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1 as one goes
фраз. по мере роста (перехода, возрастания и т. д.); в рабочем порядке; как это бываетAs one goes to higher and higher bases, numbers become shorter and shorter.
She's a good daughter as daughters go.Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > as one goes
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2 as somebody goes
фраз. по мере роста (перехода, возрастания и т. д.); в рабочем порядке; как это бываетAs one goes to higher and higher bases, numbers become shorter and shorter.
She's a good daughter as daughters go.Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > as somebody goes
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3 as someone goes
фраз. по мере роста (перехода, возрастания и т. д.); в рабочем порядке; как это бываетAs one goes to higher and higher bases, numbers become shorter and shorter.
She's a good daughter as daughters go.Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > as someone goes
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4 Article 125
1. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation consists of 19 judges.2. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation upon requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, one fifth of the members of the Council of the Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall consider cases on the correspondence to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:a) the federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;b) the constitutions of republics, charters, and also the laws and other normative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation adopted on the issues under the jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation or under the joint jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; d) international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation which have not come into force.3. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation shall resolve disputes on jurisdiction matters:a) between the federal bodies of state authority;b) between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) between the higher bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation.4. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon complaints about violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens and upon court requests shall check, according to the rules fixed by the federal law, the constitutional of a law applied or subject to be applied in a concrete case.5. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 6. Acts or their certain provisions recognized as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall not be liable for enforcement and application. 7. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the request of the Council of the Federation, shall provide a conclusion on the observance of the fixed procedure for advancing charges of treason or of another grave crime against the President of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 125[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 125[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 125[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 125
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5 получать
несовер. - получать;
совер. - получить( кого-л./что-л.) receive, get;
obtain (доставать) ;
catch, get, contract (болезнь) получать пальму первенства ≈ to bear the palm получать широкое применение ≈ to be widely adopted получать/сдавать зачет( по чему-л.) ≈ to pass a test (in) получить всеобщее признание ≈ to be generally recognized получать признание ≈ to be accorded recognition, to obtain recognition получать огласку ≈ to become known;
to receive publicity;
to be made known;
to take air получать одобрение ≈ to meet with approval получать преимущество ≈ to get the better (of) ;
to get the start (of) ;
to come( over) получать повышение ≈ (по службе) to better oneself получать по заслугам ≈ to meet one's deserts, to meet with one's deserts, to get one's fairing, to get one's bitters амер. получать наследство ≈ to come into a fortune получать взбучку ≈ to have one's gruel;
to get it on the nose получать расчет ≈ to get lay-off pay, to receive lay-off pay получать нагоняй ≈ to get one's pennyworth;
to catch it, to get it, to get it hot разг. получать в подарок ≈ to receive as a present/gift получать патент ≈ to take out a patent получать поддержку ≈ to get/derive encouragement( from), to receive powerful backing( from) получать прибавку ≈ to get a rise получать прибыль ≈ to get a profit (out of), to receive a profit (from) ;
to profit (by/from) получать приз ≈ to win a prize получить по шее ≈ to get it in the neckполуч|ать -, получить (вн.) receive (smth.), get* (smth.) ;
(добиваться тж.) obtain (smth.) ;
получить письмо receive а letter;
~ газету take* а paper;
~ зарплату receive one`s wages;
~ доступ к чему-л. get* admission to smth. ;
получить среднее, высшее образование receive/have* а secondary, higher education;
получить профессуру be* appointed to а professorship;
~ огласку receive publicity;
~ повышение get* promotion;
получить насморк catch*/get* а cold;
получить выговор be* reprimanded;
~ лицензию obtain a license;
получить чьё-л. согласие obtain/get* smb.`s consent;
получить признание receive recognition;
~аться, получиться come* out;
что получилось? what was the result of it?, what came of it?;
результаты получились совершенно неожиданные the results were quite unexpected;
может быть, из него получится хороший музыкант he may make a fine musician, he may turn out a fine musician;
~ение с. receipt;
для ~ения in order to receive;
подтвердить ~ение (рд.) acknowlege the receipt (of) ;
расписка в ~ении receipt;
по ~ении on receiving.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > получать
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6 flight
̈ɪflaɪt I
1. сущ.
1) полет to take a flight ≈ лететь на самолете to take one's flight, wing one's flight ≈ улететь to overbook a flight ≈ продать больше билетов на рейс, чем имеется посадочных мест chartered flight ≈ чартерный рейс coast-to-coast flight ≈ трансатлантический рейс cross-country flight ≈ перелет через всю страну direct flight ≈ прямой рейс maiden flight ≈ первый полет (самолета) manned flight ≈ пилотируемый полет nonstop flight ≈ полет без промежуточной посадки, беспосадочный перелет reconnaissance flight ≈ разведывательный/испытательный полет space flight ≈ космический полет unmanned flight ≈ непилотируемый полет birds in flight ≈ птицы в полете watching the flight of the clouds ≈ наблюдая, как плывут облака flight over the South Pole ≈ полет над Южным полюсом At that moment the plane was in flight over the Mediterranean. ≈ В это время самолет летел над Средиземным морем. Supersonic flight could become a routine form of travel in the 21st century. ≈ Полет на сверхзвуковых скоростях может стать каждодневной реальностью в 21 веке. flight path flight book
2) перелет;
авиац. рейс Some birds are incapable of flight. ≈ Некоторые птицы не способны к перелетам. on the flight to Chicago ≈ по пути в Чикаго a flight from Philadelphia to Frankfurt ≈ полет/рейс из Филадельфии во Франкфурт A flight will take four hours. ≈ Перелет займет три часа. Syn: flying, soaring, air travel, winging;
plane trip;
space travel
3) быстрое течение, бег (времени) There is no way to stop the flight of time. ≈ Остановить течение времени невозможно. Syn: rush, swift movement, quick passage
4) порыв, вспышка, взрыв( фантазии и т. п.) ;
нечто, отклоняющееся от нормального течения flights of eloquence ≈ поток красноречия flight of wit ≈ проблеск остроумия Temple had some thoughts of trying opium, which he believed a higher flight, but Singleton dissuaded him. ≈ Темплу хотелось попробовать опиум, что, как ему казалось, даст высшее раскрепощение, но Синглтон разубедил его.
