-
1 asper
asper era, erum (poet., abl plur. aspris, V.), adj. with comp. and sup. [ab + spes], without hope, adverse, calamitous, troublesome, cruel, perilous: tempora: oppugnatio, Cs.: mala res, spes multo asperior, S.: venatus, V.: fata, V. — As subst: aspera multa pertulit, hardships, H. — Of nature and character, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, cruel: homo naturā: Iuno, V.: iuvenis monitoribus, H.: asperrimi ad condicionem pacis, L.: rebus non asper egenis, V.: cladibus asper, exasperated, O.: doctrina asperior: fores, i. e. of a cruel mistress, H.: Asperior tribulis (Galatea). more unfeeling, O. — Wild, savage, fierce: (anguis) siti, V.: tactu leo, H.: facetiae.—Of climate, harsh, severe: caelo Germania, Ta.: hiemps, S.: asperrimo hiemis, in the depth, Ta. — Of style, harsh: oratio. — Rough, uneven: regio: loca, Cs.: rura dumis, V.: rubus, prickly, V.: aequora ventis, H.: pocula signis, i. e. wrought in relief, V.: frons cornu, O.: capilli (i. e. hirsuti), H.: maria, stormy, V.: vinum, harsh, T.: pronuntiationis genus, rough: littera, i. e. the letter r, O.* * *Iaspera -um, asperior -or -us, asperrimus -a -um ADJrude/unrefined; cruel/violent/savage/raging/drastic; stern/severe/bitter; hard; rough/uneven/shaggy, coarse, harsh; embossed/encrusted; (mint condition coins); sharp/pointed, jagged/irregular, rugged/severe; sour, pungent, grating, keenIIaspra -um, asprior -or -us, asprissimus -a -um ADJrough/uneven, coarse/harsh; sharp/pointed; rude; savage; pungent; keen; bitter -
2 Asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
3 asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
4 asper
rough, harsh, severe. -
5 Spiritus asper
-
6 asperum
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
7 asperitas
I.Lit.:B.saxorum asperitates,
Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:asperitas viarum,
id. Phil. 9, 1, 2:locorum,
Sall. J. 75, 2:angustiae locorumque asperitas,
Liv. 32, 12 fin.; 43, 21; 44, 5 al.:linguae,
Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172:ventris,
id. 11, 37, 79, § 201:squamarum,
Gell. 2, 6:faucium,
Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 32:animi asperitas seu potius animae,
hoarseness, id. 22, 24, 51, § 111:ob asperitatem hiemis,
roughness, severity, Tac. A. 4, 56:asperitas frigorum abest,
id. Agr. 12:densaque cedit Frigoris asperitas,
Ov. F. 4, 88 al.:asperitas luti,
dryness, barrenness of the clay, Vitr. 2, 3.—Of raised work (cf. 1. asper, I., and exaspero):vasa anaglypta in asperitatemque excisa,
with figures in basrelief, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139.—Transf.1.Of taste, harshness, sharpness, acidity, tartness:2. 3.vini,
Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:pomi,
id. 12, 10, 21, § 38:aceti,
id. 9, 35, 58, § 120:aquarum,
the brackish taste of water, id. 12, 9, 20, § 37 al. —Of sight, inequality, contrast:II.cum aspectus ejus scaenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus,
on account of the contrast of light and shade, Vitr. 7, 5:intercolumniorum,
id. 3, 3.—Trop.A.Of moral qualities, roughness, harshness, severity, fierceness, asperity:B.si quis eā asperitate est et immanitate naturae, congressus ut hominum fugiat atque oderit, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 23, 87:avunculi,
Nep. Att. 5, 1:patris,
Ov. M. 9, 752:artibus ingenuis Pectora mollescunt, asperitasque fugit,
id. P. 1, 6, 8:asperitatis et invidiae corrector,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 129.—Of a rigid, austere manner of life: quam illorum (Stoicorum) tristitiam atque asperitatem fugiens Panaetius nec acerbitatem sententiarum nec disserendi spinas probavit, Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf. 1. asper, II. A.—And of rudeness in external appearance, opp. to a polished, cultivated bearing:asperitas agrestis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 6.—Of things, adversity, reverse of fortune, trouble, severity, difficulty (cf. 1. asper, II. B., and acerbitas):in his vel asperitatibus rerum vel angustiis temporis obsequar studiis nostris,
Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3:asperitas belli,
Sall. J. 29, 1:remedii,
Tac. A. 1, 44.—Of style, roughness, harshness, trachutês (cf. 1. asper, II. B.):oratio in quā asperitas contentionis oratoris ipsius humanitate conditur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212. judicialis asperitas, id. ib. 2, 15, 64; so Quint. 1, 8, 11; 10, 5, 14 (cf. id. 11, 3, 23):verborum,
Ov. M. 14, 526. -
8 aspero
aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.I.A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):B.asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,
Col. 8, 3, 6:tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,
