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121 πταίω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to nudge, to crash into, to stumble, to err, to have bad luck' (IA.); rarely trans. `to knock over' (Pi. fr. 205, LXX).Other forms: Aor. πταῖσαι, fut. πταίσω, also perf. (Youngatt., hell.) ἔπταικα, pass. (late) πταισθῆναι, ἔπταισμαι.Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. προσ-.Derivatives: πταῖσμα ( πρόσ- πταίω) n. `push, fault, misfortune, defeat' (IA., Thgn.), πρόσπταισις f. `push, stumble, collision' (D. H.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive word without clear etymology. A general similarity show παίω, ῥαίω, also - κναίω a.o., which may have influenced the formation of πταίω; on the anlaut cf. πτίσσω, πτήσσω. After Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 55 through metathesis pt- from tp- as zero grade of OCS tepù `beat' etc.; pricipally to be considered. Against connection with πέτομαι (Persson Beitr. 2, 825; s. Bq) rightly WP. 2, 21. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πταίω
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122 πτύρομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to get scared, to become shy' (Hp., D. S., Ep. Phil., Plu.); ἀπο-πτύρω `to scare' (Gloss.).Other forms: Aor. πτυρῆναι (late).Compounds: Also w. κατα-.Derivatives: πτυρτικός `fearful, scared' (Arist., Str.), πτυρμός as explanation of πτοία (H., Phot.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. In anlaut agreeing to the in meaning close πτήσσω, πτοηθῆναι (by Persson Beitr. 1, 429 n. 1 and Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 56 conneted), in ending reminding of the semantic group ὀδύρομαι, μύρομαι a.o.; but hardly a cross of both a Frisk proposes. -- Acc. to Prellwitz (agreeing Walde Stand u. Aufgaben 184) from a `sound-gesture' like NHG purr. Older lit. with hypotheses that must be rejected (Lat. con-sternāre a.o.) in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτύρομαι
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123 πτύ̄ω
πτύ̄ωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to spew, to spit' (Hom.).Other forms: Aor. πτύ-σαι (Hom.), pass. πτυ-σθῆναι, - ῆναι (Hp.), fut. πτύσ-ω, - ομαι (IA.), perf. ἔπτυκα (late).Derivatives: 1. ἀπό-, κατά-πτυστος `worth to be spat upon, abominable' (Anacr., trag., also Att. prose); 2. πτύσις ( ἔκ-, ἔμ-, ἀνά-) f. `the spewing' (Hp., Arist.); 3. πτυσμός m. `id.' (Hp.); 4. πτύσμα ( ἔμ-, ἀπό-, κατά-) n. `spittle' (Hp., Plb., LXX); 5. ἀπο-πτυστήρ m. "the spitter" (Opp.); 6. πτυάς, - άδος f. des. of a venomous snake (Gal. a. o.); 7. πτύ-αλον, - ελον n. (- ος m.) `spittle' (Hp., Arist.), from which - αλώδης `spittle-like', - αλίζω, - ελίζω `to secrete spittle' with - αλισμός (- ελ-) m. (Hp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [999] *spi̯(e)uH- `spew, spit'Etymology: Beside the present πτύ̄-ω with long vowel (Schwyzer 686, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 373) there is the aorist πτῠ́-σαι with short vowel as in ἐρῠ́-σαι, ἀρῠ́-σαι a.o.; after this πτῠ́-σις and with anorganic σ πτύσ-μα, - μός a.o. -- Onomatop. expression, found in several languages in somewhat varying form: Lat. spuō, Germ., e.g. Goth. speiwan, Lith. spiáu-ju, -ti (from * spieuH-?), and in Skt. (niḥ-)ṣṭhī́vati (spiHu̯-? with t-v dissimilated from p-v); without s- as πτύω: CS pljujǫ, plǰьvati (from *pi̯u-\/pi̯uu̯-?), Arm. t`uk` `spittle' with t`k`-anem `spew, spit'; with diff. sequence of sounds Alb. pshtyj (Mann Lang. 26, 387). Greek πτ- can, if old, agree with Arm. t` ; if for older πι̯- OCS plǰujǫ and Lith. spiáuju can be compared. On the attempts to reduce the deviating forms to one preform, cf. Schwyzer 325 Zus. 3, WP. 2, 683 (Pok. 999f.), W.-Hofmann s. spuō (all w. lit.); further Collinder Ein indoeuropäisches Wohllautgesetz (Uppsala 1943) 9 f., 14. Well-founded objections against assuming a strict base-form for this popular-expressive expression in Persson Beitr. 1, 270 and Ernout-Meillet s. spuō. -- Greek too presents several variants: ἀπο-, ἐκ-πῡ-τίζω (Hp., com., Arist.; simplex πυτιζω only EM), prob. expressively enlarged with dissimilation (Lat. LW [loanword] pytissāre, cf. Leumann Kl. Schr. 159 w. n.1); Dor. ἐπι-φθύσδω = ἐπιπτύω (Theoc.); ψύττει πτύει and σίαι πτύσαι. Πάφιοι H. with σίαλον (s.d.).Page in Frisk: 2,617-618Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτύ̄ω