5) а) расстояние полета, перелета (которое может одолеть птица) б) расстояние, пролетаемое реактивным снарядом, ракетой
6) а) ряд ступеней;
пролет лестницы We walked in silence up a flight of stairs and down a long corridor. ≈ В тишине мы миновали лестничный пролет, а затем пошли по длинному коридору. б) ряд шлюзов (на канале) в) ряд барьеров (на скачках)
7) а) стая( птиц) A flight of green parrots shot out of the cedar forest. ≈ Стая волнистых попугаев пронеслась над зарослями кипарисового леса. б) звено, отряд( самолетов) ∙ Syn: flock, flying group, squadron, wing в) град( стрел, пуль и т. п.) ;
залп
8) разг. выводок( птиц) March flight ≈ мартовский выводок
9) перо( стрелы дарта)
10) шелуха( овса, мякины и т. п.) ;
скорлупа, оболочка( кофейных зерен) ∙ in the first flight ≈ в первых рядах, в авангарде
2. гл.
1) совершать перелет;
слетаться( о стае птиц) geese flighting on the marsh ≈ гуси, слетающиеся на болото
2) стрелять по летящей птице
3) вставлять перья в стрелу, оперять II сущ.
1) бегство, поспешное отступление;
побег to take flight ≈ бежать in flight ≈ отступая to seek safety in flight ≈ спасаться бегством to put to flight ≈ обращать в бегство Their army was put to flight. ≈ Их армии пришлось бежать The enemy was in full flight. ≈ Враг поспешно отступал. take to flight take flight Syn: rout, retreat, escape, withdrawal, hasty departure, running away, fleeing;
exodus, hegira
2) экон. утечка( капитала за границу) полет - the * of a bee полет пчелы - a bird of swift * быстрокрылая птица - a manned * to other planets полет человека на другие планеты - home * (авиация) обратный полет - instrument * (авиация) полет по приборам, слепой полет - * indicator авиагоризонт - * accident авиационная катастрофа - * course курс полета - * book (авиация) бортовой журнал - * commander( военное) командир авиазвена - * conveyer скребковый транспортер - * hours летные часы - * plan (авиация) план полета;
полетный лист - * personnel( военное) летно-подъемный состав - * service( авиация) диспетчерская служба, служба обеспечения полетов - * range( авиация) дальность полета;
радиус действия - * mechanic бортмеханик - * radio operator бортрадист перелет - the spring and autumn *s of birds весенние и осенние перелеты птиц - continuous /non-stop/ * (авиация) беспосадочный перелет - * took two hours перелет продолжался два часа (авиация) рейс - F. 447 is ready to leave заканчивается посадка на самолет, вылетающий рейсом 447 - commercial *s коммерческие рейсы быстрое течение (времени) подъем, возбуждение, порыв - * of imagination игра воображения стая (птиц, насекомых) град (пуль, стрел) (авиация) звено, отряд (самолетов) pl маховые перья( спортивное) ряд барьеров на скачках ряд шлюзов (на канале) лестничный марш;
пролет лестницы скребок, лопасть в грам, знач. прил.: (авиация) (космонавтика) штатный( об оборудовании) > maiden * первый полет (самолета) > in the first * в первых рядах, в авангарде бегство;
побег - wild * паническое бегство - to be in * from бежать от - to put /to turn/ to * обращать в бегство - to take (to) * обращаться в бегство, бежать - to seek safety in * искать спасения в бегстве утечка - * of money abroad утечка валюты за границу обращать в бегство;
пугать оперять (стрелу) стрелять по движущейся цели лететь, совершать перелет стаей (о птицах) ~ полет (тж. перен.) ;
birds in flight птицы в полете;
to take (или to wing) one's flight улететь capital ~ бегство капитала charter ~ чартерный рейс connecting ~ рейс сообщения domestic ~ ав. внутренний рейс flight бегство, поспешное отступление;
побег;
to seek safety in flight спасаться бегством ~ быстрое течение (времени) ~ разг. выводок (птиц) ~ град (стрел, пуль и т. п.) ;
залп ~ звено (самолетов) ~ перелет ~ полет, рейс ~ полет ~ полет (тж. перен.) ;
birds in flight птицы в полете;
to take (или to wing) one's flight улететь ~ расстояние полета, перелета ~ рейс ~ ав. рейс ~ ряд барьеров (на скачках) ~ ряд ступеней;
пролет лестницы ~ ряд шлюзов (на канале) ~ совершать перелет;
слетаться (о стае птиц) ~ стая (птиц) flight ~ стая (птиц) flight ~ утечка (капитала) ~ attr.: ~ path направление полета (самолета) ~ book ав. бортовой журнал;
in the first flight в первых рядах, в авангарде;
занимающий ведущее место ~ of capital утечка капитала a ~ of fancy( или imagination) полет фантазии;
a flight of wit проблеск остроумия a ~ of fancy (или imagination) полет фантазии;
a flight of wit проблеск остроумия ~ attr.: ~ path направление полета (самолета) ~ path воен. траектория полета ~ book ав. бортовой журнал;
in the first flight в первых рядах, в авангарде;
занимающий ведущее место inspection ~ инспекционный полет private ~ частный рейс to put to ~ обращать в бегство;
to take (to) flight обращаться в бегство put: to ~ to death предавать смерти, убивать, казнить;
to put to flight обратить в бегство;
to put into a rage разгневать flight бегство, поспешное отступление;
побег;
to seek safety in flight спасаться бегством to put to ~ обращать в бегство;
to take (to) flight обращаться в бегство ~ полет (тж. перен.) ;
birds in flight птицы в полете;
to take (или to wing) one's flight улететь test ~ испытательный полет -
7 law
̈ɪlɔ: I сущ.
1) а) закон (регулирующий, предписывающий акт) according to the law ≈ по закону to administer, apply, enforce a law ≈ применять закон to annul, repeal, revoke a law ≈ аннулировать, опротестовать закон to be at law with smb. ≈ быть в тяжбе с кем-л. to break, flout, violate a law ≈ нарушить, преступить закон to cite a law ≈ цитировать закон to declare a law unconstitutional ≈ объявить закон противоречащим конституции (в США) to draft a law ≈ готовить законопроект to interpret a law ≈ толковать закон to obey, observe a law ≈ соблюдать закон, подчиняться закону to promulgate a law ≈ опубликовать закон to take the law into one's own hands ≈ расправиться без суда fair, just law ≈ справедливый закон stringent law ≈ строгий закон unfair law ≈ несправедливый закон unwritten law ≈ неписаный закон There is no law against fishing. ≈ Нет закона, запрещающего рыбную ловлю. It is against the law to smoke in an elevator. ≈ По закону запрещено курить в лифте. in law ≈ по закону, законно to adopt a law ≈ принимать закон to enact a law ≈ принимать закон to go beyond the law ≈ совершить противозаконный поступок to keep within the law ≈ придерживаться закона to lay down the law ≈ формулировать закон to pass a law ≈ принимать закон higher law ≈ божественный закон shield law ≈ закон об охране конфиденциальности antitrust law blue law conflict-of-interest law sunset law sunshine law lynch law Mosaic law law of supply and demand law of diminishing return Syn: canon, code, commandment, constitution, ordinance, regulation, statute б) научный закон, научная закономерность Mendeleyev's law Mendel's law Newton's law periodic law law of gravity law of motion
2) юр. право;
правоведение, законоведение, юриспруденция administrative law business law canon law civil law commercial law constitutional law copyright law corporate law criminal law family law feudal law international law Islamic law labor law maritime law marriage law military law natural law patent law private law public law Roman law substantive law law merchant law school Syn: jurisprudence
3) профессия юриста to read/study law ≈ изучать право, учиться на юриста to practise law ≈ быть юристом
4) суд, судебный процесс to go to law ≈ подать в суд;
начать судебный процесс
5) судейское сословие
6) а) (the law) разг. полиция б) полицейский, блюститель закона ∙ Syn: policeman, police;
sheriff
7) а) правило the laws of badminton ≈ правила игры в бадминтон б) заведенный порядок, обычаи, традиции
8) а) спорт фора;
преимущество, предоставляемое противнику ( в состязании и т. п.) б) перен. передышка, тайм-аут;
отсрочка;
поблажка ∙ he is a law unto himself ≈ для него не существует никаких законов, кроме собственного мнения necessity/need knows no law посл. ≈ нужда не знает закона to give (the) law to smb. ≈ навязать кому-л. свою волю the law of the jungle ≈ закон джунглей in the eyes of the law ≈ в глазах закона everyone is equal under the law ≈ все равны перед законом the letter of the law ≈ буква закона the spirit of the law ≈ дух закона II = lawks закон - * enforcement обеспечение правопорядка - * digest сборник законов или судебных постановлений (решений, приговоров) - at * в соответствии с правом;
по закону;
по суду - enforcement at * принудительное осуществление или взыскание в законном /судебном/ порядке - in * по закону;
законно - according to * в соответствии с законом - force of * сила закона;
законная сила - the * of the land закон страны - to become * становиться законом - to keep within the * не нарушать закона - to go beyond the * обходить закон - to break the * нарушить закон - to be equal before the * быть равными перед законом - to enforce the * обеспечивать соблюдение закона право;
правоведение - criminal /penal/ * уголовное право - international * международное право - international private * частное международное право - universal international * универсальное международное право - * of the sea (юридическое) морское право - space * космическое право - * of war право войны, законы и обычаи войны - natural * естественное право - * of treaties право, регулирующее международные договоры - * of civil procedure гражданско-процессуальное право - * of criminal procedure уголовно-процессуальное право - judge-made * право, созданное судьей /основанное на судебной практике/ - question of * вопрос права профессия юриста - * language юридический язык, юридическая терминология - * school юридическая школа - doctor of /in/ * доктор юридических наук - the faculty of * юридический факультет - to study /to read/ * изучать право - to follow the * избрать профессию юриста - to practise * заниматься адвокатской практикой, быть юристом суд, судебный процесс - * sitting время сессий судов;
месяцы, когда суды заседают - * reports сборники судебных решений - * costs судебные издержки - to go to * обращаться в суд;
начинать судебный процесс;
подавать жалобу, иск - to go to * against smb. подать на кого-л. в суд - to be at * with smb. судиться с кем-л.;
вести процесс - to take /to have/ the * of smb. привлечь кого-л. к суду - I'll have the * on you! я на тебя подам!;
я тебя привлеку! - to take the * into one's own hands расправиться над кем-л. без суда закон (природы, научный) - the * of nature закон природы - the *s of motion законы движения - the * of gravity закон тяготения - the * of conservation of energy закон сохранения энергии - economic *s экономические законы - the * of supply and demand (экономика) закон спроса и предложения - the * of self-preservation закон самосохранения - * of perdurability закон сохранения вещества - the *s of perspective законы перспективы принятый, установленный обычай - *s of honour кодекс /закон/ чести представитель закона, полицейский, сотрудник ФБР и т. п. - open the door, it's the * откройте дверь! Полиция! - the long arm of * finally got him в конце концов полиция схватила его правила (игры и т. п.) - the * of golf правила игры в гольф( спортивное) фора, преимущество, предоставляемое противнику при состязании (разговорное) поблажка > * of Moses закон Моисея;
(библеизм) пятикнижие, тора > the * of jungle закон джунглей > to give the * to smb. командовать кем-л.;
навязывать свою волю кому-л. > necessity knows no * нужда /необходимость/ не знает закона;
для нужды нет закона > to be a * unto oneself ни с чем не считаться, кроме собственного мнения ( разговорное) обращаться в суд (диалектизм) (разговорное) навязывать свою волю abortion ~ закон об абортах action at ~ судебный иск adjective ~ процессуальное право administrative ~ административное право admiralty ~ военно-морское право admiralty ~ морское право adoption ~ сем.право закон об усыновлении и удочерении agreement ~ закон о соглашениях antisymmetric ~ несимметричный закон antitrust ~ антитрестовский закон banking ~ банковский закон banking ~ законодательство о банках bend the ~ подчиняться закону beyond the ~ вне закона binomial ~ биномиальный закон blanket ~ общий закон blue ~ закон, регулирующий режим воскресного дня( США) blue-sky ~ закон, регулирующий выпуск и продажу акций и ценных бумаг (США) break the ~ нарушать закон bulk sales ~ закон о массовых продажах business ~ право, регулирующее область деловых отношений business ~ торговое право by ~ по закону by operation of ~ в силу закона canonical ~ церковное право case in ~ судебное дело в сфере общего права case ~ прецедентное право cause in ~ судебное дело church ~ церковное право civil procedural ~ гражданское процессуальное право commentary on ~ толкование закона common ~ юр. неписанный закон common ~ юр. общее право;
