compact+set

διαθήκη, ης, ἡ (Democr., Aristoph.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol, TestAbr, Test12Patr; ParJer 6:21; ApcEsdr, ApcMos; AssMos Fgm. a; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14) apart from the simplex θήκη ‘case, chest’, for the mng. of this word one must begin with the mid. form of the verb διατίθεμαι, which is freq. used in legal and commercial discourse of disposition of things (s. L-S-J-M s.v. διατιθημι B), w. implication of promissory obligation. Disposition of one’s personal effects would naturally come under testamentary law, hence

① last will and testament (so exclusively in Hellenistic times, Eger [s. 3 below] 99 note; exx. e.g. in Riggenbach 292ff; Behm 10, 1; 2; Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; loanw. in rabb.) Hb 9:16f; δ. κεκυρωμένη a will that has been ratified Gal 3:15; cp. 17, where δ. shades into mng. 2 (s. κυρόω 1, προκυρόω); s. also EBammel, below, and JSwetnam, CBQ 27, ’65, 373–90. On Jewish perspective s. RKatzoff, An Interpretation of PYadin 19—A Jewish Gift after Death: ProcXXCongPap 562–65.

② As a transl. of בְּרִית in LXX δ. retains the component of legal disposition of personal goods while omitting that of the anticipated death of a testator. A Hellenistic reader would experience no confusion, for it was a foregone conclusion that gods were immortal. Hence a δ. decreed by God cannot require the death of the testator to make it operative. Nevertheless, another essential characteristic of a testament is retained, namely that it is the declaration of one person’s initiative, not the result of an agreement betw. two parties, like a compact or a contract. This is beyond doubt one of the main reasons why the LXX rendered בְּרִית by δ. In the ‘covenants’ of God, it was God alone who set the conditions; hence covenant (s. OED s.v. ‘covenant’ sb. 7) can be used to trans. δ. only when this is kept in mind. So δ. acquires a mng. in LXX which cannot be paralleled w. certainty in extra-Biblical sources, namely ‘decree’, ‘declaration of purpose’, ‘set of regulations’, etc. Our lit., which is very strongly influenced by LXX in this area, seems as a rule to have understood the word in these senses (JHughes, NovT 21, ’79, 27–96 [also Hb 9:16–20; Gal 3:15–17]). God has issued a declaration of his purpose Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21); 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:37); 35:7 (Ps 49:16), which God bears in mind (cp. Ps 104:8f; 105:45 al.) Lk 1:72; it goes back to ancestral days Ac 3:25 (PsSol 9:10; ParJer 6:21). God also issued an ordinance (of circumcision) 7:8 (cp. Gen 17:10ff). Since God’s holy will was set forth on more than one occasion (Gen 6:18; 9:9ff; 15:18; 17:2ff; Ex 19:5 and oft.), one may speak of διαθῆκαι decrees, assurances (cp. διαθῆκαι πατέρων Wsd 18:22; 2 Macc 8:15.—But the pl. is also used for a single testament: Diog. L. 4, 44; 5, 16. In quoting or referring to Theophr. sometimes the sing. [Diog. L. 5, 52; 56] is used, sometimes the pl. [5, 51; 57]) Ro 9:4; Eph 2:12. Much emphasis is laid on the δ. καινή, mentioned as early as Jer 38:31, which God planned for future disposition (Hb 8:8–10; 10:16). God’s decree or covenant directed toward the Christians is a καινὴ δ. (δ. δευτέρα Orig., C. Cels. 2, 75) Lk 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6; Hb 8:8; 9:15a; PtK 2 p. 15, 5, or δ. νέα Hb 12:24; PtK 2 p. 15, 6 which, as a δ. αἰώνιος (cp. Jer 39:40; En 99:2) Hb 13:20, far excels 7:22; 8:6 the παλαιὰ δ. 2 Cor 3:14, or πρώτη δ. Hb 9:15b, with which it is contrasted. Both are mentioned (Did., Gen. 46, 4; 235, 26) Gal 4:24; B 4:6ff (Ex 34:28; 31:18; Just., D. 67, 9). Blood was shed when the old covenant was proclaimed at Sinai Hb 9:20 (Ex 24:8); the same is true of the new covenant Hb 10:29. τὸ αἷμά μου τ. διαθήκης Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24 (ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht², ’63, 122–29) is prob. to be understood in connection w. this blood (s. WWrede, ZNW 1, 1900, 69–74; TRobinson, My Blood of the Covenant: KMarti Festschr. 1925, 232–37; for a critique of this view s. GWalther, Jesus, D. Passalamm des Neuen Bundes, ’50, 22–27 and JJeremias TLZ, ’51, 547. For Syriac background JEmerton, JTS 13, ’62, 111–17; s. also ÉDelebrecque, Études grecques sur l’vangile de Luc ’76, 109–21).—The v.l. Lk 22:29 may be derived from Jer 39:40 or Is 55:3 LXX (for the cognate acc. s. Aristoph., Aves 440).—δ. may also be transl. decree in the Ep. of Barnabas (4:6ff; 6:19; 9:6; 13:1, 6; 14:1ff δ. δοῦναί τινι); but the freq. occurrence of the idea of inheritance (6:19; 13:1, 6; 14:4f), makes it likely that the ‘decree’ is to be thought of as part of a will.

