. 22, 1.— Călēdŏnes, um, m., a people in the Scottish Highlands, Eum. Pan. Const. 7.

Călēdŏnĭa, ae, f, also Călī- [cf. Welsh celydd, a woody shelter, and Lat. celo], = Kalêdonia, the province of the ancient Britons, now the Highlands in the northern part of Scotland, Tac. Agr. 10; 11; 25; 31.—

Derivv.

Călē-dŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

silva,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 102; Flor. 3, 10, 18:

saltus,

id. 1, 17, 3:

ursus,

Mart. Spect. 7:

Britanni,

id. 10, 44, 1; Luc. 6, 68:

Oceanus,

Val. Fl. 1, 8. —

Călēdŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., Caledonian:

angulus,

Sol. 22, 1.— Călēdŏnes, um, m., a people in the Scottish Highlands, Eum. Pan. Const. 7.