a+fierce

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

crūdēlis, e, adj. [cf. Gr. kruos; Lat. crudus, cruor, caro], morally rude or unfeeling, with exclusive reference to conduct towards persons or things, hard, unmerciful, hard-hearted, cruel, severe, fierce (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Of living subjects.

With in and abl.: crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris, Lucr. 3, 72; cf.:

crudelis in calamitate hominis consularis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 198:

cui nimis videtur senatus in conservandā patriā fuisse crudelis,

id. Pis. 8, 17.—

With in and acc.:

cum in eos, quos numquam viderat, tam crudelis fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22:

in liberos atque in sanguinem suum,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34:

in quos Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset,

id. Att. 9, 14, 2:

in patriam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Liv. 2, 56, 7.—

Absol.:

crudelem Castorem, ne dicam sceleratum et impium!

Cic. Deiot. 1, 2:

crudelis atque importuna mulier,

id. Clu. 63, 177:

malus atque crudelis,

Sall. C. 16, 3:

o crudelis adhuc, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 1:

Neptunus tanto amori,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 45 et saep.— Comp.:

ecquid acerbius? ecquid crudelius?

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2:

magis timeo ne in eum exsistam crudelior,

id. ib. 10, 11, 3:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos Te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61.— Sup.:

parricidae,

Sall. C. 52, 31.—

Of inanimate subjects:

crudele et exitiosum bellum,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 7:

o rem cum auditu crudelem tum visu nefariam,

id. Planc. 41, 99:

poena in cives crudelis,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

in tam crudelem necessitatem incidere,

id. Tusc. 3, 25, 60:

facinora (with foeda),

Sall. C. 11, 4:

crudele intolerandumque imperium (opp. justissimum atque optimum),

id. ib. 10, 6:

sententia,

id. ib. 51, 17:

consilia,

Cat. 64, 175; cf. id. 64, 136:

pestes,

id. 69, 9; cf. id. 64, 76:

venenum vitae nostrae,

id. 77, 5:

ferrum,

Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43:

verber,

Ov. F. 2, 695:

poena,

id. M. 2, 612; Verg. A. 6, 585:

egestas,

Val. Fl. 4, 459 et saep.:

quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores,

Ov. M. 1, 617.— Comp.:

ignis,

Cat. 62, 20:

janua,

Prop. 1, 16, 17:

mens,

Ov. M. 11, 701:

quid crudelius, quam? etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 85. — Sup.:

nomen tyranni,

Nep. Dion, 1, 4:

manus,

Petr. 105:

caedes,

Suet. Calig. 30.— Hence, advv.

crūdēlĕ (prop. neutr. sing. of adj.), cruelly, etc., Stat. Th. 3, 211; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 340; id. in Eutr. 2, 108. —

crūdēlĭter, cruelly, in a cruel manner (very freq.), Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Off. 1, 24, 82; Caes. B. G. 7, 38; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 9; Suet. Tib. 61 al.— Comp., Liv. 31, 29, 11; Cat. 62, 24; Ov. M. 3, 442.— Sup., Cic. Sull. 27, 75; id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 2 fin.; Nep. Eum. 6, 3 et saep.

crūdēlis, e, adj. [cf. Gr. kruos; Lat. crudus, cruor, caro], morally rude or unfeeling, with exclusive reference to conduct towards persons or things, hard, unmerciful, hard-hearted, cruel, severe, fierce (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Of living subjects.

With in and abl.: crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris, Lucr. 3, 72; cf.:

crudelis in calamitate hominis consularis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 198:

cui nimis videtur senatus in conservandā patriā fuisse crudelis,

id. Pis. 8, 17.—

With in and acc.:

cum in eos, quos numquam viderat, tam crudelis fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22:

in liberos atque in sanguinem suum,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34:

in quos Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset,

id. Att. 9, 14, 2:

in patriam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Liv. 2, 56, 7.—

Absol.:

crudelem Castorem, ne dicam sceleratum et impium!

Cic. Deiot. 1, 2:

crudelis atque importuna mulier,

id. Clu. 63, 177:

malus atque crudelis,

Sall. C. 16, 3:

o crudelis adhuc, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 1:

Neptunus tanto amori,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 45 et saep.— Comp.:

ecquid acerbius? ecquid crudelius?