③ The mng. compact, contract seems firmly established for Gr-Rom. times (FNorton, A Lexicographical and Historical Study of Διαθήκη, Chicago 1908, 31ff; EBruck, D. Schenkung auf d. Todesfall im griech. u. röm. Recht I 1909, 115ff; JWackernagel, D. Kultur d. Gegenw. I 8² 1907, 309). It remains doubtful whether this mng. has influenced our lit. here and there (exc. quite prob. Lk 22:29 v.l. with its administrative tenor; the phrase διατίθεμαι δ. as Aristoph., Av. 440 of a treaty agreement), but the usage of the term δ. in such sense would again serve as a bridge to LXX usage.—The expr. ἡ κιβωτὸς τ. διαθήκης covenant chest i.e. the sacred box (Eng. ‘ark’ as loanw. from Lat. arca) that symbolized God’s pledge of presence w. Israel (Ex 31:7; 39:14 al.) Hb 9:4; Rv 11:19 or αἱ πλάκες τ. διαθ. (Ex 34:28; Dt 9:9, 11) Hb 9:4 would have required some acquaintance with Israelite tradition on the part of ancient readers.—ERiggenbach, D. Begriff d. Διαθήκη im Hb: Theol. Stud. f. TZahn 1908, 289ff, Hb² 1922, 205ff al.; ACarr, Covenant or Testament?: Exp. 7th ser., 7, 1909, 347ff; JBehm, D. Begriff D. im NT 1912; ELohmeyer, Diatheke 1913; WFerguson, Legal Terms Common to the Macedonian Inscr. and the NT, 1913, 42–46 (testamentary exhibits); HKennedy, Exp. 8th ser., 10, 1915, 385ff; GVos, Hebrews, the Epistle of the Diatheke: PTR 13, 1915, 587–632; 14, 1916, 1–61; OEger, ZNW 18, 1918, 84–108; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 496–505; LdaFonseca, Διαθήκη foedus an testamentum?: Biblica 8, 1927; 9, 1928; EBammel, Gottes διαθήκη (Gal 3:15–17) u. d. jüd. Rechtsdenken, NTS 6, ’60, 313–19; NDow, A Select Bibliography on the Concept of Covenant, Austin Seminary Bulletin 78, 6, ’63; CRoetzel, Biblica 51, ’70, 377–90 (Ro 9:4); DMcCarthy, Berit and Covenant (Deut.), ’72, 65–85; EChristiansen, The Covenant in Judaism and Paul ’95.—DELG s.v. θήκη. M-M. TW. Sv.

πυκνός [(A)], ή, όν, poet. also [full] πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in [dialect] Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., Pi.O.13.52 ([comp] Sup.), B.Fr.1; [dialect] Aeol. [full] πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.Supp.14.9 ( πύκινος is dub. l. Id.82); Trag. [full] πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., Aj. 1208, Ph. 854; πυκινός once in Com., Eub.38 (s.v.l.): [dialect] Lacon. [comp] Sup. πουκότατος is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—

A close, compact.

I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid,

πυκινὸς θώρηξ Il.15.529

;

χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην Od.14.521

;

πυκινὸν νέφος Il.5.751

; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed, 9.621, Od.7.340;

πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν Il.14.349

;

Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ Emp.27.3

;

σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα X.An.4.7.15

;

π. δέμας Parm. 8.59

; of a sponge, Hp.Ulc.2;

π. ὀστοῦν Pl.Ti. 75b

, cf. Hp.VM22; [ σάρκες] Pl.Ti. 74e; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ib. 59b;

ἔβενος Thphr.HP1.5.5

;

πλεύμων Plu.2.698b

; χωρία ib.650d;

πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν Call. Ap.89

; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, PFay.113.8 (i/ii A.D.);

ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. IG7.3073.104

(Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, thick-set, stocky, Sor.1.34.

2 narrow, constricted,

οὐ διέρχεται.. ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς.., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης Hp.Mul.1.73

;

πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.6

.

II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded,

πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες Il.4.281

;

τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61

, etc.;

πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392

, etc.(v. infr. 111.1);

πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309

;

πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133

, cf. Od.5.480;

σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι Il.24.453

;

σταυροὺς.. πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od.14.12

; of thick plumage,

πυκινὰ πτερά 5.53

;

πτερὰ πυκνά Il.11.454

, 23.879; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, Il.18.320, Od.19.439, 5.471, Il.21.245, Od.14.473, 10.150, 19.520;

π. νέφεα Hes.Op. 553

; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, Il.16.212; πυκινοῖσι.. βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts, 11.576;

πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν Od.14.36

;

τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. Hdt.7.218

; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, A.Pr. 678; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, Id.Ch. 1050; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc.,

πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος S.Fr. 636

;

πυκιναῖς δρόσοις Id.Aj. 1208

(lyr.);

πυκνῇ νιφάδι E.Andr. 1129

; π. ῥόος a dense current, Emp.100.14;

π. θρίξ X.Cyn.4.6

;

π. τρίχες Pl.Prt. 321a

; [ δένδρεα] Hdt.4.22, cf. X.An.4.8.2;

τὰ μὲν π... τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν Thphr.HP1.8.2

.

b in Tactics, in close order, opp. ἀραιός, Ascl.Tact.4.1 ([comp] Sup.), Arr.Tact.11.1 ([comp] Comp.).

