appointed+for+a+duty

- padł na wznak he fell on his back

- padła zemdlona na podłogę she fell to the floor in a faint

- padł na łóżko/na fotel he collapsed onto a. fell into the bed/the armchair

- drzewa padały na ziemię trees were crashing to the ground

- paść komuś w objęcia a. ramiona to fall into sb’s arms

- paść sobie w objęcia a. ramiona to fall into each other’s arms, to fall on each other

- paść na kolana a. klęczki to fall to a. on one’s knees (przed kimś/czymś before sb/sth)

- paść komuś do nóg to fall at sb’s feet

- paść przed kimś plackiem to prostrate oneself before sb

- padać ze zmęczenia a. wyczerpania to be dead tired; to be dead beat pot.

- padam z nóg I’m dead tired; I’m dead beat pot.

- paść martwym a. bez życia a. bez ducha to drop dead

- padnij! Wojsk. down!

- dojrzałe jabłka padały na trawę ripe apples were dropping onto the grass

- pocisk padł kilka metrów od naszego domu the missile fell a. came down several metres from our house

- smuga światła padła na podłogę a beam of light fell on the floor

- cienie drzew padały na drogę the trees were casting their shadows on the road

- promienie słońca padały przez otwarte okna shunshine was flooding in through the open windows

- jego wzrok padł na mnie his gaze fell on me

- w naszą stronę padały ukradkowe spojrzenia sekretarki the secretary was giving us furtive glances, the secretary was casting furtive glances in our direction

- akcent pada na drugą sylabę the stress falls a. is on the second syllable

- paść w boju/na posterunku/na polu chwały to fall in battle/in the course of duty/with honour

- paść z głodu i chorób to die a. perish from starvation and disease

- rośliny padały z braku wody plants were dying a. withering for lack of water

- padły pod siekierą wielowiekowe wierzby ancient willows were chopped down a. felled

- zboże padało pod kosą corn was falling before the scythe

- miasto padło pod naporem przeważających sił wroga the town fell to overwhelming enemy forces

- paść na egzaminie to flunk an exam pot., to come a cropper at an exam pot.

- padł na niego gniew królewski he incurred the wrath of the king książk.

- padło na niego 100 głosów he got 100 votes

- padło 10 głosów za i 10 przeciw there were 10 votes for and 10 against

- wybór padł na niego he was the one to be chosen

- wygrana padła na numer 275 the winning number is/was 275

- na jego los padła główna wygrana he won the first prize; he hit the jackpot pot.

- nie padło ani jedno słowo na ten temat not a word was said on this subject

- padło wiele gorzkich słów there were many bitter words

- padały cytaty, nazwiska, tytuły quotations, names and titles were being cited

- czekała, ale pytanie nie padało she was waiting, but the question didn’t come

- padł wniosek o powołanie komisji specjalnej it was proposed that a special commission be appointed

- padają głosy, że… there is talk that…

- padł rozkaz wymarszu marching orders were issued

- padła komenda: „na ramię broń!” ‘slope a. shoulder arms!’ came the order

- padło kilka strzałów several shots were fired

- strzały padały gęsto bullets were hailing down

- pierwsza bramka padła w drugiej połowie the first goal was scored in the second half

- na zawodach padły dwa rekordy two new records were established at the championships

- w drugim meczu padł wynik bezbramkowy the second match was goalless a. a no-score draw

■ padać przed kimś na twarz (bać się kogoś) to fall prostrate before sb, to prostrate oneself before sb

- na mózg a. rozum mu padło pot. he’s gone mad a. off his nut pot.

- chyba ci na mózg padło! you must be mad a. out of your mind!

