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101 slighted
Синонимический ряд:1. ignored (adj.) affronted; despised; disdained; disregarded; ignored; neglected; overlooked; scorned; spurned2. neglected (verb) blinked at; blinked away; discounted; disregarded; elided; failed; forgot/forgotten or forgot; ignored; missed; neglected; omitted; overleaped or overleapt; overlooked; passed; passed by; passed over; sloughed over; slurred over; snubbed -
102 covered
1. a крытый, покрытыйa road covered with stones — дорога, покрытая камнями
2. a защищённый, укрытый3. a с покрытой головой, в шляпеСинонимический ряд:1. attended to (adj.) accounted for; attended to; included; looked to; noted; recorded; reported; taken care of; written2. scattered with (adj.) bejeweled; distributed; dusted over; flowered; scattered with; sown; spread with; sprinkled over; strewn with3. sheltered (adj.) coated; disguised; hidden; hooded; overlaid; protected; roofed; sheltered; surfaced; topped4. blanketed (verb) blanketed; capped; crowned; overcast; overlaid; overspread; spread over5. defended (verb) bulwarked; defended; fended; guarded; protected; safeguarded; screened; secured; shielded6. hid (verb) cloaked; concealed; enshrouded; hid; masked; shrouded; veiled7. hid/hidden or hid (verb) buried; cached; ensconced; hid/hidden or hid; occulted; planted; secreted; stashed8. made (verb) made; passed; traversed9. set (verb) brooded; sat; set10. traveled or travelled (verb) did/done; passed over; tracked; traveled or travelled -
103 sari
(a garment worn by Hindu women, a long cloth wrapped round the waist and passed over the shoulder.) sari* * *(a garment worn by Hindu women, a long cloth wrapped round the waist and passed over the shoulder.) sari -
104 thunder-storm
['θʌndəstɔːm]nA sudden thunderstorm broke out. — Внезапно разразилась гроза.
The thunderstorm was raging the whole night. — Гроза бушевала всю ночь.
The thunderstorm is over/has stopped. — Гроза кончилась.
The thunderstorm passed by. — Гроза прошла стороной.
We shall have a thunderstorm towards evening. — К вечеру будет гроза.
A violent thunderstorm passed over the city. — Над городом прошла сильная гроза
- spring thunderstorm- heavy thunder-storm
- during thunder-storm
- be caught in a thunder-storm
- be overtaken by a thunder-storm
- find shelter from the thunder-storm -
105 done
1. готовый; усталый; обманутый2. делатьeasier said than done — легче сказать, чем сделать
to reason what is to be done — обсуждать, что сделать
what is to be done? — что же делать?, что можно сделать?
Синонимический ряд:1. complete (adj.) complete; concluded; down; ended; finished; terminated; through; washed-up2. completed (adj.) accomplished; brought about; completed; executed; over; performed; rendered3. decorous (adj.) au fait; becoming; befitting; Christian; civilized; comely; conforming; correct; de rigueur; decent; decorous; nice; proper; respectable; right; seemly4. effete (adj.) all in; bleary; depleted; done in; drained; effete; exhausted; far-gone; spent; used up; washed-out; worn-out5. fully cooked (adj.) baked; boiled; brewed; cooked; crisped; done to a turn; fried; fully cooked; stewed6. settled (adj.) agreed; approved; compacted; determined; settled; signed7. acted (verb) acted; discoursed; enacted; impersonated; personated; played; portrayed; represented8. answered (verb) answered; served; sufficed; suited9. behaved (verb) acquitted; behaved; borne; carried; comported; conducted; demeaned; deported; disported; done; gone on; moved; quit10. cheated (verb) beaten; bilked; cheated; chiseled or chiselled; cozened; defrauded; flimflammed; gypped; overreached; reamed; swindled; taken11. closed (verb) closed; completed; concluded; consummated; determined; ended; finished; halted; terminated; wound up; wrapped up12. cooked (verb) cooked13. given (verb) dramatised; given; presented; put on; staged14. happened (verb) befallen; betided; broken; chanced; come; come off; developed; fallen out; gone; happened; occurred; passed; risen; transpired15. performed (verb) achieved; executed; performed; prosecuted16. shifted (verb) fared; fended; get along; get by; got along or gotten along; got by or gotten by; got on or gotten on; managed; muddled through; shifted; staggered along; staggered on17. traveled or travelled (verb) covered; passed over; tracked; traveled or travelled; traversed -