2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous,

πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε A.Pr. 658

;

τῶν π. φιλημάτων Id.Fr. 135

;

ὀδύναι πυκνόταται Hp.VM22

;

πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα Epich.109

(anap.);

π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα E.Tr. 235

; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, Id.Ph. 844; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, S.Fr.871.1;

μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp.

Aër.13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον quicker breathing, Id.Acut.16;

π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f

; continuous, constant,

φῶς Corp.Herm. 16.10

;

ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι Th.7.44

;

ἡ.. εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ.. πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν Pl.Ap. 40a

;

ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί Id.R. 573e

;

τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc.1.20

: c. inf., πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by.., X.Vect.5.1 codd.

III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (v. infr. B. 111.1), Il.10.267, Od.13.68, Il.14.167, Od.23.229, 10.283;

ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή Il.13.804

;

π. δῶμα Xenoph.17

: hence, close, concealed,

πυκινὸς δόλος Il.6.187

; and so perhaps π. λόχος, v. supr. 11.1.

2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as

τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων Aristox.Harm. p.24M.

, cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc.

IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive,

ἄτη Il.24.480

;

μελεδῶναι Od.19.516

;

ἄχος Il.16.599

.

V metaph. of the mind, shrewd, wise,

πυκιναὶ φρένες 14.294

, cf. Alc.Supp.14.9, B. l.c.;

νόος Il.15.461

;

μήδεα 3.208

;

βουλή 2.55

;

ἐφετμή 18.216

;

μῦθοι Od.3.23

;

ἔπος Il.11.788

; θυμός, βουλαί, Pi.P.4.73, I.7(6).8;

φρήν E.IA67

; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Orac. ap. Hdt.7.141, cf. IG3.1320: in Prose,

πυκνὴ διάνοια Pl.R. 568a

; τὸ π. terseness of expression, D.H.Th.24.

2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning,

Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις Pi.O.13.52

;

κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν Id.Fr. 106

; πυκινοί the wise, S.Ph. 854 (lyr.);

πυκνότατον κίναδος Ar.Av. 430

(lyr.);

πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ Critias 25.12

.

B Adv. πυκινῶς, and after Hom. πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι close or fast shut, Il.9.475, Od.2.344, etc.

2 sorely (v. supr. A. IV),

πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος Il.19.312

, cf. Od.19.95, al.; constantly,

ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι X.Cyn.6.22

.

3 sagaciously, shrewdly,

π. ὑποθήσομαι Od.1.279

, cf. Il.21.293;

πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν Ar.Th. 438

(lyr., s.v.l.).

II neut. sg. and pl., πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as Adv., esp. in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, Od.13.438, 17.198;

πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88

;

τέττιξ.. καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν Hes.Op. 584

: in Prose,

πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος Hp.Art.2

;

πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν Pl.R. 501b

;

πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι X.An.6.1.8

;

πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν Arist.Rh. 1357b19

; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, Pl.R. 328d, D.41.24;

πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν Pl.Cra. 420d

. Adv.

- οτέρως Lesb.Gramm.23

, PLond.5.1929(iv A.D.): [comp] Sup.

πυκνότατα X.Eq.11.11

.

2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (v. supr. A.V) Od.9.445.

III poet. Adv. [full] πύκα [[pron. full] ?πυκνόςX?πυκνόςX], thickly, solidly,

θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο 1.436

;

π. π. δόμοιο 22.455

;

σάκεος π. π. Il.18

. 608;

Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317

, cf. 15.689, 739;

πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι 12.454

.

2 θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, 9.588.

3 wisely, π. φρονεῖν ib. 554, 14.217, Q.S.1.449, al.; τρέφειν rear carefully, Il.5.70.

------------------------------------

πυκνός [(B)], gen. of πνύξ (q.v.).

στέλλω, Il.4.294, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

στελῶ S.Ph. 640

, [dialect] Ep.

στελέω Od.2.287

: [tense] aor.

ἔστειλα Th.7.20

, [dialect] Ep.

στεῖλα Od.14.248

: [tense] pf.

ἔσταλκα Arr.An.2.11.9

, ([etym.] ἀπ-, ἐπ-) Isoc.1.2, E.Ph. 863: [tense] plpf.

ἐστάλκει Arr.An.3.16.6

, ([etym.] ἐπ-) Th.5.37:—[voice] Med., Il.23.285, etc.: [tense] fut.