become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,
Pall. 7, 7, 2:(vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,
id. 3, 31, 2:Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,
throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):II.sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,
to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,
Tac. A. 15, 54:abruptaque saxa asperat,
Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,
Stat. Th. 1, 137:hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,
Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,
id. H. 3, 38:ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,
to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:iram victoris,
id. H. 2, 48. -
9 aspro
aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.I.A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):B.asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,
Col. 8, 3, 6:tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,
become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,
Pall. 7, 7, 2:(vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,
id. 3, 31, 2:Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,
throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):II.sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,
to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,
Tac. A. 15, 54:abruptaque saxa asperat,
Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,
Stat. Th. 1, 137:hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,
Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,
id. H. 3, 38:ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,
to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:iram victoris,
id. H. 2, 48. -
10 aspratilis
asprātĭlis, e, adj. [asper], rough (late Lat. for asper):piscis,
with rough scales, Plin. Val. 5; 8; 10 al.;Edict. Diocl. p. 15: terminus, of a rough, unpolished stone, Auct. Lim. p. 305 Goes.: petra,
id. ib. p. 228. -
11 levis
1.lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. elachus], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).I.Lit.:B.leviora corpora (opp. graviora),
Lucr. 2, 227:aether,
id. 5, 459:aura,
id. 3, 196:levior quam pluma,
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:stipulae,
Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor:levis armaturae Numidae,
the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.:sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio,
Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so,miles,
a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf.of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves,
Tac. G. 6:flebis in solo levis angiportu,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead:terraque securae sit super ossa levis,
Tib. 2, 4, 50;esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos,
the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14:virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam,
Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.— Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—Transf.1.Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):2.quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula,
lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18:leves malvae,
Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.:gravi Malvae salubres corpori,
id. Epod. 2, 57).—Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.:3.agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo),
a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.:leves venti,
Ov. M. 15, 346:flatus,
Sil. 15, 162:currus,
light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150:levi deducens pollice filum,
light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so,pollex,
id. ib. 6, 22:saltus,
id. ib. 7, 767;3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores,
Nep. Iphicr. 1:Messapus levis cursu,
Verg. A. 12, 489:leves Parthi,
id. G. 4, 314:equus,
Val. Fl. 1, 389:Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 31:quaere modos leviore plectro,
nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40:et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā,
Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ( poet.):omnes ire leves,
Sil. 16, 488:exsultare levis,
id. 10, 605:levior discurrere,
id. 4, 549:nullo levis terrore moveri,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514:hora,
fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181:terra,
light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92:et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora,
Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3;so (opp graviora),
id. ib. —Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488:II.tactus,