106 submit
[səbˈmɪt]submit предлагать (свое мнение и т. п.); доказывать, утверждать; I submit that a material fact has been passed over я смею утверждать, что существенный факт был пропущен submit подчинять(-ся), покорять(ся); I will not submit to such treatment я не потерплю такого обращения submit вносить на рассмотрение submit заявлять submit передавать submit передавать на рассмотрение submit подавать документы submit подвергать submit подчинять(-ся), покорять(ся); I will not submit to such treatment я не потерплю такого обращения submit подчиняться submit покоряться submit предлагать (свое мнение и т. п.); доказывать, утверждать; I submit that a material fact has been passed over я смею утверждать, что существенный факт был пропущен submit представлять (документ), представлять на рассмотрение; передавать на рассмотрение (спор) submit представлять submit представлять на рассмотрение; to submit a question задать вопрос в письменном виде submit представлять на рассмотрение submit указывать submit утверждать submit представлять на рассмотрение; to submit a question задать вопрос в письменном виде submit for collection представлять на инкассацию submit for collection предъявлять на инкассо submit to вносить на рассмотрение submit to представлять на рассмотрение -
107 пробегать
I проб`егать совер.;
без доп. run about( for a certain time) II пробег`ать несовер. - пробегать;
совер. - пробежать без доп.
1) run;
run along/down (по) ;
run through (через) ;
run past (мимо)
2) (что-л.) cover, run
3) (что-л.) skim, scan, run/look through, glance overсов.
1. run* about:
2. (вн.) разг. (пропустить что-л. из-за беготни) miss (smth.) with all one`s running about., пробежать
1. run*;
пробежать мимо дома run* past the house;
2. (вн., бегом преодолевать какое-л. расстояние) run* (smth.), cover (smth.) ;
(о лошади) trot (smth.) ;
3. (быстро проезжать, проплывать, проноситься) pass;
(появившись, быстро исчезать) go*, pass;
дрожь пробежала у него по спине а cold shiver went down his back;
тень пробежала по его лицу a shadow passed over his face;
4. (о времени) fly* past;
5. (вн.) разг. (бегло прочитывать) run* through (smth.), go* over (smth.), scan (smth.) ;
пробежать газеты glance/skim through newspapers.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > пробегать
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108 shade
ʃeɪd
1. сущ.
1) а) тень;
полумрак to throw, cast, put into the shade ≈ затмевать б) перен. непонятность, неясность, неизвестность I have chosen to remain in the shade. ≈ Я предпочел остаться в неизвестности. Syn: obscurity
2) прохлада, тень in a shade of the forest ≈ в прохладе леса
3) а) тень, оттенок( в живописи) б) перен. намек;
нюанс;
незначительное отличие light and shade ≈ светотень, свет и тени тж. перен. dark shade ≈ темный тон delicate shade, soft shade ≈ мягкий оттенок light shade ≈ светлый тон pale shades, pastel shades ≈ пастельные тона, оттенки в) менее удачные места( в литературном произведении) г) печальные, трагические эпизоды (в истории какого-л. государства)
4) незначительное количество
5) а) миф.;
поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего Syn: ghost б) поэт. незримый, неотступно сопровождающий спутник
6) экран, щит;
абажур;
стеклянный колпак
7) а) маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина б) амер. штора to draw, pull down shades ≈ задергивать шторы to raise the shades ≈ поднимать шторы window shade ≈ оконные шторы Syn: window-blind
8) а) физ. защитное стекло( на опт. приборе) ;
бленда б) амер., разг. солнцезащитные очки, очки от солнца Syn: sunglasses
9) ист. силуэт, образ Syn: silhouette
2. гл.