στελοῦμαι Lyc.604

: [tense] aor. ἐστειλάμην, [dialect] Ep. στειλ-, Il.1.433, S.OT 434, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. στᾰλήσομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Aeschin.3.114 (v.l.), D.24.93; simple

σταλήσομαι J.AJ2.4.2

: [tense] aor. ἐστάλθην (in compd. ἀποσταλθέντες) GDI5186.4 ([place name] Crete), cf.Sch. Od.8.21; more freq. ἐστάλην [ᾰ], Pi.O.13.49, Hdt.4.159, ([etym.] ἐπ-) Th.1.91, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔσταλμαι Hdt.7.62

, Pl.Lg. 833d, etc.: [tense] plpf.

ἐστάλμην Philostr. VA3.25

, [ per.] 3pl.

ἐστάλατο Hes.Sc. 288

; ἐσταλάδατο and ἐστελάδατο dub.ll.in Hdt.7.89 (leg. ἐστάλατο):— make ready,

οὓς ἑτάρους στέλλοντα καὶ ὀτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι Il.4.294

;

οὔτε κέ σε στέλλοιμι μάχην ἐς κυδιάνειραν 12.325

; νῆα ς. rig or fit her out, Od.2.287, cf. 14.247;

πλοῖον Hdt.3.52

;

ναῦς τριάκοντα Th.7.20

;

τὰ ἐκ νεώς S.Ph. 1077

: also στρατιήν, στόλον, στρατόν, fit out an armament, get it ready, Hdt.3.141, 5.64, A.Pers. 177, etc.;

ᾧ δὴ τόνδε πλοῦν ἐστείλαμεν S.Aj. 1045

: also στέλλειν τινὰ ἐσθῆτι furnish with, array in, a garment, Hdt.3.14;

χιτῶνι S.Tr. 612

: c. dupl. acc.,

στολὴν σ. τινά E.Ba. 827

sq.;

σ. τινὰς ὡς δεσποίνας X.HG5.4.5

; σ. ἕλκος dress it, Hp.VC14; bury, ἐνὶ γαίῃ ς. A.R.3.205:—[voice] Med., στεῖλαί νυν ἀμφὶ χρωτὶ.. πέπλους put on robes, E.Ba. 821: c. dat., ἐσθῆτι στειλάμενοι having dressed themselves in.., Luc.Philops.32: metaph.,

σ. κιθάρην Hermesian.7.2

:—[voice] Pass., fit oneself out, get ready, ἄλλοι δὲ στέλλεσθε do you others prepare (to compete in the games), Il.23.285;

στρατὸν κάλλιστα ἐσταλμένον Hdt.7.26

, cf. 3.14, 7.93: c. acc. cogn., τὴν αὐτὴν ταύτην ἐστ. ib.62: c. dat., πρεπούσῃ στολῇ ἐστ. Pl.Lg. 833d: folld. by a Prep.,

ἐσταλμένος ἐπὶ πόλεμον X.An.3.2.7

; ἐς ἄγραν, ἐπ' ἄγρην, Lyc.604, AP 7.535 (Mel.);

περὶ ὄργια E.Ba. 1000

(lyr.): c. inf., ἐστέλλετο ἀπιέναι he prepared to go, Hdt.3.124;

κινεῖν κώπας E.Tr. 181

(lyr.).

II dispatch, send,

ἐς οἶκον πάλιν A.Pr. 389

, cf. E.IA 119 (lyr.), etc.;

ἐξ ἑνὸς στείλαντος S.OC 737

:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., set out, or (esp. in [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass.) journey, Hdt.1.165, 3.53, 4.159, 5.92.β: c. acc. cogn.,

ὁδὸν στέλλεσθαι S.Ph. 1416

(anap.), cf. A.R.4.296;

πρὸς θάλασσαν E.Hel. 1527

;

ἐπὶ τὸν χρυσόν Hdt.3.102

;

ἐπὶ πλοῖα X.An.5.1.5

;

τούτων γὰρ οὕνεκ' ἐστάλην S.Aj. 328

;

ἴδιος ἐν κοινῷ σταλείς Pi.O.13.49

;

οἷπερ ἐστάλην ὁδοῦ S.El. 404

;

οἴκαδε Τροίας ἄπο E.Tr. 1264

; κατὰ γῆν (v.l. γῆς) X.An.5.6.5: abs.,

στέλλου, κομίζου

begone!

A.Pr. 394

: c. acc. loci, ὀμφαλὸν γῆς ς. E.Med. 668;

μέλαθρα Id.HF 109

(lyr.); of things, to be sent, S.Tr. 776: metaph. of speech,

ἀέρα ἐκπέμπειν στελλόμενον ὑφ' ἑκάστων τῶν παθῶν Epicur.Ep.1p.27U.

2 [voice] Act. intr. in sense of the [voice] Pass. (in Hdt. and Trag.), prepare to go, start, set forth,

ἔστελλε ἐς ἀποικίην Hdt.4.147

, cf. 148, 5.125, S.Ph. 571, 640: c. acc. cogn.,

κέλευθον τήνδε.. ἔστειλα A.Pers. 609

.

3 [voice] Med., set out upon a task,

στέλλεσθαι πρός τι Pl.Phlb. 50e

;

ἐπί τι Id.Sph. 230b

; ἐπ' αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο στελλώμεθα; Id.Lg. 892e;

ἐπὶ θήρας πόθον ἐστέλλου E.Hipp. 234

(anap.);

ἐπὶ τυραννίδ' ἐστάλης Ar.V. 487

.

III summon, fetch, bring a person to a place, S.OT 860, cf. OC 298, Ph. 623, 983;

ὑμᾶς ἔστειλ' ἱκέσθαι Id.Ant. 165

, cf. Ph.60, 495; [ ἐμπορίαν] Pl.Ep. 313e:—[voice] Med., σ' ἂν οἴκους τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἐστειλάμην I would have sent for thee.., S.OT 434:—[voice] Pass., Id.OC 550 (cj.).

b ἡ ὁδὸς εἰς Κόρινθον στέλλει leads to Corinth, Luc.Herm.27.

IV gather up, make compact, esp. as a nautical term, furl, take in,

ἱστία.. στεῖλαν Od.3.11

, 16.353;

στείλασα λαῖφος A.Supp. 723

:—[voice] Med.,

ἱστία μὲν στείλαντο Il.1.433

, cf. Call.Del. 320, Arist.Mech. 851b8: abs., στέλλεσθαι (sc. ἱστία) Teles p.10 H., Plb.6.44.6; so ἐπιστολάδην δὲ χιτῶνας ἐστάλατο they girded up, tucked up their clothes to work, Hes.Sc. 288, cf. A.R.4.45: abs.,

στειλάμενος σιγᾷς AP11.149

.

2 check, Epicur.Ep.1p.7U.; repress, Ph.2.274, etc.:—[voice] Med., Plb.8.20.4; λόγον στειλώμεθα draw in, shorten our words, i.e. not speak out the whole truth, E.Ba. 669; σ. τὸ συμβεβηκός hush it up, Plb.3.85.7; πρόσωπον στέλλεσθαι draw up one's face, look rueful, Phryn.PS p.107 B.

3 Medic., bind, make costive, τὰ στέλλοντα astringents, opp. τὰ καθαίροντα, Gal.1.221, cf. Alex.Aphr.Pr.Praef.:—[voice] Pass., φλέβες στέλλονται shrink up, Nic.Al. 193.

4 [voice] Med., restrict one's diet, οὔτ' ἂν ἀπόσχοιντο ὧν ἐπιθυμέουσιν, οὔτε στείλαιντο (v.l. ὑποστ-) Hp.VM5; στελλόμενοι τοῦτο avoiding this, 2 Ep.Cor.8.20;

στέλλεο Περσεφόνας ζᾶλον Supp.Epigr.2.615

([place name] Teos). (Cf. εὔσπολον, κασπολέω, σπολάς, σπόλος, σπελλάμεναι; prob. I.-E. sq[uglide]el-. but not found in cogn. languages; I.-E. st(h)el- is prob. found in OSlav. st[icaron]lati 'spread out', Lat. lātus (fr. *stlātus) 'broad', with which στέλλω may be cogn.)

συνίστημι, also [full] συνιστάνω (Plb.4.82.5, J.

A BJ Prooem.5, Sor.1.126 ([voice] Pass.)); [full] συνιστάω (Arist.GA 777a6, Pr. 928a9, Conon 48, 2 Ep.Cor. 6.4; [tense] impf.

συνίστα Plb.3.43.11

, dub. in D.H.8.18): [tense] impf. συνίστην, [tense] fut. συστήσω, [tense] aor. 1 συνέστησα: trans. [tense] pf. συνέστᾰκα, found only in later texts, PSI9.1035.14 (ii A.D.), S.E.M.7.109, AP11.139 (Lucill.), Iamb.VP35.261:—set together, combine,

τὰς χορδὰς ἀλλήλαις Pl.R. 412a

; τὰς ἄρκυς καὶ τὰ δίκτυα f.l. in X.Cyn.6.12.

II combine, associate, unite,

σ. τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἐπὶ τῇ Σπάρτῃ Hdt.6.74

, cf. 3.84;

Πελοποννήσου τὰ δυνατώτατα Th.6.16

; ταύτας (sc. τὰς πόλεις) Isoc. 5.30;

πόλεις πρὸς ἀλλήλας X.HG3.5.2

;

τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους ἐς ξυνωμοσίαν Th.8.48

;

τὰ πάντα ἀριθμοῖς S.E.M.7.109

.

b σ. Ἀσίην ἑωυτῷ unite Asia in dependence on himself, Hdt.1.103; μαντικὴν ἑωυτῷ συστῆσαι bring prophetic art into union with himself, i.e. win, acquire it, Id.2.49;

σ. τινὰ ἀντίπαλον ἑαυτῷ X.Cyr.6.1.26

;

σ. τισὶν ἡγεμόνα Plb.2.24.6

, cf. 3.42.6, 15.5.5.

