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aspĕro

  • 1 asperō

        asperō āvī, ātus, āre    [asper], to make rough: aquilonibus undas, V.: sagittas ossibus, point, Ta.: pugionem saxo, to whet, Ta.—Fig., to excite, exasperate: hunc in saevitiam, Ta.: iram, Ta.
    * * *
    asperare, asperavi, asperatus V TRANS
    roughen; sharpen, point, tip; enrage, make fierce/violent; grate on; aggravate

    Latin-English dictionary > asperō

  • 2 aspero

    aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.
    I.
    A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):

    asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,

    Col. 8, 3, 6:

    tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,

    become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

    cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,

    Pall. 7, 7, 2:

    (vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,

    id. 3, 31, 2:

    Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,

    throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—
    B.
    Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):

    sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,

    to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:

    pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,

    Tac. A. 15, 54:

    abruptaque saxa asperat,

    Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—
    II.
    Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:

    indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,

    Stat. Th. 1, 137:

    hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,

    Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:

    ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,

    id. H. 3, 38:

    ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,

    to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:

    iram victoris,

    id. H. 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aspero

  • 3 ex-asperō

        ex-asperō āvī, ātus, āre,    to make rough, roughen: exasperato fluctibus mari, L.: fretum, O.—Fig., to irritate, provoke, exasperate: durati tot malis exasperatique, L.: animos, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > ex-asperō

  • 4 aspro

    aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.
    I.
    A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):

    asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,

    Col. 8, 3, 6:

    tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,

    become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

    cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,

    Pall. 7, 7, 2:

    (vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,

    id. 3, 31, 2:

    Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,

    throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—
    B.
    Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):

    sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,

    to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:

    pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,

    Tac. A. 15, 54:

    abruptaque saxa asperat,

    Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—
    II.
    Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:

    indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,

    Stat. Th. 1, 137:

    hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,

    Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:

    ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,

    id. H. 3, 38:

    ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,

    to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:

    iram victoris,

    id. H. 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aspro

  • 5 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

  • 6 asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

  • 7 asperum

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperum

  • 8 exaspero

    ex-aspĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make rough, to roughen (not ante-Aug.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    fauces,

    Cels. 1, 3; cf.:

    summam cutem,

    id. 3, 27:

    arterias,

    Plin. 22, 23, 48, § 100:

    corpus,

    id. 31, 6, 34, § 67:

    tussim,

    id. 23, 4, 51, § 97:

    faucium vitio exasperatur vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 20:

    undas,

    to roughen, stir up, Ov. Am. 2, 11, 27:

    mare fluctibus,

    Liv. 37, 12 fin. (cf. aspero).— Poet.:

    aegida innumeris signis,

    i. e. to adorn with raised sculptures, Claud. III. Cons. Honor. 193:

    ensem saxo,

    to sharpen, whet, Sil. 4, 19.—
    II.
    Trop., to irritate, provoke, exasperate:

    durati (Gallograeci) tot malis exasperatique,

    made savage, Liv. 38, 17, 17:

    exasperavit animos ferocia nimia Harpali,

    id. 42, 14; so,

    animos,

    id. 28, 25; 33, 39; Cels. 3, 5 fin.; cf.:

    animum hoc criminum genere,

    Liv. 40, 20 fin.:

    Ligures exasperati,

    id. 42, 26:

    majorem civitatis partem,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

    canes,

    i. e. to incite, set on, App. M. 4, p. 143; cf.

    apes,

    Col. 9, 15, 4 et saep.:

    rem verbis exasperavit,

    exasperated, made worse, Quint. 4, 2, 75.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exaspero

  • 9 asperatus

    aspĕrātus, a, um, Part., v. aspero.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperatus

  • 10 indo

    in-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a. [in-, 2. do], to put, set, or place into or upon (mostly anteclass. and post-Aug.).
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With in and acc.:

    coronam in focum,

    Cato, R. R. 143, 2:

    in urnam,

    id. ib. 143, 23:

    ignem in aram,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 1:

    in aquam salem,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 92:

    vini guttam in os,

    id. Cas. 2, 3, 31.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    effigiem in statua,

    Tac. A. 1, 74. —
    (γ).
    Aliquid alicui:

    compedes servis,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 4:

    aliquem lecticae,

    Tac. A. 3, 14:

    vinclo fasciae cervicem,

    id. ib. 15, 57.—
    (δ).
    With acc. only:

    fenestras,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 6. —
    * II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To introduce:

    novos ritus,

    Tac. H. 5, 4.—
    B.
    To impart or give to, apply to, impose on, attach to, etc.:

    pavorem suis, alacritatem hostibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 34 fin.:

    odium alicui,

    id. A. 12, 3:

    alicui vocabulum,

    id. ib. 2, 56:

    propterea huic urbi nomen Epidamnum inditum'st,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 37:

    vernaculis artificibus... nomen histrionibus inditum,

    Liv. 7, 2, 6:

    unde Aspero inditum est cognomen,

    id. 3, 65, 4; 2, 13, 1; 4, 29, 6;

    21, 31, 4: quae nomina sceleri indidit,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 24:

    hoc nomen beluis,

    Curt. 9, 1, 5. — Esp.,
    2.
    To name after or for: nomen indere, with ab or ex and abl.:

    ab Erythro rege (mari) nomen est inditum,

    Curt. 8, 9, 14:

    a celeritate Tigri nomen,

    id. 4, 9, 16:

    ab inopia Egerio,

    Liv. 1, 34, 3:

    quod illi nomen indiderant ex nomine urbis,

    Tac. A. 2, 56:

    quibus nomen ex re inditum,

    Sall. J. 78, 1. — indĭtus, a, um, P. a., put or placed into, put, set, laid, or thrown upon.
    A.
    Lit.:

    utrum deus extrinsecus (operi suo) circumfusus sit, an toti inditus,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 31 (Dial. 8, 4, 2):

    venenum potioni,

    Curt. 10, 10, 17:

    vincula,

    put on, Tac. A. 11, 2:

    pontes,

    thrown over, id. ib. 12, 57:

    lecticae,

    laid upon, id. ib. 3, 14:

    ferrum visceribus ustis,

    Sen. Troad. 585.—
    B.
    Trop., imposed, appointed, given:

    custodes,

    Tac. A. 3, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > indo

  • 11 mola

    mŏla, ae, f. [cf. mulê, mulos, mill, millstone; mulai, grinders, molar-teeth; cf. molaris], a millstone; and usu. plur. molae, a mill (driven by slaves, animals, or water):

    verbera, compedes, molae,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 9: molarum strepitum audire, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 4 (Com. 7 Vahl. p. 153):

    molae oleariae duro et aspero lapide,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 55:

    trusatiles,

    Gell. 3, 3, 14:

    pumiceae,

    Ov. F. 6, 318:

    aquariae,

    water-mills, Pall. 1, 42:

    digni molam versare Nepotis,

    Juv. 8, 67:

    versatiles,

    Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

    mola asinaria,

    i. e. millstone, too heavy for a man to drive, Vulg. Matt. 18, 6; id. Marc. 9, 41:

    molae olivariae,

    Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 36.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt (hence called mola salsa), which it was customary to strew on the victims at sacrifices: mola etiam vocatur far tostum, et sale sparsum, quod eo molito hostiae aspergantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 141 Müll.:

    sparge molam,

    Verg. E. 8, 82:

    molam et vinum inspergere,

    Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    aut molā salsā aut ture comprecari,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 109:

    molā salsā supplicare,

    Plin. 18, 2, 2, § 7: litare, id. praef. med.:

    consumpsi salsasque molas et turis acervos,

    Mart. 7, 5, 4.—
    B.
    A false conception, moon-calf, mole, Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 63; 10, 64, 84, § 184.—
    C.
    A jawbone, or the teeth:

    molas leonum confringet,

    Vulg. Psa. 57, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mola

  • 12 servio

    servĭo, īvi and ii, ītum, 4 ( imperf. servibas, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; fut. servibo, id. Men. 5, 9, 42; id. Merc. 3, 2, 3; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 45:

    servibit,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 76; id. Trin. 2, 2, 27), v. n. (once pass., v. I. B. infra) [servus], to be a servant or slave, to serve, be in service (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Absol.: Ha. Quid tu, servusne es, an liber? Ps. Nunc quidem etiam servio, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 16:

    nunc qui minus servio, quam si forem serva nata?

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 37:

    in liberatā terrā liberatores ejus servire,

    Liv. 34, 50:

    per centum annos,

    id. 39, 37, 5:

    an addictus, quem lex servire, donec solverit, jubet, servus sit,

    Quint. 7, 3, 26:

    qui Libertate caret, Serviet aeternum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 41:

    servire liberaliter,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

    serviet utiliter (captivus),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 70 et saep.:

    servire juste (opp. injuste imperare),

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; id. Phil. 6, 7, 19:

    vincti per centum annos servistis,

    Liv. 39, 37:

    servit vetus hostis Cantaber, serā domitus catenā,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 21.—
    (β).
    With dat. of the person to whom service is rendered, to be enslaved to, to serve:

    justum est, tuos tibi servos tuo arbitratu serviat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 71:

    lenoni,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 33:

    servitum tibi me abducito, ni fecero,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 105:

    venire in eum locum, ubi parendum alteri et serviendum sit,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 8, 22; cf.:

    sive regi sive optimatibus serviant,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 55:

    ut hoc populorum intersit, utrum comi domino an aspero serviant, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 33, 50:

    Athenas victas Lacedaemoniis servire pati,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:

    minata, Servitura suo Capitolia nostra Canopo,

    Ov. M. 15, 827.—
    (γ).
    With apud:

    tam ille apud nos servit, quam ego nunc hic apud te servio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 62:

    filius meus illi apud vos servit captus in Alide,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 80:

    hoc pacto apud te serviam,

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 12:

    apud lenonem,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 87:

    si quis apud nos servisset, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 182.—
    (δ).
    With homogeneous object:

    servitutem: qui in servitute est eo jure, quo servus, aut, ut antiqui dixerunt, qui servitutem servit,

    Quint. 7, 3, 26:

    tu usque a puero servitutem servivisti in Alide,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 12:

    quorum majorum nemo servitutem servivit,

    Cic. Top. 6, 29; id. Mur. 29, 61:

    qui (cives) servitutem servissent,

    Liv. 40, 18, 7; 45, 15, 5: neque erile negotium plus curat quam si non servitutem [p. 1683] serviat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 2; 3, 1, 150 (not servitute, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—So with dat. of person:

    me servitutem servire huic homini optumo,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 31; id. Aul. 4, 1, 6; id. Rud. 3, 4, 42; cf.:

    sed is privatam servitutem servit illi an publicam?

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 84 (v. infra, II.):

    ego haud diu: ab ineunte adulescentiā tuis servivi servitutem imperiis,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; and with apud:

    apud hunc servitutem servio,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—
    B.
    Pass. (perh. only in the foll. passage):

    adsuescamus... servis paucioribus serviri,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 3.—
    II.
    In gen., with dat. of object (a person or thing), to be devoted or subject to; to be of use or service to; to serve for, be fit or useful for; to do a service to, to comply with, gratify, humor, accommodate; to have respect to, to regard or care for; to consult, aim at, to accommodate one's self to, etc. (so esp. freq. in Cic.; cf.:

    pareo, appareo, ministro): tibi servio atque audiens sum imperii,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 25; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    quoniam sibi (rei publicae) servissem semper, numquam mihi... ut jam mihi servirem, consulerem meis,