1) заслонять от света;
затенять The house is shaded from the midday heat by those tall trees. ≈ Дом защищен от полуденной жары вот теми высокими деревьями.
2) скрывать, прятать( от взора, взгляда) shaded from view in the southern direction ≈ скрывшийся из виду в южном направлении Syn: veil
2., obscure
2. ;
disguise
2.
3) омрачать;
затемнять, затуманивать His eyes shaded with pain. ≈ Его глаза затуманились от горя. Syn: darken, sadden
4) перен. а) оставлять кого-л. в тени, опережать Syn: surpass, eclipse б) оттенять( хорошие качества плохими) His good qualities were not a little shaded by an inherent pride of ancestry, and an austerity of manners. ≈ Его хорошие качества ничуть не портились врожденной гордостью, доставшейся ему от предков, и отсутствием хороших манер.
5) символически изображать( что-л.) Syn: symbolize
6) тушевать, штриховать to shade the outlines ≈ заштриховать контуры Syn: hatch
7) незаметно переходить( into - в другой цвет) ;
незаметно исчезать( обыкн. shade away, shade off) ;
смягчать( обыкн. shade away, shade down) As the sun set, the sky shaded from blue to pink. ≈ Когда зашло солнце, небо из синего незаметно стало голубым. The leaves shaded into gold and red. ≈ Листья стали золотыми и красными.
8) амер. слегка понижать (цену) ∙ shade in тень;
полумрак;
прохлада - in the * (of a tree) в тени (дерева) - 20 degrees in the * двадцать градусов в тени - the trees make a pleasant * деревья образуют приятную тень неизвестность - to be in the * держаться в тени /на заднем плане/ - I have chosen to remain in the * я решил остаться в тени /неизвестным/ - to throw /to put, to cast/ smb., smth. in(to) the * затмить /превзойти/ кого-л., что-л. - to keep smb. in the * оставлять кого-л. на заднем плане - to fall into the * отойти на задний план pl сумерки;
вечерний полумрак;
ночная мгла (тж. the *s of evening, the *s of night, evening *s, night's *s) - the *s lengthen тени становятся длиннее;
сумерки сгущаются - the *s of evening /of night/ fall спускаются сумерки уединенное место, убежище, сень - in the * of smth. под сенью чего-л. оттенок, тон - material in all *s of blue ткань всех оттенков синего цвета - in dark *s в темных тонах - the same colour in a lighter * тот же цвет более светлого оттенка отличие, нюанс - people of all *s of opinion люди всевозможных убеждений - delicate *s of meaning тонкие нюансы значения - newspapers of every * газеты всех направлений незначительное количество (чего-л.) - a * more немного больше - a * better немного /чуть-чуть, капельку/ лучше - a * uncomfortable немного неловко - I drew my chair a * nearer to her я подвинул свой стул немного ближе к ней тень, намек - a * of annoyance crossed /passed over, came over/ his face по его лицу пробежала /на его лице промелькнула/ тень неудовольствия - there was not a * of humour in his voice в его голосе не было и намека на шутку /на шутливый тон/ - he seemed to feel not a * of doubt that... он, казалось, нисколько не сомневался, что...;
казалось, у него не было ни малейшего /ни тени/ сомнения, что... обыкн. pl (книжное) бесплотный дух, призрак - the *s of death тень смерти - the * of that which once was great призрак былого величия - among the *s в царстве теней тени - light and * свет и тени - it was a miserable painting without * or perspective это была жалкая мазня без теней и без перспективы экран, щит;
абажур маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина (американизм) штора - to pull down the * опустить штору козырек - with a green * over my eyes защитив глаза зеленым козырьком pl (разговорное) солнцезащитные очки, темные очки зонтик защитное стекло( на оптическом инструменте) ;
бленда затенять;