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2:

magis timeo ne in eum exsistam crudelior,

id. ib. 10, 11, 3:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos Te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61.— Sup.:

parricidae,

Sall. C. 52, 31.—

Of inanimate subjects:

crudele et exitiosum bellum,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 7:

o rem cum auditu crudelem tum visu nefariam,

id. Planc. 41, 99:

poena in cives crudelis,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

in tam crudelem necessitatem incidere,

id. Tusc. 3, 25, 60:

facinora (with foeda),

Sall. C. 11, 4:

crudele intolerandumque imperium (opp. justissimum atque optimum),

id. ib. 10, 6:

sententia,

id. ib. 51, 17:

consilia,

Cat. 64, 175; cf. id. 64, 136:

pestes,

id. 69, 9; cf. id. 64, 76:

venenum vitae nostrae,

id. 77, 5:

ferrum,

Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43:

verber,

Ov. F. 2, 695:

poena,

id. M. 2, 612; Verg. A. 6, 585:

egestas,

Val. Fl. 4, 459 et saep.:

quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores,

Ov. M. 1, 617.— Comp.:

ignis,

Cat. 62, 20:

janua,

Prop. 1, 16, 17:

mens,

Ov. M. 11, 701:

quid crudelius, quam? etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 85. — Sup.:

nomen tyranni,

Nep. Dion, 1, 4:

manus,

Petr. 105:

caedes,

Suet. Calig. 30.— Hence, advv.

crūdēlĕ (prop. neutr. sing. of adj.), cruelly, etc., Stat. Th. 3, 211; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 340; id. in Eutr. 2, 108. —

crūdēlĭter, cruelly, in a cruel manner (very freq.), Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Off. 1, 24, 82; Caes. B. G. 7, 38; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 9; Suet. Tib. 61 al.— Comp., Liv. 31, 29, 11; Cat. 62, 24; Ov. M. 3, 442.— Sup., Cic. Sull. 27, 75; id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 2 fin.; Nep. Eum. 6, 3 et saep.

bellĭcus ( duellĭcus), a, um, adj. [bellum], of or pertaining to war, war-, military.

In gen.

Lit.:

ars duellica,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6; Suet. Calig. 43:

disciplina,

Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

jus,

id. Off. 3, 29, 107:

virtus,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

laus,

military glory, id. Brut. 21, 84; Caes. B. G. 6, 24:

laudes,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78:

gloria,

Tac. A. 1, 52:

caerimoniae,

Liv. 1, 32, 5:

certamina,

Flor. 4, 12, 58:

ignis,

proceeding from the enemy, Liv. 30, 5, 8:

tubicen,

Ov. M. 3, 705:

rostra,

Tib. 2, 3, 40:

navis,

Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43:

turba,

id. 3 (4), 14, 13:

parma,

id. 2 (3), 25, 8: nomina, appellatives obtained by valorous deeds in war (as Africanus, Asiaticus, Macedonicus, etc.), Flor. 3, 8, 1:

nubes,

the misfortune of war, Claud. Laus. Seren. 196: columella. Fest. p. 27; cf. Bellona.— Hence, subst.: bellĭcum, i, n., a signal for march or for the beginning of an attack (given by the trumpet); always in the connection bellicum canere, to give the signal for breaking up camp, for an attack, for commencing hostilities: Philippum, ubi primum bellicum cani audisset, arma capturum, at the first signal will be ready to take arms, etc., Liv 35, 18, 6:

simul atque aliqui motus novus bellicum canere coepit,

causes the war-trumpet to sound, Cic. Mur. 14, 30; Just. 12, 15, 11; App de Mundo, p. 71, 37.—

Trop.: idem bellicum me cecinisse dicunt. aroused, incited, Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 3.—And of fiery, inflammatory discourse:

alter (Thucydides) incitatior fertur et de bellicis rebus canit etiam quodammodo bellicum,

sounds the alarm, Cic. Or 12, 39:

non eosdem modos adhibent, cum bellicum est canendum, et cum posito genu supplicandum est,

Quint. 9, 4, 11; 10, 1, 33. —

Transf., poet., = bellicosus, warlike, fierce in war:

