40f

κᾰνον-ικός, ή, όν, ([etym.] κανών)

A of or belonging to a rule,

ἀρχή A.D.Adv. 141.29

; regular, according to rule,

διαφοραί Gal.7.417

;

ἀναλογία Eust. 113.40

, etc. Adv

- κῶς Artem.1.1a

.

2 connected with assessment (cf.

κανών 11.6

), PMasp.131.13 (vi A. D.).

II ἡ -κή (sc. τέχνη) the mathematical theory of music (Pythag., cf. Ptolemaisap.Porph.in Harm.p.207), based on the division of the monochord (cf.

κανών 1.10

), Gell.16.18; κ. θεωρία, τέχνη, Ph.1.22, Procl.in Euc.p.40F.

2 belonging to an astronomical table, Vett.Val.141.14; κανονικοί, οἱ, constructors of such tables, Cleom.2.6.

3 κανονικόν, τό, the equivalent of Logic in Epicurean philosophy, D.L.10.30: pl., τὰ κ. S.E.M.7.22; title of work by Antiochus, ib. 201; ὁ κ. λόγος dub. in Phld.Ir. p.65W.

οἰνο-λογέω,

A speak of wine, Ath.2.40f.

φῐᾰλ-ίτης ἀριθμός [ῑτ], an arithmetical puzzle

A concerning a number of bowls, Procl. in Euc. p.40F., Sch.Pl.Chrm. 165e, Hero*Deff.135.5 (all pl.).

φῐλαυτ-ος, ον, ([etym.] αὑτοῦ)

A loving oneself, in good sense,

τὸν ἀγαθὸν δεῖ φ. εἶναι Arist.EN 1169a12

: more freq. in bad sense, selfish, Id.MM 1212a29, Phld.Ir.p.60 W., Ph.1.171, al., 2 Ep.Ti.3.2, Plu.Arat.1, al., Arr.Epict.1.19.11;

φ. μᾶλλον ἢ δεῖ Arist.Rh. 1389b35

; τὸ φ. = φιλαυτία, Id.EN 1168b14, Plu.2.40f, etc. Adv.

- τως Luc.Am.27

, S.E.M.7.314.

ἀντιπαρα-βολή, ἡ,

A reply by comparison or contrast, Arist.Rh. 1414b10, 1419b34, Plu.2.40f, Longin.Fr.11, Ruf. ap. Orib.49.30.9.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `the uttermost, last' (Il.).

Compounds: Rarely in compp. like ἐσχατό-γηρως (- ος) `in the last age' (hell.), παρ-έσχατος `the last but one' (Ph.).

Derivatives: ἐσχατιά, - ιή `uttermost part, frontier, extreme position' (Ion.Hes., Att.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 81f. (Tenos; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 9); poet. enlargement ἐσχάτιος (Nic.). Denomin. verbs. ἐσχατάω `be the uttermost, the last', only in ptc. ἐσχατάων, - όων (Il.; cf. Shipp Studies 62). ἐσχατεύω `id.' (Arist.). ἐσχατίζω `come too late' (LXX).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs `out'

Etymology: Adjectival deriv. of ἐξ, but in detail unclear. The opposite ἔγ-κατα, to ἐν, presupposes a formation *ἔξ-κατος; the tenuis aspirata χ then requires as protoform *ἔχσ-κατος, what seems to give for ἐξ an IE basis *eǵʰs; but note in older alphabets the notation χσ = ξ (Schwyzer 210), which suggests aspiration of a velar before σ. - The suffix - κατος would have a velar element (cf. πρό-κα, Lat. reci-pro-cus; *ἐχσ-κο- `what is outside') and a dental ( μέσ(σ)-ατος, τρίτ-ατος a. o.). Wackernagel KZ 33, 40f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 719f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1. On the phonetics also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 29ff.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `the juice, watery part of blood' (Hp., Arist.; from the poetic language, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 310).

Other forms: (acc. sg. ἰχῶ Ε 416) `godsblood' (Ε 340, 416), sec. of the blood of the Gigantes (Str. 6, 3,5), blood in gen. (A. Ag. 1480, anap.),

Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in ἰχω(ρο)-ρροέω `give blood' (Hp.).

Derivatives: ἰχωρώδης `serous' (Hp). Morphol. without exact parallel (cf. Schwyzer 519 and 569, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 212),

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Prob. a foreign word (cf. Krahe Die Antike 15, 184). Several explan.: LW [loanword] from Hitt. ešh̯ar (s. ἔαρ; Kretschmer Kleinas. Forsch. 1, 9ff., Heubeck Preagraeca 81, Neumann, Heth u. Luw. Sprachgut 18); to ἰκμάς (Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 492ff.); to ἶχαρ, ἰχανάω (Bolling Lang. 21, 49ff.); again diff. Stokes in Fick 2, 295, Persson Stud. 112 n.2, Güntert Götter und Geister 102, Grošelj Razprave 2, 40f. All proposals rejected by DELG. See Jouanna, Demont, REA 83 (1981) 197-209: we should start from the medical technical conception, not from the poetc idea. DELG calls the word prob. IE, which is far from certain.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: ` dry up, wither, wrinkle' (Od.).

Other forms: Aor. κάρψαι, fut. κάρψω,

Compounds: also with κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: 1. κάρφος n. `arid stalk, twig, halm, hay' (IA.); καρφίον dimin. (Dsc.), καρφηρός `consisting of arid stalks' (E. Ion 172; cf. αὑχμηρός, αὑστηρός a. o., Chantraine Formation 232f.), καρφίτης `id.' (AP), καρφώδης `full of κ.' (gloss.), καρφεῖα n. pl. = κάρφη pl. (Nic. Al. 118); καρφόομαι (AP) = καρφύνεσθαι ξηραίνεσθαι, φθείρεσθαι H.; s. Fraenkel Denom. 294. 2. κάρφη f. `hay' (X., Arr.). 3. καρφαλέος `arid' (Il.; as αὑαλέος; perh. from κάρφος, cf. Chantraine 253f.). 4. κατακαρφ-ής `withered' (Nik. Fr. 70, 9).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: To the zero grade thematic root present κάρφω (with κάρφος for older *κέρφος?; s. below) the other languages have no agreement. Similarity is seen in a in Balto-Slavic and Germanic wide-spread groep, e. g. Russ. koróbitь `curve, bend', refl. `curve oneself, writhe', beside which with anlaut. s- skórbnutь `writhe', Lith. skrembù, skrèbti `get a thin crust, get stiff', NIsl. herpa-st `draw together convulsively', OIcel. skorpna `writhe, wither' etc., IE. ( s)kerbh-, ( s)krebh-; Pok. 948f. "m. reicher Lit. und buntem Vergleichsmaterial" (Frisk); also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. koróbitь and skórblyj, W.-Hofmann s. corbis. Unclear remain the Hesych -glosses κορφῶς ἐλαφρῶς, κέρβαλα ἀσθενῆ (improb. v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f.).. - "Die expressive Wortgruppe hat offenbar lautliche Entgleisungen und Verschränkungen erlitten" (Frisk). "Les rapprochments proposés par les étymologistes ne donnent satisfaction ni pour la forme ni pour le sens" (DELG). Cf. also κράμβη, - ός. It seems then that the word is non-IE and it may well be Pre-Greek. Note κορφῶς.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `red-yellow, yellow-brown', of οἶνος, νέκταρ (Hp., Nic.), f. κιρράς (Nic.).

Compounds: Compp.: ὑπό- (Hp., Dsc., Gal.), ἔγ-κιρρος (Dsc.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 127), κιρρο-ειδής (Apollod. Myth.).

Derivatives: κιρρώδης (Hippiatr.). κιρρίς f. `a sea-fish (Opp.); cf. κηρίς s. κηρός ( κιρρά [for κίρρα?] H.); also = εἶδος ἱέρακος (EM 515, 15); cf. κεῖρις ὄρνεον, ἱέραξ, οἱ δε ἁλκυόνα H., from which Lat. cīris `sea-bird', s. W.-Hofmann s. v.; also κίρις... ὄρνεον H.;

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Quite uncertain hypotheses in v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f. - On the geminata - ρρ- cf. πυρρός (or expressive?). Unexplained. The comparison with Lith. šir̃mas, šir̃vas `(blew)grey' (Prellwitz, Frisk IF 49, 99) is problematic as regards the vowels, as Lith. -ir̃- is prob. zero grade (Pok. 573f.). Acc. to others to Slav., e. g. R.-CSl. sěrь `grey', MIr. cīar `dark' etc. (Pok. 540f.); diff. on the Slav. words Vasmer Wb. s. séruj.

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Grammatical information: m. and f.

Meaning: `seer, prophet' (Il.); also name of a plant (Nic.), a grasshopper, `praying manti' (Theoc., Dsc.), a garden-frog (H.); as announcing the weather, cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 79.

Other forms: - εως, Ion. - ιος.

Compounds: often as 2. member in the tragics, e.g. ἰατρό-μαντις `soothsayer, who is also a physician' (A.), cf. Risch IF 59, 272f. Rarely as 1. member, e.g. μαντι-πόλος `predicting' (E. in anap., Orac. ap. Luc., Man.).

Derivatives: 1. μαντεῖος, -ήϊος `regarding the soothsayer, prophetic' (P., trag.; after βασιλεῖος etc.), μαντεῖον, -ήϊον n. `oracle, place of an oracle' (μ 272). 2. μαντικός `id.', μαντική ( τέχνη) `the art of seeing' (IA.; Chantraine Études 130 a. 143). 3. μαντῳ̃ος `id.' (AP; after ἡρῳ̃ος a. o.). 4. μαντοσύνη `gift of prophecy' (Il., Pi., Emp.; after ἱππο-σύνη etc., Wyss - συνη 24f., Porzig Satzinhalte 226), - συνος `belonging to the seer, oracle' (Corinna, E. in lyr.; Wyss - συνη 42). 5. μαντεύομαι, late also - εύω, `prophesy, predict, ask an oracle' (Il., after βασιλεύειν etc.; cf. Schwyzer 732) with μαντεία, - είη, η-ΐη `prophecy, the gift of prophecy, oracle' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 9), μάντευμα `oracle' (Pi., trag.), μαντευτής = μάντις (Hdt.), - εύτρια (Sch.). - PN Μάντιος (Od.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [726] * men- `think'?

Etymology: As masc. concretum, esp. as nom. agentis in - τι-, μάντις is rather isolated; similar only μάρπτις `brigand' (A. Supp. 826 f.; text defect), πόρτις `calf'; quite uncertain the PN Σίντιες (Lemnos; σίνομαι?, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 76). It lies at hand, to take it like φάτις as an original abstract fem. (Brugmann; e.g. ⁴239); on the question Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 40f., G. Liebert Das Nominalsuffix -ti- im Aind. (Lund 1949) 142ff. After Benveniste Origines 83 we should rather reconstruct an old neuter *τὸ μάντι `divination'; but μαντι-πόλος, adduced by B., can easily be explained differently, s. above. In nay case μάντις belongs to μαίνομαι, μανῆναι ( ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μαίνεται Hdt. 4, 79; rejected by v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 40); semantically agrees the formally cognate but differently built Skt. múni- m. `illuminated, seer' (rejected by Mayrhofer KEWA 2, 654); in the West there is a different word for it (Lat. vātēs etc.; Porzig Gliederung 127). The ti-deriv. in Lat. mens etc. is qua content far off.

See also: Weiteres s. μέμονα und μένος.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `directive, carpenter's line, finish-line, -cord, plumbline, rule, norm' (O 410).

Compounds: ὑποστάθμη (: ὑπο- στῆναι) f. `sediment, lees, foundation' (Pl., Hp. a. o.).

Derivatives: 1. σταθμ-άομαι (Ion. - έομαι), - άω, also m. δια-, ἐπι-, ἀντι-, `to measure (by the directive), to estimate, to gauge, to weigh' (Pi., IA.) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητικός (late). 2. - ίζω, also m. δια-, `id.' (Aq., Sm.). -- σταθμός m. `location, stable, farmstead, night lodgings, travel stage, day's march; pillar, post, jamb; balance, weight, heaviness' (Il.); pl. also - μά n. (after τάλαντα, ζυγά), to which sg. - όν `weight, balance' (IA.), poet. also `homestead, farmstead; jamb etc.' (trag. a.o.; Egli Heteroklisie 40f.). Compp., a.g. σταθμ-οῦχος m. `owner of goods etc.' (A. Fr. 226 = 376 M., Antiph., pap. a.o.), ἐπί-σταθμος m. `quartermaster' (Isoc.), `military quartered on another' (pap.; Mayser I: 3, 175); ναύ-σταθμον n. (Th.), second. - ος m. (Plb., D.S., Plu.) `anchorage, fleet-station, fleet'; prop. subst. adj. like βού-σταθμον (cf. on βούτυρον). From this 1. σταθμ-ίον n. `balance, weight' (hell. a. late); 2. - ικός `belonging to weighing' (Gal.); 3. - ώδης `rich in sediment' (Hp.; cf. ὑποστάθμη); 4. - ίζω, also w. δια-, συν- a. o. `to weigh' with - ισις f. `the weighing', - ιστής m. `weigher', - ιστί `by weight', - ιστικός `for weighing' (late); 5. - εύω, also w. κατα-, ἐπι-, `take up or have quarters etc.' with - εία f. (late).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Details on the meaning of στάθμη and σταθμός Jüthner Έπιτύμβιον Swoboda 107ff., Havers Glotta 25, 101ff., Holt Glotta 27, 194, Kieckers IF 38, 209f. On στάθμη: σταθμός cf. δέσμη: δεσμός and other word-pairs in Porzig Satzinhalte 283 f.; formation as βα-θμός, Arc. etc. θε-θμός (s. θεσμός), ῥυ-θμός etc. A θ appears also in εὑ-σταθής `standing firm, quiet' (Ion. hell. a. late since Il.), which has prob. been built on the aor. ἐστάθην (Risch 75). The synonymous and later attested σταθερός (A. Fr. 276 = 479 M. etc.) may have been built after the pattern of ἀ-φαν-ής: φαν-ερός a. o. Cf. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 513 and Benveniste Origines 193 a. 200f. -- Further s. ἵστημι.

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Grammatical information: m. pl.

Meaning: `the standing up side-beams of a ship' (Poll. 1, 92, H., EM), acc. - ῖνας (Moschio ap. Ath.).

Other forms: Dat. -ῐ́ νεσσι (ε 252, Nonn. D. 40, 446).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: As "stander" to ἵσταμαι with formation like ἑρμῑν-, ῥηγμῑν-, ὑσμῑν- and like these an ῑν-derivation from an μ- or μ(ε)ν-stem, which is also seen in στάμνος (s. v.). The short ῐ in σταμῐ́νεσσι may be due to the metre; s. Debrunner REIE 1, 1ff. (diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 40f.). Uncertain. If the root was σταμ-, the word may well be PG [Pre-Greek].

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: 1. Thessalian, son of Myrmidon or Triopas, because of his destruction of a wood sacred to Demeter punished by the goddess with an unsatiable hunger (Hellanik. ap. Ath. 416b, Call. Cer. 33ff.); by Strat. Com. 1, 19 (Ath. 382d) used as a travesty as name of an animal, prob. a swine (an ox?), because of his voracity or his destructive disposition. 2. Athenian, son of Kekrops and Agraulos (Pl. Kriti. 111a).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: For the formation cf. ἐρυσί-πτολις `town protecting' (Ζ 305 a. e.). A later time, that wanted to connect the name better with the deeds of its owner, changed it to, connecting ἐρύω `draw, pull', "earth-puller", a name, that does not fit well with the destruction of the wood; Έρυσίχθων is then described by Lykophr. 1396 as γατομῶν. - Schulze Q. 318 (s. also KZ 55, 112 n. 2) took ἐρυσίχθων as "grub the earth" and connected Lat. ruō `grub', OCS rъvǫ `pull out' etc. (Pok. 868); cf also ῥυτοῖσι λάεσσι [Od.], which belongs rather to ἐρύω `draw'; s. v.); this would not fit the place in Straton. - Cf. v. Wilamowitz Hellen. Dichtung 2, 40f. No doubt a Pre-Greek name that has nothing to do with χθών.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: the island of Corcyra (Hdt., Th., att. inscr. since 375^a).

Other forms: also Κόρκυρα (Att. inscr. 433^a, also Corcyraean coins; prob. from assimilation ε - υ \> ο - υ, Schwyzer 255). Alcman has Κέρκυρ (fr. 114 Page). Myc. korokuraijo \/ Korkuraios\/.

Dialectal forms: Myc. korokuraijo \/ Korkuraios\/.

Derivatives: Κερκυραῖος ( Κορ-) `inhabitant of C.'

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Here also the Illyrian people's-name Κέρκυρες (cf. Ἴλλυρες); from there the name of the island? (Schwyzer 66). Acc. to Mayer KZ 70, 76ff. prop. the "oak-island", from the Illyr. word for `oak' to Lat. quercus, Goth. fairguni `mountain' etc. Other combinations in Specht Sprache 1, 40f.

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① a child that is still unborn, fetus, child (Il. 23, 266; Plut., Mor. 1052f; Diosc. 5, 74; SIG 1267, 23; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 18; PGM 8, 1 ἐλθέ μοι κύριε Ἑρμῆ ὡς τὰ βρέφη εἰς τ. κοιλίας τ. γυναικῶν; PFlor 93, 21 τὸ ἐν γαστρὶ βρέφος; Sir 19:11; Ps.-Phocyl. 184; Jos., Ant. 20, 18; s. ἐξαμβλόω) Lk 1:41, 44.

② a very small child, baby, infant (Pind.+; PFamTebt 20, 15; PMich 423/24, 13; 17; 20; BGU 1104, 24; POxy 1069, 22 al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; 4 Macc 4:25; TestSol 13:3, 4; ApcSed 9; ApcEsdr p. 28, 13 Tdf.; Philo; ViJer 7; Jos., Bell. 6, 205; Tat. 30, 1) Lk 2:12, 16; GJs 9:2; 22:2 (Diod S 2, 4, 5 herdsmen find a divine child, Semiramis [εὑρεῖν τὸ βρέφος]; of Plato as infant s. παρίστημι 1bα); Lk 18:15; Ac 7:19; νήπια β. (Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 29; En 99:5 [restored]) Hs 9, 29, 1; cp. 3; ἀπὸ βρέφους from childhood 2 Ti 3:15 (Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 3, 40; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 33; more freq. ἐκ β.: Philo, Somn. 1, 192; Anth. Pal, 9, 567). In imagery 1 Pt 2:2.—On caution respecting usage in grave ins s. New Docs 4, 40f.—B. 92. DELG. M-M. TW.

γεωργός, οῦ, ὁ gener. one who is occupied in agriculture or gardening

① one who owns a farm, farmer (Hdt., Aristoph.+) 2 Ti 2:6 (on association of γ. w. the teacher s. AHenrichs, ZPE 1, ’67, 50–53); Js 5:7.

② one who does agricultural work on a contractual basis, vine-dresser, tenant farmer (Pla., Theaet. p. 178d; Aelian, NA 7, 28; Gen 9:20) Mt 21:33ff, 38, 40f; Mk 12:1f, 7, 9; Lk 20:9f, 14, 16 (ELohmeyer, ZST 18, ’41, 243–59: wicked tenants; BIersel, ‘D. Sohn’ in den synoptischen Jesusworten² ’64, 124–45); J 15:1 (God as γ. Herm. Wr. 9, 6; 14, 10; PGM 1:26 ἧκέ μοι ἀγαθὲ γεωργέ, Ἀγαθὸς Δαίμων). Goodsp., Probs. 111f ‘cultivator’.—B. 487. S. DELG s.v. γῆ and ἔργον. M-M.

γίνομαι (in the form γίγνομαι [s. below] Hom.+; as γίν. since Aristot.+; and s. Kühner-Bl. II p. 391; Schwyzer I 215; KBrugmann⁴-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 126; Mayser p. 165 and lit. there). Impf. ἐγινόμην; fut. γενήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, 3 sg. opt. γένοιτο; very rare v.l. (B-D-F §81, 3) γενάμενος (GJs 6:1; 16;1; 25:1 [s. deStrycker 249]; also found in Ps.-Callisth. 1, 20, 1; 1, 41, 11; ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 7 Tdf.; Mel., P. 49, 346 [Bodm.]). Pass.: fut. ptc. τῶν γενηθησομένων (Eccl 1:11 v.l.); 1 aor. ἐγενήθην (Doric, H. Gk.; Phryn. 108 Lob.; pap fr. III B.C., Mayser I/2² ’38, 157f [w. lit.]; ins [Schweizer 181; Nachmanson 168; Thieme 13]; LXX), impv. γενηθήτω; pf. γεγένημαι (Meisterhans³-Schw.: Att. ins since 376 B.C.; Mayser 391) uncontested use in NT only J 2:9; GJs 24:3 (γεγένν-pap); apolog. On pf. γέγονα s. Meisterhans³-Schw.: since 464 B.C.; Mayser 372; on the aoristic use of γέγονα s. Mlt. 145f; 238; 239; PChantraine, Histoire du parfait grec 1927, 233–45; 3 pl. γέγοναν Ro 16:7 (v.l. γεγόνασιν) and Rv 21:6; s. KBuresch, Γέγοναν: RhM 46, 1891, 193ff; Mlt. 52 n.; ptc. γεγονώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐγεγόνει (1 Macc. 4:27; 2 Macc. 13:17; J 6:17; Just.), without augment γεγόνει (Ac 4:22; v.l. ἐγεγόνει), s. B-D-F §78; Mlt-H. 190. On the variation γίνομαι and γίγνομαι s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108. A verb with numerous nuances relating to being and manner of being. Its contrast to the more static term εἰμί can be seen in Kaibel 595, 5 οὐκ ἤμην καὶ ἐγενόμην=I was not and then I came to be (cp. Ath. 4, 2 in 3 below).

① to come into being through process of birth or natural production, be born, be produced (SIG 1168, 6; Epict. 2, 17, 8; Wsd 7:3; Sir 44:9; Just., A I, 13, 3; Tat. 26, 2) J 8:58; w. ἔκ τινος foll. (Diod S 3, 64, 1; Appian, Basil. 5 §1; Parthenius 1, 4; Athen. 13, 37 p. 576c ἐξ ἑταίρας; PPetr III, 2, 20; PFlor 382, 38 ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ γενόμενος υἱός; 1 Esdr 4:16; Tob 8:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 216) Ro 1:3; Gal 4:4 (cp. 1QS 11:21). Also of plants 1 Cor 15:37. Of fruits ἔκ τινος be produced by a tree Mt 21:19 (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 13 ὁ ἐκ τ. χώρας γιγνόμενος σῖτος). W. ἀπό τινος foll. Ox 1081 (SJCh), 11 γε̣[ινόμε]νον, 14 γέγ[ονος], 14f γε[ι]νομεν[ον], 19 γέγονος.

② to come into existence, be made, be created, be manufactured, be performed

ⓐ gener. ὸ̔ γέγονεν J 1:3c (s. ref. to Vawter, below); w. διά τινος vs. 3a (MTeschendorf, D. Schöpfungsged. im NT: StKr 104, ’32, 337–72). W. χωρίς τινος vs. 3b (IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 15 [103 A.D.] Ἐμοῦ δὲ χωρὶς γείνετʼ οὐδὲν πώποτε; Cleanthes, Hymn to Zeus 15 [Stoic. I 537=Coll. Alex. no. 1 p. 227] οὐδέ τι γίγνεται ἔργον σοῦ δίχα; note the related style 1QH 1:20; on the syntax of J 1:3f see BVawter, CBQ 25, ’63, 401–6, who favors a full stop after οὐδὲ ἕν, s. εἷς 2b and lit. cited there on J 1:3). W. ἔκ τινος Hb 11:3. Of cult images διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι made w. hands Ac 19:26 (cp. PRyl 231, 3 [40 A.D.] τοὺς ἄρτους γενέσθαι). Of miracles: be done, take place (Tob 11:15; Wsd 19:13 v.l. Swete) Mt 11:20f, 23; Lk 10:13; Ac 8:13. ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο on whom this miracle had been performed 4:22. W. mention of the author διά τινος (cp. 4 Macc 17:11) 2:43; 4:16, 30; 12:9; 24:2. διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Mk 6:2; Ac 14:3. ὑπό τινος (Herodian 8, 4, 2; OGI 168, 46 [115 B.C.] τὰ γεγονότα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς φιλάνθρωπα; UPZ III, 3, 7 [116 B.C.]; PTebt 786, 14 [II B.C.]; Wsd 9:2; Jos., Ant. 8, 111; 347; Just., D. 35, 8 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ [Jesus] καὶ νῦν γινομένων δυνάμεων) Lk 9:7 v.l.; 13:17; 23:8; Eph 5:12. Of commands, instructions be fulfilled, performed γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου thy will be done (Appian, Liby. 90 §423 τὸ πρόσταγμα δεῖ γενέσθαι; Syntipas p. 25, 3 γενέσθω τὸ αἴτημα) Mt 6:10; 26:42; Lk 11:2; cp. 22:42. γέγονεν ὸ̔ ἐπέταξας your order has been carried out 14:22. γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν that their demand should be granted 23:24. Of institutions: be established, the Sabbath for the sake of humans Mk 2:27 (Crates, Ep. 24 οὐ γεγόνασιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τ. ἵππων χάριν, ἀλλʼ οἱ ἵπποι τ. ἀνθρώπων).

ⓑ w. mention of the special nature of an undertaking: ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί in order to have such action taken in my case 1 Cor 9:15. ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται; what will be done when it (the wood) is dry? Lk 23:31.