III put together, organize, frame,

ζῷον ἔμψυχον Pl.Ti. 91a

;

τέχνην Id.Smp. 186e

; πρᾶγμα ὁτιοῦν ἐκ μοχθηρῶν καὶ χρηστῶν ς. Id.Plt. 308c;

σ. τὴν ὀλιγαρχίαν Th.8.48

;

ἐκ δημοκρατίας καὶ μοναρχίας τὴν πολιτείαν Arist.Pol. 1266a23

, cf. 1284b18; ἑταιρείαν Lex ap.D.46.26:—[voice] Med., τοῖς ἑτέραν αἵρεσιν (school)

συστησαμένοις Gal.15.505

; οἱ συνιστάμενοι τὰς τέχνας ib.449;

θεωρήματα συνίστασθαι Id.16.725

.

2 contrive,

σ. θάνατον ἐπί τινι Hdt.3.71

;

ἐφ' ἡμᾶς πόλεμον D.15.3

;

ἐπίθεσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας Arist.Pol. 1306b35

; σ. τιμάς settle prices, D.56.7.

3 [voice] Med. in these senses,

τὸ ὅλον συνίστασθαι Pl.Phdr. 269c

;

τὸ δεῖπνον Diph.43.5

: mostly [tense] aor. 1,

μὴ ἐκ χρηστῶν καὶ κακῶν ἀνθρώπων συστήσηται πόλιν Pl.Plt. 308d

;

οὐρανόν Id.Ti. 32b

; πᾶν τόδε ib. 69c, cf. R. 530a;

πόλεμον Isoc. 10.49

, Plb.2.1.1;

σ. μοι μάχην PTeb.44.14

(ii B.C.);

πολιορκίαν Plb. 1.30.5

;

κίνδυνον Id.3.106.4

;

παρατάξεις D.S.1.18

;

ἀντιλογίαν πρός με PGrenf.1.38.8

(ii/i B.C.), cf. PSI3.167.14 (ii B.C.), Mitteis Chr. 31 iv 21 (ii B.C.);

ἀηδίαν PLond.2.342.6

(ii A.D.), BGU22.15 (ii A.D.); οὐδένα λόγον συνισταμένη πρὸς ἡμᾶς rendering no account to us. PAmh.2.31.17 (ii B.C.), cf. PRein.18.33 (ii B.C.);

σ. ἀγῶνας Plu.Fab.19

;

ἑορτήν Apollod.3.14.6

; ναυτικὰς δυνάμεις, μισθοφόρους, Plb.1.25.5, 4.60.5; also, arrange in order of battle, rally, Id.3.43.11, dub. in D.H. 8.18.

4 Math., erect two straight lines from points on a given straight line so as to meet and form a triangle, in [voice] Pass., Arist.Mete. 376a2, b2, cf. Euc.1.7, Papp.106.12; of two arcs of great circles on a sphere, Id.476.19,22.

5 of an author, compose, μύθους, τὴν Ὀδύσσειαν, etc., Arist.Po. 1455a22, 1451a29, etc.

IV bring together as friends, introduce or recommend one to another,

τινάς τινι Pl.La. 200d

, cf. X.Smp.4.63; ἵνα τῳ τῶν.. σοφιστῶν.. συστήσω τουτονί, as a pupil, Pl.Thg. 122a;

τινὰ ἰατρῷ σ. περὶ τῆς ἀσθενείας Id.Chrm. 155b

;

σύστησον αὐτοὺς.. ὅπως πλέωσι PCair.Zen.2.2

(iii B.C.), cf. 195.6 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.6.2,3 (iii B.C., [voice] Act. and [voice] Pass.):—[voice] Pass.,

συνεστάθη Κύρῳ X.An.3.1.8

; Κύρῳ συσταθησόμενος ib.6.1.23, cf. PCair.Zen.447.1,11 (iii B.C.), Phld.Acad.Ind. p.49 M.; ἔχειν τινὰ συνεσταμένον, συνιστάμενον, regard him as introduced or recommended, POxy.787 (i A.D.), PHolm.p.42.

b recommend, secure approval of a course of action, SIG679.90 (Magn. Mae., ii B.C.):— [voice] Med., recommend persons for appointment, PLond.3.1249.7 (iv A.D.).

c τὸ οἰκεῖον συνιστάναι bring about intimacy, Men.602.

d place in the charge of,

συνέστησεν ὁ ἀρχιδεσμώτης τῷ Ἰωσὴφ αὐτούς LXX Ge.40.4

;

συνέστησά σοι Χαιράμμωνα δοῦλον πρὸς μάθησιν σημείων POxy.724.2

(ii A.D.).

e appoint to a charge, LXXNu.27.23; appoint a representative,

σ. ἀντ' ἐμαυτῆς τὸν ἕτερον ἐμοῦ ἀδελφόν PTeb.317.10

(ii A.D.);

συνέστησά σε φροντιοῦντά μου τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU300.3

, cf. 20 (ii A.D.):—[voice] Pass., Sammelb.4512.39 (ii B.C.);

ἐπίτροπος συσταθείς CPHerm.55.5

(iii A.D.);

συσταθεὶς συνήγορος Plu.2.840e

.