- padam do nóg a. nóżek przest., żart. your humble servant przest.

fiscal.

año/asesor/fraude fiscal tax year/adviser/fraud

1 similar public prosecutor (British), district attorney (United States) (law).

fiscal General del Estado (similar) Director of Public Prosecutions (British), (similar) Attorney General (United States)

2 district attorney, government attorney, prosecuting attorney, prosecutor.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 fiscal, tax

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 DERECHO public prosecutor, US district attorney

2 figurado snooper, informer

* * *

ADJ (=relativo a impuestos) fiscal, tax antes de s ; (=económico) fiscal, financial

2. SMF

1) (Jur) public prosecutor, district attorney (EEUU)

2) * (=entrometido) busybody, meddler

* * *

adjetivo fiscal, tax (before n); año, ministerio

- cala masculino, femenino, fiscal masculino y femenino ≈district attorney ( in US), ≈public prosecutor ( in UK)

- Fiscal General del Estado

masculino (Ven) tb

* * *

adjetivo fiscal, tax (before n); año, ministerio

- cala masculino, femenino, fiscal masculino y femenino ≈district attorney ( in US), ≈public prosecutor ( in UK)

- Fiscal General del Estado

masculino (Ven) tb

* * *

fiscal¹

¹ = prosecutor, prosecuting attorney, district attorney, district counsel.

fiscal²

² = fiscal, prosecuting.

* * *

fiscal, tax ( before n)

asesor fiscal tax consultant

año, ministerio

fiscal masculine and feminine ≈ district attorney ( in US), ≈ public prosecutor ( in UK)

masculine and feminine special prosecutor appointed to investigate cases of corruption

masculine and feminine ≈ Attorney General ( in US), ≈ Director of Public Prosecutions ( in UK)

( Ven) tb

fiscal de tránsito (cuerpo) traffic police; (persona) traffic policeman

* * *

* * *

♦ adj

1. [del fisco] fiscal, tax;

año/asesor/fraude fiscal tax year/adviser/evasion

2. Der

♦ nmf

1. Der Br ≈ public prosecutor, US ≈ district attorney

2. Andes [ayuda de párroco] churchwarden

3. Ven fiscal de tránsito traffic policeman, f traffic policewoman

* * *

I adj tax atr, fiscal;

sistema fiscal tax system

II m/f district attorney, Br

public prosecutor

* * *

fiscal adj

: fiscal

♦ fiscalmente adv

fiscal nmf

: district attorney, prosecutor

* * *

fiscal¹ adj tax

fiscal² n public prosecutor

1) General subject: aim, challenge, concern, end, exercise, exercitation, object, problem, proposition, puzzle, task, the milk in the cocoa-nut, theme, goal

2) Military: assignment, business, (сложная) challenge, charge, commitment, function, program, role, tactical functionбоевая, target, (частная) task, work

3) Engineering: mission, objective, undertaking

4) Mathematics: job, matter, point, question, topic

5) Railway term: scheme

6) Metallurgy: threading, tracking (полосы)

7) Jargon: gool, pitch, show

8) Information technology: task (программный модуль)

9) Oil: tsk

10) Geophysics: purpose

11) Business: duty, stint

12) Production: Make-or-Buy Problem (MOB)

13) American English: Mission or task or challenge

14) Programming: concurrent object, activity, concurrent component (в ООП)

15) Automation: issue

16) Quality control: (боевая) mission

17) leg.N.P. terms of reference (e.g., of a committee which is appointed by a larger deliberative body and to which a certain question or questions are referred for consideration; parliamentary practice)

18) Aviation medicine: criterion task, low demand task

19) Makarov: example (учебная), plan, problem (учебная), task (совокупность действий)

20) Taboo: ball-breaker (и т.п.), bitch

युक्त p. p. [युज्-क्त]

1 Joined, united.

-2 Fastened, yoked, harnessed.

-3 Fitted out, arranged; उदतिष्ठन् महाराज सर्वं युक्तमशेषतः Mb.6.16.4.

-4 Accompanied; युक्तः प्रमाद्यसि Ki.11.29.

-5 Furnished or endowed with, filled with, having, possessing (with instr. or in comp.)