③ come into being as an event or phenomenon from a point of origin, arise, come about, develop (Alcaeus 23 Diehl² [320 L-P.] καί κʼ οὐδὲν ἐκ δένος γένοιτο=nothing could originate from nothing; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὸ̓ν)

ⓐ of events or phenomena in nature (Sir 40:10; Ex 10:22; Job 40:23; Jos., Ant. 9, 36): lightning, thunder (X., An. 3, 1, 11) J 12:29; Rv 8:5; 11:19; calm (on the sea) Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; Lk 8:24; storm Mk 4:37; a cloud (cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 36) 9:7; Lk 9:34; Hv 4, 3, 7; flood Lk 6:48; earthquake (Parian Marbles [III B.C.]=FGrH: 239B, 24) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Ac 16:26; Rv 6:12; 11:13; 16:18; darkness Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44; J 6:17; hail, fire Rv 8:7. Of a dawning day ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο (cp. περὶ ἀρχομένην ἡμέραν ‘about dawn’ Jos., Vi 15: in a related story of shipwreck) Ac 27:39.

ⓑ of other occurrences (Arrian, Anab. 4, 4, 3 τὰ ἱερὰ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο=the sacrifice did not turn out [favorably]; 1 Macc 1:25; 4:58; 9:27; 13:44; Jdth 7:29; 14:19 al.): complaining Ac 6:1; persecution, oppression Mt 13:21; 24:21; Mk 4:17; 13:19; Ac 11:19; discussion J 3:25; Ac 15:7; tumult Mt 26:5; 27:24; GJs 21:1 and 25:1; a sound Ac 2:2, 6; weeping 20:37; clamor 23:9; Mt 25:6; AcPl Ha 4, 6; famine Lk 4:25; 15:14; Ac 11:28; ὁρμή (q.v.) 14:5; war Rv 12:7; sharp contention Ac 15:39; tear (in a garment) Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; Lk 6:49; silence (s. σιγή) Ac 21:40; Rv 8:1; στάσις (q.v. 2) Lk 23:19; Ac 15:2; 23:7, 10; concourse 21:30; confusion 19:23; shout, loud voice 2:6; 19:34; Rv 11:15; dispute Lk 22:24; envy, strife 1 Ti 6:4; astonishment AcPl Ha 4, 25; joy 6, 3; prayer 6, 7; offering 6, 37.

ⓒ of the various divisions of a day (Jdth 13:1; 1 Macc 5:30; 4 Macc 3:8 al.) γενομένης ἡμέρας when day came (Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 23:12; cp. Lk 6:13; 22:66; Ac 27:29, 33, 39. Difft. Mk 6:21 γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου when a convenient/opportune day arrived. ὀψέ (cp. Gen 29:25; 1 Km 25:37) 11:19. ὀψίας γενομένης Mt 8:16; 14:15, 23; 16:2; 26:20; 27:57; Mk 1:32; 6:47; 14:17; 15:42; cp. J 6:16. πρωί̈ας Mt 27:1; J 21:4. νύξ Ac 27:27. ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης when it had grown late Mk 6:35; cp. 15:33; Lk 22:14; Ac 26:4.

④ to occur as process or result, happen, turn out, take place (Dicaearch., Fgm. 102 W.: a campaign ‘takes place’; Diod S 32 Fgm. 9c τὰς εἰς τ. πατέρα γεγενημένας ἁμαρτίας=the misdeeds ‘perpetrated’ against his father; 2 Macc 1:32; 13:17; 3 Macc 1:11; 4:12; 5:17 al.)

ⓐ gener. τοῦτο ὅλον γέγονεν all this took place w. ἵνα foll. Mt 1:22; 26:56. ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται until all has taken place (=is past) 5:18. πάντα τὰ γενόμενα everything that had happened (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 121 §508 τὰ γενόμενα; 1 Esdr 1:10; Jdth 15:1; 1 Macc 4:20; 2 Macc 10:21; 3 Macc 1:17) 18:31; cp. 21:21; 24:6, 20, 34; 26:54; 27:54; 28:11; Mk 5:14. ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονός let us see this thing that has taken place Lk 2:15 (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]) θανάτου γενομένου since a death has occurred, i.e. since he has died Hb 9:15. τούτου γενομένου after this had happened (Jos., Ant. 9, 56; 129) Ac 28:9. τὸ γεγονός what had happened (Diod S 12, 49, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §496; Jos., Ant. 14, 292) Lk 8:34; 24:12. τὰ γεγονότα AcPl Ha 11, 1.—μὴ γένοιτο strong negation, in Paul only after rhet. questions (cp. TestJob 38:1; JosAs 25:8; Epict., index p. 540e; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 1, 2, Dial. Meretr. 13, 4; Achilles Tat. 5, 18, 4; Aristaen., Ep. 1, 27) by no means, far from it, God forbid (Goodsp., Probs., 88; AMalherbe, HTR 73, ’80, 231–41) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21. In more extensive phrasing (the LXX has exx. only of this usage: Gen 44:17; 3 Km 20:3 al.; cp. Josh 22:29; Demosth. 10, 27; Alciphron 2, 5, 3 al.; Ael. Aristid. 23, 80 K.=42 p. 795 D.; 30 p. 578 D.; 54 p. 679 ὸ̔ μὴ γένοιτο) Gal 6:14; w. ἵνα foll. AcPl Ha 7, 40. τί γέγονεν ὅτι (cp. Eccl 7:10) why is it that J 14:22.—Of festivals: be held, take place, come (X., Hell. 7, 4, 28 τὰ Ὀλύμπια; 4, 5, 1; 4 Km 23:22f; 2 Macc 6:7) feast of dedication J 10:22; passover Mt 26:2; sabbath Mk 6:2; wedding J 2:1.—Abs. impv. (put twice for emphasis as Lucian, Pisc. 1 βάλλε, βάλλε; Philostrat., Ep. 35, 1 λάβε λάβε; Procop. Soph., Ep. 45) γενηθήτω γενηθήτω so let it be as a closing formula 1 Cor 16:24 v.l. (cp. Herodas 4, 85, where the sacristan closes his prayer to Asclepius with the words: ὧδε ταῦτʼ εἴη=so may it be).—On γένοιτο ἀμήν GJs 6:2 s. ἀμήν 1a.

ⓑ w. dat. of pers. affected

α. w. inf. foll. (UPZ 24, 29 al.; 1 Macc 13:5; Jos., Ant. 6, 232) ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι so that he would not have to lose time Ac 20:16.

β. w. adv. or adv. phrase added (1 Esdr 6:33) κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν according to your faith let it be done to you, i.e. you believe, and you won’t be disappointed Mt 9:29; cp. 8:13. γένοιτό μοι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου may that happen to me as you have said Lk 1:38. πῶς ἐγένετο τῷ δαιμονιζομένῳ what had happened to the possessed man Mk 5:16. ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται that it may be well w. you Eph 6:3 (Dt 5:16; cp. Epict. 2, 5, 29 εὖ σοι γένοιτο; Aelian, VH 9, 36). γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done for you as you desire, i.e. your wish is granted Mt 15:28.

γ. w. nom. of thing (1 Macc 4:25; Sir 51:17; Ar. 15:5) γίνεταί τινί τι someth. happens to or befalls a person Mk 9:21. ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν σοί τι γένηται lest someth. worse come upon you J 5:14. τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ what has happened to him Ac 7:40 (Ex 32:1, 23; AcPl Ha 5, 20). τὸ γεγενημένον αὐτῷ Ac 3:10 D. ἐγίνετο πάσῃ ψυχῄ φόβος fear came upon everyone (cp. Tob 11:18) 2:43. λύπη AcPl Ha 6, 16. Freq. γέγονε ἐμοί τι someth. has come to me= I have someth.: πώρωσις τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν a hardening (of heart) has befallen Israel Ro 11:25; σωτηρία τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γεγένηται GJs 19:2; cp. Lk 19:9; διὰ τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν γενομένην Παύλῳ AcPl Ha 3, 15; ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα if a man has a hundred sheep Mt 18:12. τοῖς ἔξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται those outside receive everything in parables Mk 4:11. μήποτε γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι that you may receive no repayment Lk 14:12; cp. 19:9; J 15:7; 1 Cor 4:5.

ⓒ w. gen. of pers. (Diod S 16, 64, 2 τὸν τῆς Ἑλένης γεγενημένον ὅρμον=the necklace that had belonged to Helen): ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν the kingdom of the world has come into the possession of our Lord Rv 11:15.

ⓓ γίνεταί τι ἐπί τινι someth. happens in the case of or to a person Mk 5:33 v.l.; ἐν v.l. This can also be expressed w. εἴς τινα Ac 28:6 or the double nom. τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter 12:18 (cp. Jos., Vi. 296 οἱ εἴκοσι χρυσοῖ τὶ γεγόνασιν).

