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1 ψῆφος
Aψηφάων Man.4.448
: ([etym.] ψάω):—a small round worn stone, pebble,ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα Pi.O. 10(11).9
; οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν ib.13.46; ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις, opp. μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας, Hdt. 3.12; ψ. ἄμμου a grain of sand, LXXSi.18.10.2 precious stone, gem, Philostr.VA3.27; esp. worn in a ring, Luc.DMeretr.9.II acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles:1 pebble used for reckoning, counter, λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις calculate or reckon by abacus, cipher, Hdt.2.36, etc.: hence to reckon exactly or accurately, opp. ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ., Ar.V. 656 (anap.);οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους D.18.229
;ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν A.Ag. 570
;ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι E.Rh. 309
: metaph.,ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας Plb.2.47.5
: hence ψῆφος itself for a cipher, number, πὸτ ἄρτιον (sc. ἀριθμὸν)ποτθέμειν.. ψᾶφον Epich.170
: pl., accounts, καθαραὶ ψ., where there is an exact balance, D.18.227;οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ.
calculators,Alciphr.
1.26;ψήφων ἄπειρος Plu.2.812e
; δακτυλικὴ ψ. reckoning on the fingers, AP11.290 (Pall.); of astrological calculations, Vett.Val.10.15, al.b in Magic, κατέχων τὴν ψ. (i. e. the object on which the number is written) λέγε .. PMag.Par.1.1048, cf. 937.5 pebble used in voting,ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι Hdt.9.55
;ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ... ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι D.59.89
: hence, the vote itself, ψῆφον φέρειν give one's vote,ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες A.Eu. 680
, cf. And.1.2, D.57.61, etc.;ὑπέρ τινος Lycurg.7
;περί τινος Id.11
, etc.;ψήφου φορά E.Supp. 484
; ψῆφον τίθεσθαι, = ψηφίζεσθαι, Hdt.8.123, cf. 6.57;εἰς τεῦχος.. ψήφους ἔθεντο A.Ag. 816
; c. inf., Hdt.3.73;ψ. προσθέσθαι Th.1.40
; ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν to determine by vote, A.Eu. 630; ψήφῳ κρίνειν, Th.1.87, etc.;μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. Pl.Ap. 36b
, cf. Lex ap.D.21.47: in collect. sense, ἐχρῆν.. ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι a vote is taken, Antipho 5.47;ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. Lys.13.37
;ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. D.19.66
; οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ. a majority of votes, Pl.Lg. 759d: τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν to put the vote or question, of the president, Th.1.119, 125;ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος IG22.222.24
, cf. D.21.188;ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος App.BC1.100
; soψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν D.19.65
; διένεμον (vv. ll. διενέμοντο, ἔφερον) τὰς ψ. were casting their votes, Hdt.8.123; ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς with one accord, Ar.Lys. 270; ψ. φανερά open voting,ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν Th.4.74
;τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι Lys.13.37
, cf. Pl.Lg. 767d, 855d; opp. ψ. ἀφανής voting by ballot, Aeschin.3.233;κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν Arist. Rh.Al. 1433a23
, cf. 1424b2, Ath.69.1.b that which is carried by vote, a vote, ψ. καταγνώσεως a vote of condemnation, Th.3.82; ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς a vote of banishment was moved for against him, X.An.7.7.57, cf. A.Th. 198;ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι Id.Supp.7
(anap.):—hence,c any resolve or decree,ψ. τυράννων S.Ant.60
; λιθίνα ψᾶφος a decree written on stone, Pi.O.7.87; διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς [the oak] gives judgement of itself, Id.P.4.265; ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν, i. e. public opinion, Cratin.57 (lyr.); τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο; what judgment.. ? Pl.Prt. 330c, cf. R. 450a;ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. Id.Phlb. 57a
.d Ἀθηνᾶς ψ., calculus Minervae, prov. phrase to express acquittal, when the votes were even, Philostr.VS2.3.e ψ. is sts. omitted,κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται Ar.Ra. 685
(lyr.);πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.
Bis Acc.18, cf. 22.f Διὸς ψῆφος (ψῆφοι Hsch.