a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180:strepitus,
id. ib. 7, 840:stridor,
id. ib. 4, 413.Trop.A.Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.):(β).nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45:leve et infirmum,
id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt;ad motum animi... leviora,
id. Deiot. 2, 5:quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras,
id. Planc. 26, 63:auditio,
a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42:cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper,
something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:dolor,
id. Fin. 1, 12, 40:proelium,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36:periculum,
id. B. C. 3, 26:in aliquem merita,
id. ib. 2, 32, 10:leviore de causa,
id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.:praecordia levibus flagrantia causis,
Juv. 13, 182:effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus,
Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.:in levi habitum,
was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54:levia sed nimium queror,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 63:quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus,
no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240:quidquid levius putaris,
easier, id. 10, 344.—With gen. ( poet.):B.opum levior,
Sil. 2, 102.—In disposition or character.1.Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false:2.homo levior quam pluma,
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:ne me leviorem erga te putes,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 34:tu levior cortice,
Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:vitium levium hominum atque fallacium,
Cic. Lael. 25, 91:quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves,
id. ib. 17, 63:leves ac nummarii judices,
id. Clu. 28, 75:sit precor illa levis,
Tib. 1, 6, 56:levi brachio aliquid agere,
Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6:quid levius aut turpius,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.:auctor,
Liv. 5, 15:leves amicitiae,
Cic. Lael. 26, 100:spes,
vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:leviores mores,
Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare):1.quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and:levior reprehensio,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est,
the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.:nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28:exsilium,
mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.Lit. (rare):2.armati,
light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon:levius casura pila sperabat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—Trop.a.Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat:b.leviter densae nubes,
Lucr. 6, 248:inflexum bacillum,
Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30:genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter),
id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 24, 83:saucius,
id. Inv. 2, 51, 154:non leviter lucra liguriens,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:agnoscere aliquid,
id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:eruditus,
id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.— Comp.:quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser,
so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:dolere,
Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.— Sup.:ut levissime dicam,
to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin. —Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity:2.id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:sed levissime feram, si, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.— Comp.:levius torquetis Arachne,
more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. leios, leuros], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi,
id. Part. Or. 10, 36:Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem,
id. Univ. 6:pocula,
smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91:pharetrae,
id. ib. 5, 558:brassica,
Cato, R. R. 15, 7:levissima corpora,
Lucr. 4, 659:coma pectine levis,
Ov. M. 12, 409:nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae,
Hor. C. 2, 20, 11:levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis,
Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.— Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, [p. 1055] Verg. A. 5, 328:levis Juventas ( = imberbis),
smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so,ora,
Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31:crura,
Juv. 8, 115:sponsus,
id. 3, 111:caput,
id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful:pectus,
Verg. A. 11, 40:frons,
id. E. 6, 51:umeri,
id. A. 7, 815:colla,
Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate:vir,
Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.:externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,
smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so,per leve,
Pers. 1, 64:per levia,
Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—II.Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.):oratio (opp. aspera),
Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so,levis verborum concursus (opp. asper),
id. de Or. 3, 43, 171:levis et aspera (vox),
Quint. 11, 3, 15:levis et quadrata compositio,
id. 2, 5, 9:levia ac nitida,
id. 5, 12, 18:(aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur,
id. 9, 4, 116.— Adv. does not occur. -
12 sapor
săpor, ōris, m. [sapio, I.].I.Lit., a taste, relish, flavor, savor (objectively of the taste inherent in a thing; whereas gustatus is used subjectively, of the taste experienced by him who eats or drinks;B.class.),
Lucr. 2, 679; cf.: si quem forte inveneritis, qui aspernetur oculis pulchritudinem rerum, non odore ullo, non tactu, non sapore capiatur, excludat auribus omnem suavitatem, Cic. Cael. 17, 42:ut mel, suo proprio genere saporis, dulce esse sentitur,
id. Fin. 3, 10, 34:in os salsi venit umor saepe saporis,
Lucr. 4, 222; 2, 401:asper in ore sapor (amelli),
Verg. G. 4, 277:tardus,
id. ib. 2, 126:asper maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222:vini,
id. 24, 9, 38, § 60:asperrimus,
id. 14, 2, 4, § 22:dulcis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 19:odoratus et jucundus,
Plin. 26, 8, 50, § 83:austerus,
id. 25, 5, 20, § 45:tristi poma sapore,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 430; 2, 504; Hor. S. 2, 4, 36; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 174; 8, 51, 77, § 209; 15, 27, 32, § 106 al.—Transf. ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose).1.Subjectively for gustatus, a sense of taste, a taste which a person has of any thing:2.an poterunt oculos aures reprehendere? an aures Tactus? an hunc porro tactum sapor arguet oris?... Seorsus sapor oris habet vim,
Lucr. 4, 487 sq.:aliis aliud taetrius esset orisque sapori,
id. 2, 511.—Concr. (mostly in the plur.), that which tastes good, a dainty, delicacy, Tib. 1, 7, 35; Verg. G. 4, 62; Plin. 9, 17, 29, § 63; 12, 1, 2, § 4.—In sing.:3. II.et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem,
i.e. juice, Verg. G. 4, 267.—Trop.1.Of style:2.vernaculus,
i.e. taste, elegance, Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Arn. 3, p. 108:Atticus,
Quint. 12, 10, 75; cf. id. 6, 4, 107:sermo non publici saporis,
of uncommon elegance, Petr. 3, 1.—Of conduct:homo sine sapore,
without refinement, Cic. post Red. in Sen. 6, 14. -
13 asperē
asperē adv. with comp. and sup. [asper], harshly, severely, sternly: in homines invehi: asperius scribere: ius dicere, L.: asperrime loqui, harshly. —Coarsely: vestitus.* * *asperius, asperrime ADVroughly, harshly, severely, vehemently; with rough materials; coarsely -
14 asperitās
asperitās ātis, f [asper], unevenness, roughness: viarum: locorum, S.: omnis asperitates supervadere, the obstacles, S.: soni, harshness, Ta.: frigorum, severity, Ta.—Fig., roughness, harshness, severity, fierceness, coarseness: naturae: avunculi, N.: verborum, O.: asperitatis corrector, H. — Coarseness, roughness, austerity: (Stoicorum): agrestis, H. — Adversity, difficulty: asperitates rerum: belli, S.—Harshness, rudeness: contentionis: verborum, O.* * *roughness; severity; difficulty; harshness; shrillness, sharpness; fierceness -
15 asperō
asperō āvī, ātus, āre [asper], to make rough: aquilonibus undas, V.: sagittas ossibus, point, Ta.: pugionem saxo, to whet, Ta.—Fig., to excite, exasperate: hunc in saevitiam, Ta.: iram, Ta.* * *asperare, asperavi, asperatus V TRANSroughen; sharpen, point, tip; enrage, make fierce/violent; grate on; aggravate -
16 asprēta
asprēta ōrum, n [asper], rough places, L. -
17 concursus
concursus ūs, m [concurro], a running together, concourse, throng, mob, tumult: hominum: concursūs facere: magni domum ad Afranium fiebant, Cs.: in forum a totā urbe, L.: ingens, V.: undique, H.: in oppido.—An assault, onset, attack, charge: exercitūs, Cs.: acerrimo concursu pugnare, N.: Ut nostris concursibus insonet aether, O.: concursūs philosophorum sustinere, assaults: caeli, thunder, O.—Fig., a dashing together, encountering, meeting, concourse, collision: nubila Excutiunt concursibus ignes, O.: fortuitus (atomorum): ut utraque (navis) ex concursu laborarent, Cs.: navium, L.: asper verborum, a harsh combination. — A combination, union, coincidence: studiorum: calamitatum.* * *running to and fro/together, collision, charge/attack; assembly/crowd; tumult; encounter; combination, coincidence; conjunction, juxtaposition; joint right -