ⓔ w. inf. foll., to emphasize the actual occurrence of the action denoted by the verb: ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτό if it comes about that he finds it= if he actually finds it Mt 18:13 (s. PCatt V, 19f [=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 V] ἐὰν γένηταί με ἀποδημεῖν; PAmh 135, 10; BGU 970, 5). ἐγένετο αὐτὸν παραπορεύεσθαι he happened to be passing Mk 2:23; cp. Lk 6:1, 6. ἐγένετο ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανόν just then the heaven opened Lk 3:21; cp. 16:22 (ἐν τῷ ἀποθανεῖν P⁷⁵); Ac 4:5; 9:3, 32, 37, 43; 11:26; 14:1; 16:16; 19:1; 21:1, 5; 22:6, 17; 27:44; 28:8 (UPZ 62, 29 [161 B.C.] γίνεται γὰρ ἐντραπῆναι).

ⓕ καὶ ἐγένετο (ἐγένετο δέ) periphrastic like וַיְהִי with וַ foll. to indicate the progress of the narrative; it is followed either by a conjunction like ὅτε, ὡς etc., or a gen. abs., or a prepositional constr., and joined to it is a finite verb w. καί (Jdth 5:22; 10:1; Sus 19 Theod.; 1 Macc 1:1; 5:1; Gen 39:7, 13, 19; 42:35; JosAs 11:1; 22:1; AscIs 3:2) Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15 v.l.; Lk 2:15; 5:1, 12, 17; 8:1, 22; 14:1.—Without the second καί (Jdth 2:4; 12:10; 13:12; 1 Macc 6:8; 7:2 v.l.; 9:23; Sus 28 Theod.; Bel 18 Theod.; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 1 [Stone p. 58] and 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 31:1; JosAs 1:1; 3:1) Mt 7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 1:9; 4:4; Lk 1:8, 23, 41, 59; 2:1, 6, 46; 6:12 al. At times it is followed by an inf. The phrase is usually omitted in translation; older versions transl. it came to pass.—Mlt. 16f; MJohannessohn, Das bibl. καὶ ἐγένετο u. s. Geschichte: ZVS 53, 1926, 161–212 (LXX); s. MDibelius, Gnomon 3, 1927, 446–50; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évangiles 1927, 189–99; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 29–62; JReiling, BT 16, ’65, 153–63; EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65.

⑤ to experience a change in nature and so indicate entry into a new condition, become someth.

ⓐ w. nouns (Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915, p. 16, 5 θεὸς ἐγένου ἐξ ἀνθρώπου [IV/III]; Arrian, Anab. 5, 26, 5; Sir 51:2; 1 Esdr 4:26; Wsd 8:2; 4 Macc 16:6; En 103:11; Tat. 19, 2 τοῦ θανάτου καταφρονηταὶ γίνεσθε): ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν that you may become sons of your father Mt 5:45; ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων I will turn you into fishers of people Mk 1:17; a traitor Lk 6:16; friends 23:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 121); children of God J 1:12; children of light 12:36; a Christian Ac 26:29; apostle AcPlCor 2:4; a father Ro 4:18; a fool 1 Cor 3:18; a spectacle 4:9; a man, an adult 13:11 (Tob 1:9); a curse Gal 3:13. οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἐδόξασεν γενηθῆναι ἀρχιερέα he did not exalt himself to be made high priest Hb 5:5; ἐγένετο ἀντὶ αὐτοῦ Σαμουήλ Samuel became (high priest) in his place GJs 10:2. W. double nom. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 3, 15 δράκων λίθος ἐγένετο; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 507; Bel 28; 4 Macc 18:7) οἱ λίθοι ἄρτοι γίνονται the stones turn into loaves Mt 4:3. τὸ αἵμα αὐτοῦ λίθον γεγενημένον GJs 24:3. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (the reverse PBerl 13044, col. III, 28ff [UWilcken, SBBerlAk 1923, 161f] τί ποιῶν ἄν τις γένοιτο θεός;). τὸ ὕδωρ γενήσεται πηγή 4:14. ἡ περιτομὴ ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν Ro 2:25. ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος I became a courier Col 1:23 (cp. Herodian 2, 6, 8 ἀνὴρ ἔπαρχος γενόμενος).—Also γ. εἴς τι (Menand., Peric. 49f Kö. [169f S.] τὸ κακὸν εἰς ἀγαθὸν ῥέπει γινόμενον; 1 Km 4:9; Jdth 5:18; 1 Macc 2:11, 43; 3:58; En 19:2 al.; B-D-F §145, 1): ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον it became a tree Lk 13:19; εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (all in ref. to Ps 117:22); εἰς χαρὰν γ. change (or, turn) into joy J 16:20. εἰς οὐδέν come to nothing Ac 5:36. εἰς παγίδα Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23); εἰς κενὸν γ. be done in vain 1 Th 3:5. εἰς ἄψινθον Rv 8:11. Cp. AcPl Ha 6, 6. Also w. γίνεσθαι omitted: εἰς κατάκριμα (sc. ἐγένετο τὸ κρίμα) Ro 5:18.

ⓑ used w. an adj. to paraphrase the passive (Jdth 11:11; 1 Esdr 7:3; 2 Macc 3:34; Sus 64 Theod.; En 103:9; Ath. 37, 1 πάντων ὑποχειρίων γιγνομένων): ἁπαλὸν γ. become tender Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28; ἀπειθῆ γ. Ac 26:19; ἀποσυνάγωγον γ. be expelled fr. the synagogue J 12:42; ἄφαντον γ. disappear Lk 24:31; σκωληκόβρωτον γ. be eaten by worms Ac 12:23; γνωστόν, φανερὸν γ. become known (Just., A I, 63, 6) Mk 6:14; Ac 1:19; 9:42; 19:17; 1 Cor 3:13; 14:25; Phil 1:13; δόκιμον γ. pass the test Js 1:12; ἑδραῖον γ. 1 Cor 15:58; ἔκδηλον γ. 2 Ti 3:9; AcPlCor 1:16; ἔξυπνον γ. Ac 16:27 (1 Esdr 3:3=Jos., Ant. 11:34); s. ἀπόπληκτος, ἐλεύθερος, ἐμφανής, ἔμφοβος, ἐνεργής, ἔντρομος, καθαρός, μέγας, περιδάκρυτος, περικρατής, πλήρης, πρηνής, τυφλός, ὑγιής, ὑπήκοος, ὑπόδικος, φανερός 1.

ⓒ w. ἐν of a state of being (Stoic. III 221, 16; Diod S 20, 62, 4 ἐν ἀνέσει γ.; Plut., Tit. Flam. 378 [16, 1] ἐν ὀργῇ γ.; Lucian, Tim. 28; PPetr II, 20; III, 12 [252 B.C.] ἐν ἐπισχέσει γ.; BGU 5 II, 19 ἐν νόσῳ; POxy 471 IV, 77f; 4 Km 9:20; 1 Macc 1:27 v.l.; Sus 8 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 320, Ant. 16, 372; Mel., P. 18 ἐν πόνοις … ἐν πληγαῖς etc.) ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ Lk 22:44. ἐν ἐκστάσει Ac 22:17. ἐν πνεύματι under the Spirit’s influence Rv 1:10; 4:2; AcPl Ha 6, 28. ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων be like human beings Phil 2:7. ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, φόβῳ, τρόμῳ 1 Cor 2:3. ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:7. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γ. come to one’s senses (Soph., Phil. 950; X., An. 1, 5, 17; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11) Ac 12:11; γ. ἐν Χριστῷ be a Christian Ro 16:7. Cp. 7 below.

⑥ to make a change of location in space, move

ⓐ εἴς τι (Hdt. 5, 87 al.; Philo, Op. M. 86; 2 Macc 1:13; also ἐν: Just., A II, 9, 3 ἐγενόμεθα ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπω): εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα γ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 42) Ac 20:16; 21:17; 25:15. εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν Hv 3, 1, 4. Of a voice: ἐγένετο εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου reached my ear Lk 1:44. Fig. (cp. Bar 4:28) of Abraham’s blessing εἰς τὰ ἔθνη come to the Gentiles Gal 3:14; cp. 2 Cor 8:14 (s. περίσσευμα 1, ὑστέρημα 1).

ⓑ ἔκ τινος (Job 28:2): γ. ἐκ μέσου be removed, Lat. e medio tolli (cp. Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 6 ἐκ μέσου γενομένων ἐκείνων; Plut., Timol. 238 [5, 3]; Achilles Tat. 2, 27, 2) 2 Th 2:7 (HFulford, ET 23, 1912, 40f: ‘leave the scene’). Of a voice fr. heaven: ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν γ. sound forth fr. heaven (2 Macc 2:21; cp. Da 4:31 Theod.) Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; 9:35; cp. vs. 36.

ⓒ ἐπί τι: ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον go to the tomb Lk 24:22; ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς when he was at the steps Ac 21:35. Of fear that befalls someone (2 Macc 12:22) Lk 1:65; 4:36; Ac 5:5. Of ulcers: break out on someone Rv 16:2 (Ex 9:10f). Of divine commands: go out to someone Lk 3:2. ἐπί is somet. used w. the gen. (Appian, Liby. 93 §440; Alex. Aphr., Mixt. II 2 p. 213, 21) instead of the acc.: γενόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου when he had arrived at the place 22:40 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18 ἐπὶ τ. τόπων γινόμενος).—J 6:21.