защищать, заслонять( от света, солнца) - to * one's eyes (with one's hand) заслонить глаза (рукой) (от солнца) - a hat that *s one's eyes шляпа, защищающая глаза ( от солнца) - trees * the street деревья делают улицу тенистой - this spot *d by coconut palms этот уголок, затененный кокосовыми пальмами /тенистый от кокосовых пальм/ затмевать, отодвигать в тень (кого-л.) омрачать, делать мрачным - a sullen look *d his face угрюмый взгляд делал его лицо мрачным - his eyes *d with pain его глаза потемнели от боли штриховать, тушевать;
класть тени - to * the outlines заштриховать контуры - to * a white spot затушевать белое пятно незаметно переходить (в другой цвет, качество и т. п.;
тж. * away, * off) - scarlet shading off into pink алый цвет, переходящий в розовый постепенно исчезать (тж. * away) - their superiority *d away их превосходство постепенно сошло на нет смягчать( окраску, манеры, выражения и т. п.;
тж. * away, * down) - a touch of coarseness in his manners has since *d down с того времени он стал мягче /манеры его утратили прежнюю грубость/ (американизм) слегка уменьшать - they *d the price они сбавили /снизили/ цену shade миф., поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего;
among the shades в царстве теней ~ тень, прохлада;
in the shade of a tree в тени дерева ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать people of all shades of opinion люди самых разных убеждений;
there is not a shade of doubt нет и тени сомнения shade миф., поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего;
among the shades в царстве теней ~ заслонять от света;
затенять ~ затенять ~ защитное стекло (на опт. приборе) ;
бленда ~ маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина ~ незаметно переходить (into - в другой цвет) ;
незаметно исчезать (обыкн. shade away, shade off) ;
смягчать (обыкн. shade away, shade down) ~ незначительное количество;
a shade better чуть-чуть лучше ~ омрачать;
затуманивать ~ оттенок ~ амер. слегка понижать (цену) ~ тень, прохлада;
in the shade of a tree в тени дерева ~ тень, намек;
оттенок, нюанс;
незначительное отличие;
silks in all shades of blue шелковые нитки всех оттенков синего цвета ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать ~ тень ~ амер. штора ~ штриховать, тушевать ~ штриховать ~ экран, щит;
абажур;
стеклянный колпак ~ экранировать ~ незначительное количество;
a shade better чуть-чуть лучше ~ тень, намек;
оттенок, нюанс;
незначительное отличие;
silks in all shades of blue шелковые нитки всех оттенков синего цвета people of all shades of opinion люди самых разных убеждений;
there is not a shade of doubt нет и тени сомнения ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать -
109 shade
1. [ʃeıd] n1. 1) тень; полумрак; прохлада2) неизвестностьto be in the shade - держаться в тени /на заднем плане/
I have chosen to remain in the shade - я решил остаться в тени /неизвестным/
to throw /to put, to cast/ smb., smth. in(to) the shade - затмить /превзойти/ кого-л., что-л.
to keep smb. in the shade - оставлять кого-л. на заднем плане
2. pl поэт. сумерки; вечерний полумрак; ночная мгла (тж. the shades of evening, the shades of night, evening shades, night's shades)the shades lengthen - тени становятся длиннее; сумерки сгущаются
the shades of evening /of night/ fall - спускаются сумерки
3. поэт. уединённое место, убежище, сеньin the shade of smth. - под сенью чего-л.
4. 1) оттенок, тонin dark [in light] shades - в тёмных [в светлых] тонах
2) отличие, нюанс3) незначительное количество (чего-л.)a shade more [less] - немного больше [меньше]
a shade better [worse] - немного /чуть-чуть, капельку/ лучше [хуже]
I drew my chair a shade nearer to her - я подвинул свой стул немного ближе к ней
4) тень, намёкa shade of annoyance [of doubt] crossed /passed over, came over/ his face - по его лицу пробежала /на его лице промелькнула/ тень неудовольствия [сомнения]
there was not a shade of humour in his voice - в его голосе не было и намёка на шутку /на шутливый тон/
he seemed to feel not a shade of doubt that... - он, казалось, нисколько не сомневался, что...; казалось, у него не было ни малейшего /ни тени/ сомнения, что...