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124 πῡγή
πῡγήGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `behind, rump' (Archil.).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. πυγο-στόλος `decorating the rump' (Hes.; Martinazzoli Par. del Pass. 15, 209ff.), κατά-πυγος (H., Phot.) with - πυγότερος, - πυγότατος (Sophr., Epigr. Gr.), and - πύγων, - ωνος m. `voluptuous, lewd' (Arist.); f. κατα-πύγαινα (Att. amphora; Ed. Fraenkel Glotta 34, 42ff. w. lit.); on the insect-name πυγο-λαμπίς (Arist.) s. Strömberg Wortstud. 13f.Derivatives: 1. Diminutives πυγ-ίον n. (Tab. Defix.), - ίδιον n. (Ar.); 2. subst. πυγ-αῖον n. `the behind' (Hp., Arist.), - εών, - ῶνος m. `buttocks, arse (Hippon. 92; after κενεών, cf. Masson ad loc.); 3. Adv. - ηδόν `with the behind foremost, arse to arse' (Arist.), - ιστί meaning unclear (Hippon. 92; cf. Masson ad loc..); 4. Verb - ίζω `paedico' (Ar.) with - ισμα (Theoc.). Hypostasis ἐμ-πύγ-ια n. pl. `behind, region of the buttocks' (pap. Ia).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Word of everyday-language, completely avoided by feeling of decency in the ep. poetry and the higher lit. (Wackernagel Unt. 225 f.). -- No convincing etymology. The phonetic identity with Skt. pūga- `multitude, mass' etc. (Wood IF 18, 29, Persson Beitr. 1, 244 f.) does not mean much; s. Mayrhofer s.v. and below on πύννος. After Holthausen IF 20, 329 however to πύξ, πυγμή (s.v.) like NHG Steiß to stoßen, semant. certainly acceptable, but nevertheless, a. o. because of the vowellength, doubtful. Diff. Bezzenberger BB 27, 176f. (to πύματος etc.; s.v.). Combinations with German. to be rejected by Holthausen KZ 74,244. -- Prob. a Pre-Greek word (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,618-619Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡγή
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125 πύννος
Grammatical information: m.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Popular word with expressive gemination (Meillet BSL 26, 15f., Specht KZ 62, 213f.). The gen. similarity with πυγή (s. v.), Skt. putau `the two hindmost parts' (onlt Lex. Xp), Latv. pun(i)s `lump, bump', Lith. putà f. `foam-bubble' a.o. is esp. by Persson Beitr. 1, 241 ff. discussed with further connection to * peu-, pū̆- `blow (up)'. Further in WP. 2, 79ff., 82 (also to pū̆- `stink'?), Pok. 847ff.; further Bechtel Dial. 2, 379, Specht Ursprung 217; also W.-Hofmann s. puppis, Fraenkel s. pūnė̃ 2., Mayrhofer s. putau. -- The word may rather be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,626Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύννος
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126 πύξος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `box tree, box wood' (Arist., hell.).Compounds: Few compp., e.g. παρά-πυξος `inlaid with π.' (Cratin.).Derivatives: 1. πυξ-ίον n. `writing-table (made of π.)' (com.); 2. - ίς f. `box (made of π.)' (hell.); 3. - ίδιον n. dimin. of 1. a. 2. (Ar., pap.); 4. πύξ-ινος `made of π., π.-colour' (Ω 269, Att.); 5. - ίνεος `id.' (AP); 6. - ώδης 'π.-like', of the colour (Dsc.); 7. -( ε)ών, -( ε)ῶνος `box tree grove' (gramm.); 8. - ίζω 'to be π.-coloured' (medic.); 9. Πυξοῦς, - οῦντος m. river and town in Lucania, Lat. Buxen- tum (Krahe Beitr. zur Namenforsch. 2, 233 w. lit.); also 10. Πυξίτης m. river near Trapezus in Asia Minor (Arr. a.o.; Redard 175)?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] ItalyEtymology: Foreign word of unknown origin. After Scardigli Sprache 6, 220 ff. (with extensive treatment w. lit.) Anatolian, and like Arm. boys `plant' from IE * bheu- `grow' (s. φύω). Diff., even more improbable, Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 22 and REGr. 69, 284 (to IE * bheugh- `bow'). Earlier attempts at explanation from IE in Bq. From πύξος, - ίς, - ινον Lat. buxus (hardly independent loan), pyxis, pyxinum (s.W.-Hofmann s. vv. w. further lit.); from there the modern Eur. forms (Fr. buis, NHG Büchse, Engl. box etc.). -- Furnée157 stresses that the tree is at home in Italy, not in Asia Minor or Greece (Schrader-Nehrin RL s. Buxus).Page in Frisk: 2,626Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύξος
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127 πῡός 2
πῡός 2.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `animal-milk, first breast-milk' (com.).Derivatives: Besides πυετία, also (with contr. resp. metathesis) πυτία, πιτύα f. `clotted milk, rennet' (Arist., hell.), from *πυετός, to πυός as παγετός to πάγος a.o. (Schwyzer 501; diff. Scheller Oxytonierung 52, where many details).Etymology: Prob. in essence identical with πύον, πύος `pus' (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 848f), but with gender and accent after ὀρός, τυρός, which belong to the same sphere of meaning. The byforms πύαρ and πύας (if the tradition is correct) after ἔαρ, πῖαρ, resp. ἅλας, κρέας a.o. Both the consistency and other properties (smell, fermentation etc.) may have caused the transference. The expressions for congeal, getting sour, ferment, also of rotting touch each other now and then, e.g. Skt. śara- m. `sour cream', also śáras- n. `skin on cooked milk', Lat. cariēs `decay', both to the verb for `break' in Skt. śr̥ṇā́ti, κεραΐζω (s.v.) a.o., ptc. śīrṇá- `rotten, spoiled', to which also Lat. colostra `beesting', if from * corostra, may belong; s. Lidén KZ 61, 1ff. w. extensive treatment. -- Not with Persson Beitr. 1, 259 n. 3, Bq and Hofmann Et. Wb. s.v. (all hesitating) to Skt. púṣyati `thrive' (IE * pu-s- `swell').Page in Frisk: 2,627Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡός 2
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128 ῥᾶ (1)
ῥᾶGrammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `easy' (Alcm., S.Fr. 1086, Ion. trag.).Other forms: ep. ῥῆα (wr. ῥεῖα), ῥέα (monosyll. reading necessary or possible; so for Aeol. ῥᾶ?), Ion. ῥέᾱ (Simon.), Aeol. βρᾶ ( = Ϝρᾶ, gramm., ῥῆα in Alc. homerism or mistake of the tradit.).Compounds: As 1. member in ῥᾳ-θυμος `lighthearted, carefree' (Att.) from *ῥαΐ-θυμος (as καλλί-ζωνος a.o.), if not secondary for the well attested ῥά-θυμος (Wackernagel Hell. 26 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1057).Derivatives: Comp.forms: comp. ep. ῥηΐτερον, Ion. ῥῄτερον (Thgn.), Dor. ῥᾳτερον (Pi.), also Ion. ῥήϊον, Att. ῥᾳ̃ον; to this ῥᾶσσον (gramm. in EM) after θᾶσσον (Seiler Steigerungsformen 73); sup. ep. ῥηΐτατα, Ion. ῥήϊστα, Dor. ῥάϊστα (Theoc.), Att. ῥᾳ̃στα. From the adv. arose the adj. forms ῥηΐτερος, ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳων, ῥᾳ̃στος; from ῥῆα, ῥᾶ the pos. ῥη-ϊδίως, Att. ῥᾳδίως, Aeol. βρα-ϊδίως (Alc.), to which the adj. ῥηΐδιος, ῥᾳδιος (like μαψ-ιδίως, - ίδιος a.o.); to this ῥᾳδιέστερος a. o. -- From ῥήϊον, ῥᾳ̃ον: ῥηΐζω, ῥαΐζω, aor. - ίσαι `to recover' (IA.) and ῥαΐαν ὑγείαν H. From ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳ̃στος: ῥῃστώνη, ῥᾳστώνη f. `recovery, leisurely condition, leisure' (IA.); formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff., Meid IF 62, 277. Further details in Schwyzer 467 a. 539, Wackernagel Verm. Beitr. 11ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 772ff.), Seiler Steigerungsformen 72f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 18 n. 10.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From ep. ῥῆα and Aeol. βρᾶ we reconstruct PGr. *Ϝρᾶα, which can stand for *Ϝρᾶσ-α, perh. for *Ϝρᾶι̯-α; on the ending -α Schwyzer 622. No doubt old, inherited word, but without certain etymology. After Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1918, 281 f. prop. `raisable' (Lat. levis: levāre), to Lith. viršùs `the upper', Skt. vársman-'hight', to which also ἀπηύρα, ἀπούρας (doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 11, 249). To ἀπηύρα (but further diff.) also Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff. Still diff. Specht KZ 59, 93ff.: to ἀραιός `thin' (s. Schwyzer 539 w. n. 3). Szemerényi, Welt d. Slaven (1967) 272f. connects Av. uruuāza- `joy, bliss', from IE *u̯rādh-s- (but then the -s- would have been preserved in Greek); Pisani Acme 8(1955)117f.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥᾶ (1)
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