-6 Fixed or intent on, absorbed or engaged in, devoted to (with loc.); कौसल्यायां यथा युक्तो जनन्यां वर्तते सदा Rām.2.2.3; युक्तः प्रजानामनुरञ्जने स्याः U.1.11; Pt.1.284.

-7 Used, employed.

-8 Adapted, fitted.

-9 Appointed (a government servant); अपि शक्या गतिर्ज्ञातुं पततां खे पतत्रिणाम् । न तु प्रच्छन्नभावानां युक्तानां चरतां गतिः ॥ मत्स्या यथान्तःसलिले चरन्तो ज्ञातुं न शक्याः सलिलं पिवन्तः । युक्ता- स्तथा कार्यविधौ नियुक्ता ज्ञातुं न शक्या धनमाददानाः ॥ Kau. A.2.9.

-1 Connected with.

-11 Proved, inferred,

-12 Active, diligent.

-13 Skilful, experienced, clever; सुग्रीवमन्त्रिते युक्तौ मम चापि हिते रतौ Rām.7.39.18.

-14 Fit, proper, right, suitable (with gen. or loc).

-15 Primitive, not derived (from another word).

-16 = योग- युक्त q. v.; अनिःश्वसन्तं युक्तं तम् Rām.7.16.16; cf. युक्तचेतस्.

-17 = नियमवान्; श्रद्दधानः सदा युक्तः सदा धर्मपरायणः Mb.1. 1.261.

-18 (In astr.) Being in conjunction with.

-क्तः 1 A saint who has become one with the Supreme Spirit.

-क्तम् 1 A team, yoke.

-2 Money lawfully obtained.

-3 Junction, connection.

-4 Fitness, pro- priety.

-क्तम् ind. Fitly, properly, justly, duly, well.

-Comp. -अर्थ a. sensible, rational, significant.

-कर्मन् a. entrusted with some duty.

-चेतस् a. योगयुक्त or योगा- भ्यासी q. v.; प्रयाणकाले$पि च मां ते विदुर्युक्तचेतसः Bg.7.3.

-चेष्ट a. behaving properly.

-दण्ड a. punishing justly; स हि सर्वस्य लोकस्य युक्तदण्डतया मनः (आददे) R.4.8.

-मनस् a. attentive.

-योग a. (in astrol.) being in conjunction.

-रथः 1 a kind of elixir.

-2 N. of a particular enema.

-रूप a.

1 fit, proper, worthy, suitable (with gen. or loc.); जन्म यस्य पुरोर्वंशे युक्तरूपमिदं तव Ś.1.12; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि 2.17.

-2 Fit for, corresponding to.

-वादिन् a. speaking properly.

m. a rein, curb, bridle RV. V, 61, 2 ;

1) (incarico) office, (dovere) duty, (mansione) function, task, job

2) Dir

3)

4) Rel office, service

1) (incarico) office, (dovere) duty, (mansione) function, task, job

2) Dir

3)

4) Rel office, service

lictor (pronounced līctor, Gell. 12, 3, 4), ōris, m. [1. ligo; cf. Gell. 12, 3, 1 sqq.], a lictor, i. e. an attendant granted to a magistrate, as a sign of official dignity. The Romans adopted this custom from the Etrurians:

Romulus cum cetero habitu se augustiorem tum maxime lictoribus duodecim sumptis (a finitima Etruria) fecit,

Liv. 1, 8. The lictors bore a bundle of rods, from which an axe projected. Their duty was to walk before the magistrate in a line, one after the other; to call out to the people to make way (submovere turbam);

and to remind them of paying their respects to him (animadvertere, v. h. v.). The foremost one was called primus lictor: apud quem primus quievit lictor,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 21;

the last and nearest to the consul, proximus lictor,

Liv. 24, 44 fin. The lictors had also to execute sentences of judgment, to bind criminals to a stake, to scourge them, and to behead them, Liv. 1, 26; 8, 7; 38;