5. обыкн. pl поэт., книжн. бесплотный дух, призрак6. жив. тениit was a miserable painting without shade or perspective - это была жалкая мазня без теней и без перспективы
7. 1) экран, щит; абажур2) маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина3) амер. штораto pull down [up] the shade - опустить [поднять] штору
4) козырёк5) pl разг. солнцезащитные очки, тёмные очки6) зонтик7) защитное стекло ( на оптическом инструменте); бленда2. [ʃeıd] v1. 1) затенять; защищать, заслонять (от света, солнца)a hat that shades one's eyes - шляпа, защищающая глаза ( от солнца)
this spot shaded by coconut palms - этот уголок, затенённый кокосовыми пальмами /тенистый от кокосовых пальм/
2) затмевать, отодвигать в тень (кого-л.)2. омрачать, делать мрачным3. жив. штриховать, тушевать; класть тени4. 1) незаметно переходить (в другой цвет, качество и т. п.; тж. shade away, shade off)scarlet shading off into pink - алый цвет, переходящий в розовый
2) постепенно исчезать (тж. shade away)3) смягчать (окраску, манеры, выражения и т. п.; тж. shade away, shade down)a touch of coarseness in his manners has since shaded down - с того времени он стал мягче /манеры его утратили прежнюю грубость/
5. амер. слегка уменьшатьthey shaded the price [the rate] - они сбавили /снизили/ цену [тариф]
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110 did
Синонимический ряд:1. acted (verb) acquitted; acted; behaved; bore; carried; comported; conducted; demeaned; deported; discoursed; disported; enacted; impersonated; moved; personated; played; quit; went on2. answered (verb) answered; served; sufficed; suited3. cheated (verb) beat; bilked; cheated; chiseled or chiselled; cozened; defrauded; flimflammed; gypped; overreached; reamed; swindled; took4. closed (verb) closed; completed; concluded; consummated; determined; ended; finished; halted; terminated; wound up; wrapped up5. cooked (verb) cooked6. gave (verb) dramatised; enacted; gave; presented; put on; staged7. happened (verb) befell; betided; broke; came; came off; chanced; developed; fell out; happened; occurred; passed; rose; transpired; went8. performed (verb) achieved; executed; performed; prosecuted9. represented (verb) impersonated; portrayed; represented10. shifted (verb) fared; fended; get along; get by; got along; got by; got on; managed; muddled through; shifted; staggered along; staggered on11. traveled or travelled (verb) covered; passed over; tracked; traveled or travelled; traversed -
111 travelled
1. a много путешествовавшийtravelled man — человек, много ездивший
2. a проезжий; оживлённый3. a геол. эрратическийСинонимический ряд:1. trafficked (adj.) busy; jammed; trafficked2. worldly (adj.) accomplished; cosmopolitan; experienced; international; seasoned; sophisticated; urbane; worldly3. covered (verb) covered; did/done; passed over; tracked; traversed4. journeyed (verb) journeyed; peregrinated; trekked5. spread (verb) circulated; get about; get around; go around; spread6. went/gone (verb) fared; hied; passed; proceeded; push on; pushed on; repaired; wended; went; went/gone -
112 flatting mill
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > flatting mill
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113 a shade of annoyance crossed his face
1) Общая лексика: (passed over, came over) по его лицу пробежала (на его лице промелькнула) тень неудовольствияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > a shade of annoyance crossed his face
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114 offend
ə'fend 1. verb1) (to make feel upset or angry: If you don't go to her party she will be offended; His criticism offended her.) støte, fornærme2) (to be unpleasant or disagreeable: Cigarette smoke offends me.) plage•- offence- offender
- offensive 2. noun(an attack: They launched an offensive against the invading army.) offensiv, angrep- offensiveness
- be on the offensive
- take offencefornærmeverb \/əˈfend\/1) vekke anstøt hos, støte2) fornærme, krenke, forulempe, såre3) forsynde, synde, feile4) ( bibelsk) forargeoffend against bryte, krenke, forsynde seg motbe offended at\/by something bli støtt over noebe offended with\/by somebody bli fornærmet på noen -
115 smile
I [smaɪl] nулыбка, усмешкаI couldn't resist a smile. — Я не мог удержаться от улыбки.