Pallas,

Ov. M. 5, 46:

dea,

id. ib. 2, 752; id. F. 3, 814:

virgo,

id. M. 4, 754:

Mars,

id. F. 3, 1:

deus,

i.e. Romulus, id. ib. 2, 478:

civitas,

devoted to war, Vell. 2, 38, 3.—Of animals: equorum duellica proles, * Lucr. 2, 661.

fĕrox, ōcis ( gen. plur. ferocum, Albin. 1, 275; abl. sing. feroci, Neue, Formenl. 2, 67 sq.), adj. [root in Gr. thêr, Aeol. phêr, thêrion; cf.: ferus, fera; cf. also Zend. dvar, to run, Gr. thrôskô, thorein, Lat. furere], wild, bold, courageous, warlike, spirited, brave, gallant, savage, headstrong, untamable, fierce, insolent (class.; syn.: dirus, ferus, durus, saevus, crudelis; immanis, immitis, barbarus, etc.).

In a good sense:

moechus qui formest ferox,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 13:

naturā ferox, vehemens, manu promptus erat,

Sall. C. 43 fin.; cf.:

nimium es vehemens feroxque naturā,

Cic. Vat. 2, 4:

ferox naturā,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

vicimus vi feroces,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 82: Aequorum magna gens et ferox, warlike, Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

Latium,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 10:

Roma,

id. ib. 3, 3, 44:

Parthi,

id. ib. 3, 2, 3:

Sygambri,

id. ib. 4, 2, 34:

miles,

id. ib. 1, 6, 3:

Hector,

id. ib. 4, 9, 21: virgo (i. e. Minerva), Mart. 14, 179; cf. Sil. 9, 457:

loca amoena, voluptaria facile in otio feroces militum animos molliverat,

Sall. C. 11, 5; cf. id. J. 106, 3:

ferox bello,

Hor. C. 1, 32, 6; cf.:

feroces ad bellandum,

Liv. 38, 13, 11:

adversus pericula ferox,

Tac. H. 3, 69 fin.:

Triaria ultra feminam ferox,

id. ib. 2, 63:

vir nobilis ac ferox,

id. A. 4, 21.—With gen.:

animi,

Tac. A. 1, 32. — Sup.:

globus ferocissimorum juvenum,

Liv. 1, 12, 9:

auxiliarii,

Tac. H. 2, 24:

nullo adversante, cum ferocissimi cecidissent,

id. A. 1, 2.

In a bad sense:

equi indomiti, feroces,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 110:

leones,

Lucr. 4, 717:

aper,

Verg. A. 10, 711:

indulgentia ferocem fortasse atque arrogantem et infestum facit,

Cic. Att. 10, 11, 3:

dote fretae, feroces,

i. e. arrogant, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 17; cf.:

ferox formā,

id. Mil. 4, 9, 13; Titin. ap. Non. 305, 6:

Numidae secundis rebus feroces,

Sall. J. 94, 4; cf.:

ferox viribus,

Liv. 1, 7, 5; 7, 5, 6:

robore corporis stolide ferox,

Tac. A. 1, 3:

nequicquam Veneris praesidio ferox,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 13:

sit Medea ferox invictaque,

id. A. P. 123:

animus ferox inopiā rei familiaris,

Sall. C. 5, 7; cf.:

quibus aetas animusque ferox erat,

id. ib. 38, 1:

oculi,

Luc. 5, 211:

patribus ferox,

haughty toward the senators, Liv. 7, 40, 8.— Comp.:

in bellis civilibus, victoria, etiamsi ad meliores venit, tamen eos ipsos ferociores impotentioresque reddit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 305, 10:

et quia tecum eram, propterea animo eram ferocior,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 13; id. Rud. 3, 1, 14; Quint. 2, 2, 3. — Sup.:

duas ferocissimas affectiones amoris atque odii coërcere,

Gell. 1, 3 fin.:

bestiae,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 9.—

With gen.:

linguae feroces,

Tac. H. 1, 35:

ferox scelerum,

eager for, prone to crimes, id. A. 4, 12:

deorum Spretor erat mentisque ferox Ixione natus,

Ov. M. 8, 614:

scelerum,

Tac. A. 4, 12.—

With in and acc.:

ferox in suos erat miles, ignavus in hostes,

Amm. 22, 4, 7.—

With inf.:

ferox est, viginti minas meas tractare sese,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 62:

odium renovare ferox,

Sil. 11, 8.—Hence, adv.: fĕrōcĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Courageously, valorously, bravely:

strenue et ferociter facta in bello plura memorari possunt,

Liv. 3, 47, 2:

adequitare,

id. 9, 22, 4:

mandata edere,

Tac. A. 15, 5.— Comp.:

pauci ferocius decernunt,

Sall. J. 104, 2.— Sup.:

cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat,

Liv. 23, 8, 3.—

(Acc. to II.) Fiercely, savagely, insolently:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

increpare,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 58:

dictae sententiae,

Liv. 2, 55, 11.— Comp.:

paulo ferocius (exagitatus),

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2.— Sup.:

obloqui,

Curt. 10, 2 fin.

fĕrus, a, um, adj. [cf. Gr. thêr, Aeol. phêr; Lat. ferox, etc.; v. ferio], wild, untamed.

Lit., of animals and plants.

Adj. (syn. immanis, opp. cicur):

quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum!

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99; cf.:

si hoc apparet in bestiis, volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris,

id. Lael. 21, 81:

apes (opp. cicures),

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 19:

immanes et ferae beluae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

fera et immanis belua,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108; Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Curt. 5, 4, 19; Suet. Aug. 67:

leones,

Hor. Epod. 7, 12:

equus,

id. S. 1, 5, 57:

caprae,

Verg. A. 4, 152:

palumbus,

Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 60 et saep.:

arbores,

Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 127:

oliva,

Stat. Th. 6, 7:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

odor (with solitudinem redolens),

disagreeable, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 76.—

Subst.

fĕrus, i, m., a wild animal, wild beast ( poet.); a lion, Phaedr. 1, 21, 8; a boar, id. 4, 4, 3; a horse, Verg. A. 2, 51; 5, 818; a stag, id. ib. 7, 489; a serpent, Sil. 6, 268.—

fĕra, ae (sc. bestia), f., a wild animal, wild beast (class.):

immani et vastae insidens beluae, quocumque vult, inflectit illam feram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

neque ulla re longius absumus a natura ferarum,

id. Off. 1, 16, 50:

ipsae ferae nullo insequente saepe incidunt (in plagas),

id. ib. 3, 17, 68:

multa in ea (silva Hercynia) genera ferarum nasci constat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25 fin.:

neque homini neque ferae parcunt,

id. ib. 6, 28, 2:

formidolosae dum latent silvis ferae,

Hor. Epod. 5, 55:

more ferarum,

id. S. 1, 3, 109:

Romulea fera,

the she-wolf that suckled Romulus, Juv. 11, 104; a sea-monster, Ov. M. 4, 713; 719; a serpent, Hyg. Astr. 2, 42; the ant, Mart. 6, 15, 2; the constellations of the Great and Little Bear:

magna minorque ferae,

id. Tr. 4, 3, 1; Vulg. Gen. 37, 20.— Prov.: ferae inter se placidae sunt, morsuque similium abstinent, Sen. de lra, 2, 8, 3.—

Transf., of places (syn. incultus):

in locis feris arbores plura ferunt, in his, quae sunt culta, meliora,

wild, uncultivated, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 7; cf.: ferus, ager incultus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 86 Müll.:

montes,

Verg. E. 5, 28:

silvae,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 92.—

Trop., wild, rude, uncultivated; savage, barbarous, fierce, cruel (syn.: immanis, agrestis, inhumanus;

opp. mansuetus, humanus): ipsis in hominibus nulla gens est neque tam mansueta neque tam fera, quae non, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.:

nulla gens tam fera, nemo omnium tam immanis, cujus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 51:

ferus atque agrestis,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 74:

inhumani ac feri testes,

id. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf. Ter. And. 1, 5, 43:

ferus et ferreus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 3:

quam ferus et vere ferreus ille fuit!