18 hāc-tenus
hāc-tenus (hac... tenus, V., O.), adv., as far as this, to this place, so far, thus far: Hactenus crater erat asper acantho, O.: hactenus in occidentem Germaniam novimus, Ta.: Hac Troiana tenus fuerit Fortuna secuta, V.: quia hactenus iussum, because he was not ordered to go farther, Ta.—Of discourse, thus far, to this point, no farther: hactenus mihi videor potuisse dicere, etc.: de hoc quidem hactenus: in hunc diem hactenus, thus far for to-day: sed haec hactenus, so much for this: Hactenus haec, H.: sed hactenus, praesertim, etc.: de litteris hactenus: Hac Arethusa tenus, O.—Fig., in time, up to this time, thus far, so long, till now, hitherto, no longer: hactenus quietae stationes fuere, postquam, etc., L.: Hac celebrata tenus certamina, V.—To this extent, so much, so far, as far: hactenus existimo... quoad certior fieres, etc.: haec artem hactenus requirunt, ut ornentur, etc.: curandus autem hactenus, ne quid ad senatum, etc.: hactenus consultans, veneno an ferro, etc., Ta. -
19 monitor
monitor ōris, m [1 MAN-], one who reminds, a monitor, suggester: nil opus fuit monitore, T.: te monitore pervenire, at your instance: offici, S.: monitoris egere, H.— An assistant who prepares a brief for a pleader, attorney, C.— A nomenclator, secretary: per monitorem appellandi sunt.— An overseer, instructor, guide, teacher: iuvenis monitoribus asper, H.* * *counselor, preceptor; prompter -
20 quaesītus
quaesītus adj. with comp. and sup. [P. of quaero], sought out, select, special: leges quaesitiores, Ta.: quaesitior adulatio, Ta.: quaesitissimi honores, Ta.—As subst n., an acquisition, earnings, store: mus Asper et attentus quaesitis, H.: genus Quaesitique tenax, et qui quaesita reservent, O.— Sought out, inquired ; as subst n., a question, inquiry: Accipe quaesiti causam, O.— Artificial, far-fetched, studied, affected, assumed: vitabit etiam quaesita nec ex tempore ficta: ut numerus non quaesitus, sed ipse secutus esse videatur.* * *quaesita -um, quaesitior -or -us, quaesitissimus -a -um ADJspecial, sought out, looked for; select; artificial, studied, affected
См. также в других словарях:
Asper — (lat. rau, holperig, uneben) bezeichnet: Asper (Münze), osmanische (kleinste) Währungsstufe vor der Währungsreform 1934 (1 Türkisches Pfund = 100 Piaster, 1 Piaster = 40 Para, 1 Para = 3 Asper) asper, Maßeinheit der psychakustischen Rauhigkeit… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Asper — may refer to:*Aemilius Asper, Latin grammarian *Asper Biotech Ltd., Estonian biotechnology company *David Asper, Vice president of CanWest Global Communications Corp. *Gail Asper, President of the CanWest Global Foundation and managing director… … Wikipedia
Asper — As per ([a^]s p[ e]r), a. [OE. aspre, OF. aspre, F. [^a]pre, fr. L. asper rough.] Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce. [Archaic] An asper sound. Bacon. [1913 Webster] || … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Asper — As per ([a^]s p[ e]r), n. [L. spiritus asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.) The rough breathing; a mark ([asper]) placed over an initial vowel sound or over [rho] to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with h before it; thus ws,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
asper — asper·mia; asper; asper·mic; … English syllables
Asper [1] — Asper (Rauhbarsch, Aspro Cuv.), Gattung aus der Fischfamilie Barsche, Körper langgestreckt, die 2 Rückenflossen getrennt, Kopf platt, Schnauze über das Maul vorgestreckt, am Vorderkiemendeckel keine, am Kiemendeckel einige stumpfe Zähne. Arten:… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Asper [2] — Asper (lat.), rauh, hart; Spiritus asper, s. u. Spiritus … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
asper — [as′pər] n. [< Fr aspre < MGr aspron < L asper (nummus), rough (coin): see ASPERITY] a former silver coin of Turkey and Egypt, later a money of account equal to 1/ 120 of a piaster … English World dictionary
Asper — As per, n. [F. aspre or It. aspro, fr. MGr. a spron, a spros, white (prob. from the whiteness of new silver coins).] A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Asper [3] — Asper (Num.), 1) neu, deutlich, scharf geprägt; 2) (Asprum), int Mittelalter Weißpfennig, silberne Scheidemünze, 3–4 Groschen; j. 3) (Aktsche, ital. Acchia), kleinste türkische Silbermünze, nach der alle anderen berechnet werden, früher ungefähr… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Asper [4] — Asper, 1) Suivicius, römischer Centurio, Mitverschworener des Senats gegen Nero unter Piso; 73 n. Chr. hingerichtet. 2) A., römischer Grammatiker, dessen Schrift im 1. Bde. von Lindemanns Corpus Grammaticorum latinorum vet. steht. 3) Hans, geb.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon