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castris

  • 1 Castris

    n геогр. н.
    м. Кастрі

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > Castris

  • 2 castrum

    castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].
    I.
    In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):

    ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —
    B.
    Esp., nom. propr.
    1.
    Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—
    2.
    Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;

    called Castrum,

    Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —
    3.
    Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—
    4.
    Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—
    5.
    Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;

    also called Truentum,

    Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—
    6.
    Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).
    A.
    Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);

    later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,

    Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;

    Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,

    Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—
    b.
    Phrases.
    (α).
    With adj.:

    stativa,

    occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:

    aestiva,

    summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:

    hiberna,

    Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):

    navalia,

    an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;

    called also nautica,

    Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:

    una,

    Tac. A. 4, 2:

    bina,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:

    quina,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—
    (β).
    With verb:

    locum castris antecapere,

    Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:

    capere locum castris,

    Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;

    and montes castris capere,

    Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:

    facere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:

    ponere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:

    ponere et munire,

    Sall. J. 75, 7:

    munire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:

    communire,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:

    castra castris conferre,

    id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:

    castris se tenere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:

    castra movere,

    to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    movere retro,

    Liv. 2, 58, 3:

    removere,

    id. 9, 24, 4:

    proferre,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

    castris castra inferre,

    Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—
    c.
    Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —
    d.
    Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —
    B.
    Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.
    1.
    Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
    2.
    Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—
    3.
    Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—
    4.
    Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—
    5.
    Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—
    6.
    Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—
    C.
    Meton.
    1.
    Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:

    secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,

    Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:

    alteris castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—

    So tertiis castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:

    quartis castris,

    Liv. 44, 46, 10:

    quintis castris,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:

    septimis castris,

    id. 40, 22, 1:

    decimis castris,

    id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—
    2.
    Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:

    qui magnum in castris usum habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—
    3.
    Of beehives:

    cerea,

    Verg. A. 12, 589:

    in apium castris,

    Pall. 1, 37, 4.—
    4.
    Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—
    5.
    Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:

    si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,

    Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—
    6.
    Of philosophical sects:

    Epicuri castra,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

    O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!

    id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castrum

  • 3 castrum

    castrum, ī, n. (Etymol. unsicher, s. Walde2 S. 139), ein eingeschlossener, befestigter Raum; dah. I) Sing., ein gegen feindliche Angriffe mit Mauern od. Schanzen umgebener Ort, das Kastell, Fort, die Festung, Nep. Alc. 9, 3. Callistr. dig. 27, 1, 17. § 7. – Öfter als nom. propr., Castrum, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentlich: 1) Castrum Album (al. Altum), Ort im tarrakon. Hispanien, viell. identisch mit Ἄκρα Λευκή, Liv. 24, 41, 3. – 2) C. Inui, ein verfallener Ort der Rutuler in Latium, zwischen Ardea u. Antium, am Meere, wo Inuus od. Pan gewohnt haben soll, Verg. Aen. 6, 775; u. dass. bl. Castrum, Ov. met. 15, 727. Sil. 8, 359. Rutil. Nam. 1, 227; vgl. Müller-Deecke, Etrusker 2, 63; u. dav. Castrānus, a, um, kastranisch, rura, Mart. 4, 60, 1. – 3) C. Novum, a) röm. Kolonie an der etrurischen Küste, j. Marinello, Liv. 36, 3, 6. Mela 2, 4, 9 (2. § 72). – b) Stadt an der Küste von Picenum, j. Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 110: u. bl. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8. – 4) C. Truentinum od. Truentum, Ort in Picenum, j. Torre Segura, Pompei. b. Cic. ad Att. 8, 12 (13), 1. – 5) C. Vergium (Bergium), fester Ort der Vergestaner, j. Verga, Liv. 34, 21, 1. – II) Plur., castra, ōrum, n., A) eig.: 1) im allg.: das Feldlager, Kriegslager, Lager, das (urspr. ein Viereck [quadrata], später zuw. kreisförmig od. der Örtlichkeit angemessen) mit einem Graben (fossa) u. hinter diesem nach innen zu mit einem Wall (vallum), auf dem Palisaden (pali) eingerammt waren, umgeben war, c. stativa, für längere Zeit bezogen, Standlager, Cic.: aestiva, Sommerlager, Suet.: hiberna, Winterlager, Liv.: navalia, ein Lager am Ufer zur Deckung der Schiffe u. der ans Land kommenden Truppen, zuw. mit den ans Land gezogenen Schiffen verbunden, Caes. u. Liv.; auch c. nautica gen., Nep.: c. quadrata vel rotunda vel trigona vel oblonga, Veget. mil.: c. lunata, halbmondförmiges, Auct. b. Afr.: c. bina, Liv. – castra metari, s. mētor.: castra ponere, Liv., od. locare, Cic., od. collocare, Cic. (auch bildl. castra luxuriae collocare, Cic. Verr. 5, 96), od. facere, Cic., od. constituere, Auct. b. Hisp.: c. munire, Caes., od. communire, Liv., ponere et munire, Sall.: conferre castra cum hoste, castra oppido, castra castris, s. cōn-fero no. I, 4, a, β: castra castris convertere (vertauschen), Caes.: castra habere prope muros, Cic., od. in radicibus Amani, Cic., od. ad portas, Caes.: c. habere contra alqm, gegen jmd. im Felde stehen, Caes.: c. proferre, Caes.: c. movere (loco), das L. abbrechen, auch übh. aufbrechen, fortmarschieren, weiterrücken, Caes., Liv. u.a.: castra movere ab od. ex alqo loco, Cic. u. Caes.: castra movere Arretium versus, Cic.: c. promovere, vorwärts marschieren, -gehen, -rücken, Caes.: c. movere retro od. removere, rückwärts marschieren, zurückgehen, Liv.: exercitum castris non movere, Liv.: c. referre, zurück verlegen, weiter rückwärts aufschlagen, Liv.: castra temptare (v. Feinde), Sen.: hostem castris exuere, das Lager nehmen, erbeuten, Liv.: castra hostium diripere, Curt.: se in castra recipere Caes.: cum alqo in castra proficisci, Nep.: castra alcis sequi, jmdm. in den Krieg folgen (= unter jmd. dienen), Nep.: in castris esse cum alqo, jmd. auf seinen Kriegszügen begleiten, Nep. – im Bilde, wie unser Lager, einer Partei, in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 83: bes. einer philos. Sekte, in Epicuri nos adversarii nostri castra coniecimus, Cic.: soleo in aliena castra transire, nec tamquam transfuga, sed tamquam explorator, Sen.: nil cupientium castra peto, Hor. – in Titeln, Castrorum Filius, ein Titel des Kaisers Kaligula, weil er im Lager geboren u. erzogen war; dann auch anderer Kaiser, Suet. u. Inscr. – Castrorum Pater als Titel der spätern Kaiser, Inscr. – so Castrorum Mater, Titel der Faustina, die ihren Gemahl M. Antoninus Philosophus ins Feld begleitete, und späterhin mehrerer Kaiserinnen, Capitol. – 2) insbes.: a) die Kaserne der Prätorianer in der Vorstadt Roms, Suet. u. Tac.; vollst. c. praetoriana, Suet., od. c. praetoria, Capitol. u. Aur. Vict. – b) das Hoflager, die Hofhaltung, der Hofstaat des Kaisers, Iuven. 4, 135. Spart. Hadr. 13, 7; s. Heinrich Iuven. 4, 135. Gothofr. Cod. Theod. tom. 2. p. 227. – c) als nom. propr., Castra, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentl.: C. Corneliana od. Cornelia, ins Meer auslaufende Anhöhe zwischen Utika u. dem Fluß Bagrada, wo Scipio Africanus im zweiten punischen Kriege landete, Caes. b. c. 2, 24, 2. Mela 1, 7, 2 (1. § 34): auch Castra Scipionis gen., Oros. 4, 22. – C. Postumiana, Ort in Hispania Baetica, Auct. b. Hisp. 8. § 8. – 3) übtr.: α) v. Bienenstocke, cerea, Verg. Aen. 12, 589: apium, Pallad. 1, 37, 4. – β) v. Standquartier der Hirten, stabulariorum, Col. 6, 23, 3. – B) meton.: 1) = Tagesmarsch (bei den Histor.), secundis castris pervenit ad Dium, Liv.: inde alteris castris ad oppidum Catabolum pervenit, Curt.: tertiis castris Ancyram pervenit, Liv.: tertiis castris Rigodulum venit, Tac.: quartis castris ad Insulam pervenit, Liv.: ex eo quintis castris Gergoviam pervenit, Caes. – 2) = Kriegsdienst, castris est vobis utendum, non palaestrā, Nep.: in castris... in toga, Vell.: castrisve forove, Tibull.: magnum in castris usum habere, Caes. – / Nbf. castra, ae, f., castra haec vestrum est, Acc. praet. 16. p. 283 R.2: Nbf. castrus, ī, m., Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 5418.