), prov. ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων, of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, Suid., etc.g Κόννου ψ., negligible quantity, cipher, Ar.V. 675 (anap.), cf. Κοννᾶς.7 metaph., influence,πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα Lib.Or.18.13
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2 συνθηματικός
A by preconcerted signs, σ. γράμματα writings in cipher, Plb.8.16.9. Adv. - κῶς in cipher, Id.8.17.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνθηματικός
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3 κέντημα
2 prick, dot in a cipher, Aen.Tact.31.30 (pl.).II wound inflicted, sting,κ. γλώσσης A.Fr. 169
; of poisonous bites, Philum.Ven. 27.2, al.: in pl., punishment, Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κέντημα
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4 παράγραμμα
A that which one writes beside: additional clause,προσπαραγράφειν π. D.39.9
.II in cipher, substitute for a letter, Aen.Tact.31.18.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παράγραμμα
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5 σύνθημα
A anything agreed upon, preconcerted signal, Hdt. 8.7; given by means of a beacon-fire, Th.4.112; συνθήματα εἶναι τὰ ὀνόματα that names are conventional signs, Pl.Cra. 433e; τὰ παρὰ φύσιν ς. Id.Grg. 492c; so δέλτοι ἐγγεγραμμένην ξυνθήμαθ' having ciphers inscribed upon it, S.Tr. 158; dispatches or letters in cipher, Plb.8.15.9; military signal-code, Ph.Bel.90.45, al.; cf. συνθηματικός.2 password, Hdt.9.98, Th.7.44, etc.; σ. παρέρχεται the word is passed round, X.An.1.8.16, cf. 6.5.25; σ. παραδιδόναι to pass it, ib.7.3.34;σ. παρφέροντι E.Ph. 1140
; παραγγέγγειν, παρεγγυῆσαι, X. An.1.8.16, Cyr.7.1.10; signal for battle,τοῦ σ. δοθέντος Plu.Sull.28
;ἐνδιδόναι Luc.Salt.10
.3 any token or sign,ξυμφορᾶς ξ. ἐμῆς S.OC 46
; τὰ Θησέως Πειρίθου τε.. ξυνθήματα the tokens or pledges of their compact, ib. 1594; = Lat. tessera, Plb.6.34.8; passport, Jul.Ep.13; symbol, Dam.Pr. 210, 213; τῆς τελετῆς τὸ ς. IG3.173 (iv A.D.).4 = συνθῆκαι, agreement, covenant,σ. ποιήσασθαι X.An.4.6.20
;σ. ἦν.. παίειν Id.HG5.4.6
; ἀπὸ συνθήματος by agreement, Hdt.5.74, Th.4.67, 6.61, etc.; so ἐκ ς. Hdt.6.121; ἀφ' ἑνὸς ς. Plu.Aem.19; ὑφ' ἑνὶ ς. Hdn.2.13.4.II communion, connexion, τί σ. ἀσπίδι καὶ βακτηρίᾳ; Ath.5.215e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύνθημα
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6 ἀπόρρητος
ἀπό-ρρητος, ον,A forbidden, ἀπόρρητον πόλει though it was forbidden to the citizens, S.Ant.44, cf. E.Ph. 1668;τἀπόρρητα δρᾶν Ar.Fr. 622
; τὰ ἀ. forbidden exports, τἀ. ἐξάγειν, ἀποπέμπειν, Id.Eq. 282, Ra. 362; Lg..932c;πράξεις ἀ. Phld.Ir.p.54
