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41 ἀλύτας
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: = ῥαβδοφόρος η μαστιγοφόρος (EM 72, 15), police-men in Elis (inscr.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: Explained as *Ϝαλυ-τᾱς `staff-bearer' to Goth. walus `staff', ON vǫlr id. s. Bechtel Dial. 2, 863, Gött. Nachr. 1920, 247. Krahe Glotta 22, 123f. thinks it is of Illyrian origin. The Greek word is hardly IE inheritance (would be * uh₂lu-). A direct loan from Germanic is improbable, so there will be a third source (as Krahe supposed), but the word may well be non-IE (words with this meaning are very often borrowed).Page in Frisk: 1,80Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλύτας
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42 βακτηρία
βακτηρία, βάκτρονGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `staff, stick, scepter (as symbol of judges)' (Ar.).Other forms: Also βακτήριον (Ar.), βακτηρίδιον (H.), βακτηρίς, - ίδος f. (Achae. [?]). Cf. βάκτρον n. `stick, cudgel' (A.).Dialectal forms: Cypr. pakara LSJ Supp.Derivatives: βακτρεύω `prop' (arg. metr. in S. OC), βάκτρευμα (E.; βακτηρεύω (Suid.) influenced by βακτηρία.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: βακτηρία looks like an abstract formation from *βακτήρ, with βάκτρον like ἀροτήρ beside ἄροτρον. One compares βάκται ἰσχυροί H. (doubtful) and βακόν (improbable). - To Lat. baculum `staff, stick', from * bak-tlo-m (but s. Pisani REIE 3, 53); from baculum again βάκλον `stick, cudgel' (Aesop.); also OIr. bacc `hook, crook' etc. Pok. 93 gives other, quite doubtful, forms. A loanword; from Europe?Page in Frisk: 1,211-212Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βακτηρία
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43 βάκτρον (1)
βακτηρία, βάκτρονGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `staff, stick, scepter (as symbol of judges)' (Ar.).Other forms: Also βακτήριον (Ar.), βακτηρίδιον (H.), βακτηρίς, - ίδος f. (Achae. [?]). Cf. βάκτρον n. `stick, cudgel' (A.).Dialectal forms: Cypr. pakara LSJ Supp.Derivatives: βακτρεύω `prop' (arg. metr. in S. OC), βάκτρευμα (E.; βακτηρεύω (Suid.) influenced by βακτηρία.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: βακτηρία looks like an abstract formation from *βακτήρ, with βάκτρον like ἀροτήρ beside ἄροτρον. One compares βάκται ἰσχυροί H. (doubtful) and βακόν (improbable). - To Lat. baculum `staff, stick', from * bak-tlo-m (but s. Pisani REIE 3, 53); from baculum again βάκλον `stick, cudgel' (Aesop.); also OIr. bacc `hook, crook' etc. Pok. 93 gives other, quite doubtful, forms. A loanword; from Europe?Page in Frisk: 1,211-212Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάκτρον (1)
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44 ὅρκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `oath' (Il.), `object to swear by', orig. of the water of the Styx (Β 755, Hes., h. Cer. 259).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὁρκ-ωμότης m. `who takes an oath' (Arc., Locr. inscr. VI--Va) with ὁρκωμοτ-έω `to take an oath' (trag. a.o.), compound of ὅρκον ὀμόσαι with τη-suffix; εὔ-ορκος `swearing rightly, faithful to one's oath' (Hes.) with εὑορκ-έω, ἔν-ορκος `bound by oath' (Att.) with ἐνορκ-ίζομαι `to bind by oath'; but ἔξορκος `sworn' (Pi.) backformation from ἐξ-ορκόω, - ορκίζω; on ἐπί-ορκος s. v.; πεντορκ-ία f. "taking of five oaths", `oath by five gods' (Locr. Va), with ία-suffix.Derivatives: 1. ὅρκια pl., rarely - ιον n. `objects to swear by, oath pledge, animals sacrificed for an oath, oath, solemn treaty' (Il.), ὅρκιος `belonging to an oath, sworn by' (Att., Leg. Gort.). 2. ὁρκικός `belonging to an oath' (Stoic.). 3. ὁρκόω, - ῶσαι, often w. ἐξ-, `to make one swear, to put under oath' (IA.) with ὁρκώματα pl. `oath' (A.), ὁρκωτής m. `who makes swear, who puts one under oath' (Att.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 199 f.), ἐξόρκω-σις f. `swearing, adjuration' (Hdt., J.). 4. ὁρκίζω, - ίσαι, Dor. fut. ὁρκιξεω (Delph.), also w. δι-, ἐξ-, `to make one swear, to adjure, to administer an oath' (Ion., X., D., hell., also Dor., s. Fraenkel Denom. 86 a. 147) with ὁρκίσματα pl. `adjurations' (Megara I--IIp), ( δι-, ἐξ-)-ὁρκισμός m. `swearing, adjuration' (LXX, Plb.), ἐξορκισ-τής m. `exorcist' ( Act Ap.). 5. ὁρκίλλομαι `to swear in vain' (Phot.), as if from dimin.-pejor. *ὁρκίλος. 6. - ορκέω only in derivv. from compp. with analogical formations: εὑορκ-έω (with εὑορκ-ία) from εὔ-ορκος(s. above), ψευδορκ-έω from ψεύδ-ορκος (Risch IF 59, 258), with ἐμπεδ-, ἀληθ-, δυσ-, παρ-ορκέω a.o.; on ἐπι-ορκέω s. v. -- On itself stands, with quite diff. meaning ὁρκάνη f. `enclosure' (A., E.) beside late ἑρκάνη as Όργάνη beside Έργάνη (s. on ὄργανον and ἔργον); cf. also Ο῝ρκατος PN (Calymna IIa), s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 147.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formally ὅρκος seems to be connected with ἕρκος `fence' (thus already Eust. a. EM); it would be then prop. so much as "bound(s), which one assumes" (Solmsen KZ 32, 275), "limitation, tie, obligation"; such a meaning is indeed found in ὅρκοι δεσμοὶ σφραγῖδος H. [or read *σφραγῖδες?] ; cf. also ὁρκάνη. A convincing argumentation however must still be found. Several attempts by Schroeder (in WP. 2, 528): ὅρκος prop. "fastening" beside ἕρκος "obstruction"; by Luther "Wahrheit" und "Lüge" 90ff. (s. also Weltansicht und Geistesleben 86 ff.): ὅρκος prop. a magical power, that pales in the swearer (*ἕρκει); by Bollack REGr. 71, 1ff.: ὅρκος orig. = Στύξ, taken as worldembracing fence ( μέγας ὅρκος); s. also Hiersche ibd. 35 ff. -- New etymology by Leumann Hom. Wörter 91 f.: ὅρκος = Lat. * sorcus or * surcus in surculus `twig' (diff. on surculus [: surus `twig'] e.g. W.-Hofmann s.v.); so prop. `the staff, which is raised when swearing'; ὄμνυμι `swear' prop. *'grasp'; ὅρκον ὀμόσαι `grasp the staff' ( θεοὺς ὀμόσαι imitation). Criticism by Luther, Bollack a. Hiersche l.c.; cf. also Benveniste Vocab. institutions 2, 165ff. cf. alo the lit. on ὄμνυμι. Further s. ἕρκος.Page in Frisk: 2,418-419Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅρκος
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45 ῥάβδος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `twig, rod, staff, streak, groove' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ῥαβδ-οῦχος m. `staff-bearer' as name of an official (Ar., Th., hell.), πολύ-ρραβδος `having many streaks' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. ῥαβδ-ίον n. (Arist., Thphr.); 2. ῥαβδ-ωτός `having rods, streaks, grooves' (X., Arist.), - ωμα H. as explanation of σκυτάλια; - ωσις f. `cannelure' (Att. inscr. end Va; Kretschmer Glotta 14, 230, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 152f.); 3. Denomin.: a) ῥαβδ-ίζω `to beat with a rod, to thresh' (com., Thphr.) with - ισμός m. `treshing', - ιστήρ m. `thresher' (pap.); b) - εύομαι `to fish with a rod' (Arist.); c) - όομαι `to have streaks' (Lyd.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Perh. cognate with ῥάμνος, ῥαπίς. A suffixal element δο- can, except in a few nouns indicating sounds (e.g. κέλαδος), only be found in isolated, etymolog. mostly unclear words (Schwyzer 508 f., Chantraine Form. 359 f.); but note the old, in meaning close word κλάδος; cf. Specht Ursprung 230 with motley material. A basis *ῥάβ-ι̯ος, by Bq given as possible, is defended by Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 132. Except for the - δ-, ῥάβ-δ-ος can be compared with Lith. vir̃bas `twig, spigs, rod' and Russ. vérba (OCS vrъba) `willow' (IE *u̯r̥b-). Beside it with full grade Lat. verbera pl. `(rods for) punishment', verbēnae pl. `the twigs of the laurel etc.' -- Further forms w. lit. in W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; also WP. 1, 275 and Pok. 1153. -- We can be certain that the word is Pre-Greek (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,636-637Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥάβδος
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46 σκῑπων
σκῑ́πων, - ωνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `staff, stick', also `crutch' (Hdt. 4, 172, Cratin. [lyr.], Ar. [anap.], E. [anap.], Call., AP; Hp., Epid. IVa);Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in ἀ-σκίπων `staffless' (AP).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Ion.-poet. word, built like κύφων, δόλων and other tool-names (Chantraine Form. 161f.) and except for the formation identical with Lat. scīpiō, - ōnis m. `staff (as sign of power and dignity like σκῆπτρον). The further similarity with σκηπάνιον, σκῆπτρον a. cogn. (s. σκήπτομαι) has since long been observed; on the hypothetic root or rootvariation skāp- ( skā[i]p-): skīp- see Solmsen Wortforsch 306ff. (now untenable). Further combinations with rich material and lit. in WP. 2, 545 a. 559ff., Pok. 922 a. 930ff. Acc. to usual supposition (Fick, Curtius, Solmsen etc.) here also as (denominative?) nasalpresent σκίμπτομαι (like σκήπτομαι to σκᾶπος); an other hypothesis s.v. One considers further the semant. not quite clear σκοῖπος ἡ ἐξοχη τῶν ξύλων, ἐφ' ὧν εἰσι οἱ κέραμοι H., prob. of the supporting beams, on which the tiles rest. -- A connection with σκῆπτρον etc. seems impossible (DELG refers to Benvenist Origines 167 and to Szemerényi Einf. in die vergl. Sprachwiss. 133). No idea what to think of the similarity of the Lat. form.Page in Frisk: 2,733Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκῑπων
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47 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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48 σκῆπτρον
σκῆπτρον, ου, τό (σκήπτομαι ‘lean (on)’, e.g. a staff; Hom.+; ins; PGM 13, 182; 187; LXX; TestSol; Test12Patr)① scepter as a symbol of the power to rule (TestJud 24:5; JosAs 5:6; Ant. 17, 197) σκ. τῆς μεγαλωσύνης τοῦ θεοῦ the scepter of the majesty of God 1 Cl 16:2 (cp. Esth 4:17q; Ezk. Trag. 71 in Eus., PE 9, 29, 5; Philo, Mut. Nom. 136; SibOr 3, 49. The scepter of Zeus Pind., P. 1, 6; Cornutus 9 p. 10, 10; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 155; of Rhea Pind., N. 11, 4; of Isis IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 6 p. 129; of Selene PGM 4, 2843f.—FdeWaele, The Magic Staff or Rod in Graeco-Italian Antiquity 1927, ch. 1).② tribe, by metonymy, of the tribes of Israel (1 Km 2:28; 9:21; 3 Km 11:31f, 35f al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 61; TestJud 25:1; TestNapht 5:8) 1 Cl 32:2.—DELG s.v. σκήπτομαι. -
49 ακτηρίδα
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50 ἀκτηρίδα
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51 ακτηρίς
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52 ἀκτηρίς
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53 ασκίπων
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54 ἀσκίπων
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55 αστηρίκτοις
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56 ἀστηρίκτοις
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57 αστηρίκτου
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58 ἀστηρίκτου
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59 αστηρίκτους
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60 ἀστηρίκτους
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