Tib. 1, 10, 2;

v. ferreus: nemo adeo ferus est, ut non mitescere possit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39:

Britanni hospitibus feri,

id. C. 3, 4, 33:

Numantia,

id. ib. 2, 12, 1:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 5, 27:

animi hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feri,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 342, 33 (Rep. 2, 23 ed. Mos.):

ingenium immansuetum ferumque,

Ov. M. 15, 85; cf.:

(ostendere ejus) mores feros immanemque naturam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

homines a fera agrestique vita ad hunc humanum cultum civilemque deducere,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:

victus,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

moenera militiaï,

Lucr. 1, 29:

munera belli,

id. 1, 32:

hiems,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 42; cf.:

diluvies,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 40:

sacra (of death by sacrifice),

Ov. M. 13, 454:

dolores lenire requie,

id. ib. 13, 317.—With supine: ferum visu dictuque (= deinon idein kai legein), Sil. 1, 175.—No comp. or sup.

fortis (archaic form FORCTIS, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. sanates, p. 348 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 84; and perh. also in the form FORCTUS; v. id. s. v. horctum, p. 102; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 320, b), e, adj. [Sanscr. dhar-; v. forma, firmus], strong, powerful.

Physically (rare;

syn.: firmus, strenuus, incolumis, animosus): ecquid fortis visa est (mulier),

powerful, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 13:

set Bacchis etiam fortis tibi vissast?

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 38: sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, nunc senio confectus quiescit, a powerful horse, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 441 ed. Vahl.); so,

equus,

Lucr. 3, 8; 764; 4, 987; Verg. A. 11, 705.— Poet. transf.:

aquarum,

Lucr. 6, 530:

terrae pingue solum... Fortes invortant tauri,

Verg. G. 1, 65:

contingat modo te filiamque tuam fortes invenire,

i. e. hearty, well, Plin. Ep. 4, 1 fin.; 4, 21, 4; 6, 4, 3:

antecedebat testudo pedum LX., facta item ex fortissimis lignis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 4; so,

ligna fortissima,

Veg. 1, 24 fin.:

invalidissimum urso caput, quod leoni fortissimum,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130:

fortiores stomachi,

id. 32, 7, 26, § 80:

plantae fortiores fient,

Pall. Febr. 24, 7:

fortiorem illum (pontem) tueri, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 2: castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

aratra,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 10:

fortiora remedia,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

humeri,

Val. Fl. 1, 434:

vincula,

Sen. Hippol. 34: sol (with medius), powerful, i. e. fierce, hot, id. Med. 588:

fortiora ad hiemes frumenta, legumina in cibo,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60:

(vites) contra pruinas fortissimae,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 23.—

Mentally, strong, powerful, vigorous, firm, steadfast, stout, courageous, brave, manly, etc., answering to the Gr. andreios (very freq. in all periods and sorts of composition).

Of human beings: fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur;

sed praesenti animo uti et consilio, nec a ratione discedere,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

temperantia libidinem (aspernatur), ignaviam fortitudo: itaque videas rebus injustis justos maxime dolere, imbellibus fortes,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

gladiatores fortes et animosos et se acriter ipsos morti offerentes servare cupimus,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 22:

viri fortes et magnanimi,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63:

vir fortis et acris animi magnique,

id. Sest. 20, 45:

boni et fortes et magno animo praediti,

id. Rep. 1, 5; 1, 3:

sapientissimi et fortissimi,

id. ib. 2, 34:

vir liber ac fortis,

id. ib. 2, 19:

horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3:

fortissimus vir,

id. ib. 2, 25, 1; 2, 33, 4;

3, 20, 2: hunc liberta securi Divisit medium, fortissima Tyndaridarum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 100:

vis recte vivere? quis non? Si virtus hoc una potest dare, fortis omissis Hoc age deliciis,

id. Ep 1, 6, 30:

seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula,

id. S. 2, 6, 69: cavit, ne umquam infamiae ea res sibi esset, ut virum fortem decet, an honorable or worthy man, Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; cf.: FORCTIS frugi et bonus, sive validus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.; and:

HORCTUM et FORCTUM pro bono dicebant,

id. p. 102:

ego hoc nequeo mirari satis, Eum sororem despondisse suam in tam fortem familiam... Familiam optimam occupavit,

so respectable, honorable a family, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 9;