2 of a debtor, offer another as a guarantee,

τινί τινα Isoc.17.37

: c. inf., συστήσαντος ἀποδοῦναι introduce the party who was to pay, D.41.16, cf. ib.6: c. acc. rei, guarantee a loan, ἃς (sc. δραχμὰς)

συνέστησεν Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἀργυ (ρίου) PCair.Zen.326.167

(iii B.C.); ἃς (sc. δραχμὰς)

παρὰ Ἱέρωνος συνεστήσαμεν PMich.Zen. 61.28

(iii B.C.); Σέλευκός μου αὐτοὺς (sc. τοὺς τρεῖς στατῆρας)

ἐκκέκρουκε λέγων ὅτι συνέστακας ἑαυτῷ PFay.109.9

(i A.D.).

V make solid or firm, brace up,

τὸ σῶμα Hp.Aph.3.17

, cf. Thphr.CP1.8.3; σ. [τὰ ἴχνη] sets them, X.Cyn.5.3; ὑπὲρ τοῦ συνεστῶτος [τοῦ τείχους], i.e. the unbroken part, Jul.Or.2.64c; contract, condense, opp. διακρίνω or διαλύω, Arist.GC 336a4, Cael. 280a12; of liquids, make them congeal, curdle,

γάλα Poll.1.251

;

φλέγμα Hp.Vict.2.54

(v.l.): metaph., συστήσας τὸ πρόσωπον with a frown, Plu.2.152b.

VI exhibit, give proof of,

εὔνοιαν Plb.4.5.6

;

σ. ὅτι.. Id.3.108.4

: c. acc. et inf., D.S.14.45: c. part.,

σ. τινὰς ὄντας Id.13.91

.

2 prove, establish, Phld.Sign.4, Rh.1.112S.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. συνέστην: [tense] pf. συνέστηκα, part. συνεστηκώς, [var] contr. συνεστώς, ῶσα, ώς or ός (Pl.Ti. 56b), [dialect] Ion. συνεστεώς, εῶσα (neut. not found), Hdt.1.74, 6.108: [tense] fut.

συσταθήσομαι X.An.6.1.23

, Arist.Mete. 376a2; [tense] fut.[voice] Med.

ξυστήσομαι A.Th. 435

, 509, 672, Pl.Ti. 54c: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. συνεστάθην [ᾰ] X.An.3.1.8, al., PCair.Zen.447.1,11 (iii B.C.), PTeb.27.35 (ii B.C.), etc.:— stand together, περὶ τὸν τρίποδα (of statues) Hdt.8.27; opp. διίστασθαι, X.Cyn.6.16; of soldiers, form in order of battle, Id.An.5.7.16, 6.5.28, al.; συστάντες ἁθρόοι ib.7.3.47.

II in hostile sense, to be joined, of battle, once in Hom.,

πολέμοιο συνεσταότος Il.14.96

;

τῆς μάχης συνεστεώσης Hdt.1.74

;

πόλεμος ξυνέστη Th.1.15

, cf. Hdt.7.144, 8.142;

περὶ ταῦτα μάχη τις συνέστηκεν Pl.Sph. 246c

; τοῦτο συνεστήκεε this combat continued, Hdt.7.225.

2 of persons, συνίστασθαί τινι meet in fight, be cngaged with, A.Th. 509, Hdt.6.108, Ar.V. 1031;

θνατὸς δ' ἀθανάτῳ συστήσομαι AP5.92

(Rufin.);

τινὶ ξ... ἐν μάχῃ E.Supp. 847

;

ξυσταθέντα διὰ μάχης Id.Ph. 755

;

συνεστάναι μαχομένους Hdt.1.214

;

συνέστασαν χρόνον ἐπὶ πολλόν Id.6.29

: metaph., συνεστήκεε δὲ ταύτῃ τῇ γνώμῃ ἡ Γωβρύεω was at odds with.., Id.4.132: abs., συνεστηκότων τῶν στρατηγῶν when the generals were at issue, Id.8.79;

γνῶμαι μὲν αὗται συνέστασαν Id.1.208

, cf. 7.142; συνίσταται ἐπ' ἐμέ makes a dead set at me, Men.Sam. 211.

3 to be involved or implicated in a thing, λιμῷ, πόνῳ, λιμῷ καὶ καμάτῳ, Hdt.7.170, 8.74, 9.89;

ἀλγηδόνος ᾇ ξυνέστας S.OC 514

(lyr.);

συνεστῶτες ἀγῶνι ναυτικῷ Th.4.55

; καρτερᾷ μάχῃ ib.96.