W.II not to be spoken, secret, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι make a secret of, Hdt.9.94; esp. of state secrets, Ar.Eq. 648;ἐν-τῳ ποιεῖσθαι X.An.7.6.43
;τἀπόρρητα ποιοῦνται Lys.12.69
;ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀπορρήτων τοῦ βασιλέως Plu.Luc.17
, cf. OGI 371; ὁ τῶν ἀ. γραμματεύς, = a secretis, Procop.Pers.2.7; ἀπόρρητα ποιεύμενος πρὸς μηδένα λέγειν ὑμέας keep them secret so that you tell them not to any one, Hdt.9.45; ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ τὴν ἀλήθειαν λέγειν tell as a secret, Pl.Tht. 152c;ἐν ἀ. εἰδέναι And.2.19
; φυλάττειν ἐν ἀπορρήτοις keep as a secret, Arist.Fr. 662; ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ ξυλλαμβάνειν arrest secretly, And.1.45; δι' ἀπορρήτων ἐξαγγέλλειν, ἀκούειν, Lycurg.85, Pl.R. 378a; ;τἀπόρρητ' οἶδεν Id.21.200
; ὁ ἐν ἀπορρήτοις λεγόμενος λόγος of the esoteric doctrines of the Pythagoreans, Pl.Phd. 62b;τὰ ἀ. τῆς κατὰ τὰ μυστήρια τελετῆς SIG 873.9
(Eleusis, ii A.D.); ἐν ἀπορρήτοις in cipher, D.S.15.20: [comp] Comp.- ότερος Paus.2.17.4
, Philostr.VA6.19.2 of sacred things, ineffable, secret, ; ;τἀπόρρητ'.. ἐκφέρειν Ar.Ec. 442
, cf. Pherecr.133;ἐνεργείας Jul.Or.4.151b
.b γόης καὶ ἀ. a 'man of mystery', Philostr.VA8.7.9.3 unfit to be spoken, abominable, Lys.10.2;ἀ. ἀδικίαι Pl.Lg. 854e
;τίς οὐκ οἶδεν.. τὰς ἀπορρήτους, ὥσπερ ἐν τραγῳδίᾳ, τὰς τούτου γονάς; D.21.149
; of foul abuse,κακῶς τὰ ἀπόρρητα λέγειν ἀλλήλους Id.18.123
, etc.; in [dialect] Att. Law of words (e.g. ῥίψασπις) whose use was punishable, Isoc.20.3.4 of words, not in common use,ἀ. καὶ ἔξω πάτου Luc.Hist. Conscr. 44
.5 τὰ ἀπόρρητα, = τὰ αἰδοῖα, Plu.2.284a, cf. Ar.Ec.12, Longin. 43.5.III Adv. ineffably, inexpressibly,Philostr.
VS 2.18; conertly,ἀπορρήτως τὰ γραφόμενα κατεχλεύαζε διὰ τῆς εἰκόνος Eun.Hist.p.263
D.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπόρρητος
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7 ἀριθμός
ἀριθμός [ᾰ], (Aἁρ- IG1.164
), ὁ, number, first in Od.,λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν 4.451
;ἀριθμῷ παῦρα Semon.3
;ἓν ἀριθμῷ Hdt.3.6
;ἀριθμὸν ἕξ Id.1.14
, cf. 50;ἐς τὸν ἀ. τρισχίλια Id.7.97
; πλῆθος ἐς ἀ. the amount in point of number, ib.60;τὸν ἀ. δώδεκα Euphro11.11
;δύο τινὲς ἢ τρεῖς.. εἰς τὸν ἀ. Men.165
;ἔλαττον μήτε ὄγκῳ μήτε ἀριθμῷ Pl.Tht. 155a
; ;σταθμῷ καὶ ἀ. X. Smp.4.45
;δι' ἀ. καὶ μέτρου Plu.Per.16
, cf. E.Tr. 620: prov., λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν 'count the pebbles on the shore', Pi.O.13.46, cf. 2.98; οὐ γιγνώσκων ψήφων ἀριθμούς, of a blockhead, Ephipp. 19;οὔτ' ἀριθμὸν οὔτ' ἔλεγχον.. ἔχων Dionys.Com.3.13
.2 amount, sum,πολὺς ἀ. χρόνου Aeschin.1.78
;ἀ. τῆς ὁδοῦ X.An.2.2.6
; ἀ. [χρυσίου] a sum of money, Id.Cyr.8.2.16.3 ἀριθμῷ, abs., in certain numbers, Hdt.6.58; but by tale,Th.