ⓓ w. κατά and gen. of place: τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας the message that has spread throughout all Judea Ac 10:37. W. acc. of place (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 15; Apollon. Paradox. 3 κατὰ τόπους γ.; Jos., Ant. I, 174; cp. 2 Macc 9:8): γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον Lk 10:32; γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον Ac 27:7.

ⓔ w. πρός and acc. of the direction and goal (PLond III, 962, 1 p. 210 [III A.D.] γενοῦ πρὸς Ἄταϊν τὸν ποιμένα; PFlor 180, 45) 1 Cor 2:3; 2J 12. Of divine instructions be given to someone (Gen 15:1, 4; Jer 1:2, 11; 13:8; Ezk 6:1; Hos 1:1; cp. ἐπί w. acc.) J 10:35; Ac 7:31 v.l.; 10:13; 13:32.

ⓕ w. σύν and the dat. join someone (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 8; 2 Macc 13:13) Lk 2:13.

ⓖ w. ἐγγύς (X., An. 1, 8, 8, Cyr. 7, 1, 7; cp. γίν. πλησίον Philo, Mos. 1, 228; Jos., Ant. 4, 40): ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου γίνεσθαι come close to the boat J 6:19. Fig. of the relation of believers to Christ: come near Eph 2:13.

ⓗ w. ὧδε come here J 6:25;

ⓘ ἔμπροσθέν τινος γ. J 1:15, 30 s. on ἔμπροσθεν 1bζ and ὀπίσω 2b.

⑦ to come into a certain state or possess certain characteristics, to be, prove to be, turn out to be (on relation to the forms of εἰμί [here and in 8–10] s. ALink, StKr 69, 1896, 420ff). Used w. the nom. (Wsd 16:3; Jdth 16:21; Sir 31:22; 1 Macc 3:58) γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι be prudent Mt 10:16. ἄκαρπος γίνεται 13:22; Mk 4:19.—W. other words: vs. 22; 9:50; Lk 1:2; 2:2; 6:36 and very oft. Freq. the dat. of advantage (dat. commodi) is added (1 Macc 10:47; 2 Macc 7:37; 4 Macc 6:28; 12:17): ἀγαπητόν τινι γ. be dear to someone 1 Th 2:8. ἀπρόσκοπον γ. τινι be inoffensive to someone 1 Cor 10:32; γ. τινι μαθητήν J 15:8; μισθαποδότην γ. τινι be a rewarder of someone Hb 11:6; γ. ὁδηγόν τινι Ac 1:16. Cp. παρηγορία, σημεῖον, τύπος.—γ. ὁμοθυμαδόν come together in unanimity or reach unanimity Ac 15:25.—τὶ γίνεταί τινί τι a thing results in someth. for someone τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγ. θάνατος; Ro 7:13. ἡ ἐξουσία πρόσκομμα τοῖς ἀσθενέσιν 1 Cor 8:9.—γίνομαι ὡς, ὥσπερ, ὡσεί τις (Ps 21:15; 31:9; 37:15; 82:11; 87:5 al.) be, become, show oneself like Mt 6:16; 10:25; 18:3; 28:4; Lk 22:26, 44; 1 Cor 4:13; 9:20f; Gal 4:12. καθὼς ἐγένετο … οὕτως ἔσται as it was … so it will be Lk 17:26, 28. οὐ χρὴ ταῦτα οὕτως γίνεσθαι this should not be so Js 3:10. ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν ἐγενήθημεν we proved/showed ourselves … toward you 1 Th 2:10.—In statements pert. to age (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 16 γεγονότα [sc. τὸν Πυθαγόραν] ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα; Demetr. of Phaleron [IV–III B.C.], Fgm. 153 Wehrli [’49]; Demetr: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 10, 50) ἐτῶν δώδεκα Lk 2:42; cp. 1 Ti 5:9.—Here prob. also belongs ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3 (cp. Plut., Phoc. 752 [23, 4] ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γ.; Cass. Dio 61, 14 τ. ἐπιθυμίας γ.; Jos., Bell. 6, 287).

⑧ to be present at a given time, be there ([Ps.-]Jos., Ant. 18, 63) Mk 1:4; J 1:6, hence exist (Diod S 3, 52, 4 γέγονε γένη γυναικῶν=there have been nations of women; Appian, Maced. 18 §3 τὸ χρυσίον τὸ γιγνόμενον=the gold that was at hand; Bar 3:26; 2 Macc 10:24) Ro 11:5; 1J 2:18. ἐγένετο there lived Lk 1:5. ἔν τινι 2 Pt 2:1. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς Rv 16:18 (Da 12:1 Theod.).

⑨ to be closely related to someone or someth., belong to

ⓐ gen. of the possessor (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 79 §336 a slave γεγένητο Πομπηίου=had belonged to Pompey: B-D-F §162, 7) belong to someone Lk 20:14, 33 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 83 §350 γυνὴ Κράσσου γεγενημένη=who had been the wife of [the younger] Crassus).

ⓑ w. dat. of pers. belong to someone (PPetr II, 40b, 7 [277 B.C.]; O. Wilck II, 1530, 2f [120 B.C.] τὸ γινόμενόν μοι=what belongs to me) of a woman ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ Ro 7:3f (cp. Ruth 1:12f; Dt 24:2).

ⓒ w. prep. μετά τινος (Josh 2:19) Ac 9:19; 20:18. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his intimate friends Mk 16:10. πρός τινα be w. someone 1 Cor 16:10 ( make him [Timothy] feel quite at home with you Mft.) ὑπό τινα be under the authority of someone or someth. (1 Macc 10:38) Gal 4:4.

ⓓ Here perh. belongs ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται it is not a matter of private interpretation 2 Pt 1:20.

⑩ to be in or at a place, be in, be there

ⓐ ἔν τινι to designate one’s present or future place of residence (X., An. 4, 3, 29; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 4 §15 Ἀντώνιος ἐν Ἐφέσῳ γενόμενος; Aelian, VH 4, 15; Herodian 2, 2, 5; POxy 283, 11; 709, 6 ἐν Μένφει γενόμενος; PTebt 416, 3; BGU 731 II, 6 ἐν οἰκίᾳ μου; Num 11:35; Judg 17:4; 1 Ch 14:17; Jdth 5:7 al. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.) Mt 26:6; Mk 9:33; Ac 7:38; 13:5; 2 Ti 1:17; Rv 1:9; AcPl Ha 7, 23.

ⓑ w. adv.: ἐκεῖ (X., An. 6, 5, 20; 3 Km 8:8 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 10, 180) Ac 19:21. κατὰ μόνας Mk 4:10.—B. 637. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι. M-M. TW.

δέχομαι fut. δέξομαι (LXX; Just., D. 22, 8). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. δεχθήσεται LXX; 1 aor. ἐδεξάμην, ἐδέχθην; pf. δέδεγμαι (Hom.+)

① to receive someth. offered or transmitted by another, take, receive τινά εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας take someone up in one’s arms Lk 2:28; one’s spirit Ac 7:59; GJs 23:3. Of letters (Procop. Soph., Ep. 20; PFlor 154, 2) Ac 22:5; cp. 28:21 (Jos., Ant. 13, 259; Just., A I, 68, 6 [Hadrian]). τὰ παρʼ ὑμῶν the things, i.e. gifts, from you Phil 4:18. τὰς ῥάβδους αὐτῶν the staffs of assembled widowers GJs 9:1. λόγια Ac 7:38. εὐαγγέλιον 2 Cor 11:4.

② to take someth. in hand, grasp lit. τί someth. (2 Ch 29:22; TestJob τὸ γραμματεῖον) τὰ γράμματα the (promissory) note Lk 16:6f; a cup 22:17; a helmet Eph 6:17.