обычное право;
некодифицированное право common ~ общее право common ~ обычное право, некодифицированное право Community ~ закон Европейского экономического сообщества company ~ закон о компаниях company ~ право, регулирующее деятельность акционерных компаний comparative ~ сравнительное право competent before the ~ правомочный constitutional ~ конституционное право, государственное право constitutional ~ конституционное право constitutional ~ конституционный закон consular ~ консульское право control ~ закон о надзоре corporation ~ закон о корпорациях criminal ~ of procedure судопроизводство по уголовным делам criminal ~ of procedure уголовное судопроизводство crown ~ уголовное право ecclesiastical ~ церковное право economic ~ экономический закон emergency ~ чрезвычайное законодательство equal protection of the ~ равенство перед законом equality before the ~ равенство перед законом exemption ~ прецедентное право exponential ~ экспоненциальный закон extraterritorial ~ экстерриториальный закон family ~ семейное право financial ~ финансовое законодательство fiscal ~ закон о налогообложении fiscal ~ налоговое право fiscal ~ финансовый закон framework ~ общий закон gap in ~ пробел в праве Germanic ~ тевтонский закон to give (the) ~ (to smb.) навязать (кому-л.) свою волю global ~ всеобщий закон to go beyond the ~ совершить противозаконный поступок good ~ действующее право to have (или to take) the ~ (of smb.) привлечь (кого-л.) к суду he is a ~ unto himself для него не существует никаких законов, кроме собственного мнения to hold good in ~ быть юридически обоснованным housing ~ юр. жилищное законодательство hyperexponential ~ гиперэкспоненциальный закон in ~ по закону, законно in ~ по закону indispensable ~ закон, не допускающий исключений industrial ~ закон о промышленности industrial ~ производственное право industrial property ~ закон о промышленной собственности industrial relations ~ закон о внутрипроизводственных отношениях infringe the ~ нарушать закон insurance ~ закон о страховании intellectual property ~ закон об интеллектуальной собственности internal ~ внутреннее право international ~ международное право issue in ~ спорный вопрос права, спор о праве to keep within the ~ придерживаться закона within: to come ~ the terms of reference относиться к ведению, к компетенции;
to keep within the law не выходить из рамок закона labour ~ закон о труде labour ~ трудовое право landmark ~ право защиты law = lawk(s) ~ закон ~ закон;
Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева ~ attr. законный;
юридический;
правовой;
law school юридическая школа;
юридический факультет ~ общее право ~ (the ~) разг. полиция, полицейский ~ правило;
the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис ~ правило ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право ~ право (в объективном смысле) ~ право ~ правоведение ~ спорт. преимущество, предоставляемое противнику (в состязании и т. п.) ;
перен. передышка;
отсрочка;
поблажка ~ профессия юриста;
to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста;
to practise law быть юристом ~ профессия юриста ~ суд, судебный процесс;
to be at law (with smb.) быть в тяжбе (с кем-л.) ;
to go to law подать в суд;
начать судебный процесс ~ суд ~ судебный процесс ~ судейское сословие Law: Law: ~ of Property Act Закон о праве собственности (Великобритания) law: law: ~ of succession наследственное право ~ analogy правовая аналогия ~ and order правопорядок order: law and ~ законность и правопорядок ~ in force действующее право ~ in force действующий закон ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право merchant: law ~ торговое право, обычное торговое право ~ of accidental error закон случайных ошибок ~ of bills and promissory notes закон о счетах и простых векселях ~ of business property закон о собственности компании ~ of causality закон причинности ~ of contract договорное право, договорно-обязательственное право ~ of contract договорное право ~ of criminal procedure процессуальное уголовное право ~ of demand закон спроса ~ of diminishing return "закон убывающего плодородия" ~ of diminishing returns закон убывающей доходности ~ of enforceable rights закон о праве принудительного осуществления в судебном порядке ~ of enforceable rights закон об обеспечении правовой санкции ~ of evidence доказательственное право ~ of evidence система судебных доказательств ~ of large numbers закон больших чисел ~ of nations международное право ~ of obligation обязательственное право ~ of persons личное право ~ of probabilitys законы вероятности ~ of procedure процессуальное право ~ of property вещное право ~ of property право собственности law: ~ of succession наследственное право ~ of the sea морское право ~ of variable proportions закон переменных соотношений ~ of wages закон о фондах заработной платы ~ attr. законный;
юридический;
правовой;
law school юридическая школа;
юридический факультет school: law ~ юридическая школа law ~ юридический факультет университета law = lawk(s) lawk(s): lawk(s) int разг. неужто? laws: laws = lawk(s) ~ правило;
the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис local government ~ закон местной власти loop-hole in ~ лазейка в законе mandatory ~ обязательный закон maritime ~ морское право martial ~ военное положение martial ~ военное право martial: martial военный;
martial law военное положение mathematical frequency ~ вчт. математический закон распределения matrimonial property ~ закон о собственности супругов ~ закон;
Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева mercantile ~ торговое право, обычное торговое право mercantile ~ торговое право mercantile: ~ торговый;
коммерческий;
mercantile law торговое законодательство;
mercantile marine торговый флот merchant shipping ~ закон о торговом судоходстве military ~ военное право moral ~ закон морали municipal ~ внутреннее право страны municipal ~ внутригосударственное право, внутреннее право страны municipal ~ внутригосударственное право natural ~ естественное право natural ~ естественное правосудие necessity (или need) knows no ~ посл. нужда не знает закона normal probability ~ нормальный закон распределения observe the ~ соблюдать закон outside the ~ вне закона patent ~ закон о патентах patent ~ патентное право, патентный закон patent ~ патентное право patent ~ патентный закон penal ~ уголовное право person in ~ субъект права positive ~ действующее право positive ~ позитивное право ~ профессия юриста;
to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста;
to practise law быть юристом private international ~ международное частное право ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право law: private ~ закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private ~ частное право private ~ частный закон;
закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private ~ частный закон procedural ~ процессуальное право procedural ~ процесуальное право protection of ~ защита закона public international ~ публичное международное право public ~ публичное право public ~ публичный закон (закон, касающийся всего населения) ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право real ~ правовые нормы, относящиеся к недвижимости responsibility under ~ ответственность в соответствии с законом revenue ~ закон о налогах Roman ~ римское право Roman: ~ римский;
латинский;
Roman alphabet латинский алфавит;
Roman law юр. римское право sea ~ морское право statute ~ писаный закон (противоп. common law) statute ~ право, выраженное в законодательных актах statute ~ статутное право statutory ~ право, основанное на законодательных актах;
статутное право statutory ~ право, основанное на законодательных актах statutory ~ статутное право substantive ~ материальное право to take the ~ into one's own hands расправиться без суда tax ~ налоговое право trade marks ~ закон о товарных знаках transitional ~ временное законодательство transitional ~ закон, действующий в переходном периоде unwritten ~ неписаное право, прецедентное право unwritten ~ неписаный закон unwritten ~ общее неписаное право unwritten ~ прецедентное право unwritten: ~ law неписаный закон ~ law юр. прецедентное право usury ~ закон против ростовщичества violate the ~ нарушать закон Wagner's ~ закон Вагнера (согласно которому доля государственных расходов в нацональном доходе возрастает по мере прогресса экономического развития) within the ~ в рамках закона -
8 preferred customer
марк. приоритетный [предпочтительный, привилегированный\] клиент [покупатель\] (клиент, интересы которого волнуют компанию больше всего; обычно приоритетным клиентом становится тот, кто регулярно и часто пользуется услугами компании, является обязательным и надежным клиентом; часто такому клиенту предоставляются льготы и скидки при обслуживании)To become a preferred customer, simply subscribe to the Sunday Star-News for three months, six months or a year. — Чтобы стать привилегированным клиентом, просто подпишитесь на "Сандей стар ньюз" сроком на 3 месяца, полгода или год.
Syn:See: -
9 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
10 evidence
1) средство или средства доказывания; доказательство, доказательства; подтверждение; улика | служить доказательством, подтверждать, доказывать2) свидетельское показание, свидетельские показания | свидетельствовать, давать показания3) дача показаний, представление или исследование доказательств ( как стадия судебного процесса); доказывание4) свидетель•admissible in evidence — допустимый в качестве доказательства;
evidence admissible in chief — доказательства или показания, допустимые при главном допросе;
evidence aliunde — внешнее доказательство, лежащее вне документа доказательство;
evidence at law — судебные доказательства;
evidence before trial — показания, данные или доказательства, представленные до начала судебного процесса;
evidence by affidavit — показания в форме аффидевита;
failure to give evidence — непредставление доказательств; невозможность дать показания; отказ от дачи показаний;
evidence for the defence — 1. доказательства защиты 2. показания свидетелей защиты;
evidence for the defendant — доказательства в пользу ответчика, подсудимого;
evidence for the plaintiff — доказательства в пользу истца;
evidence for the prosecution — 1. доказательства обвинения, улики 2. показания свидетелей обвинения;
evidence implicating the accused — доказательства, дающие основание полагать, что преступление совершено обвиняемым;
in evidence — в доказательство, в качестве доказательства;
evidence in corroboration — доказательство в подтверждение других доказательств;
evidence in cross-examination — свидетельские показания или доказательства, полученные при перекрёстном допросе ( стороной свидетеля противной стороны);
evidence in disproof — показания или доказательства в опровержение;
evidence in question — 1. оспариваемое доказательство 2. исследуемое и оцениваемое доказательство;
evidence in rebuttal — доказательство или показание в опровержение;
evidence in support of the opposition — пат. обоснование протеста, мотивированный протест;
evidence in the case — доказательства или показания по делу;
evidence is out — доказательства исчерпаны;
item in evidence — предмет, представленный в качестве доказательства;
evidence material to the case — доказательство, имеющее существенное значение для дела;
evidence on appeal — показания, доказательства по апелляции;
evidence on commission — показания по поручению;
evidence on hearing — доказательство на рассмотрении суда;
evidence on oath — показания под присягой;
on the evidence — на основании данных показаний или представленных доказательств;
evidence par excellence — лучшее доказательство;
piece of evidence — часть доказательственного материала; отдельное доказательство;
evidence relevant to credibility — доказательство, относящиеся к надёжности свидетеля, достоверности его показаний;
evidence relevant to weight — доказательства, относящиеся к убедительности других доказательств;
evidence sufficient to sustain the case — доказательства, достаточные для поддержания ( данной) версии;
to adduce evidence — представить доказательство;
to admit evidence — допустить доказательство;
to admit in evidence — допустить в качестве доказательства;
to appear in evidence — вытекать из представленных доказательств;
to become Commonwealth's [Crown's, government's, King's, People's, Queen's, State's] evidence — стать свидетелем обвинения, перейти на сторону обвинения, дав показания против сообвиняемого;
to call (for) evidence — истребовать доказательства;
to compare evidence — 1. сопоставить доказательства, показания 2. произвести очную ставку;
evidence to contradict — контрдоказательство; контрпоказание;
to develop evidence — представить доказательства;
to exaggerate evidence — преувеличить силу доказательства;
to fabricate evidence — сфабриковать доказательства;
to give evidence — 1. давать показания 2. представить доказательства;
to give in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to give evidence under compulsion — давать показания по принуждению;
to introduce evidence — представить доказательства;
to introduce in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to lead evidence — 1. заслушивать, отбирать показания 2. принимать доказательства;
evidence to meet — доказательство в поддержку, поддерживающее доказательство;
to offer evidence — представить доказательства;
to offer in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to prepare evidence — 1. сфабриковать доказательства 2. подготовиться к даче показаний;
to prepare false evidence — сфабриковать ложные доказательства;
to produce evidence — представить доказательства;
to put in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to read into evidence — зачитывать текст в доказательство правильности или неправильности его содержания;
evidence to rebut — доказательство в опровержение, опровергающее доказательство;
to receive evidence — 1. получить, отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;
to receive in evidence — принять в качестве доказательства;
to review evidence — рассмотреть или пересмотреть доказательства;
to search for evidence — искать доказательства;
to sift evidence — тщательно исследовать, анализировать доказательства или показания;
to suppress evidence — скрыть доказательства;
to take evidence — 1. отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;
to tender evidence — представить доказательства;
to tender in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
evidence to the contrary — доказательство противного;
to weigh evidence — оценить доказательства;
to withhold evidence — воздержаться, отказаться от дачи показаний или от представления доказательств;
- evidence of arrestevidence wrongfully obtained — доказательства, показания, полученные с нарушением закона
- evidence of blood grouping tests
- evidence of character
- evidence of confession
- evidence of credibility
- evidence of crime
- evidence of debt
- evidence of disposition
- evidence of fact
- evidence of guilt
- evidence of identification
- evidence of identity
- evidence of indebtedness
- evidence of opportunity
- evidence of practice
- evidence of reputation
- evidence of title
- acceptable evidence
- actual evidence
- additional evidence
- adduced evidence
- adequate evidence
- adminicular evidence
- admissible evidence
- admitted evidence
- adversary evidence
- affirmative evidence
- affirmative rebuttal evidence
- after-discovered evidence
- ample evidence
- ascertaining evidence
- autoptical evidence
- auxiliary evidence
- available evidence
- ballistics evidence
- ballistic evidence
- best evidence
- better evidence
- biological evidence
- casual evidence
- character evidence
- character-witness evidence
- circumstantial evidence
- civil evidence
- clear evidence
- closed evidence
- cogent evidence
- collateral evidence
- Commonwealth's evidence
- competent evidence
- completing evidence
- conclusive evidence
- concocted evidence
- concomittant evidence
- confirmatory evidence
- conflicting evidence
- consistent evidence
- contradicting evidence
- contrary evidence
- contributing evidence
- controverted evidence
- controvertible evidence
- convincing evidence
- copy evidence
- corroborated evidence
- corroborating evidence
- counteracting evidence
- counter evidence
- credible evidence
- criminal evidence
- criminating evidence
- Crown's evidence
- culpatory evidence
- cumulative evidence
- damaging evidence
- damning evidence
- decisive evidence
- demeanor evidence
- demonstrative evidence
- derivative evidence
- direct evidence
- disproving evidence
- doctored evidence
- documentary evidence
- empirical evidence
- entered evidence
- exact evidence
- excluded evidence
- exculpatory evidence
- expert evidence
- expert opinion evidence
- explaining evidence
- external evidence
- extrajudicial evidence
- extraneous evidence
- extrinsic evidence
- fabricated evidence
- false evidence
- final evidence
- fingerprint evidence
- firm evidence
- first hand evidence
- footprint evidence
- foundation evidence
- fragmentary evidence
- fresh evidence
- further evidence
- government's evidence
- habit evidence
- hard evidence
- hearsay evidence
- higher evidence
- identification evidence
- identifying evidence
- illegally obtained evidence
- illustrative evidence
- immaterial evidence
- immunized evidence
- impeaching evidence
- implicating evidence
- impugned evidence
- inadequate evidence
- inadmissible evidence
- incompetent evidence
- inconclusive evidence
- inconsistent evidence
- incontroverted evidence
- incontrovertible evidence
- incriminating evidence
- inculpatory evidence
- independent evidence
- indicative evidence
- indirect evidence
- indispensable evidence
- indubitable evidence
- inferential evidence
- inferior evidence
- insufficient evidence
- insufficient evidence for the defence
- internal evidence
- introduced evidence
- irrefutable evidence
- irrelevant evidence
- judicial evidence
- King's evidence
- legal evidence
- legally obtained evidence
- legitimate evidence
- manufactured evidence
- material evidence
- mathematical evidence
- moral evidence
- negative evidence
- negative rebuttal evidence
- newly-discovered evidence
- nonexculpatory evidence
- notarial evidence
- obtainable evidence
- obtained evidence
- offered evidence
- official evidence
- opinion evidence
- opinion evidence of character
- opposing evidence
- oral evidence
- original evidence
- out-of-court evidence
- overwhelming evidence
- parol evidence
- partial evidence
- pedigree evidence
- People's evidence
- perjured evidence
- persuasive evidence
- physical evidence
- police evidence
- positive evidence
- possible evidence
- preappointed evidence
- predominant evidence
- preferable evidence
- prejudicial evidence
- presuming evidence
- presumptive evidence
- prevailing evidence
- prima facie evidence
- primary evidence
- probable evidence
- proffered evidence
- proper evidence
- prosecution evidence
- prospectant evidence
- proving evidence
- pure expert opinion evidence
- Queen's evidence
- radar evidence of speed
- radar evidence
- real evidence
- reasonable evidence
- rebuttal evidence
- rebutted evidence
- rebutting evidence
- receivable evidence
- received evidence
- recognized evidence
- recollection evidence
- record evidence
- recorded evidence
- record evidence of title
- related evidence
- relevant evidence
- repelling evidence
- reputation evidence of character
- requisite evidence
- retrospectant evidence
- routine practice evidence
- satisfactory evidence
- scientific evidence
- secondary evidence
- second hand evidence
- shaken evidence
- significant evidence
- similar evidence
- slimmer evidence
- slim evidence
- solid evidence
- spoken evidence
- state's evidence
- strengthening evidence
- strong evidence
- stronger evidence
- strongest available evidence
- substantial evidence
- substantive evidence
- substitutionary evidence
- sufficient evidence
- supplementary evidence
- supporting evidence
- suspect evidence
- sworn evidence
- tainted evidence
- tendered evidence
- testimonial evidence
- trace evidence
- traditionary evidence
- uncontradicted evidence
- uncorroborated evidence
- unfavourable evidence
- unshaken evidence
- unsworn evidence
- untainted evidence
- verbal evidence
- visible evidence
- visual evidence
- vital evidence
- volunteer evidence
- weak evidence
- weaker evidence
- wiretap information evidence
- wiretap evidence
- written evidence
- evidence of criminality
- confirming evidence
- corroborative evidence
- explanatory evidence
- intrinsic evidence
- prime evidence -
11 lift
[lɪft] 1. сущ.1)а) поднятие, подъёмWith one great lift, the men moved the rock. — Одним мощным усилием мужчины сдвинули камень.