26, 16.—It was necessary that lictors should be freeborn: not till the time of Tacitus were freedmen also appointed to the office. They were united into a company, and formed the decuriae apparitorum (public servants). In Rome they wore the toga, in the field the sagum, in triumphal processions a purple mantle and fasces wreathed with laurel: togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt, quibus illi acceptis, sagula rejecerunt et catervam imperatori suo novam praebuerunt,

Cic. Pis. 23, 55. Only those magistrates who had potestatem cum imperio had lictors. In the earliest times the king had twelve; immediately after the expulsion of the kings, each of the two consuls had twelve;

but it was soon decreed that the consuls should be preceded for a month alternately by twelve lictors,

Liv. 2, 1;

a regulation which appears to have been afterwards, although not always, observed,

Liv. 22, 41;

Cæsar was the first who restored the old custom,

Suet. Caes. 20.—The decemvirs had, in their first year of office, twelve lictors each one day alternately, Liv. 3, 33;

in their second year each had twelve lictors to himself,

id. 3, 36.—

The military tribunes with consular power had also twelve lictors,

Liv. 4, 7;

and likewise the interrex,

id. 1, 17.—The dictator had twenty-four, Dio, 54, 1; Polyb. 3, 87; Plut. Fab. 4;

the magister equitum only six, Dio, 42, 27. The praetor urbanus had, in the earlier times, two lictors,

Censor. de Die Natal. 24: at enim unum a praetura tua, Epidice, abest. Ep. Quidnam? Th. Scies. Lictores duo, duo viminei fasces virgarum, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 26; in the provinces he had six;

but in the later times the praetor had in the city, as well as in the province, six lictors, Polyb. 3, 40: cum praetor lictorem impellat et ire praecipitem jubeat,

Juv. 3, 128. The quaestor had lictors only in the province, when he, in consequence of the praetor's absence or death, performed the functions of propraetor, Sall. C. 19; Cic. Planc. 41, 98. Moreover, the flamen dialis, the vestals, and the magistri vicorum had lictors;

these, however, appear to have had no fasces, which was also the case with the thirty lictores curiati (who summoned the curiae to vote),

Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 81; Gell. 15, 27, 2; Inscr. Grut. 33, 4; 630, 9.—

Transf.:

lictorem feminae in publico unionem esse,

a lady's mark of distinction, Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 114.

(1855-1902)

   Portugal's most celebrated colonial soldier of the modern era, governor and conqueror of the Gaza state in Mozambique. A career army officer with noble lineage, "Mousinho," as he became known to his generation, later helped to shape Portugal's administration and policies in Mozambique, following army service in India. He served largely as a soldier involved in so-called "pacification" campaigns in Mozambique (1890-95) and then as an administrator, where he acted as royal commissioner and governor-general of Mozambique from 1896 to 1898. After he first visited Africa in 1890, the year of the English Ultimatum, the principal part of his career would be devoted to Portuguese Africa, and he was to become a noted authority on African affairs and policies. Appointed governor of the district of Lourenço Marques (today, Maputo) in late 1890, he returned to Portugal in 1892, then became part of the most famous military expedition to Portuguese Africa of the modern era, the 1895 force sent to Mozambique to conquer the African state of Gaza, in southern Mozambique. Albuquerque distinguished himself in this bloody campaign; at the battle of Coolela, on 7 November 1895, Portuguese forces using the novel machine gun defeated and slaughtered the army of Gaza king Gungunyane. Following his appointment as military governor of the Gaza district, Albuquerque grew impatient with the failure of his superiors to give the coup d'grace to the Gaza kingdom by killing or capturing its leader, Gungunyane, who had escaped after the battle of Coolela. With a small force, Mousinho raided his refuge at Chaimite, Mozambique, and captured Gungunyane, who did not resist (January 1896). These bold deeds in the 1895 campaign and the surprise kidnapping of Mozambique's most powerful African leader made Albuquerque a hero in Portugal and a colonial celebrity in several other European states. Among the honors showered upon this unusual soldier was the 1896 double appointment as governor-general and royal commissioner of Mozambique colony. His service as chief administrator of Portugal's second most important African territory during 1896-98 was significant but frustrating. His efforts at sweeping reforms, rejuvenation, and decentralization of authority and power were noble but made little impact at the time. He resigned in anger after his failure to move the Lisbon colonial bureaucracy and returned to a restless, relatively inactive life in Portugal. Unable to adjust to dull garrison duty, after he completed his masterful colonial report-memoir on his African service (Mozambique, 1896-98), Albuquerque in vain sought new challenges. Briefly he served as tutor to Prince Luís, heir apparent of King Carlos I, but his efforts to volunteer as an officer in wars in South Africa and China failed. His idea of a military dictatorship to reform a lagging constitutional monarchy rejected both by his patron, King Carlos, and by much of the political elite, Lieutenant Colonel Mousinho de Albuquerque found life too painful to bear. On 8 January 1902, while on a Lisbon tram, Albuquerque committed suicide with his own pistol. His importance for future colonial policy in Africa was manifest as Portugal made efforts to decentralize and reform administration until 1930. After 1930, his personal legend as a brave colonial soldier who was an epitome of patriotism grew and was exploited by the dictatorship led by Sala- zar. Mousinho de Albuquerque was adopted by this regime, between 1930 and 1960, as the military-colonial patron saint of the regime and as an example to Portuguese youth. The name of the place where he surprised Gungunyane, Chaimite, was adopted as the name of an armored car used by the Portuguese Army in its post-1961 campaigns in Africa.

    See also Carlos I, King; Generation of 1895.

SUBJECT AREA: Canals

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Admitted in 1797 as a Gentleman Cadet in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, By was commissioned on 1 August 1799 as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, but was soon transferred to the Royal Engineers. Posted to Plymouth upon the development of the fortifications, he was further posted to Canada, arriving there in August 1802.

In 1803 By was engaged in canal work, assisting Captain Bruyères in the construction of a short canal (1,500 ft (460 m) long) at the Cascades on the Grand, now the Ottawa, River. In 1805 he was back at the Cascades repairing ice damage caused during the previous winter. He was promoted Captain in 1809. Meanwhile he worked on the fortifications of Quebec and in 1806–7 he built a scale model of the Citadel, which is now in the National War Museum of Canada. He returned to England in 1810 and served in Portugal in 1811. Back in England at the end of the year, he was appointed Royal Engineer Officer in charge at the Waltham Abbey Gunpowder Works on 1 January 1812 and later planned the new Small Arms Factory at Enfield; both works were on the navigable River Lee.

In the post-Napoleonic period Major By, as he then was, retired on half-pay but was promoted to Lieu tenant-Colonel on 2 December 1824. Eighteen months later, in March 1826, he returned to Canada on active duty to build the Rideau Canal. This was John By's greatest work. It was conceived after the American war of 1812–14 as a connection for vessels to reach Kingston and the Great Lakes from Montreal while avoiding possible attack from the United States forces. Ships would pass up the Ottawa River using the already-constructed locks and bypass channels and then travel via a new canal cut through virgin forest southwards to the St Lawrence at Kingston. By based his operational headquarters at the Ottawa River end of the new works and in a forest clearing he established a small settlement. Because of the regard in which By was held, this settlement became known as By town. In 1855, long after By's death, the settlement was designated by Queen Victoria as capital of United Canada (which was to become a self-governing Dominion in 1867) and renamed Ottawa; as a result of the presence of the national government, the growth of the town accelerated greatly.

Between 1826–7 and 1832 the Rideau Canal was constructed. It included the massive engineering works of Jones Falls Dam (62 ft 6 in. (19 m) high) and 47 locks. By exercised an almost paternal care over those employed under his direction. The canal was completed in June 1832 at a cost of £800,000. By was summoned back to London to face virulent and unjust criticism from the Treasury. He was honoured in Canada but vilified by the British Government.

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