She had a ready smile. — У нее было легко вызвать улыбку.
A slow smile came to her face. — Улыбка медленно осветила ее лицо.
He was all smiles. — У него был сияющий вид.
He gave me a smile of recognition. — Он улыбнулся мне в знак того, что узнал меня.
Her question brought an amused smile to his lips. — Ее вопрос показался ему и вызвал у него улыбку.
He/his lips broke into a smile. — Его лицо расплылось в улыбке
- beguiling smile- sweet smile- contemptuous smile- infectious smile
- ready smile
- sardonic smile
- charming smile
- supercilious smile
- mocking smile
- pitying smile
- pleasant smile
- affectionate smile
- angry smile
- crooked smile
- doubtful smile
- smile of triumph
- smile of fortune
- exchange of smiles
- tired sort of smile
- with a smile in his eyes c
- with a smile of satisfaction
- attempt a smile
- evoke a smile
- force a smile
- give smb a smile
- hide a smile
- return a smile
- reply with a smile
- smile a bitter smile
- smile came to his lips
- smile crept across his face
- smile passed over his face
- smile beamed over his face II [smaɪl] vIt often prevents a quarrel if you smile at people who are rude to you. — Если вы улыбнетесь человеку, который груб с вами, это часто помогает избежать ссоры
- smile at smb, smth -
116 town
[taun]nгород, городокThey rebuilt many ruined towns. — Они заново отстроили многие города, разрушенные войной.
The town was completely destroyed. — Город был совершенно разрушен.
The flood threatened the town. — Городу угрожало наводнение.
- big town- chief towns
- oriental town
- small town
- strange town- port town- deserted town
- ghost town
- medium-sized town
- trading town
- mining town
- noisy town
- besieged town
- neglected town
- rebuilt town
- market town
- shanty town
- rapidly growing town
- densely populated town
- out-of-the-way town
- typically southern town
- third largest town
- well-planned layed-out town
- town library
- town authorities
- town services- town water supply- town with little population
- town with the population of 20 thousand inhabitants- town on the river- town at the foot of the mountain
- town across the river- utility service of the town- heating system of the town
- sights of interest of the town
- bird's eye view of the town
- within the town - out of town
- on the outskirts of the town
- wander about a town
- restore a town
- raise the town from the ashes
- go to town
- move to town
- drive about the town
- short of the town
- be town bred
- live in town
- build up develop new areas of the town
- come down from town
- lay out plan a town
- settle down in a town
- show smb around the town
- defend the town
- visit a town
- enclose the town with a wall
- go sightseeing around the town
- attack a town
- lose one's way in the town
- found out a town
- secure a town against assault
- protect the town
- find one's way in a town
- capture a town
- conquer a town
- take the town by surprise
- lay siege to the town
- raze the town out
- sweep the town from the face of the earth
- town lies on a hill
- town is located on both banks of the river
- town stretches along the bank of the river
- town is named after...