There was so much lift of sea. — Уровень моря очень сильно поднялся.
Syn:б) услуга, состоящая в том, что какого-л. пешехода подвозят на короткое расстояниеDeclining a lift, Smiley said the walk would do him good. (J. Le Carré) — Смайли отказался от того, чтобы его подвезли, сказав, что прогулка пешком пойдёт ему на пользу.
- give smb. a liftв) шотл. вынос тела ( на похоронах)2) воодушевление, подъёмto get a lift (from smb. or smth.) — испытывать душевный подъём (благодаря кому-л. или чему-л.)
Your words of encouragement gave us a real lift. — Ваши слова одобрения вызвали у нас настоящий душевный подъём.
3)а) повышение; продвижение вперёдSyn:б) помощь, содействиеSyn:It was a mere lift of higher ground with a few grey cottages dotted over it. — Это был небольшой возвышенный участок, на котором стояли несколько коттеджей.
5)а) подъёмная машина; подъёмникб) брит. лифтto take a lift — пользоваться лифтом.
A liftboy or liftman operates a lift. — Лифтёр следит за работой лифта.
We took the lift to the tenth floor. — Мы поехали на десятый этаж на лифте.
•Syn:6)а) подъёмная сила, грузоподъёмность (какого-л. транспортного средства)б) транспортировка пассажиров или грузов на каком-л. виде транспорта7) разг. кража, воровство, грабёжWhen I hear of the boys making a large lift, I always envy them. (E. Z. C. Judson) — Когда я слышу о парнях, совершающих крупные кражи, я всегда завидую им.
Syn:8) гидр. водяной столб; высота напора9)а) спорт. поднятие (тяжёлая атлетика, борьба)б) подъём партнёрши ( в фигурном катании), поддержка (в фигурном катании, балете)10) приподнятая посадка (головы, носа; особенно при описании гордого человека)There was a happy expectancy in the lift of her eyes as she walked up the country road. (A. Sergeant) — В её глазах светилась радость надежды, когда она шла по просёлочной дороге.
The proud lift of her neck was gone. — От её гордой осанки не осталось и следа.
11) диал. ворота без петель (их нужно приподнимать, чтобы открыть)2. гл.1)а) подниматьPlease lift the packages onto the counter. — Пожалуйста, подними и положи коробки на прилавок.
Lift your head up and pay attention. — Подними голову и внимательно слушай.
Syn:б) поднимать, повышать, возвышать ( голос)в) с.-х. помогать подняться животным, ослабевшим за зиму2)а) подниматься ( также о тесте)б) мор. подниматься на волнахв) авиа оторваться от земли3)а) воодушевлять; улучшать настроениеThe encouraging letter lifted our hopes. — Ободряющее письмо обнадёжило нас.
Syn:б) возвышать; делать тоньше, возвышеннееThere is much in the scenery of a nocturnal sky to lift the soul to pious contemplation. (A. Chalmers) — В пейзаже ночного неба есть нечто такое, что возвышает душу до набожного созерцания.
Syn:4) продвигать, повышать, давать повышение (по службе, в социальной иерархии)Syn:5)а) повышаться ( о ценах); возрастать, увеличиваться ( о количестве)6)а) подниматься, рассеиваться, исчезать (об облаках, тумане)With the rain, the smog lifted from the city. — Когда пошёл дождь, смог рассеялся.
б) амер. временно прекращаться ( о дожде)•Syn:rise, disperse, dissipate, scatter, vanish, disappear, float away, become dispelled, ascend, soar, move upward7)а) снимать, убиратьSyn:б) снимать, отменять (запрет, ограничения)to lift an embargo — снять эмбарго, отменить эмбарго
The government lifted the ban on tourist travel. — Правительство сняло запрет на приём туристов.
Syn:9) разг.а) украсть, стащитьSomeone lifted his wallet on the bus. — Кто-то стащил у него в автобусе кошелёк.
б) переносить ( из одного окружения в другое), вырывать ( из контекста)to lift a word from / out of context — вырывать слово из контекста
Of course the meaning of words can be distorted if they are lifted from their surroundings. — Конечно, слова могут приобрести совсем другое значение, если они вырваны из контекста.
Whole sentences are lifted out of the context in which they have been presented. — Целые предложения вырываются из контекста, в котором они были произнесены.
There aren't quotation marks around the passage lifted from my work — Отрывок, взятый из моей работы, не оформлен как цитата.
•Syn:steal, thieve, pilfer, pinch, purloin, filch, swipe, snatch, pick, palm, pocket, appropriate, pirate, plagiarize10)а) амер. ликвидировать задолженность, уплатить долгиSyn:б) диал. взимать, собирать, получать ( налоги)Syn:11) делать пластическую операцию; подтягивать кожуA woman can now have her face lifted one day and appear among her friends the next. (Daily Express) — В наше время женщина может сегодня сделать пластическую операцию, а завтра уже появиться в обществе своих друзей.
Syn:12) подвозить, подбрасывать ( до места назначения)Can you lift me in your wagon, Wally? (M. Russell) — Уолли, не мог бы ты подвезти меня на своей телеге?
13) с.-х. оставлять собаку-пастуха для присмотра за отарой овец•- lift off- lift up -
12 graduate
1. n выпускник учебного заведения2. n амер. выпускник или аспирант учебного заведенияpost graduate — аспирант; аспирантский
3. n мензурка4. n мерный сосуд5. a окончивший высшее учебное заведение6. a амер. относящийся к аспирантуре; аспирантский7. v окончить высшее учебное заведение и получить степень бакалавра8. v амер. окончить любое учебное заведение9. v разг. переходить10. v преим. амер. давать диплом; присуждать степень11. v располагать в определённом порядке, по определённому принципу12. v градуировать, наносить деления; калиброватьa ruler graduated in inches — линейка, градуированная в дюймах
13. v биол. геол. постепенно изменяться, переходить из одного состояния в другое14. v хим. сгущать жидкостьСинонимический ряд:1. recipient of a diploma (noun) alumna; alumnus; baccalaureate; bachelor; bearer of a degree; holder of a degree; licentiate; recipient of a certificate; recipient of a diploma2. calibrate (verb) calibrate; grade; measure3. conclude school successfully (verb) be awarded a diploma; become a graduate; conclude one's studies; conclude school successfully; earn a degree; finish school; get one's degree; receive a certificate; win a diploma4. confer a certificate upon (verb) bestow a diploma upon; confer a certificate on; confer a certificate upon; confer a degree upon; grant a degree to; promote to a higher grade -
13 Man
1. n геогр. остров Мэн2. n мужчина, человекto play the man — поступать, как подобает мужчине
man to man, between man and man — как мужчина с мужчиной
a man of thirty — мужчина тридцати лет; тридцатилетний мужчина
a man of action — человек дела, энергичный человек
a man of character — волевой человек, сильная личность
a man of his word — человек слова, господин своего слова
a man of means — человек со средствами, состоятельный человек
a man of law — законник; адвокат; юрист
3. n муж4. n унив. студент; окончивший, выпускник5. n пренебр. приятельspeak up, man!, speak up my man! — ну, говори же, друг!