2.72;ἀ. διδόναι Dionys.Com.3.6
.4 item or term in a series, ;τρίτον ὠδίνων ἀ. Epigr.Gr.574
;ναῦς πολλοὺς ἀ. ἄγνυται ναυαγίων E.Hel. 410
, cf. Arist.Po. 1461b24; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ σώματος points of the body, Pl.Lg. 668d;τοὺς ἀ. ἑκάστου τῶν νοσημάτων Hp.Acut. 3
;τὸ καλὸν ἐκ πολλῶν ἀ. ἐπιτελεῖσθαι Plu.2.45c
: hence as a mark of completeness,πάντας τοὺς ἀ. περιλαβών Isoc.11.16
; τοῦ καθήκοντος τοὺς ἀριθμούς the sum total of duty, M.Ant.3.1.5 number, account, as a mark of station, worth, rank, μετ' ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ takes his place among men, Od.11.449;εἰς ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὐ τελοῦσιν ἀ. E.Fr. 492
;εἰς ἀ. τῶν κακῶν πεφύκαμεν Id.Hec. 1186
; ξενίας ἀριθμῷ πρῶτ' ἔχειν ἐμῶν φίλων in regard of friendship, ib. 794; δειλοὶ γὰρ ἄνδρες οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐν μάχῃ ἀριθμόν have no account made of them, Id.Fr. 519; οὐδ' εἰς ἀ. ἥκει λόγων she comes not into my account, Id.El. 1054;ἀ. οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ λόγος ἐστί τινος Plu.2.682f
, cf. Call.Epigr.27.6, Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48.6 mere number, quantity, opp. quality, ταῦτ' οὐκ ἀ. ἐστιν, ὦ πάτερ, λόγων a mere set of words, S.OC 382; of men, οὐκ ἀ. ἄλλως not a mere lot, E.Tr. 476;ἀριθμός, πρόβατ' ἄλλως Ar. Nu. 1203
; sometimes even of a single man, οὐκ ἀριθμὸν ἀλλ' ἐτητύμως ἄνδρ' ὄντα not a mere unit, E.Heracl. 997; also ἀριθμὸν πληροῦν to be a mere cipher, Chor.Milt.66.II numbering, counting, μάσσων ἀριθμοῦ past counting, Pi.N.2.23; esp. in phrases, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι τῶν νεῶν to hold a muster of.., Hdt.8.7;ποιεῖν X.An.7.1.7
, etc.; παρεῖναι εἰς τὸν ἀ. ib.II; εἴ τι δυνατὸν ἐς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν can be stated in numbers, Th.2.72.III the science of numbers, arithmetic,ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων A.Pr. 459
; ;ἀ. καὶ λογισμὸν εὑρεῖν Pl.Phdr. 274c
, cf. R. 522c: prov.,εἴπερ γὰρ ἀριθμὸν οἶδα E.Fr.360.19
.IV in Philos., abstract number, Arist.Cat. 4b23, Metaph. 990a19, al.; ἀ. μαθηματικός ib. 1090b35; ἀ. οὐσιώδης, opp. τοῦ ποσοῦ, Plot.5.5.4; ἀ. ἑνιαῖος, οὐσιώδης, ἑτεροῖος, Dam.Pr. 228.V Gramm., number, Stoic.3.214, D.T.634.16, A.D.Synt.32.2,al.; cf. ἑνικός, δυικός, πληθυντικός.X sum of numerical values of letters in a name, Apoc.13.17,al.; φιλῶ ἧς ἀριθμὸς φμέ Pompeian Inscr. in Rend.Linc.10(1901).257.XI unit of troops, = Lat. numerus, CIG 5187 (vi A. D.), BGU 673 (vi A. D.), etc.; = legio, Jul.ad Ath.280d, Zos.5.26, PLond. 5.1711.69 (vi A. D.).XII Astrol., mostly in pl., degrees traversed in a given time, Ptol.Tetr. 112, Doroth. in Cat.Cod.Astr.6.107.30; τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀ. at her normal speed, of the moon, Gal.19.531; also of degrees of latitude, Heph.Astr.2.8,3.1.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀριθμός
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8 ἐπισημασία
ἐπι-σημᾰσία, ἡ,A marking, notice,ἄξιος ἐπισημασίας Plb.39.1.1
;τυχεῖν -ασίας Id.30.1.2
, cf. Phld. Rh.1.12 S., al., etc.;ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους ἐ. εὐνοϊκῆς τυγχάνειν Plb.6.6.8
; pl., acclamations, Cic.Att.1.16.11,cf.14.3.2(sg.): in bad sense,- ασίαςἔτυχεν ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου κεραυνωθείς D.S.16.83
.II. marking of lettersin a cipher, Aen.Tact.31.3.III. symptom,and hence access of an illness, Gal.7.426, 10.604, Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.130; signs of the seasons, Epicur.Ep.2p.43U., Plb.1.37.4, D.S.1.49, Placit.2.19.1(pl.); indication of weather to be expected, Ptol.Phas.p.11 H.(pl.),al.2. pl., changes in the weather, Stoic.3.184, Gp.7.10.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπισημασία
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9 στίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stitch, to tattoo, to brand' (IA.).Derivatives: 1. στίγ-μα n. `stitch, mark, brand' (Hes. Sc. 166, IA.), also = δίγαμμα (Ϝ) as cipher for 6 (attempt at explanation by Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2,53) with - ματίας m. `branded one' (IA.). 2. ( ἐπι-, δια-) στιγ-μή f. `mar, spot, point, tittle' (IA.) with - μιαῖος `including just one point, without extension' (hell. a. late); - μός m. `stitch, brand' (A. in lyr.). 3. στίξις ( διά- στίζω) f. `the stitching' (late). 4. στιγ-εύς m. `stitcher, brander' (Hdt.), `brand-iron' (Suid.), prob. directly from verb (after Bosshardt 54 from *στιγή); thus 5. - ων, - ωνος m. `branded one' (Ar. Fr. 97). 6. - ος (- ον) m. (n.) `point' (Archim.). 7. στίκ-της m. `stitcher, brander' (Herod.). 8. - τός ( κατά- στίζω) 'spotted, variegated' (trag., Arist. etc.). 9. As 2. member περιστιγής `variegated' (Nic.).Etymology: The regularly built Greek system is based on a not further identifiable IE basis. Nearest is the Germ. word for `stich' in Goth. stiks, OHG stih, OS stiki, OE stice, PGm. * stik-i- m. with i-enlargement from IE * stig- in στίζω (from *στίγ-ι̯ω), στίξαι. Beside it in Latin partly a nasalpresent in in-, di-stinguō (-u- secondary) `incite' resp. `(stitch apart' \>) `separate, distinguish', partly a secondary formation in in-stĩgō. - āre `incite' (from * steig-). Oldindian gives several cognates, all without initial s-; the primary forms are however rare. Note the full grade present téjate `be sharp' (IE * teigetoi) with verbal adj. tik-ta- (: στικτός; ní-tikta-'instigatus'), tig-má- `pointed, sharp' (: στιγ-μή). -- Further forms from several languages, not interesting for Greek, in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 612ff., Pok. 1016f., W.-Hofmann s. instīgō w. rich lit. By στίζω another old verb for `sting' was replaced, of which however representatives are maintained in πικρός, ποικίλος (s. vv.).Page in Frisk: 2,797-798Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στίζω
См. также в других словарях:
Cipher — Ci pher, n. [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar. [,c]ifrun, [,c]afrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr. [,c]afira to be empty. Cf. {Zero}.] [1913 Webster] 1. (Arith.) A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
cipher — UK [ˈsaɪfə(r)] / US [ˈsaɪfər] or cypher UK / US noun Word forms cipher : singular cipher plural ciphers 1) [countable/uncountable] a secret system of writing, used for sending messages so that no one can understand them unless they know the… … English dictionary
Cipher — Ci pher, a. Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. Twelve cipher bishops. Milton. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
cipher — [sī′fər] n. [ME cifre < OFr cyfre < ML cifra < Ar ṣifr, ṣefr, a cipher, nothing < ṣafara, to be empty] 1. the symbol 0, indicating a value of zero 2. a person or thing of no importance or value 3. a) a system of secret writing based… … English World dictionary
Cipher — Ci pher, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ciphered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ciphering}.] To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic. [1913 Webster] T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cipher — Ci pher, v. t. 1. To write in occult characters. [1913 Webster] His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward. [1913 Webster] 2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer. [1913 Webster] 3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak. [1913 Webster]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
cipher — [n] zero; nothingness blank, diddly squat*, goose egg*, insignificancy, nada*, naught, nil, nobody, nonentity, nothing, nought, nullity, squat, zilch, zip, zippo*, zot*; concepts 668,787 cipher [v] figure out code break, calculate, clear up,… … New thesaurus
cipher — index blank (emptiness), calculate, designation (symbol), indicant, nonentity Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton … Law dictionary
cipher — is the recommended spelling, not cypher … Modern English usage
cipher — (also cypher) ► NOUN 1) a code. 2) a key to a code. 3) an unimportant person or thing. 4) dated a zero. ► VERB ▪ encode (a message). ORIGIN Old French cifre, from Arab … English terms dictionary
Cipher — For other uses, see Cipher (disambiguation). Edward Larsson s rune cipher resembling that found on the Kensington Runestone. Also includes runically unrelated blackletter writing style and pigpen cipher. In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is… … Wikipedia