③ to be receptive of someone, receive, welcome, gener. 1 Cl 28:2; 54:3; IEph 6:1; IPhld 11:1. Esp. of hospitality τινὰ εἰς τ. οἶκον welcome someone into one’s house Lk 16:4, cp. vs. 9 (Epict. 3, 26, 25; X., An. 5, 5, 20). Receive as a guest, welcome Mt 10:14, 40f; Lk 9:5, 11 v.l., 53; 10:8, 10; J 4:45; Col 4:10; Hb 11:31; D 11:1f, 4; 12:1. Of welcoming children Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48; a child dedicated in the temple GJs 7:2. W. adv. ἀσμένως welcome heartily (Aelian, VH 12, 18; Herodian 7, 5, 2; Jos., Ant. 12, 382; cp. 18, 101) Ac 21:17 v.l. μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου with fear and trembling 2 Cor 7:15; as an angel of God Gal 4:14. τινὰ εἰς ὄνομά τινος IRo 9:3 (s. ὄνομα 1dγב). Of places receptive to pers. ὸ̔ν δεῖ οὐρανὸν (subj.) δέξασθαι whom the heaven must receive Ac 3:21 (cp. Pla., Tht. 177a τελευτήσαντας αὐτοὺς ὁ τῶν κακῶν καθαρὸς τόπος οὐ δέξεται). W. τόπος as subj. Mk 6:11 and 1 Cl 54:3; w. κόσμος 28:2. Elizabeth petitions: ὄρος θεοῦ, δέξαι με μητέρα μετὰ τέκνου mountain of God, receive me, the mother, with my child GJs 22:3; ἐδέξατο αὐτήν ibid.

④ to overcome obstacles in being receptive, put up with, tolerate someone or someth. (Gen 50:17; Jdth 11:5; Sir 2:4; Mel., P. 48, 341 λίχνον σύμβουλον) ὡς ἄφρονα 2 Cor 11:16.

⑤ to indicate approval or conviction by accepting, be receptive of, be open to, approve, accept, of things (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 66 §277; Ath. 2:3 ψῆφον) Mt 11:14. τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος what comes fr. the Spirit 1 Cor 2:14 (Herm. Wr. 4, 4 [N-F.] τ. νοῦν); τὴν παράκλησιν request, appeal 2 Cor 8:17 (of a request also Chion, Ep. 8); love for the truth 2 Th 2:10; τὸν λόγον (since Eur. and Thu. 4, 16, 1; also Polyb. 1, 43, 4; Diod S 4, 52, 1; Pr 4:10; Zech 1:6; Jos., Ant. 18, 101; Just., A I, 9, 1) teaching Lk 8:13; Ac 8:14; 11:1; 13:48 D; 17:11; 1 Th 1:6; 2:13; Js 1:21; the reign of God Mk 10:15; Lk 18:17; grace, favor (Plut., Themist. 125 [28, 3] δέξασθαι χάριν) 2 Cor 6:1; δ. συμβουλήν accept advice 1 Cl 58:2. τὰ μιμήματα τῆς ἀληθοῦς ἀγάπης Pol 1:1.—S. also λαμβάνω. Schmidt, Syn. III 203–33. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

διοδεύω impf. διώδευον; 1 aor. διώδευσα, pass. 3 sg. διωδεύθη Wsd 5:11 (Aristot. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestZeb 4:6 v.l.; JosAs 11:1 cod. A and Pal. 364; ApcMos. 19; Joseph., SibOr).

① go, travel through (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 27, 2; OGI 613, 3; 665, 22; SEG XXVI, 1392, 40f; pap, e.g. PAmh 36, 131 PTebt 736, 12) τόπον τινά (cp. Wsd 5:7; 11:2) Ac 17:1.

② go about, intr. (IKNikaia I, 1, 7; PAmh II, 36, 13 [II B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 340; Jer 2:6; 1 Macc 12:32 διώδ. ἐν πάσῃ τῆ χώρᾳ; SibOr 3, 250) κατὰ πόλιν και κώμην fr. one city and village to another Lk 8:1.—Anz 344. New Docs 4, no. 48. DELG s.v. ὁδό. M-M.

δόξα, ης, ἡ (s. δοξάζω; in var. mngs. Hom.+; in Ath. ‘meaning’). In many of the passages in our lit. the OT and Gr-Rom. perceptions of dependence of fame and honor on extraordinary performance deserve further exploration. SIG 456, 15 is typical: concern for others leads to enhancement of one’s δόξα or reputation. The Common Gk. usage of δ. in sense of ‘notion, opinion’ is not found in the NT.

① the condition of being bright or shining, brightness, splendor, radiance (a distinctive aspect of Hb. כָּבוֹד).

ⓐ of physical phenomena (PGM 13, 189 τὴν δόξαν τοῦ φωτός, cp. 298ff. On this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 357ff, also 314 δόξα ἐκ τ. πυρός [cp. Just., D. 128]; 315 φῶς κ. δόξαν θεῖαν [=Cleopatra 150]; LXX; TestJob 43:6 τῆ λαμπάδα αὐτοῦ) οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δ. τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brightness of the light Ac 22:11; ὁρᾶν τὴν δ. see the radiance Lk 9:32; cp. vs. 31. Everything in heaven has this radiance: the radiant bodies in the sky 1 Cor 15:40f (cp. PGM 13, 64 σὺ ἔδωκας ἡλίῳ τὴν δόξαν κ. δύναμιν; 448; Sir 43:9, 12; 50:7).

ⓑ of humans involved in transcendent circumstances, and also transcendent beings: cherubim (Sir 49:8; Ezk 10:4) Hb 9:5; angels Lk 2:9; Rv 18:1. Esp. of God’s self (Ex 24:17; 40:34; Num 14:10; Bar 5:9 τὸ φῶς τῆς δόξης αὐτου; Tob 12:15; 13:16 BA; 2 Macc 2:8; SibOr 5, 427) ὁ θεὸς τῆς δ. (En 25:7) Ac 7:2 (Ps 28:3); cp. J 12:41 (Is 6:1); Ac 7:55; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Pt 1:17b; Rv 15:8; 19:1; 21:11, 23. ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δ. Eph 1:17; βασιλεὺς τῆς δ. AcPl BMM verso 24 and 26. But also of those who appear before God: Moses 2 Cor 3:7–11, 18 (Just., D. 127, 3; cp. Ἀδὰμ τῆς δ. θεοῦ ἐγυμνώθη GrBar 4:16); Christians in the next life 1 Cor 15:43; Col 3:4. The δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ as it relates to the final judgment Ro 3:23; 5:2 (but s. 3); Jesus himself has a σῶμα τῆς δ. radiant, glorious body Phil 3:21; cp. 2 Cl 17:5. Christ is the κύριος τ. δόξης 1 Cor 2:8 (cp. En 22:14; 27:3, 5; 36:4; 40:3 of God; PGM 7, 713 κύριοι δόξης of deities).—The concept has been widened to denote the glory, majesty, sublimity of God in general (PGM 4, 1202 ἐφώνησά σου τ. ἀνυπέρβλητον δόξαν; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 1, 24 οἰκοδομεῖν … ναὸν δόξης θεοῦ) ἀλλάσσειν τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ exchange the majesty of God Ro 1:23; κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1)=before himself. Christ was raised fr. the dead διὰ τῆς δ. τοῦ πατρός by the majesty (here, as in J 2:11, the thought of power, might is also present; cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 344, 359 and PGM 4, 1650 δὸς δόξαν καὶ χάριν τῷ φυλακτηρίῳ τούτῳ; Wsd 9:11 φυλάξει με ἐν τ. δόξῃ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45.—JVogel, Het sanscrit woord tejas [=gloedvuur] in de beteekenis van magische Kracht 1930) of the Father Ro 6:4; cp. Mt 16:27; Mk 8:38; AcPl Ha 10, 9; ὄψῃ τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 11:40; κράτος τῆς δ. majestic power Col 1:11; πλοῦτος τῆς δ. the wealth of his glory Ro 9:23; Eph 1:18; cp. Eph 3:16; Phil 4:19; Col 1:27; δ. τῆς χάριτος (PGM 4, 1650, s. above) Eph 1:6; w. ἀρετή 2 Pt 1:3 (τῆς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ καὶ δόξῃ διαλήψεως, ins at Aphrodisias II, 14: ZPE 8, ’71, 186); ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δ. Hb 1:3; τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δ. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ Tit 2:13. Some would classify Ro 2:7, 10 here, but these and related pass. w. the formulation δόξα καὶ τιμή prob. are better placed in 3 below because of their focus on honor and prestige. Doxol. σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δ. εἰς τ. αἰῶνας, ἀμήν (Odes 12:15 [Prayer of Manasseh]) Mt 6:13 v.l.; AcPl Ha 2, 33; εἰς ἔπαινον τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ Eph 1:12, 14; cp. 1:6.—1 Th 2:12; 1 Pt 5:10. Pl. Hv 1, 3, 3. κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δ. τοῦ μακαρίου θεοῦ 1 Ti 1:11. Transferred to Christ: Mt 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mk 10:37; 13:26; Lk 9:26; 21:27; J 1:14; 2:11; Js 2:1 (AMeyer, D. Rätsel d. Js 1930, 118ff); B 12:7; AcPl Ha 7:7. τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δ. τοῦ χριστοῦ the news that shines with the greatness of Christ 2 Cor 4:4; cp. 4:6 (cp. Just., A I, 51, 8 παραγίνεσθαι μετὰ δόξης μέλλει). Of Christ’s prestige promoted by Paul’s associates 2 Cor 8:23 (but s. d and 3 below).