III of friends, form a league or union, band together, Id.6.21,33, etc.; κατὰ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ξ. Id.2.88;

ἀλλήλοις X.HG2.1.1

; ξυνίστασθαι πρὸς ἑκατέρους league themselves with one side or the other, Th.1.1, cf. 15;

μετά τινος D.34.34

, etc.; ἐπί τινας against them, Lys.22.17, cf. 30.10 (abs.); καί μ' οὐ λέληθεν οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει ξυνιστάμενον no conspiracy, Ar.Eq. 863, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.2; οἱ συνιστάμενοι the conspirators, Ar.Lys. 577 (anap.);

τὸ ξυνεστηκός Th.8.66

.

2 generally, to be connected or allied, as by marriage, c. acc. cogn.,

λέχος Ἡρακλεῖ ξυστᾶσα S.Tr.28

: in magic,

συνιστάνου.. τοῖς.. θεοῖς

put yourself into connexion with.., PMag. Leid.W.

1.29

;

συσταθεὶς πρὸ<ς> τὸν ἥλιον PMag.Par.1.168

: in law,

Αὐρηλία Βησοῦς μετὰ συνεστῶτος Αὐρηλίου Θέωνος A.

B. acting with A. T., POxy.912.4 (iii A.D.), cf. Sammelb.7338.5 (iii/iv A.D.).

3 of an assembly, to be in session,

ἔτι τῆς ἐκκλησίας συνεστώσης Plu. Nic.28

; τῆς τῶν Νεμείων πανηγύρεως ς. Id.Phil.11;

οἱ τὴν σύνοδον συνεσταμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐν Σήτει ἱερόν OGI111.25

(Egypt, ii B.C.).

IV to come or be put together, of parts,

συνιστάμεν' ἄλλοθεν ἄλλα Emp. 35.6

, cf. E.Fr.910.6 (anap.), Pl.R. 530a;

ἐπειδὴ πάντα συνειστήκει X.Cyr.6.1.54

;

σ. ἐξ ὀλιγίστων μερῶν Pl.Ti. 56b

, cf. 54c; ἡ πόλις ἐξ οἰκιῶν ς. X.Mem.3.6.14; ἐξ ὧν ὁ κόσμος ς. Arist.EN 1141b2; esp. in military sense, ξυνεστὼς στρατός an organized army, E.IA 87; ἱππικὸν συνεστηκός an organized force of cavalry, X.An.7.6.26; τὸ συνεστηκὸς στράτευμα the organized force, D.8.17,46.

b of a play, to be composed, Arist.Po. 1453b4; ἡ πολιτεία (compared to a tragedy)

συνέστηκε μίμησις τοῦ καλλίστου βίου Pl.Lg. 817b

.

c arise, take shape or body,

τὸ συνιστάμενον κακόν D.18.62

, cf. 6.35;

πόλις οὕτω συστᾶσα Pl.R. 546a

; ἐνταῦθα συνίστανται [ψύλλαι] Arist. HA 556b26, cf. Thphr.CP4.4.10, Sor.2.37, al., Gal.Vict.Att.9; σ. ἀπό τινος arise from.., Phld.Ir.p.76W.

d in [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf., come into existence, exist,

μεγάλη συνέστη δύναμις βασιλέων Pl.Ti. 25a

;

συμμαχία ἡ περὶ Κόρινθον συστᾶσα Isoc.4.142

;

τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς τῶν γενημάτων συναγωγῆς συνεστηκότος PSI3.173.12

(ii B.C.);

κεχωρίσθαι ἀπ' ἀλλήλων τῆς συστάσης αὐτοῖς συμβιώσεως BGU1102.9

(i B.C.);

οἰκία.. σὺν τοῖς συνεστῶσι μέτροις καὶ πηχισμοῖς καὶ συνεστῶσι θεμελίοις Sammelb.5247.6

,11 (i A.D.).

V to be compact, solid, firm,

οὔτε σκιδνάμενον οὔτε συνιστάμενον Parm.2.4

; συνεστῶτα σώματα, of animals in good condition, X.Cyn.7.8, cf. Pl.Ti. 83a; acquire substance or consistency, of eggs, Arist.HA 567a28; of blood, honey, milk, ib. 516a5, 554a6, Hp.Vict.2.51; of the embryo,

συνίσταται καὶ λαμβάνει τὴν οἰκείαν μορφήν Arist.GA 733b20

; of the brain, ib. 744a22; of the bowels, Hp.Epid.3.17.ά, Coac. 589; ῥεῦμα συνεστηκός concentrated, Id.Medic.7; συνεστηκυῖα χιών congealed, frozen, Plb.3.55.2.

VI to be contracted, συνεστῶτι τῷ προσώπῳ frowning, Plu. Demetr.17; τοῦ ξυνεστῶτος φρενῶν (cf.

σύστασις B. 11.3

) E.Alc. 797; συνεστηκώς absorbed in thought, Men.Pk. 291.

VII συνέστηκε c. acc. et inf., it is well known that.., = Lat. constat, Marcian.Peripl.1 Prooem.

VIII to be weighed together,

συνεστάθη Inscr.Délos 1423

Aai17, 1429Bi3 (ii B.C.).