    lateinisch-deutsches > castrum

  • 4 castrum

    castrum, ī, n. (Etymol. unsicher, s. Walde2 S. 139), ein eingeschlossener, befestigter Raum; dah. I) Sing., ein gegen feindliche Angriffe mit Mauern od. Schanzen umgebener Ort, das Kastell, Fort, die Festung, Nep. Alc. 9, 3. Callistr. dig. 27, 1, 17. § 7. – Öfter als nom. propr., Castrum, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentlich: 1) Castrum Album (al. Altum), Ort im tarrakon. Hispanien, viell. identisch mit Ἄκρα Λευκή, Liv. 24, 41, 3. – 2) C. Inui, ein verfallener Ort der Rutuler in Latium, zwischen Ardea u. Antium, am Meere, wo Inuus od. Pan gewohnt haben soll, Verg. Aen. 6, 775; u. dass. bl. Castrum, Ov. met. 15, 727. Sil. 8, 359. Rutil. Nam. 1, 227; vgl. Müller-Deecke, Etrusker 2, 63; u. dav. Castrānus, a, um, kastranisch, rura, Mart. 4, 60, 1. – 3) C. Novum, a) röm. Kolonie an der etrurischen Küste, j. Marinello, Liv. 36, 3, 6. Mela 2, 4, 9 (2. § 72). – b) Stadt an der Küste von Picenum, j. Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 110: u. bl. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8. – 4) C. Truentinum od. Truentum, Ort in Picenum, j. Torre Segura, Pompei. b. Cic. ad Att. 8, 12 (13), 1. – 5) C. Vergium (Bergium), fester Ort der Vergestaner, j. Verga, Liv. 34, 21, 1. – II) Plur., castra, ōrum, n., A) eig.: 1) im allg.: das Feldlager, Kriegslager, Lager, das (urspr. ein Viereck [quadrata], später zuw. kreisförmig od. der Örtlichkeit angemessen) mit einem
    ————
    Graben (fossa) u. hinter diesem nach innen zu mit einem Wall (vallum), auf dem Palisaden (pali) eingerammt waren, umgeben war, c. stativa, für längere Zeit bezogen, Standlager, Cic.: aestiva, Sommerlager, Suet.: hiberna, Winterlager, Liv.: navalia, ein Lager am Ufer zur Deckung der Schiffe u. der ans Land kommenden Truppen, zuw. mit den ans Land gezogenen Schiffen verbunden, Caes. u. Liv.; auch c. nautica gen., Nep.: c. quadrata vel rotunda vel trigona vel oblonga, Veget. mil.: c. lunata, halbmondförmiges, Auct. b. Afr.: c. bina, Liv. – castra metari, s. metor.: castra ponere, Liv., od. locare, Cic., od. collocare, Cic. (auch bildl. castra luxuriae collocare, Cic. Verr. 5, 96), od. facere, Cic., od. constituere, Auct. b. Hisp.: c. munire, Caes., od. communire, Liv., ponere et munire, Sall.: conferre castra cum hoste, castra oppido, castra castris, s. confero no. I, 4, a, β: castra castris convertere (vertauschen), Caes.: castra habere prope muros, Cic., od. in radicibus Amani, Cic., od. ad portas, Caes.: c. habere contra alqm, gegen jmd. im Felde stehen, Caes.: c. proferre, Caes.: c. movere (loco), das L. abbrechen, auch übh. aufbrechen, fortmarschieren, weiterrücken, Caes., Liv. u.a.: castra movere ab od. ex alqo loco, Cic. u. Caes.: castra movere Arretium versus, Cic.: c. promovere, vorwärts marschieren, -gehen, -rücken, Caes.: c. movere retro od. removere, rückwärts marschieren,
    ————
    zurückgehen, Liv.: exercitum castris non movere, Liv.: c. referre, zurück verlegen, weiter rückwärts aufschlagen, Liv.: castra temptare (v. Feinde), Sen.: hostem castris exuere, das Lager nehmen, erbeuten, Liv.: castra hostium diripere, Curt.: se in castra recipere Caes.: cum alqo in castra proficisci, Nep.: castra alcis sequi, jmdm. in den Krieg folgen (= unter jmd. dienen), Nep.: in castris esse cum alqo, jmd. auf seinen Kriegszügen begleiten, Nep. – im Bilde, wie unser Lager, einer Partei, in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 83: bes. einer philos. Sekte, in Epicuri nos adversarii nostri castra coniecimus, Cic.: soleo in aliena castra transire, nec tamquam transfuga, sed tamquam explorator, Sen.: nil cupientium castra peto, Hor. – in Titeln, Castrorum Filius, ein Titel des Kaisers Kaligula, weil er im Lager geboren u. erzogen war; dann auch anderer Kaiser, Suet. u. Inscr. – Castrorum Pater als Titel der spätern Kaiser, Inscr. – so Castrorum Mater, Titel der Faustina, die ihren Gemahl M. Antoninus Philosophus ins Feld begleitete, und späterhin mehrerer Kaiserinnen, Capitol. – 2) insbes.: a) die Kaserne der Prätorianer in der Vorstadt Roms, Suet. u. Tac.; vollst. c. praetoriana, Suet., od. c. praetoria, Capitol. u. Aur. Vict. – b) das Hoflager, die Hofhaltung, der Hofstaat des Kaisers, Iuven. 4, 135. Spart. Hadr. 13, 7; s. Heinrich Iuven. 4, 135. Gothofr. Cod. Theod.
    ————
    tom. 2. p. 227. – c) als nom. propr., Castra, v. Örtlichkeiten, namentl.: C. Corneliana od. Cornelia, ins Meer auslaufende Anhöhe zwischen Utika u. dem Fluß Bagrada, wo Scipio Africanus im zweiten punischen Kriege landete, Caes. b. c. 2, 24, 2. Mela 1, 7, 2 (1. § 34): auch Castra Scipionis gen., Oros. 4, 22. – C. Postumiana, Ort in Hispania Baetica, Auct. b. Hisp. 8. § 8. – 3) übtr.: α) v. Bienenstocke, cerea, Verg. Aen. 12, 589: apium, Pallad. 1, 37, 4. – β) v. Standquartier der Hirten, stabulariorum, Col. 6, 23, 3. – B) meton.: 1) = Tagesmarsch (bei den Histor.), secundis castris pervenit ad Dium, Liv.: inde alteris castris ad oppidum Catabolum pervenit, Curt.: tertiis castris Ancyram pervenit, Liv.: tertiis castris Rigodulum venit, Tac.: quartis castris ad Insulam pervenit, Liv.: ex eo quintis castris Gergoviam pervenit, Caes. – 2) = Kriegsdienst, castris est vobis utendum, non palaestrā, Nep.: in castris... in toga, Vell.: castrisve forove, Tibull.: magnum in castris usum habere, Caes. – ⇒ Nbf. castra, ae, f., castra haec vestrum est, Acc. praet. 16. p. 283 R.2: Nbf. castrus, ī, m., Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 5418.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > castrum

  • 5 castra

        castra ōrum, n    a military camp, encampment (regularly a square surrounded by a trench, and a wall with four gates): stativa, permanent: hiberna, L.: navalia, an encampment to protect a landing, Cs.: nautica, N.: bina: quinis castris oppidum circumdedit, Cs.: locum castris antecapere, S.: capere locum castris, L.: castra metari, Cs.: locare, S.: communire, Cs.: movere, to decamp, Cs.: castra castris conferre, L.: castra castris convertere, Cs.: castris se tenere, Cs.: ex castris abire, S.—Meton., a day's march (since a camp was pitched each evening): secundis castris pervenit, L.: alteris castris, L.: quintis castris, Cs.—Military service: castris uti, non palaestrā, N.: in castris usum habere, Cs.— Fig., a resting-place, abode (poet.): cerea, beehives, V. — A camp, army (of contending parties or sects): Hos castris adhibe socios, secure as allies, V.: Epicuri: nil cupientium, the party, H.
    * * *
    camp, military camp/field; army; fort, fortress; war service; day's march

    Latin-English dictionary > castra

  • 6 castra

    castra, ōrum, n. [st2]1 [-] camp, campement. [st2]2 [-] journée de marche, étape. [st2]3 [-] vie des camps, service militaire.    - castra movere: lever le camp.    - castra strativa: camp fixe.    - castra æstiva: quartiers d'été.    - castra hiberna: quartiers d'hiver.    - quintis castris Gergoviam pervenit: il atteignit Gergovie après cinq jours de marche.    - castris (dat. de but) locum capere: choisir un emplacement pour le camp. - voir hors site castra.
    * * *
    castra, ōrum, n. [st2]1 [-] camp, campement. [st2]2 [-] journée de marche, étape. [st2]3 [-] vie des camps, service militaire.    - castra movere: lever le camp.    - castra strativa: camp fixe.    - castra æstiva: quartiers d'été.    - castra hiberna: quartiers d'hiver.    - quintis castris Gergoviam pervenit: il atteignit Gergovie après cinq jours de marche.    - castris (dat. de but) locum capere: choisir un emplacement pour le camp. - voir hors site castra.
    * * *
        Castra, castrorum, pluraliter tantum. Cic. Le camp, Le fort.
    \
        Metator castrorum. Cic. Qui choisist le lieu pour asseoir le camp en temps de guerre, Mareschal du camp.
    \
        Praefectus castrorum. Tacitus. Mareschal du camp.
    \
        Iniqua. Horat. Le camp des ennemis.
    \
        Statiua. Cic. Un fort, ou Un camp arresté.
    \
        Castris adequitare. Tacit. Chevaucher auprés du camp.
    \
        Adpugnare castra. Tacit. Assaillir.
    \
        In castris stationem agere. Tacit. Faire le guet.
    \
        Castra cingere vallo. Liu. Fossoyer et remparer le camp.
    \
        Conferre castra castris. Caesar. Planter son camp vis à vis du camp des ennemis.
    \
        Differre castra. Tacit. Agiter, Vexer, Contraindre de se parquer puis en un lieu puis en un autre.
    \
        Exutus castris dux. Sil. Despouillé de son fort, Chassé de son fort.
    \
        Facere castra. Cn. Magnus. Planter, ou Asseoir le camp, Parquer, Camper.
    \
        Habere castra. Cic. Estre campé.
    \
        Imponere castra. Sil. Camper.
    \
        Insistere castris. Ouid. Estre dedens le camp.
    \
        Locare castra alicubi. Lucan. Camper.
    \
        Munire castra. Cic. Fortifier.
    \
        Perrumpere castra. Pli. iunior. Forcer, Entrer dedens par force.
    \
        Ponere castra. Cn. Magnus. Camper.
    \
        Campus castra praeiacet. Tacit. Devant le fort y a une plaine.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > castra

  • 7 castrum

    I 1. ī n.
    sg. (чаще castellum) укрепление, форт, небольшая крепость Nep, Dig
    2. pl.
    1) военный лагерь (castra aestiva Su, T; castra hiberna L)
    castra navalia Cs, L (nautica Nep) — береговой лагерь для прикрытия кораблей и десанта
    caslra facere C (ponere L, munire Cs, locare, collocare C) — разбить лагерь, расположиться лагерем
    castra movere C, L — снять лагерь, выступить в поход, отправиться
    in castris esse cum aliquo Nep — сопровождать кого-л. в походах
    2) казармы (c. praetoriana Su и praetoria Capit)
    4) военная служба, военное дело или военный режим
    5) сторона, стан, секта
    nil cupientium castra peto H я — устремляюсь в лагерь тех, кто ничего не желает (из богатств)
    6) поэт. улей ( cerea V)
    7) императорская резиденция, двор J, Spart
    II Castrum, ī n.
    название ряда городов, возникших из укреплённых лагерей
    1) C. Inui, город рутулов на побережье Латия, близ Ardea V, O etc.
    2) C. Album, город в Hispania Tarraconensis L
    4) C. Truentum или Truentinum, город в Пицене C
    5) C. Vergium, пород в Hispania Tarraconensis L