(cf. bonus): vir ad pericula fortis,

Cic. Font. 15, 33:

nondum erant tam fortes ad sanguinem civilem,

Liv. 7, 40, 2:

vir contra audaciam fortissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85: vidi in dolore podagrae hospitem meum fortiorem, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 527, 33:

imperator in proeliis strenuus et fortis,

Quint. 12, 3, 5:

virum fortem ac strenuum scio dixisse, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 16:

si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere,

if you had proceeded with vigor, energy, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3.— Poet., with dat.:

fugacibus,

Ov. M. 10, 543; and with inf.:

fortis et asperas Tractare serpentes,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 26:

contemnere honores,

id. S. 2, 7, 86:

aurum spernere fortior Quam cogere,

id. C. 3, 3, 50; Stat. Th. 10, 906.—Prov.:

fortes fortuna adjuvat,

fortune favors the brave, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; cf.:

fortes enim non modo fortuna adjuvat, ut est in vetere proverbio, sed multo magis ratio,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: audendum est;

fortes adjuvat ipsa Venus,

Tib. 1, 2, 16: fortibus est fortuna viris data, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 262 ed. Vahl.;

for which: audentes fortuna iuvat,

Verg. A. 10, 284; and:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586); cf. also elliptically: sedulo, inquam, faciam: sed fortuna fortes;

quare conare, quaeso,

Cic. Fin. 3, 4, 16; id. Fam. 7, 25.—

Of animals (rare):

fortes ad opera boves,

Col. 6, 1, 2:

bestiae et fortiora animalia,

Lact. 6, 10, 13.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

ex quo fit, ut animosior senectus sit quam adolescentia et fortior,

Cic. de Sen. 22, 72:

fortibus oculis,

with eyes sparkling with courage, id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

fortissimo et maximo animo ferre,

id. Fam. 6, 13 fin.:

animus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 20:

pectus,

id. Epod. 1, 14; id. S. 2, 2, 136:

fortissimo quodam animi impetu,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 31:

acerrima et fortissima populi Romani libertatis recuperandae cupiditas,

id. Phil. 12, 3, 7:

in re publica forte factum,

id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

ut nullum paulo fortius factum latere posset,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 8:

fortia facta,

Sall. C. 59, 6; id. J. 53, 8; Liv. 26, 39, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 38:

opera,

service, Liv. 40, 36, 11:

consilia,

id. 9, 11, 4; 25, 31, 6; Cic. Sest. 23, 57; Tac. H. 3, 67:

solatia,

id. A. 4, 8:

nulla poterat esse fortior contra dolorem et mortem disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41:

acerrimae ac fortissimae sententiae,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:

oratio fortis et virilis,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231; cf.:

genus dicendi forte, vehemens,

id. ib. 3, 9, 32:

non semper fortis oratio quaeritur, sed saepe placida, summissa, lenis,

id. ib. 2, 43, 183:

placidis miscentem fortia dictis,

Ov. M. 4, 652:

verba,

Prop. 1, 5, 14.—Hence, adv.: fortĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Strongly, powerfully, vigorously (rare):

astringere,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

verberare virgis uvas,

Pall. Oct. 19.— Comp.:

sublatis fortius manibus,

Petr. 9:

fortius attrahere lora,

Ov. R. Am. 398:

ardere,

id. M. 6, 708.— Sup.:

fortissime urgentes,

Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

rigorem fortissime servat ulmus,

id. 16, 40, 77, § 210. —

(Acc. to II.) Strongly, powerfully, boldly, intrepidly, valiantly, bravely, manfully (very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

quae (vincla, verbera, etc.) tulisse illum fortiter et patienter ferunt,

Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 7; cf.:

fortiter et sapienter ferre,

id. Att. 14, 13, 3:

fortiter excellenterque gesta,

id. Off. 1, 18, 61:

facere quippiam (with animose),

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6:

repudiare aliquid (with constanter),

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

bellum gerere,

id. Fl. 39, 98; cf.:

sustinere impetum hostium,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11, 4:

perire,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 42:

absumptis rebus maternis atque paternis,

manfully made away with, id. Ep. 1, 15, 27.— Comp.:

pugnare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:

evellere spinas animo an agro,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 4:

et melius secat res,

id. S. 1, 10, 15.— Sup.:

Dolabella injuriam facere fortissime perseverat,

Cic. Quint. 8, 31:

restitit hosti,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 5.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.