ⓒ The state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or glory

α. w. ref. to Christ: εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δ. αὐτοῦ enter into his glory Lk 24:26 (βασιλείαν P⁷⁵ first hand); ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δ. 1 Ti 3:16; cp. τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δ.1 Pt 1:11 (but s. β below; pl. because of the παθήματα; cp. also Wsd 18:24; Isocr. 4, 51; POslo 85, 13 [III A.D.]), 21. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ 4:13. Also of Christ’s preëxistence: J 17:5, 22, 24.

β. w. ref. to his followers (cp. Da 12:13; Herm. Wr. 10, 7): Ro 8:18, 21; 1 Cor 2:7; 2 Cor 4:17; 1 Th 2:12; 2 Th 2:14; 2 Ti 2:10; Hb 2:10; 1 Pt 5:1, 4 (στέφανος τ. δόξης; on this expr. cp. Jer 13:18; TestBenj 4:1); εἰς … δ. καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:7 (perh. 1:11 belongs here, in ref. to sufferings that are endured in behalf of Christ). πνεῦμα τῆς δ. w. πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 4:14. ἵνα πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κληρονομήσωσιν ending of Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. ln. 11f) (Cleopatra 146f ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς θείαν δόξαν πνευματικήν); ἥτις ἐστὶν δ. ὑμῶν (my troubles) promote your glory Eph 3:13 (s. MDibelius, comm. on Col 1:24ff) τόπος τῆς δ.=the hereafter 1 Cl 5:4.

ⓓ of reflected radiance reflection ἀνὴρ … εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ man (as distinguished from woman) is the image and reflection of God 1 Cor 11:7 (perh. this thought finds expression Ro 3:23; 5:2, but s. 3, below); also γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ibid. (cp. the formal similarity but difft. mng. in the Jewish ins in Lietzmann comm. ad loc.: ἡ δόξα Σωφρονίου Λούκιλλα εὐλογημένη; s. also AFeuillet, RB 81, ’74, 161–82). Some interpret δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 8:23 in ref. to Paul’s associates (but s. 1b).

② a state of being magnificent, greatness, splendor, anything that catches the eye (1 Esdr 6:9; 1 Macc 10:60, 86; 2 Macc 5:20): fine clothing (Sir 6:31; 27:8; 45:7; 50:11) of a king Mt 6:29; Lk 12:27; of royal splendor gener. (Bar 5:6; 1 Macc 10:58; Jos., Ant. 8, 166) Mt 4:8; Lk 4:6; Rv 21:24, 26. Gener. of human splendor of any sort 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6).

③ honor as enhancement or recognition of status or performance, fame, recognition, renown, honor, prestige (s. s.v. ἀγαθός and δικαιο-entries; Diod S 15, 61, 5 abs. δόξα= good reputation; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376 δ. ἀγαθή good reputation, esteem; Polyaenus 8 Prooem. δόξα ἀθάνατος=eternal renown; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; PsSol 1:4; 17:6; Jos., Ant. 4, 14, Vi. 274; Just., A II, 10, 8 δόξης … καταφρονήσαντος) of public approbation (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 24, 1; Did., Gen. 238, 25) ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι Lk 14:10; δ. λαμβάνειν (En 99:1; Diog. L. 9, 37 of Democr. οὐκ ἐκ τόπου δόξαν λαβεῖν βουλόμενος) J 5:41, 44a al.; sim. of God Rv 4:11 and the Lamb 5:12 receiving honor. J 8:54 (=make high claims for myself); 12:43a (cp. 8:50); Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 6:8 (opp. ἀτιμία); 1 Th 2:6; 1 Cl 3:1; B 19:3; Hv 1, 1, 8. Gener. γυνὴ … ἐὰν κομᾷ, δόξα αὐτῇ ἐστιν, i.e. she enjoys a favorable reputation 1 Cor 11:15 (opp. ἀτιμία). Oxymoron ὧν … ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν whose prestige is in their disgrace Phil 3:19. Of enhancement of divine prestige as an objective J 7:18; Lazarus’ illness redounds to God’s honor 11:4; Ro 15:7. Of divine approbation of pers. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:44b; 12:43b (cp. 1QH 17:15; 1QS 4:23); Ro 3:23; 5:2. Here also belong pass. w. the form δὸξα καὶ τιμή / τιμὴ καὶ δόξα (LXX; ins, e.g. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37; Welles 42, 6; also PGM 4, 1616f δὸς δ. καὶ τιμὴν κ. χάριν; Just., D. 42, 1) Ro 2:7, 10; 1 Ti 1:17; Hb 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6); cp. 3:3; 1 Pt 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; Rv 4:9, 11; 5:12, 13; 21:26. Of pers. who bestow renown through their excellence: of Jesus Lk 2:32 (cp. Ro 9:4); of Paul’s epistolary recipients ὑμεῖς ἡ δ. ἡμῶν you bring us renown 1 Th 2:20 (cp. the Jewish ins in Lietzmann, 1d above: Loucilla brings renown to Sophronius).—Israel’s liturgy furnishes the pattern for the liturg. formula δ. θεῷ praise is (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; Harnack; Zahn; EKlostermann; ASchlatter; Rengstorf) or be (Weizsäcker; JWeiss; OHoltzmann) to God Lk 2:14. Cp. 19:38; Ro 11:36; 16:27; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20; 2 Ti 4:18 (perh. Christ as referent); Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 1 Cl 20:12; 50:7 al.; τιμὴ καὶ δ. 1 Ti 1:17 (s. also above as extra-biblical formulation, esp. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37); cp. Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13; 7:12. Doxologies to Christ 2 Pt 3:18; Rv 1:6; εἰς (τὴν) δ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ to the praise of God Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 1:11; 2:11; cp. Ro 3:7. Also πρὸ δ. 2 Cor 1:20; πρὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου (Christ) δ. 8:19. Hence the expr. δ. διδόναι τῷ θεῷ praise God (Bar 2:17f; 1 Esdr 9:8; 4 Macc 1:12): in thanksgiving Lk 17:18; Rv 19:7; as a form of relig. devotion: Ac 12:23; Ro 4:20; Rv 4:9; 11:13; 14:7; 16:9; as an adjuration δὸς δ. τῷ θεῷ give God the praise by telling the truth J 9:24.—GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Leipzig 1929; LChampion, Benedictions and Doxologies in the Epistles of Paul ’35; MPamment, The Meaning of δόξα in the Fourth Gospel: ZNW 74, ’83, 12–16, God’s glory is manifested through the gift of Jesus’ voluntary self-surrender on the cross.

④ a transcendent being deserving of honor, majestic being, by metonymy (cp. Diod S 15, 58, 1 of citizens who stood out from among all others in ἐξουσίαι καὶ δόξαι=offices and honors) of angelic beings (s. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45; PGM 1, 199) δόξαι majestic (heavenly) beings Jd 8; 2 Pt 2:10 (s. also Ex 15:11 LXX; TestJud 25:2 αἱ δυνάμεις τ. δόξης. Also the magical text in Rtzst., Poim. p. 28 [VI 17] χαιρέτωσάν σου αἱ δόξαι (practically = δυνάμει) εἰς αἰῶνα, κύριε). Cp. JSickenberger, Engelsoder Teufelslästerer? Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 621ff. The mng. majesties and by metonymy illustrious persons is also prob.—On the whole word Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 289; 314f; 344; 355ff; AvGall, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes 1900; IAbrahams, The Glory of God 1925.—AForster, The Mng. of Δόξα in the Greek Bible: ATR 12, 1929/1930, 311ff; EOwen, Δόξα and Cognate Words: JTS 33, ’32, 139–50; 265–79; CMohrmann, Note sur doxa: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 321–28; LBrockington, LXX Background to the NT Use of δ., Studies in the Gospels in memory of RLightfoot ’55, 1–8.—HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 97ff; GWetter, D. Verherrlichung im Joh.-ev.: Beitr. z. Rel.-wiss. II 1915, 32–113, Phos 1915; RLloyd, The Word ‘Glory’ in the Fourth Gospel: ET 43, ’32, 546–48; BBotte, La gloire du Christ dans l’Evangile de S. Jean: Quest. liturgiques 12, 1927, 65ff; HPass, The Glory of the Father; a Study in St John 13–17, ’35; WThüsing, Die Erhöhung u. Verherrlichung Jesu im J, ’60.—GKittel, D. Rel. gesch. u. d. Urchristentum ’32, 82ff; JSchneider, Doxa ’32; HKittel, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes ’34; MGreindl, Κλεος, Κυδος, Ευχος, Τιμη, Φατις, Δοξα, diss. Munich ’38; AVermeulen, Semantic Development of Gloria in Early-Christian Latin ’56.—RAC IV 210–16; XI 196–225.—B. 1144f. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28, s. δοκέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.