    Латинско-русский словарь > castrum

  • 8 ausrücken

    ausrücken, exire. excedere. egredi (herausgehen). – educi (herausgeführt werden, von Truppen). – movere (aufbrechen, weiterziehen). – proficisci (abmarschieren). – von oder aus einem Orte au., exire loco, ab od. ex loco; excedere, egredi, proficisci loco od. ex loco; educi ex loco; movere copias od. bl. movere [281] ab od. ex loco. – in die Schlacht au., in aciem exire, procedere, educi. ad pugnam, in proelium exire. ad dimicandum procedere. in pugnam proficisci (von den Soldaten); exercitum in aciem educere (v. Feldherrn): zu einer Unternehmung au., in expeditionem ire, proficisci (von Soldaten u. vom Feldherrn mit den Soldaten); exercitum in expeditionem educere u. bl. exercitum educere (v. Feldherrn): in den Krieg au., ad bellum exire od. proficisci. in castra proficisci (ins Feld ziehen, v. Soldaten u. v. Feldherrn); ad bellum proficisci cum copiis (v. Feldherrn): mit den Truppen aus der Stadt au., die Truppen aus der Stadt au. lassen, copias educere ex od. ab urbe; copias ex urbe extrahere: aus dem Lager au., castris od. e castris egredi; ex castris movere (aus dem Lager weiter marschieren); copias pro castris producere (die Truppen vor das Lager herausführen zum Kampf); signa extra vallum efferre od. proferre (die Feldzeichen außerhalb des Walles tragen); castra movere, promovere, proferre (das Lager abbrechen u. weiter marschieren): aus den Winterquartieren au., ab hibernis discedere; ex hibernis copias deducere; copias extrahere ex hibernaculis. – gegen jmd. au. (ausziehen), proficisci ad od. contra alqm; contra alqm signa efferre (aus der Stadt, aus dem Lager); in aciem procedere adversus alqm (in die Schlacht gegen jmd. ausziehen). – Ausrücken, das, exitus. egressus. – profectio (Abmarsch). – sie gaben den Befehl zum Au. der Legionen, educi ex urbe legiones iusserunt.

    deutsch-lateinisches > ausrücken

  • 9 bleiben

    bleiben, I) fortfahren zu sein, dauern: manere. permanere. – durare (dauern, z. B. per saecula). – stare (sich halten, bestehen). – II) fortfahren, in einem gewissen Zustande zu sein, gewisse Eigenschaften zu haben: manere; permanere. – liegen-, stehen b., s. liegen, stehen. – bei etw. b., manere, permanere in alqa re; non desistere od. absistere alqā re od. mit Infin. (nicht abstehen, ablassen); alqd non deserere (etw. nicht im Stiche lassen, z. B. deorum cultum); perseverare in alqa re (bei etwas beharren); stare alqā re (bei etw. fest stehen bleiben); haerere in alqa re (an etwas fest hängen bleiben). – bleibt beieurem Fleiße, uti coepistis pergite: das bleibt unter uns, hoc inter nos sit; haec tu tecum habeto; haec tu tibi soli dictum puta; secreto hoc audi tecumque habeto; haec tibi in aurem dixerim: haec lapidi dixerim. – III) fortfahren, an einem Orte zu sein: manere. remanere (zurückbleiben). – durare (mit Mühe etc. ausdauern, es aushalten). – morari. commorari (verbleiben). – se tenere, se continere loco od. in loco (sich wo zurückhalten). – sustinere [492] se in alqo loco (wo anhalten, daselbst bleiben, weil das Weitergehen gefährlich etc., bis gewisse, sichere Nachrichten eingehen). – consistere (Halt-, Rast machen). – considĕre (wo anlegen, von Schiffen u. ihrer Mannschaft, die nach einer langen Fahrt eine Zeitlang wo bleiben). – bei jmd. b., esse cum alqo (von Pers.). – jmd. wo b. lassen, alqm continere (z. B. in castris, in lecto, sub tecto). – bis zu jmds. Ankunft b., alcis adventum exspectare: die Nacht wo b., manere (z. B. extra domum, inter vicos od. inter vias [auf offener Straße]); pernoctare (übernachten, z. B. apud alqm, in publico): im Lager b., castris se tenere (von allen, die in demselben sind); in castris subsidĕre (von einigen, im Lager zurückbleiben, während die übrigen ausziehen): die Truppen im Lager b. lassen, copias in castris continere: bleib noch ein wenig! mano paulisper oder parumper!: jmd. (der gehen will) freundlich einladen zu b., invitatione familiari retinere alqm. – hier ist gut b.! hic bene manebis! od. hic optime manebimus! – Dah. in weit. u. uneig. Bed.: a) = ausbleiben no. II, w. s. – b) = übrigbleiben, s. übrig. – c) unterlassen werden: omitti. – etwas b. lassen, omittere; mittere: missum facere: laß das b.! cave hoc facias!: das wird er wohl b. lassen, hoc numquam facere audebit. – IV) umkommen im Kampfe, im Kriege: cadere (in) proelio, in bello, (in) acie; concĭdere in proelio; occĭdere in bello. – die Gebliebenen, ii, qui in bel lo occĭderunt. – Bleiben, das, mansio (Aufenthalt an einem Orte). – permansio (Beharren bei etwas, z. B. bei einerlei Meinung, in una sententia). – hier ist meines B. nicht länger, hic diutius maneri non potest: hic durare nequeo. – bleibend, diuturnus. perpetuus (dauernd, fortwährend, der Zeit nach). – firmus. stabilis (fest, unwandelbar, der Dauer nach). – etwas wird b. Sitte, institutum alqd manet.