- town is famous for its architecture
- town borders on a forest
- town withstood the siege
- town fell
- town passes over from hands to hands
- town passed over to the enemyUSAGE:(1.) Существительное town противопоставлено существительному city. Существительное city обозначает большой, промышленный город или город, независимо от его размеров, в котором есть собор. (2.) Существительное town, обозначающее "не в деревне", "не в сельской местности", употребляется без артикля в оборотах типа to go to town, go out of town, be in town, live in town. (3.) Русское выражение "поехать за город" соответствует английскому выражению to go to the country -
117 Appleby, John F.
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1840 New York, US Ad. ? USA[br]American inventor of the knotting mechanism used on early binders and still found on modern baling machines.[br]As a young man John Appleby worked as a labourer for a farmer near Whitewater in Wisconsin. He was 18 when the farmer bought a new reaping machine. Appleby believed that the concept had not been progressed far enough and that the machine should be able to bind sheaths as well as to cut the corn. It is claimed that while watching a dog playing with a skipping rope he noticed a particular knot created as the dog removed its head from the loop that had passed over it, and recognized the potential of the way in which this knot had been formed. From a piece of apple wood he carved a device that would produce the knot he had seen. A local school teacher backed Appleby's idea with a $50 loan, but the American Civil War and service in the Union Army prevented any further development until 1869 when he took out a patent on a wire-tying binder. A number of the devices were made for him by a company in Beloit. Trials of wire binders held in 1873 highlighted the danger of small pieces of wire caught up in the hay leading to livestock losses. Appleby looked again at the possibility of twine. In 1875 he successfully operated a machine and the following season four were in operation. A number of other developments, not least Behel's "bill hook" knotting device, were also to have an influence in the final development of Appleby's twine-tying binder. As so often happens, it was the vision of the entrepreneur which ultimately led to the success of Appleby's device. In 1877 Appleby persuaded William Deering to produce and market his binder, and 3,000 twine binders, together with the twine produced for them, were put on the market in 1880, with immediate success. Over the next dozen years all harvesting-machine manufacturers adopted the idea, under licence to Appleby.[br]Further ReadingG.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (provides an account of the development of harvesting machinery and the various tying devices developed for them).1927, "Twine knotter history", Wisconsin Magazine of History (a more specific account).AP -
118 Koepe, Friedrich
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 1 July 1835 Bergkamen, Westphalia, Germanyd. 12 September 1922 Bochum, Germany[br]German mining engineer, inventor of the friction winder for shaft hoisting.[br]After attending the School of Mines at Bochum, from 1862 he worked as an overseer in the coal-mining district of Ibbenbüren until he joined a mining company in the Ruhr area. There, as head of the machine shop, he was mainly concerned with sinking new shafts. In 1873 he became the Technical Director of the Hannover mine, near Bochum, which belonged to Krupp. When the shaft hoisting was to be extended to a lower level Koepe conceived the idea of applying a friction winder to the hoist instead of a drum, in order to save weight and costs. His method involved the use of an endless rope to which the cages were fixed without a safety catch. The rope passed over pulleys instead of coiling and uncoiling on a drum, and he consequently proposed to have the motor erected on top of the shaft rather than beside it, as had been the practice until then.Koepe's innovation turned out to be highly effective for hoisting heavy loads from deep shafts and was still popular in many countries in the 1990s, although the Krupp company did not accept it for a long time. He had severe personal problems with the company, and as Krupp refused to have his system patented he had to take it out in his own name in 1877. However, Krupp did not pay for the extension of the patent, nor did they pass the dossiers over to him, so the patent expired two years later. It was not until 1888 that a hoisting engine equipped with a friction winder was erected for the first time in a head gear, above the new Hannover II shaft. The following year Koepe left the Krupp company and settled as a freelance consulting engineer in Bochum; he was successful in having his system introduced by other mining companies. Ironi-cally, in 1948 the world's first four-rope winding, based on his system, was installed at the Hannover mine.[br]Further ReadingFor detailed biographical information and an assessment of his technological achievements see: H.Arnold and W.Kroker, 1977, "100 Jahre Schachtförderung nach dem System Koepe", Der Anschnitt 29:235–42.F.Lange, 1952, Die Vierseilförderung, Essen.WK -
119 Shaw, Percy