hurry up, man! hurry up my man! — да поскорей же, приятель!
come along, man!, come along my man! — ну, пошли, мой милый!
6. n человечество, человеческий род7. n слуга8. n чаще рабочийmachine man — рабочий у станка; оператор
9. n солдат, рядовой, матросbutton man — рядовой член банды, бандит
10. n рядовой состав11. n пешка12. n шашка, фишка13. n игрок14. n ист. вассал15. n как компонент сложных слов означает занятие, профессиюto refresh the inner man — поесть, подкрепиться
odd man out — «третий лишний»
heavy man — актёр, исполняющий трагические роли
one-dollar-a-year man — крупный капиталист, участвующий в деятельности правительственных органов и получающий номинальный оклад в один доллар в год
a man about town — светский человек, богатый повеса, жуир
a man in a thousand — редкий человек;
the next man — всякий другой, любой; первый встречный
I have known him man and boy — я его знаю с детства; б) все как один
the man for me, the man for my money — этот человек мне подходит, этот человек меня устраивает
the man higher up — начальник, хозяин, босс; высшая инстанция
Man Friday — Пятница, верный слуга
many men, many minds — сколько голов, столько умов
every man has his hobby-horse — у каждого есть свой конёк ; у каждого есть свои маленькие слабости
to die a man — умереть, как подобает мужчине
why, shame upon you, man! — послушайте, как вам не стыдно?
16. v укомплектовывать кадрами, персоналом17. v воен. мор. укомплектовывать личным составом; занимать людьми; ставить людей; посадить людей18. v занять; стать19. v собрать всё своё мужество, мужаться, взять себя в рукиthe outer man — внешний вид, костюм
lawless man — человек, находящийся вне закона
if is great karma, man! — всё обстоит прекрасно, друг!
20. v охот. приручатьСинонимический ряд:1. boy (noun) beau; blade; boy; buck; chap; cuss; fellow; galoot; gent; gentleman; guy; he; male; skate; snap; swain; yeoman2. employee (noun) attendant; employee; worker3. human (noun) being; body; creature; human; individual; life; mortal; party; person; personage; soul; wight4. human beings (noun) flesh; folk; Homo sapiens; human being; human beings; humanity; humankind; mankind; mortality; mortals; people; populace; race5. husband (noun) husband; lord; mister; Mr.6. partner (noun) boyfriend; consort; fancy man; hubby; lover; married man; master; mate; paramour; partner; spouse7. policeman (noun) bluecoat; cop; Dogberry; gumshoe; John Law; officer; patrolman; peace officer; police officer; policeman8. policemen (noun) cops; officers; patrolmen; peace officers; police; police officers; policemen9. staff (verb) defend; fortify; garrison; guard; people; protect; staff; stationАнтонимический ряд:abandon; woman -
14 padlock
навесной замок
-Параллельные тексты EN-RU
...be provided with a means permitting it to be locked in the OFF (isolated) position (for example by padlocks).
[IEC 60204-1-2006]... иметь средства для запирания в положении ОТКЛЮЧЕНО (отделено), например, с помощью навесных замков.
[Перевод Интент]
Источник: insight-security.com
In simple terms, a padlock has three major components; the Body, the Shackle and the Locking Mechanism, …it may also incorporate features such as a weatherproof casing, anti drill or anti cropping protection, etc.Discus style padlocks - have no angular corners, so are often used with cycle security chains and cables, as well as being a popular choice for securing doors on sheds and beach huts, etc. When used as a door lock, they will typically be used in conjunction with the special shrouded discus hasp and staple set, which offers extra protection to the padlock shackle.
Shutter Locks / Anvil Locks - are typically used to secure the external (or internal) security roller shutters fitted to shop fronts. They are also popular for use with parking posts, motorcycle security chains, etc.
Conventional Style padlocks have a wide range of applications from low security applications like locking your toolbox, to high security uses such as securing factory gates or protecting motorcycles. They are typically available as; Open, Close, or Semi Enclosed Shackle types
Shackleless type padlock (shown with special hasp)Shackleless Padlocks - this is a bit of a misnomer as the padlock does of course have a shackle, it’s just that it’s on the underside of the lock body and therefore unseen. This type of padlock can be round (like the one pictured) or rectangular, but typically, they are designed to be used with a special matching security hasp. Because of their design, these units are difficult to attack and over recent years, as well as being used on warehouse doors, etc, they have also become very popular for use on vans and other vehicles where they are used to secure opening double doors.
A "Close Shackle" padlock is one with built in shoulders, which are designed to minimise the amount of the shackle exposed, to a saw or bolt cropper attack. This type of padlock will normally have a higher security rating than an equivalent unit with a semi enclosed or open shackle, however subject to size and clearances, may not be practical for instance, to use where you need to secure 2 chain links together or require a padlock for use with a shrouded hasp, etc. To make them easier to use, many Close Shackle padlocks feature "removable shackles" which are fully released from the body of the padlock when it's unlocked.
An "Open Shackle" padlock will typically be easier to use where the shackle needs to pass through 2 chain-links (i.e, a chain securing two opening gates together), etc. As more of the shackle is exposed however, this makes it potentially easier to attack with a saw or bolt croppers.
A "Semi Enclosed Shackle" padlock is something of a compromise, but will often offer more flexibility in use than a Close Shackle padlock and improved security over an Open Shackle model.
Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > padlock
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