    id. Planc. 38, 92; cf.:

    servire populo,

    id. ib. 4, 11; id. Fin. 5, 9, 27 et saep.:

    cum is, qui imperat aliis, servit ipse nulli cupiditati,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; cf.:

    cum homines cupiditatibus iis, quibus ceteri serviunt, imperabunt,

    id. Lael. 22, 82:

    aetati hujus,

    id. Fin. 5, 9, 27:

    mori alicujus,

    Nep. Them. 1, 3:

    semper aut belli aut pacis serviit artibus,

    Vell. 1, 13, 3:

    amori aliorum flagitiosissime,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

    auribus alicujus,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 27:

    bello,

    id. B. G. 7, 34:

    brevitati,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 327:

    commodis alicujus,

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 8; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 45, 132:

    rei publicae commodis,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64; cf.:

    compendio suo privato,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32:

    constantiae,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5:

    dignitati (with consulere rei publicae),

    id. Sest. 10, 23:

    dolori meo,

    id. ib. 6, 14:

    existimationi,

    id. Verr. 1, 10, 29; id. Att. 5, 11, 5:

    famae,

    id. ib. 5, 10, 2:

    gloriae,

    id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

    gravitati vocum aut suavitati,

    id. Or. 54, 182:

    vel honori multorum vel periculo (with obedire tempori),

    id. Brut. 69, 242:

    indulgentiae,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    iracundiae (with parere dolori),

    id. Prov. Cons. 1, 2:

    laudi et gloriae,

    id. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

    laudi existimationique,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

    numeris (orationis),

    id. Or. 52, 176:

    oculis civium,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 29:

    pecuniae,

    id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

    personae,

    id. Off. 3, 29, 106:

    petitioni,

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 24:

    posteritati,

    id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35:

    rei familiari,

    id. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; cf.

    rei,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 27:

    rumori,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 14; Caes. B. G. 4, 5 fin.:

    tempori,

    Cic. Sest. 6, 14; id. Tusc. 3, 27, 66; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; 10, 7, 1:

    utilitati salutique,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27:

    valetudini,

    id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

    vectigalibus,

    id. de Or. 2, 40, 171:

    venustati vel maxime,

    id. ib. 2, 78, 316;

    2, 80, 327: verbis praecedentibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 63.— Pass. impers.:

    ut communi utilitati serviatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

    concisum est ita, ut non brevitati servitum sit, sed magis venustati,

    id. de Or. 2, 80, 327.—
    (β).
    With homogeneous object (cf. supra, I. d):

    ab ineunte adulescentiā Tuis servivi servitutem imperiis et praeceptis, pater... Meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 21 sqq.—
    B.
    Transf., of things.
    1.
    In gen., to help, assist, be serviceable to, be useful for (post-Aug.):

    ut totus truncus alienigenis surculis serviat,

    Col. 4, 29, 14; cf.:

    tabularia debent servire gallinis,

    id. 6, 3, 2:

    chartis serviunt calami,

    Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 157:

    candelae luminibus et funeribus serviunt,

    id. 16, 37, 70, § 178:

    eademque materia et cibis et probris serviat,

    id. 33, 12, 54, § 152:

    laetor quod domus aliquando C. Cassi, serviet domino non minori,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 8.—
    2.
    Esp., jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., to be subject to a servitude:

    praedia, quae serviebant,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9; so,

    aedes,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 67:

    neque servire quandam earum aedium partem in mancipi lege dixisset,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    eodem numero (incorporalium) sunt et jura praediorum urbanorum et rusticorum, quae etiam servitutes vocantur,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 14 fin.; Paul. Sent. 1, 17; cf. Dig. 8, 2, 20, §§ 3 and 5; 8, 6, 8, § 1 al.; and v. servitus, II. B., and servus, II.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > servio

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