    deutsch-lateinisches > bleiben

  • 10 longe

    longē, adv. [st1]1 [-] en long, en longueur; loin, au loin.    - vim suam longe lateque diffidunt, Cic. Div. 1, 79: (les dieux) répandent en long et en large leur puissance.    - omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis, Caes. BG. 4: après avoir incendié toutes les maisons sur une vaste étendue.    - longe gradi, Virg. En. 10, 572: faire de grands pas.    - longe abesse, Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1: être éloigné.    - longe procedere, Cic. Verr. 2, 65: s'avancer loin.    - quam longe videmus? Cic. Ac. 2, 80: à quelle distance porte notre vue?    - domi aut non longe a domo esse, Cic. Phil. 12, 23: être chez soi ou non loin de chez soi.    - locum castris deligit ab Avarico longe milia passuum sedecim, Caes. BG. 7, 16, 1: il choisit un emplacement pour son camp à une distance de seize mille pas d'Avaricum.    - tria milia passuum longe a castris considere, Caes. BG. 5, 47, 5: prendre position à trois mille pas du camp.    - non longe ex eo loco abesse, Caes. BG. 5, 21, 2: n'être pas fort éloigné de ce lieu.    - longe gentium abesse, Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: être à l'autre bout du monde.    - non longe a Syracusis, Cic.: non loin de Syracuse.    - longe esse alicui, Virg. (longe esse ab aliquo, Caes.): n'être d'aucun secours à qqn.    - compar. sans infl. sur la constr., c. amplius: non longius milia passuum octo abesse, Caes. BG. 5, 53, 7: n'être pas à plus de huit mille pas de distance. [st1]2 [-] au fig. longuement ; loin, au loin.    - aliquid longius dicere, Cic. Or. 162, exposer qqch plus longuement.    - labi longius, Cic. Leg. 1, 52: se laisser aller trop loin de son sujet.    - verbum longius ductum, Cic. Br. 274: mot tiré de trop loin, recherché.    - longe aliquid repetere, Cic. Leg. 1, 28: aller chercher qqch bien loin en arrière.    - longe prospicere casus futuros rei publicae, Cic. Lael. 40: voir au loin dans l'avenir les dangers qui menacent la république.    - quoad longissime potest mens mea respicere, Cic. Arch. 1: aussi loin que mon esprit peut revoir en arrière.    - alicujus vitam longius producere, Cic. Br. 60: faire vivre qqn plus longtemps, lui attribuer une vie plus longue.    - longius anno, Caes. BG. 4, 1, 7: plus d'un an.    - longius triduo, Caes. BG. 7, 9, 2: plus de trois jours.    - paullo longius, Caes. BG. 7, 71, 4: un peu plus longtemps. [st1]3 [-] grandement, beaucoup.    - mais avec des adj., adv. ou verbes marquant éloignement, différence, préférence: longe abhorrere, dissentire, praestare, excellere, antecellere, anteponere, longe alius, dissimilis, aliter, secus, etc.    - a vulgo longe longeque remoti, Hor. S. 1, 6, 18: écartés loin, loin de la foule.    - longe aliter est, Cic. Amer. 138: il en est tout autrement.    - ea res longe aliter ac ratus erat evenit, Sall. J. 7: l'issue fut tout autre qu'il n'avait pensé. [st1]4 [-] devant les superl.: de beaucoup, sans contredit.    - longe plurimum ingenio valere, Cic. Br. 55: avoir une très haute supériorité intellectuelle.    - longe eloquentissimus, Cic. Caec. 53: de beaucoup le plus éloquent.    - longe omnium princeps, Cic. Or. 62: de beaucoup le premier de tous.    - longe longeque plurimum tribuere honestati, Cic. Fin. 2, 68: faire la part de beaucoup la plus large à l'honnête.    - longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus, Caes. BG. 1, 2: de beaucoup le plus noble et le plus riche.    - devant les compar.: longe melior, Virg. En. 9, 556: bien supérieur.    - cf. Sall. H. 3, 48, 9 ; Liv. 24, 28, 5 ; Curt. 10, 3, 10; Tac. An. 4, 40; Quint. 10, 1, 7, etc.
    * * *
    longē, adv. [st1]1 [-] en long, en longueur; loin, au loin.    - vim suam longe lateque diffidunt, Cic. Div. 1, 79: (les dieux) répandent en long et en large leur puissance.    - omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis, Caes. BG. 4: après avoir incendié toutes les maisons sur une vaste étendue.    - longe gradi, Virg. En. 10, 572: faire de grands pas.    - longe abesse, Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1: être éloigné.    - longe procedere, Cic. Verr. 2, 65: s'avancer loin.    - quam longe videmus? Cic. Ac. 2, 80: à quelle distance porte notre vue?    - domi aut non longe a domo esse, Cic. Phil. 12, 23: être chez soi ou non loin de chez soi.    - locum castris deligit ab Avarico longe milia passuum sedecim, Caes. BG. 7, 16, 1: il choisit un emplacement pour son camp à une distance de seize mille pas d'Avaricum.    - tria milia passuum longe a castris considere, Caes. BG. 5, 47, 5: prendre position à trois mille pas du camp.    - non longe ex eo loco abesse, Caes. BG. 5, 21, 2: n'être pas fort éloigné de ce lieu.    - longe gentium abesse, Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: être à l'autre bout du monde.    - non longe a Syracusis, Cic.: non loin de Syracuse.    - longe esse alicui, Virg. (longe esse ab aliquo, Caes.): n'être d'aucun secours à qqn.    - compar. sans infl. sur la constr., c. amplius: non longius milia passuum octo abesse, Caes. BG. 5, 53, 7: n'être pas à plus de huit mille pas de distance. [st1]2 [-] au fig. longuement ; loin, au loin.    - aliquid longius dicere, Cic. Or. 162, exposer qqch plus longuement.    - labi longius, Cic. Leg. 1, 52: se laisser aller trop loin de son sujet.    - verbum longius ductum, Cic. Br. 274: mot tiré de trop loin, recherché.    - longe aliquid repetere, Cic. Leg. 1, 28: aller chercher qqch bien loin en arrière.    - longe prospicere casus futuros rei publicae, Cic. Lael. 40: voir au loin dans l'avenir les dangers qui menacent la république.    - quoad longissime potest mens mea respicere, Cic. Arch. 1: aussi loin que mon esprit peut revoir en arrière.    - alicujus vitam longius producere, Cic. Br. 60: faire vivre qqn plus longtemps, lui attribuer une vie plus longue.    - longius anno, Caes. BG. 4, 1, 7: plus d'un an.    - longius triduo, Caes. BG. 7, 9, 2: plus de trois jours.    - paullo longius, Caes. BG. 7, 71, 4: un peu plus longtemps. [st1]3 [-] grandement, beaucoup.    - mais avec des adj., adv. ou verbes marquant éloignement, différence, préférence: longe abhorrere, dissentire, praestare, excellere, antecellere, anteponere, longe alius, dissimilis, aliter, secus, etc.    - a vulgo longe longeque remoti, Hor. S. 1, 6, 18: écartés loin, loin de la foule.    - longe aliter est, Cic. Amer. 138: il en est tout autrement.    - ea res longe aliter ac ratus erat evenit, Sall. J. 7: l'issue fut tout autre qu'il n'avait pensé. [st1]4 [-] devant les superl.: de beaucoup, sans contredit.    - longe plurimum ingenio valere, Cic. Br. 55: avoir une très haute supériorité intellectuelle.    - longe eloquentissimus, Cic. Caec. 53: de beaucoup le plus éloquent.    - longe omnium princeps, Cic. Or. 62: de beaucoup le premier de tous.    - longe longeque plurimum tribuere honestati, Cic. Fin. 2, 68: faire la part de beaucoup la plus large à l'honnête.    - longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus, Caes. BG. 1, 2: de beaucoup le plus noble et le plus riche.    - devant les compar.: longe melior, Virg. En. 9, 556: bien supérieur.    - cf. Sall. H. 3, 48, 9 ; Liv. 24, 28, 5 ; Curt. 10, 3, 10; Tac. An. 4, 40; Quint. 10, 1, 7, etc.
    * * *
        Longe, Aduerbium. Loing.
    \
        Non longe ab aedibus. Cic. Il n'est pas fort loing de la maison.
    \
        Longe iam abieram. Terent. J'estoye ja allé assez loing.
    \
        Ne longe abeam per translationem. Cic. Sans que j'aille plus loing pour trouver exemple. Vide ABEO.
    \
        Longe hinc abest, vnde vectae Sumus. Plaut. Il y a loing d'ici d'où, etc.
    \
        Longe gentium abest. Cic. Il est fort loing.
    \
        Longe a me abest. Plaut. Il est loing de moy.
    \
        Ista stimulum longe habet. Plaut. Dont elle atteint de bien loing.
    \
        Illic longe vsque in campis vltimis habitat. Plaut. Il demeure là loing és champs.
    \
        Longe prospicere futuros casus. Cic. Preveoir de loing.
    \
        Longe est mihi. Martial. Il est loing de moy.
    \
        Pedibus longe melior Lycus. Virg. Il va beaucoup mieulx du pied.
    \
        Longe audacissimum habuimus. Cic. Beaucoup plus temeraire.
    \
        Longe, longeque plurimum tribuere honestati. Cic. Beaucoup, Beaucoup plus.
    \
        Longe caeteris artibus antecedit illud studium. Cic. Il est beaucoup plus excellent.
    \
        Longe aliter, atque a me dicta erant, detulerunt. Cic. Bien autrement.
    \
        Res aliter longe euenit. Liu. Est bien advenue autrement.
    \
        Longe ante videre. Cic. Preveoir de loing.
    \
        Longe secus est. Cic. Il va bien autrement.
    \
        Orationem longe aliam praebes nunc, atque olim quum dabam. Plaut. Tu parles bien autrement que, etc.
    \
        Longe princeps. Cic. Le plus excellent, ou plus grand.
    \
        Longe principes habentur Hedui. Caesar. Sont les plus estimez et honorez.
    \
        Longe primus ciuitatis est Epicrates. Cic. Il est le plus estimé de la cité, et le plus excellent.
    \
        Haec ciuitas longe plurimum totius Galliae equitatu valet. Caesar. Beaucoup plus sans comparaison.
    \
        Longe plurimos captiuos ante currum duxit. Liu. Bien fort grand nombre.
    \
        Longe anteire. Plaut. Passer de beaucoup.
    \
        Cuius ego iudicium longe antepono tuo. Cic. J'estime beaucoup plus son jugement que le tien.
    \
        - errat longe, Qui imperium credat grauius esse aut stabilius, Vi quod fit, quam illud quod amicitia adiungitur. Terent. Il erre grandement, Il s'abuse beaucoup.
    \
        Longe remotus ab ambitione. Plin. iunior. Qui est bien loing d'ambition.
    \
        Longius, Comparatiuum, Plus loing. Plautus, Auecta est, peregre hinc habitatum longius. Assez loing.
    \
        Non aberit longius. Terent. Il ne demeurera plus gueres qu'il ne vienne.
    \
        Non cogitas hinc longius abesse? Terent. Ne penses tu pas qu'il y a loing d'ici?
    \
        Longius abire. Terent. S'esloigner.
    \
        Longius currere. Cic. Bien avant.
    \
        Longius in amicitia prouecti. Cic. Lesquels il y a ja long temps qu'ils s'entr'aiment.
    \
        Longissime, Superlatiuus. Liu. Tresloing.
    \
        Longissime abest a vero. Cic. Il est tresloing de la verité.
    \
        Quid longissime meministi? Plaut. Dequoy te souvient il du plus loing?
    \
        - quam dudum in portum huc venis? P. Longissime. Plaut. Il y a fort long temps.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > longe

  • 11 tumultuo

    tumultuo, āre - intr. - faire du bruit, être agité.    - obtestor ut mi dicas negoti quid sit, quod tumultues, Plaut.: je te supplie de me dire de quelle affaire il s'agit, pour laquelle tu es tout agité.    - quid sit mi expedi, quod tumultues, Plaut.: explique-moi pour quelle raison tu fais ce vacarme. Au passif impers.:    - hostibus nuntiatur, in castris Romanorum tumultuari, Caes. B. G. 7, 61: on annonce aux ennemis qu'il y a de l'agitation dans le camp romain.    - cum tumultuatum in castris sciret, Liv. 25, 21, 2: sachant qu'il y avait du désordre dans le camp.    - tumultuatum verius quam belligeratum, Liv. 21, 16, 4: ce fut plutôt un tumulte qu'une guerre.
    * * *
    tumultuo, āre - intr. - faire du bruit, être agité.    - obtestor ut mi dicas negoti quid sit, quod tumultues, Plaut.: je te supplie de me dire de quelle affaire il s'agit, pour laquelle tu es tout agité.    - quid sit mi expedi, quod tumultues, Plaut.: explique-moi pour quelle raison tu fais ce vacarme. Au passif impers.:    - hostibus nuntiatur, in castris Romanorum tumultuari, Caes. B. G. 7, 61: on annonce aux ennemis qu'il y a de l'agitation dans le camp romain.    - cum tumultuatum in castris sciret, Liv. 25, 21, 2: sachant qu'il y avait du désordre dans le camp.    - tumultuatum verius quam belligeratum, Liv. 21, 16, 4: ce fut plutôt un tumulte qu'une guerre.
    * * *
        Tumultuo, tumultuas, tumultuare. Plaut. Faire bruit et trouble ou esmeute, Tumultuer, Tempester.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > tumultuo

  • 12 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 13 contineo

    con-tĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. and n. [teneo].
    I.
    Act., to hold or keep together.
    A.
    In gen. (rare).
    1.
    Lit. (syn.:

    coërceo, conjungo): contine quaeso caput,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26:

    quod omnem continet amplexu terram,

    Lucr. 5, 319; cf.:

    mundus omnia conplexu suo coërcet et continet,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

    vitem levi nodo,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187:

    magni refert primordia saepe cum quibus... contineantur,

    Lucr. 1, 818; 1, 908; 2, 761;

    2, 1008: pars oppidi, mari dijuncta angusto, ponte adjungitur et continetur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117.—
    b.
    Of places, to bound, limit, enclose (very rare in act.):

    reliquum spatium mons continet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

    Oceanus ponto qua continet orbem,

    Tib. 4, 1, 147; but more freq. in pass., to be comprised, enclosed, surrounded, encompassed, environed by:

    qui vicus altissimis montibus undique continetur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1; so,

    undique loci naturā Helvetii,

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    mare montibus angustis,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    una pars Galliae Garumnā flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum,

    id. ib. 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    omnes artes quasi cognatione quādam inter se continentur,

    hang together, Cic. Arch. 1, 2.—Far more freq. in all periods and species of composition.,
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    With the access. idea of firmness, quiet, permanence, etc., to hold or keep together, to keep, hold fast, preserve, retain (syn. servo).
    a.
    Lit.:

    (alvus) arcet et continet... quod recepit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

    merces (opp. partiri),

    id. Vatin. 5, 12; cf.

    exercitum (opp. dividere),

    Liv. 28, 2, 16:

    arida continent odorem diutius,

    Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    nec ulla res vehementius rem publicam continet quam fides,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    Remos reliquosque Belgas in officio,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    in officio Dumnorigem,

    id. ib. 5, 7:

    te in exercitatione,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 19 fin.:

    te in tuis perenuibus studiis,

    id. Brut. 97, 332:

    ceteros in armis (plaga),

    Liv. 9, 41, 15:

    alicujus hospitio,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the access. idea of hindering, preventing motion, to keep, keep still, detain, restrain, repress, enclose.
    a.
    Lit.: milites [p. 449] sub pellibus, Caes. B. G. 3, 29; cf.:

    pecudem sub tecto,

    Col. 7, 10, 3:

    exercitum castris,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 11; Liv. 31, 26, 6; 28, 9, 14 al.; cf.:

    nostros in castris (tempestates),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34; 6, 36; and:

    copias in castris,

    id. B. C. 1, 66; 3, 30; Auct. B. Afr. 1; 7; Liv. 36, 17, 9:

    Pompeium quam angustissime,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

    aliquem limine,

    Liv. 34, 1, 5:

    ora frenis,

    Phaedr. 3, 6, 7:

    ventos carcere,

    Ov. M. 11, 432:

    animam in dicendo,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261 et saep.:

    se ruri,

    to stay, remain, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 17; cf.:

    se domi,

    Suet. Caes. 81:

    suo se loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

    oppido sese,

    id. ib. 2, 30:

    castris se continere,

    id. B. C. 3, 37:

    se vallo,

    id. B. G. 5, 44:

    se finibus Romanis,

    Liv. 39, 17, 4; 34, 58, 3:

    moenibus sese,

    id. 42, 7, 4:

    agrorum suorum terminis se,

    id. 38, 40, 2:

    se moenibus,

    Ov. M. 13, 208:

    sese intra silvas,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 18:

    suos intra munitionem,

    id. ib. 5, 57;

    5, 58: milites intra castrorum vallum,

    id. B. C. 3, 76; Liv. 31, 34, 9;

    Auct. B. Afr. 24: intra castra militem,

    Tac. H. 4, 19:

    praesidibus provinciarum propagavit imperium, ut a peritis et assuetis socii continerentur,

    Suet. Aug. 23 et saep.:

    an te auspicium commoratum est? an tempestas continet?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 67.—
    b.
    Trop., to hold back, detain, repress, hold in check, curb, check, stay, stop, tame, subdue, etc. (syn. cohibeo):

    adpetitiones animi,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22:

    omnis cupiditates,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32:

    modeste insolentiam suam,

    id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

    risum,

    id. Fin. 4, 25, 71 et saep.:

    formido mortales omnes,

    Lucr. 1, 151:

    Etruriam non tam armis quam judiciorum terrore,

    Liv. 29, 36, 10:

    oppida magis metu quam fide,

    id. 30, 20, 5; cf.:

    quosdam continet metus,

    Quint. 1, 3, 6:

    solo metu,

    id. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

    animum a consuetā libidine,

    Sall. J. 15, 3:

    temeritatem ab omni lapsu (with cohibere),

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

    suos a proelio,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

    manum juventus Metu deorum,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 37 al.:

    se ab adsentiendo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104; so,

    se ab exemplis,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 62:

    temperans, qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit,

    id. Par. 3, 1, 21:

    se male continet amens,

    Ov. M. 4, 351:

    male me, quin vera faterer, Continui,

    id. ib. 7, 729:

    nequeo continere quin loquar,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 28.—

    Mid.: contineri, quin complectar, non queo,

    restrain myself, refrain, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 128; cf.:

    vix me contineo, quin, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 20:

    jam nequeo contineri,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf.:

    vix contineor,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 9:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo optime,

    keep it to myself, conceal it, id. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

    ea quae continet, neque adhuc protulit, explicet nobis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 206:

    dicta,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 222.—
    3.
    With the access. idea of containing, to comprise, contain, involve, comprehend something in itself (syn. complector):

    (aqua gelum) quod continet in se, mittit,

    Lucr. 6, 877; cf.:

    ut omnia, quae aluntur et crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23; so,

    in se,

    Quint. 1, 6, 31; 2, 10, 2:

    Quattuor aeternus genitalia corpora mundus Continet,

    Ov. M. 15, 240:

    rem militarem,

    Liv. 5, 52, 16:

    panis innumeras paene continet medicinas,

    Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

    (linea) centum continet (pedes),

    Quint. 1, 10, 44:

    Idus Martiae magnum mendum continent,

    Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2:

    paucas species (vox),

    Quint. 11, 3, 18:

    tales res, quales hic liber continet,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1:

    narrationes, quae summam criminis contineant,

    Quint. 4, 2, 10:

    fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    liber primus ea continebit, quae, etc., Quint. prooem. § 21: tertia epistula continebat, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 28, 5.—With subj.-clause:

    quando ipsos loqui deceat, quartus liber continet,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Esp. freq.,
    b.
    In pass.: contineri aliquā re, to be contained in something, be composed of, consist of or in, to rest upon, to be supported by, etc.:

    terreno corpore,

    Lucr. 1, 1085:

    non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur (dii),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

    artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis penitusque perspectis... rebus contineretur,

    id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

    forma honestatis, quae tota quattuor his virtutibus... continetur,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

    versus paucis (pedibus) continetur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 60: quae philosophorum libris continentur, id. prooem. § 11; cf. id. 5, 10, 111 et saep.: artes, quae conjecturā continentur et sunt opinabiles, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

    foedere,

    Liv. 41, 23, 9:

    actu,

    Quint. 2, 18, 5; 12, 9, 1; 3, 7, 28.—Rarely with in and abl.:

    forum, in quo omnis aequitas continetur,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2; cf.:

    quibus (legibus) in singulis civitatibus res publica continetur,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—
    II.
    Neutr., to hold together in itself, to hang together (in the verb. finit. very rare; but freq. as P. a.; cf. also the deriv. continuus):

    per hortum utroque commeatus continet,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43.—Hence,
    1.
    contĭnens, entis, P. a.
    A.
    (Acc. to II.) Holding or hanging together (freq. and class.).
    1.
    Bordering upon, neighboring, contiguous, lying near, adjacent (syn.: junctus, adjunctus, contiguus); constr. with dat., cum, or absol.
    a.
    Prop.:

    aër mari,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 117:

    continentia atque adjuncta praedia huic fundo,

    id. Caecin. 4, 11:

    (mare) dissimile est proximo ei continenti,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105 al.:

    Cappadociae pars ea, quae cum Cilicià continens est,

    id. Fam. 15, 2, 2:

    (Morini) continentes silvas ac paludes habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28; cf. so absol.:

    parum locuples continente ripā,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 22; cf.:

    pars eorum, qui propiores erant continenti litori,

    Liv. 44, 28, 12.— Subst.: contĭnentĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. loca), adjoining places, the neighborhood:

    Cherronesum et continentia usque Atho montem,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 215 al.:

    urbis,

    the suburbs, Dig. 50, 16, 147.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, following, next:

    continentibus diebus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 84;

    and of other abstract things: motus sensui junctus et continens,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 11, 26:

    timori perpetuo ipsum malum continens fuit,

    followed at its heels, Liv. 5, 39, 8.—
    2.
    Holding together, cohering in itself, connected, continuous, uninterrupted.
    a.
    Prop.:

    continens agmen migrantium,

    Liv. 1, 29, 4:

    agmen,

    id. 2, 50, 7; 8, 8, 13 al.:

    ruinae,

    id. 21, 8, 5; terra, the mainland, continent, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 274, 6; Nep. Them. 3, 2; and in the same sense far more freq. subst.: contĭnens, entis, f. (rarely masc., Curt. 4, 2, 1 Zumpt, dub.; abl. in e and i equally used;

    v. the 4th and 5th books of Caes. B. G.),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 4, 28; 4, 31; 4, 36 bis et saep.; Nep. Milt. 7, 3; Liv. 35, 43, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 34, § 128; Suet Aug. 65; id. Tib. 40 et saep.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, continual, consecutive, uninterrupted:

    labor omnium dierum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Liv. 42, 54, 3:

    bella,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    imperium usque ad nos,

    Liv. 7, 30, 8:

    imber per noctem totam,

    id. 23, 44, 6:

    biduo,

    Suet. Calig. 19:

    febres sine intermissione,

    Cels. 3, 5 fin.:

    e continenti genere,

    in continuous descent, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

    spiritus,

    id. de Or. 3, 57, 216 et saep.: ex continenti (sc. tempore), instantly, immediately, = continuo, statim, Just. 1, 9; so,

    in continenti,

    Dig. 44, 5, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2. b.) That restrains his passions, continent, moderate, temperate, enkratês (rare, but in good prose):

    continentior in vitā hominum quam in pecuniā,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 23:

    cum reges tam sint continentes, multo magis consularis esse oportere,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1:

    puer,

    id. Att. 6, 6, 3:

    Epaminondas,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2 al. — Sup., Cic. Par. 1, 1, 7; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    C.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) In rhet., subst.: contĭnens, entis, n., that on which something rests or depends, the chief point, hinge:

    causae,

    Cic. Part. Or. 29, 103; id. Top. 25, 95:

    intuendum videtur, quid sit quaestio, ratio, judicatio, continens, vel ut alii vocant, firmamentum,

    Quint. 3, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. § 18 sqq.— Adv.: contĭnen-ter.
    1.
    (Acc. to A. 2.)
    a.
    In space, in unbroken succession, in a row. continenter sedetis, Cat. 37, 6.—More freq. and class.,
    b.
    In time, continuously, without interruption:

    totā nocte ierunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    jam amplius horis sex pugnaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 5:

    biduum lapidibus pluit,

    Liv. 25, 7, 7:

    usque ad ipsum negotium,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 37:

    ferri imagines,

    id. N. D. 1, 39, 109.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Temperately, moderately (rare):

    vivere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106; in sup.:

    vivere,

    Aug. Ep. 199; id. Conf. 6, 12.—Hence also,
    2.
    contentus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2. b.); medial., satisfying one's self with, contented, satisfied, content (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. in gen. with the abl.; more rarely absol.; after the Aug. per. very freq. with the inf.
    (α).
    With abl.: his versibus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 264, 3:

    suis rebus,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 51:

    paucis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 16:

    illā (sorte),

    id. ib. 1, 1, 3:

    viverem uti contentus eo quod mī ipse parasset,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 108; cf. Suet. Aug. 82:

    solā Dianā,

    Verg. A. 11, 582.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    cum ipsum audires sine comparatione, non modo contentus esses, sed melius non quaereres,

    Cic. Brut. 35, 134; so comp., Plaut. Poen. 2, 15.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    indagare,

    Ov. M. 1, 461:

    edidicisse,

    id. ib. 2, 638:

    retinere titulum provinciae,

    Vell. 2, 49:

    hostes sustinuisse,

    id. 2, 112:

    indicare,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128:

    ostendere,

    id. 5, 10, 31:

    id consequi, quod imiteris,

    id. 10, 2, 7 et saep.— Adv.: contentē (ante-and post-class., and rare), in a restrained manner, closely:

    arte contenteque habere aliquem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63:

    parce contenteque vivere,

    Pacat. Pan. Theod. 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contineo

  • 14 pro

    1.
    prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.
    I.
    Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.
    * A.
    Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:

    nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,

    Lucr. 2, 1137. —
    B.
    Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):

    compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

    tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,

    id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:

    id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,

    Liv. 38, 50:

    prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,

    id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:

    ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,

    Cels. 4, 4, 5:

    prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—
    II.
    Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:

    PRO SALVTEM SVAM,

    Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    sedens pro aede Castoris,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

    praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

    pro castris copias habere,

    id. ib. 7, 66:

    pro castris dimicare,

    id. ib. 5, 16:

    pro oppido,

    id. ib. 7, 71:

    pro opere consistere,

    Sall. J. 92, 9:

    castra pro moenibus locata,

    Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:

    pro muro,

    id. 30, 10:

    pro castris explicare aciem,

    id. 6, 23:

    pro vallo,

    Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:

    Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,

    before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,

    before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—
    2.
    In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:

    pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,

    Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:

    pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,

    id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,

    pro tribunali,

    id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:

    laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,

    Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:

    pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,

    Liv. 7, 7:

    fortes viros pro contione donantis,

    Curt. 10, 5, 10:

    pro contione litteras recitare,

    id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:

    pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,

    Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:

    pro comitio,

    Suet. Aug. 43:

    uti pro consilio imperatum erat,

    in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:

    supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,

    Liv. 38, 36:

    pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,

    Gell. 11, 3, 2:

    pro collegio pronuntiare,

    Liv. 4, 26, 9:

    suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,

    id. 39, 5:

    pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,

    before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:

    legionem pro ripā componere,

    id. ib. 12, 29:

    velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,

    in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,

    pro muris,

    id. A. 2, 81:

    ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,

    standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):

    veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:

    hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

    partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

    id. Clu. 32, 88:

    difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,

    Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

    haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,

    Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,

    Cic. Sest. 2, 3:

    omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,

    id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

    convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,

    id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

    dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 14:

    spondere levi pro paupere,

    id. A. P. 423:

    urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,

    Sall. J. 88, 4:

    nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,

    id. 39, 30, 3:

    pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—
    2.
    With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.
    a.
    In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:

    ego pro te molam,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

    mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,

    id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:

    libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

    id. ib. 45, 154:

    pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:

    pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,

    Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:

    pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 1, 2.—
    b.
    Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:

    cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:

    cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,

    instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),

    id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:

    litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,

    id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—
    c.
    So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:

    tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:

    pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:

    dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:

    pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

    id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,

    Liv. 7, 19, 3:

    vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,

    Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:

    pro crimine poenas,

    Ov. Ib. 621.—
    3.
    Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:

    pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:

    sese ducit pro adulescentulo,

    id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:

    hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,

    as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:

    Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,

    whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

    Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:

    P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,

    id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:

    cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,

    as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

    summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

    negotia pro solatiis accipiens,

    Tac. A. 4, 13:

    consuli pro hostibus esse,

    Liv. 43, 5, 4:

    adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

    as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—
    4.
    Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:

    ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:

    pro eo ac si concessum sit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,

    Dig. 28, 1, 22:

    pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,

    ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:

    pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —
    5.
    On account of, for the sake of:

    dolor pro patriā,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

    tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,

    id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):

    dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:

    aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,

    Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:

    pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,

    Suet. Aug. 57:

    cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,

    Tac. A. 4, 17:

    pro bono (= bene),

    Sall. J. 22, 4.—
    6.
    Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:

    meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,

    according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:

    tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):

    facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:

    agere pro viribus,

    Cic. Sen. 9, 27:

    aliquem pro dignitate laudare,

    id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

    proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,

    Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:

    quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,

    Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:

    nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,

    id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

    pro tuā prudentiā,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:

    cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

    quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:

    pro se quisque,

    each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pro facultatibus,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:

    eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:

    equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,

    id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.
    ► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.
    pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.
    2.
    prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).
    (α).
    With nom.:

    proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:

    pro supreme Juppiter,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 42:

    pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!

    id. ib. 3, 3, 12:

    pro di immortales,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    pro curia inversique mores!

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:

    pro scelus,

    Mart. 2, 46, 8.—
    (β).
    Parenthet.:

    pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,

    Ov. M. 13, 758:

    et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,

    id. H. 3, 98:

    tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,

    Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—
    (γ).
    With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:

    pro deum atque hominum fidem!

    id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

    instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:

    pro deum atque hominum,

    id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:

    pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—
    (δ).
    With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pro

  • 15 procedo

    prō-cēdo, cessī, cessum, ere
    1) выходить ( e tabernaculo in solem C); выступать (castris V, e или de castris Cs, Sl); выступать, выдаваться вперёд ( promunturium contra Peloponnesum procedit PM); проходить ( aliquantum viae Pl); двигаться, продвигаться ( a castris ad mare Cs)
    p. in numerum alicui C перен. — доставлять удовлетворение кому-л.
    2) приходить, появляться ( in contionem L); возникать, зарождаться (postquam philosophia processit C); давать всходы, прорастать ( germen procedit Col); восходить ( astrum procedit V); выходить из уст, раздаваться ( voces procedebant T)
    3) проходить, протекать
    procedente tempore PM, тж. procedentibus annis Pt — с течением времени
    procedente aliquā re Q — в течение (во время) чего-л.
    4) продолжаться, (успешно) продвигаться (opus procedit Cs, Q)
    stipendia или aera procedant alicui L — жалование идёт (начисляется) кому-л.
    5) нарастать, прибавляться ( luna procedit Pall)
    6) преуспевать (in philosophiā C; studiis PJ)
    aetate p. C — подрастать или стариться
    7) доходить, достигать (quem ad finem res processit? C; p. Hyperidis ad famam Pt)
    8) оказывать (надлежащее) действие, действовать ( venenum non processit T)

    Латинско-русский словарь > procedo

  • 16 exercitus [2]

    2. exercitus, ūs, m. (exerceo), I) die Übung, A) eig., Plaut. rud. 296. – B) meton., das taktisch geübte Heer, Kriegsheer (im Plur. v. zwei Heeren od. v. einem Heere, das aus zwei od. mehreren Legionen od. Haufen besteht), fortissimorum militum exercitus, Cic.: ex. pedester, das Fußvolk, Nep.: terrestris, navalis, Liv.: ex. tiro, Liv.: ex. veteranus, Auct. b. Alex.: voluntarius (der Freiwilligen), Liv.: Gallorum mercennarius exercitus, Iustin.: hic urbanus, städtische (in der Stadt ausgehobene), Liv.: Pannonici exercitus (Legionen), Tac.: tot exercituum clades, Sall. fr. – exercitui praeesse, Sall.: exercitus ducere, Sall.: in legatione ducere exercitum, Cic.: alqm exercitui praeficere, Nep.: illum exercitibus praeponere, Iuven. – exercitum scribere, Sall. u. Liv., conscribere, Caes. u. Cic. (vgl. conscribo no. I, A, a): exercitum parare od. comparare, Cic.: exercitum comparare contra alqm, Cic.: exercitus ad rempublicam libertatemque defendendam comparare, Cic.: exercitum conficere, Cic., exercitum invictum ex paternis militibus conficere, Cic.: exercitum cogere, Caes.: exercitum repente conflare, Cic.: exercitum paucis diebus facere, Cic.: exercitum facere argento, Sall. fr.: exercitum accipere, Cic.: exercitus alere, Cic.: alcis exercitum stipendio frumentoque alere, Sall. fr.: exercitum alere contra alqm, Cic.: exercitum habere, Sall., exercitum nullum habere, Cic.: exercitum habere in Gallia oder apud Samum, Caes. u. Nep.: exercitum in unum locum cogere od. conducere od. contrahere, Hirt. b.G. u. Caes.: ab Allobrogibus in Segusiavos exercitum ducere, Caes.: exercitum ducere contra od. adversus, Cic. u. Nep.: exercitum castris continere, Caes.: exercitum ex hibernis movere, Curt.: promovere exercitum in Aetoliam, Iustin.: exercitum educere, Nep., ex castris educere, Caes., in aciem educere, Nep.: exercitum in Africam traducere, Caes.: exercitum exponere (ausschiffen), Caes.: alqm ad exercitum mittere, Nep.: alqm cum exercitu mittere, Nep.: cum exercitu in Hispaniam proficisci, Nep.: exercitum dimittere, Caes.: alqm ab exercitu dimittere, Auct. b. Afr. – bes. das Fußvolk, exercitus equitatusque, exercitus cum equitatu, Caes. u. Liv.: his omnibus diebus exercitum castris continuit, equestri proelio cotidie contendit, Caes. – dah. übtr., a) da das Heer ursprünglich aus den freien Bürgern allein bestand, für die Versammlung der Bürger, -des Volks in den Zenturiatkomitien, Comment. consul. b. Varro LL. 6, 88; vgl. Gell. 15, 27 extr. u. die Auslgg. zu Plaut. capt. 153. – b) poet., ein Heer = eine Menge, ein Schwarm, corvorum, Verg.: Phorci, Meergottheiten, Verg.: meretricum exercitus (neben exoletorum greges), Hieron. epist. 69, 3. – II) die Unruhe, Qual (aber mit Anspielung auf no. I, B, a), Plaut. capt. 155; cist. 58. – / Nom. exercitum, Itala (Laud.) act. apost. 23, 10: Genet. exerciti, Acc. tr. 150 u. 311. Varro de vita P.R. 2. fr. 3 (bei Non. 485, 20). Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 1450: Vokat., exercite caste, Commodian. instr. 2, 26, 1: Genet. Plur. exercitûm, Monum. Anc. 5, 40. Liv. 27, 7, 17 u. 28, 25, 6 H.

    lateinisch-deutsches > exercitus [2]

  • 17 Feld

    Feld, I) eig.: 1) Ebene, Fläche übh.: campus. – das offene, freie F., campus apertus (aber »im fr. F.« auch bl. in aperto: u. »ins fr. F.« in apertum: u. »aus dem fr. F.« ex aperto, bei den Histor. seit Liv.): den Feind in das offene F. locken, hostem in campum deducere. – 2) insbes.: a) Äcker, Land: ager oder der Plur. agri (Gebiet, Flur, im Gegensatz zu Ortschaft; auch wird ager, bes. agri, als Dorf im Ggstz. zur Stadt gesetzt). – arvum od. der Plur. arva (Ackerland, geackertes F., Saat-, Fruchtfeld). – seges od. der Plur. segetes (Saaten auf den Fluren, grünende Saaten). – fundus od. der Plur. fundi (Grundstücke, Feldgut od. – güter). – rus (das Land im Gegensatz zur Hauptstadt, das Dorf mit seinem Zubehör; und rura meton. = die Fluren). – auf dem F. [883] befindlich, lebend, wachsend, agrestis: über F. gehen, peregre exire od. proficisci; rus excurrere (zum Vergnügen). – b) in bezug auf ein Kriegsheer: im F., in castris; in bello: zu Hause u. im F., d. i. im Krieg u. im Frieden, s. Krieg: im F. stehen, im F. sein, in castris esse; militare (Kriegsdienste tun); bell um gerere (Krieg führen): zugleich (miteinander) im F. stehen, simul militare: mit jmd. im F. stehen, bello unā esse cum alqo in castris; cum alqo apud exercitum esse: niemals zu F. gewesen sein, numquam in acie stetisse; numquam castra vidisse: zu F. ziehen, ins F. rücken, ad bellum od. in castra proficisci (v. Soldaten u. v. Feldherrn); bellum capessere (an den Begebenheiten eines Kriegs teilnehmen, von Soldaten, von einer Volksmasse etc.); exercitum od. milites in expeditionem educere (v. Feldherrn): gegen jmd. zu F. ziehen, ins F. rücken, proficisci contra alqm (eig.); oppugnare alqm (bildlich, jmds. Meinung bekämpfen): gegenjmd. im F. stehen, castra habere contra alqm: den Feind aus dem F. schlagen, hostes od. hostium copias fundere (werfen), fugare (in die Flucht schlagen); verb. (= gänzlich) hostes od. hostium copias fundere atque fugare, fugare atque fundere, fundere superareque: das F. behaupten, superiorem discedere (eig. u. bildl.): das F. räumen müssen, inferiorem discedere (eig. u. bildl). – auf dem F. der Ehre sterben, in acie cadere: egregiā morte defungi. – 3) übtr., einzelne Abteilung eines Ganzen, die durch Einfassungen abgeschnitten ist: arĕa. – lacūna (vertieftes F.). – scriptum (F. im Damenbrett). – eine Decke mit vertieften Feldern, s. Decke (ausgelegte). – II) bildl., das Gebiet, in dessen Grenzen sich ein Gegenstand befindet: campus (doch nur dann, wenn campus im bildl. Sinn = Tummelplatz, z.B. honoris et gloriae: ein F., auf dem sich die Rede zeigen kann, campus, in quo oratio exsultare possit: allen ist das F. der Ehre u. des Ruhms geöffnet, omnibus patet honoris et gloriae campus). – Übrig. s. Gebiet no. II.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Feld

  • 18 Lager

    Lager, I) für leblose Dinge: tabulatum (übh. aus Brettern zusammengefügtes Gestell). – cella. horreum (Vorratskammer, Magazin übh.). – apotheca (Weinlager für den trinkbaren Wein). – ein L. von Metallen (im Bergwerk), venae metallorum. – II) für lebende Wesen: 1) für Tiere: cubīle (im allg., Schlaf-od. Ruhestätte, auch das L. wilder Tiere im Walde). – lustrum (Wildhöhle, Wildbahn). – latibulum (der Schlupfwinkel, verborgene Ort, wo sich ein Tier aufhält). – 2) für Menschen: a) als Ruheort: stratum (als hingebreitetes Polster, Matratze etc.). – cubīle (als bleibende Ruhestätte; vgl. »Bett«). – ein L. auf der Erde, cubile humi positum: sein L. mit jmd. teilen, cubile (cubilia) sociare cum alqo. – b) = Feldlager: castra, ōrum,n. pl. – tentoria, ōrum,n. pl.pelles (die Zelte, die den Hauptbestandteil des Lagers ausmachen). – ein L. im Sommer, im Winter, aestiva, ōrum,n. pl.;hiberna, ōrum,n. pl. – ein L. schlagen, aufschlagen, castra ponere, locare, collocare, constituere: an einem passenden Ort, castra loco idoneo facere: ganz in der Nähe der Feinde, dem L. der Feinde gegenüber, castra sua paene hostium castris iungere; castra castris hostium conferre: ein doppeltes L. auff chlagen, castra bifariam facere: zwei L. einander gegenüber aufschlagen, bina castra ex adverso constituere: wo sein Lager aufgeschlagen haben, tendere (seine Zelte haben, z.B. sub vallo, extra vallum, in angusto): das L. abbrechen, castra movere, promovere, proferre: das L. des Feindes erobern, hostem castris exuere.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Lager

  • 19 Lagerort, -platz, -stätte

    Lagerort, -platz, -stätte, locus castrorum; locus castris idoneus. – einen L. auswählen, locum castris capere: einen passenden, locum castris idoneum deligere.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Lagerort, -platz, -stätte

  • 20 contineo

    contĭnĕo, ēre, tĭnŭi, tentum [cum + teneo], tr. [st1]1 [-] tenir de tous côtés, tenir ensemble, maintenir, entourer, envelopper.    - hoc quod continet amplexu terram, Lucr. 5, 319: cet espace qui enveloppe et maintient la terre.    - contine caput, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26: soutiens-moi la tête.    - continere vitem nodo, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187: assujettir la vigne avec un lien. [st1]2 [-] joindre, attacher; sans régime ou au passif: être joint, confiner.    - pons continet oppidum, Caes.: un pont rattache la ville à l'autre rive.    - per hortum utroque commeatus continet, Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43: par le jardin il y a un passage qui communique avec les deux maisons.    - contineri flumine, Caes.: avoir un fleuve pour limite.    - artes cognatione quâdam inter se continentur, Cic. Arch. 1, 2: les arts ont entre eux une liaison réciproque.    - quaestiones quae continentur, Quint.: questions qui se rattachent directement (au fait). [st1]3 [-] conserver, garder intact, retenir.    - continere exercitum, Liv. 28, 2, 16: conserver ses troupes en corps d'armée.    - continere merces, Cic.Vatin. 5.12: garder des marchandises.    - continere rempublicam, Cic.: être un soutien pour la république.    - continere aliquem in officio, Caes.: maintenir qqn dans le devoir.    - continere se in studio, Cic.: persister dans une étude.    - continere odium, Cic.: nourrir de la haine. [st1]4 [-] arrêter, retenir, tenir, bloquer; au fig. réprimer, contenir, maîtriser.    - continere gradum, Virg.: s'arrêter.    - in continendo (s.-ent se), Liv.: en cherchant à se retenir.    - continere animam, Cic.: retenir sa respiration.    - continere exercitum castris, Caes.: contenir ses troupes dans le camp.    - continere aliquem angustissime, Cic.: tenir qqn étroitement enfermé.    - continere se ruri, Ter.: rester à la campagne.    - continere se in occulto, Caes.: se tenir caché.    - se domi continere: s'enfermer chez soi.    - continere librum, Cic. Plin.-jn.: garder un livre, ne pas publier un livre.    - continere vocem, Cic.: se taire.    - continere dictum in aliquem, Cic.: retenir une plaisanterie contre qqn.    - ab aliquo, ab aliqua re continere: tenir éloigné de qqn, de qqch.    - continere suos a proelio, Caes. BG. 1.15: empêcher ses soldats de combattre. [les tenir écartés du combat.)    - continere animum a libidine, Sall.: maîtriser une passion.    - continere se in libidine, Cic.: maîtriser une passion.    - continere se ab adsentiendo, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104: suspendre son assentiment.    - omnes lex una continebit, Cic.: une seule loi obligera tous les hommes.    - vix contineor, Ter.: j'ai peine à me maîtriser.    - male me contineo, Ov.: j'ai peine à me maîtriser.    - nequeo contineri quin...: je ne puis m'empêcher de...    - nequeo continere (s.-ent. me) quin...: je ne puis m'empêcher de...    - nequeo continere quin loquar, Plaut. Men. 2.1.28: je ne peux m'empêcher de parler.    - non contineri ne, quin, ou quominus + subj.: ne pas être empêché de. [st1]5 [-] renfermer, embrasser, posséder; au passif: consister en, dépendre de.    - continere in se vim caloris, Cic.: avoir une chaleur intérieure.    - continere medicinas, Plin.: posséder des vertus médicinales.    - continere spatium, Caes.: occuper un espace.    - quando... quartus liber continet, Quint. 11, 1, 59: le quatrième livre enseigne à quel moment...    - tabulae quibus continebatur, Quint.: les registres où il était dit que...    - comitia quae rem militarem continent, Liv.: les comices qui règlent l'administration de la guerre.    - quod maxime rem continebat, Cic.: ce qui était l'essentiel.    - causae quibus hae res continentur, Cic.: les principes dont ces choses procèdent.    - contineri aliqua re: [être contenu dans qqch] = consister en qqch.    - contineri simulatione, Cic.: consister dans la dissimulation.    - contineri conjecturā, Cic.: reposer sur des conjectures.    - voir contentus.
    * * *
    contĭnĕo, ēre, tĭnŭi, tentum [cum + teneo], tr. [st1]1 [-] tenir de tous côtés, tenir ensemble, maintenir, entourer, envelopper.    - hoc quod continet amplexu terram, Lucr. 5, 319: cet espace qui enveloppe et maintient la terre.    - contine caput, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26: soutiens-moi la tête.    - continere vitem nodo, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187: assujettir la vigne avec un lien. [st1]2 [-] joindre, attacher; sans régime ou au passif: être joint, confiner.    - pons continet oppidum, Caes.: un pont rattache la ville à l'autre rive.    - per hortum utroque commeatus continet, Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43: par le jardin il y a un passage qui communique avec les deux maisons.    - contineri flumine, Caes.: avoir un fleuve pour limite.    - artes cognatione quâdam inter se continentur, Cic. Arch. 1, 2: les arts ont entre eux une liaison réciproque.    - quaestiones quae continentur, Quint.: questions qui se rattachent directement (au fait). [st1]3 [-] conserver, garder intact, retenir.    - continere exercitum, Liv. 28, 2, 16: conserver ses troupes en corps d'armée.    - continere merces, Cic.Vatin. 5.12: garder des marchandises.    - continere rempublicam, Cic.: être un soutien pour la république.    - continere aliquem in officio, Caes.: maintenir qqn dans le devoir.    - continere se in studio, Cic.: persister dans une étude.    - continere odium, Cic.: nourrir de la haine. [st1]4 [-] arrêter, retenir, tenir, bloquer; au fig. réprimer, contenir, maîtriser.    - continere gradum, Virg.: s'arrêter.    - in continendo (s.-ent se), Liv.: en cherchant à se retenir.    - continere animam, Cic.: retenir sa respiration.    - continere exercitum castris, Caes.: contenir ses troupes dans le camp.    - continere aliquem angustissime, Cic.: tenir qqn étroitement enfermé.    - continere se ruri, Ter.: rester à la campagne.    - continere se in occulto, Caes.: se tenir caché.    - se domi continere: s'enfermer chez soi.    - continere librum, Cic. Plin.-jn.: garder un livre, ne pas publier un livre.    - continere vocem, Cic.: se taire.    - continere dictum in aliquem, Cic.: retenir une plaisanterie contre qqn.    - ab aliquo, ab aliqua re continere: tenir éloigné de qqn, de qqch.    - continere suos a proelio, Caes. BG. 1.15: empêcher ses soldats de combattre. [les tenir écartés du combat.)    - continere animum a libidine, Sall.: maîtriser une passion.    - continere se in libidine, Cic.: maîtriser une passion.    - continere se ab adsentiendo, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104: suspendre son assentiment.    - omnes lex una continebit, Cic.: une seule loi obligera tous les hommes.    - vix contineor, Ter.: j'ai peine à me maîtriser.    - male me contineo, Ov.: j'ai peine à me maîtriser.    - nequeo contineri quin...: je ne puis m'empêcher de...    - nequeo continere (s.-ent. me) quin...: je ne puis m'empêcher de...    - nequeo continere quin loquar, Plaut. Men. 2.1.28: je ne peux m'empêcher de parler.    - non contineri ne, quin, ou quominus + subj.: ne pas être empêché de. [st1]5 [-] renfermer, embrasser, posséder; au passif: consister en, dépendre de.    - continere in se vim caloris, Cic.: avoir une chaleur intérieure.    - continere medicinas, Plin.: posséder des vertus médicinales.    - continere spatium, Caes.: occuper un espace.    - quando... quartus liber continet, Quint. 11, 1, 59: le quatrième livre enseigne à quel moment...    - tabulae quibus continebatur, Quint.: les registres où il était dit que...    - comitia quae rem militarem continent, Liv.: les comices qui règlent l'administration de la guerre.    - quod maxime rem continebat, Cic.: ce qui était l'essentiel.    - causae quibus hae res continentur, Cic.: les principes dont ces choses procèdent.    - contineri aliqua re: [être contenu dans qqch] = consister en qqch.    - contineri simulatione, Cic.: consister dans la dissimulation.    - contineri conjecturā, Cic.: reposer sur des conjectures.    - voir contentus.
    * * *
        Contineo, contines, pen. cor. continui, contentum, continere. Plaut. Tenir serré et ferme.
    \
        Coercet et continet mundus omnia suo complexu. Cicero. Contient, Embrasse.
    \
        Adiungi et contineri. Cic. Estre conjoinct.
    \
        Nec vlla res vehementius Rempub. continet, quam fides. Cic. Entretient, Conserve.
    \
        Virtus amicitiam et gignit, et continet. Cic. Entretient.
    \
        Odorem continere. Plin. Conserver et entretenir longuement la senteur et bonne odeur.
    \
        Homines venis, neruis, et ossibus continentur. Cic. Sont assemblez et conjoincts, Faicts et composez.
    \
        Belluas immanes septis continere. Cicero. Tenir encloses, Enclorre, Enfermer.
    \
        Continere canes catenis per diem. Columel. Tenir serrez et encheinez.
    \
        Continere ciuitatem in officio. Caesar. Garder les citoyens de faire autrement qu'à poinct, Les contenir en leur debvoir et obeissance, Les garder qu'ils ne facent desobeissance et rebellion.
    \
        Equos fraenis continere. Senec. Retenir, Arrester, Gouverner.
    \
        Continere exercitum vel equitatum castris. Caesar. Retenir dedens le camp, Garder qu'il ne sorte hors.
    \
        Aluum continere. Plin. Reserrer le ventre.
    \
        Animam. Cic. Retenir son haleine.
    \
        Audita. Terent. Tenir secret ce qu'on a ouy.
    \
        Dicta in aliquem continere. Cic. Se garder de broquarder aucun.
    \
        Tacitum dolorem. Liu. Celer sa douleur, N'en dire mot.
    \
        Tacitum continere gaudium non poterat. Liu. Il ne povoit celer sa joye. \ Gradum. Virgil. S'arrester.
    \
        Impetum militum. Liu. Retenir la fureur des gensdarmes.
    \
        Iracundiam. Brutus. Contenir son courroux et en estre maistre.
    \
        Lachrymas. Plaut. Retenir ses larmes, Se garder de plourer.
    \
        Linguam. Cic. Se garder de parler folement, Retenir et arrester, ou contenir sa langue.
    \
        Manus. Terent. Se garder de frapper.
    \
        Continere manus alicuius ab aliquo. Cic. L'engarder qu'il ne le frappe.
    \
        Risum. Plaut. Se garder de rire.
    \
        Nec priuata domus parietibus continere vocem coniurationis tuae potest. Cic. Les murailles de la maison ne peuvent tenir secret ta conjuration.
    \
        Vocem non continere. Plin. Ne se povoir garder de parler.
    \
        In ieiunio continere aliquem. Celsus. Le garder de manger.
    \
        Continere se. Plautus, Me nequeo continere quin loquar. Je ne me puis garder de parler, ou Que je ne parle.
    \
        Vix me contineo quin, etc. Terent. A grand peine me garde je, ou Tiens je que, etc.
    \
        Male se continere. Ouid. A grand peine se tenir.
    \
        Contineo me ab exemplis Graecis. Cic. Je me deporte et abstiens de bailler, ou alleguer exemples des Grecs.
    \
        Continere se in aliqua libidine, et in alia se effundere. Cic. Se garder et contenir d'une affection desordonnee, et s'abandonner à une autre.
    \
        Continere sese in occulto. Caesar. Ne se monstrer point.
    \
        Continere se finibus rerum suarum. Cic. Estre content de ce qu'on ha.
    \
        Si suis iuris finibus matronas contineret pudor. Liuius. Si elles se mesloyent de ce dont elles ont à faire, et non d'autre chose.
    \
        Continere se domi aut ruri. Plautus. Se tenir ou demourer aux champs.
    \
        Domi, atque intra priuatos parietes aliquem continere. Quintil. Le garder de sortir de la maison.
    \
        Continere animo ac memoria. Cic. Retenir en sa memoire.
    \
        Continere aluo dicitur mulier. Cic. Avoir en son ventre.
    \
        Continet me tempestas. Plaut. Me retarde et retient.
    \
        Continet epistola tertia, esse tibi redditam orationem. Plin. iunior. Elle contient.
    \
        Continetur publica salus incolumitate illius. Plin. iunior. Le salut du peuple pend de sa santé.
    \
        Continentur artes cognatione quadam inter se. Cic. S'entretiennent et sont alliees les unes avec les autres.
    \
        Contineri nomine familiae. Cic. Estre comprins soubs ce nom de famille.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > contineo

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См. также в других словарях:

  • Castris — Castris, Sorte Languedocwein …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • In praetoriis leones, in castris lepores. — См. Перед сильными мы зайцы, Перед слабыми слоны …   Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)

  • Leone de Castris, Arcangelo — (Salice Salentino, Lecce 1929 ) critico letterario collab./opere: “Convivium” …   Dizionario biografico elementare del Novecento letterario italiano

  • CASTCORNQ — Castris cornicen Quintus, Castris cornicularius Quintus …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CAINTER — castris interfectus …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASAR — castris armorum …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASC — castris Caius …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASECM — Castris secutor Marcus …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASTAB — castris tabularius …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASTC — Castris Caius …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • CASTL — Castris Lucius …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

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