[br]b. 1889 Yorkshire, England d. 1975[br]English inventor of the "catseye" reflecting roadstud.[br]Little is known of Shaw's youth, but in the 1930s he was running a comparatively successful business repairing roads. One evening in 1933, he was driving to his home in Halifax, West Yorkshire; it was late, dark and foggy and only the reflection of his headlights from the tram-tracks guided him and kept him on the road. He decided to find or make an alternative to tramlines, which were not universal and by that time were being taken up as trams were being replaced with diesel buses.Shaw needed a place to work and bought the old Boothtown Mansion, a cloth-merchant's house built in the mid-eighteenth century. There he devoted himself to the production of a prototype of the reflecting roadstud, inspired by the reflective nature of a cat's eyes. Shaw's design consisted of a prism backed by an aluminium mirror, set in pairs in a rubber casing; when traffic passed over the stud, the prisms would be wiped clean as the casing was depressed. In 1934, Shaw obtained permission from the county surveyor to lay, at his own expense, a short stretch of catseyes on a main highway near his home: fifty were laid at Brightlington cross-roads, an accident blackspot near Bradford. This was inspected by a number of surveyors in 1936. The first order for catseyes had already been placed in 1935, for a pedestrian crossing in Baldon, Yorkshire. There were alternative designs in existence, particularly in France, and in 1937 the Ministry of Transport laid an 8 km (5 mile) stretch in Oxfordshire with sample lengths of different types of studs. After two years, most of them had fractured, become displaced or ceased to reflect; only the product of Shaw's company, Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd, was still in perfect condition. The outbreak of the Second World War brought blackout regulations, which caused a great boost to sales of reflecting roadstuds; orders reached some 40,000 per week. Production was limited, however, due to the shortage of rubber supplies after the Japanese overran South-East Asia; until the end of the war, only about 12,000 catseyes were produced a year.Over fifty million catseyes have been installed in Britain, where on average there are about two hundred and fifty catseyes in each kilometre of road, if laid in a single line. The success of Shaw's invention brought him great wealth, although he continued to live in the same house, without curtains—which obstructed his view—or carpets—which harboured odours and germs. He had three Rolls-Royce cars, and four television sets which were permanently switched on while he was at home, each tuned to a different channel.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1965.Further ReadingE.de Bono (ed.), 1979, Eureka, London: Thames \& Hudson."Percy's bright idea", En Route (the magazine of the Caravan Club), reprinted in The Police Review, 23 March 1983.IMcN -
120 paste mill
пастомесильные вальцы; пастомесильная машинаThe English-Russian dictionary general scientific > paste mill
См. также в других словарях:
Over — O ver ([=o] v[ e]r), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. [ u]ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. [ o]fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. ype r, Skr. upari. [root]199. Cf. {Above}, {Eaves}, {Hyper }, {Orlop}, {Super }, {Sovereign},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Over all — Over O ver ([=o] v[ e]r), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. [ u]ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. [ o]fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. ype r, Skr. upari. [root]199. Cf. {Above}, {Eaves}, {Hyper }, {Orlop}, {Super }, {Sovereign},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Over head and ears — Over O ver ([=o] v[ e]r), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. [ u]ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. [ o]fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. ype r, Skr. upari. [root]199. Cf. {Above}, {Eaves}, {Hyper }, {Orlop}, {Super }, {Sovereign},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Over one's head — Over O ver ([=o] v[ e]r), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. [ u]ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. [ o]fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. ype r, Skr. upari. [root]199. Cf. {Above}, {Eaves}, {Hyper }, {Orlop}, {Super }, {Sovereign},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Over the left — Over O ver ([=o] v[ e]r), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. [ u]ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. [ o]fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. ype r, Skr. upari. [root]199. Cf. {Above}, {Eaves}, {Hyper }, {Orlop}, {Super }, {Sovereign},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Passed midshipman — Pass Pass, v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
over — I. adverb Etymology: Middle English, adverb & preposition, from Old English ofer; akin to Old High German ubar (preposition) above, beyond, over, Latin super, Greek hyper Date: before 12th century 1. a. across a barrier or intervening space;… … New Collegiate Dictionary
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