ἀποστερεῖσθαι

ἀποστερέω

rob: fut inf mid (attic epic)

ἀποστερέω

rob: pres inf mp (attic epic)

ἀποστερέω

rob: fut inf mid (attic epic)

ἀποστερέω

rob: pres inf mp (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: fut ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres opt mp 2nd pl (epic ionic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθαι, ἀποστερέω

rob: fut inf mid (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθαι, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres inf mp (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: fut ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres opt mp 2nd pl (epic ionic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθαι, ἀποστερέω

rob: fut inf mid (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθαι, ἀποστερέω

rob: pres inf mp (attic epic)

ἀποστερεῖσθε, ἀποστερέω

rob: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

     φιλοτιμία

     φιλο-τῑμία

    ἥ

    1) честолюбие, гордость Her.

    

φ. τινός и ἐπί τινι Plat., ὑπέρ τινος, περί и πρός τι Polyb. — честолюбивое рвение к чему-л.;

    2) соревнование, соперничество

    

(φιλονεικίαι καὴ φιλοτιμίαι Plat.; φθόνος καὴ φ. Isocr., Plut.)

    3) честолюбивая расточительность Dem.

    

φιλοτιμίας τὸν δῆμον ἀναλαμβάνειν Plut. — щедротами привлекать к себе народ;

    4) честь, почет

    

(φιλοτιμίαν κτᾶσθαι Aeschin.)

μή, Elean [full] μά [pron. full] [ᾱ] SIG9.5 (Olympia, vi B.C.). (Cf. Skt.

A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)

A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,

1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,

μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32

, al.; 3 pers.,

μή μευ πειράτω 9.345

, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,

μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410

, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,

μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870

; 3 pers.,

μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301

, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;

μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73

, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,

μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272

; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,

μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415

.

2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,

μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684

, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;

μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c

: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,

μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211

; 3 pers.,

μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37

, cf. Od.22.213;

μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24

: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj.,

μὴ κάμνῃς E.IA 1143

(leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;

μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109

, etc.: [tense] aor.

μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11

, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,

μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26

, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).

b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356;

αἷμα μὴ σοῖς ἐξομόρξωμαι πέπλοις E.HF 1399

: in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps,

μὴ ἀγροικότερον ᾖ τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν Pl.Grg. 462e

, cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,

μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27

.

3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),

μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13

; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.

μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488

.

4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,

μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698

, cf. Od. 11.548;

μή ποτ' ὤφελον λιπεῖν τὴν Σκῦρον S.Ph. 969

;

εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217

(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.

5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,

ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426

, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,

μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386

, cf. 403, 11.613.

6 in oaths and asseverations,

ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330

;

ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41

;

μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000

, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.

7 c. inf., when used as imper.,

μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501

;

μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413

;

οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712

.

8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;

μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179

.

B in DEPENDENT clauses:

1 with Final Conjs.,

ἵνα μή Il.19.348

, etc.;

ὅπως μή D.27.5

,al.;

ὡς μή Il.8.37

, A.Pr.53,al.;

ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118

,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,

ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178

, Pl.Grg. 481a;

ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749

, Hdt.1.5; but

b μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,

ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522

, cf. 587;

λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147

: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).

2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.

b ὅτι μή except,

ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18

, cf. Th.4.26;

ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a

; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.

3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,

ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18

, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;

ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3

, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that,

ὅτι μὴ ἐστὶν ἐπίπεδος οὕτως ἂν καταμάθοιμεν Cleom.1.8

, cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.

4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583;

λόγοις τοιούτοις οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων Id.Ant. 691

;

ὅπου μὴ ἠθέλησεν Antipho 1.7

: freq. with subj.,

ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165

, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,

ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19

, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.

5 c. inf.,

a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε or

ὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725

(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,

τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60

;

τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86

, cf. 749, Pr. 624;

λείπομαι ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι S.OC 496

.

b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,

ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500

(without μή ib. 450);

ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12

([etym.] μηδέν)

; ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49

, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ)

; ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34

, And.4.9;

ἀπειπεῖν Ar.Av. 557

, D.33.19, etc.;

ἀπαυδᾶν Ar.Eq. 1072

;

ἀπείργειν E.Hel. 1559

, al. (without

μή S.Aj.70

);

ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40

;

ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34

;

ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1

([etym.] μηδέ)

; ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32

([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;

ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b

;

σχεῖν Hdt.1.158

; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634;

κωλῦσαι E.Ph. 1269

;

ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17

: in these cases the Art. freq. precedes

μή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101

; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also

ἀπέφυγε τὰ σφῷν τὸ μὴ πίτνειν κακῶς S.OC 1740

(lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.

c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;

μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11

, D.45.15, etc.;

ὁμολογῶ Pl.Prt. 336b

, Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;

ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18

, Pl.Prt. 336d;

πέπεισμαι Id.Ap. 37a

, etc.;

πιστεύω And.1.2

, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,

φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39

, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102;

ἡγοῦμαι Pl.Ap. 27d

: very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.

6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,

ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828

(lyr.);

ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e

;

τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65

;

τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27

, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,

μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289

, etc.;

ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4

;

ἑτέρας μηδεμιᾶς ὁμολογουμένης εἶναι Is.5.16

;

μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8

: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.

7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,

τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432

;

δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78

(lyr.);

τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682

(lyr.);

τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370

(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;

ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c

; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;

ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b

;

νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903

, cf. Th. 411;

τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012

, cf. Ag. 349, 927.

8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):

a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;

ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a

: more freq. with [tense] aor.,

δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555

, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been,

δέδοικα μὴ περαιτέρω πεπραγμέν' ᾖ μοι S. Tr. 663

, cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.

b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used,

εἰσόρα μὴ σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν τίθης S.El. 584

, cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;

ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b

, cf. E.Hel. 119;

φοβούμεθα μὴ ἀμφοτέρων ἡμαρτήκαμεν Th.3.53

, cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;

δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300

.

c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.

C in QUESTIONS:

I direct questions,

1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.

b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν

2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.

II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),

ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98

, cf. 101, Od.21.395;

περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898

, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,

ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5

.

2 in questions introduced by

εἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36

( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,

τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14

.

D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,

ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961

; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.

2 μή is sts. repeated,

μή, μή καλέσῃς Ar.V. 1418

, cf. S. Aj. 190, OC 210 (both lyr.).

E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,

μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962

;

μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400

;

μὴ 'γώ Id.Ph. 910

: in Prose,

μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11

: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,

μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85

, etc.

F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order.

πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, [dialect] Aeol. [full] παῖς,

A

παῖσα Sapph.Supp.13.8

,21.2, 20a.14, Alc.Supp.12.6, 25.8 ; Cret., Thess., Arc. fem. [full] πάνσα GDI 4976 ([place name] Gortyn), IG9(2).234.2 (Pharsalus, iii B.C.), 5(2).343.16 (Orchom. Arc., iv B. C.): gen. παντός, πάσης, παντός : gen. pl. masc. and neut. πάντων, fem. πᾱσῶν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. πᾱσέων, [dialect] Ep. also πᾱσάων [σᾱ] Od.6.107 : dat. pl. masc. and neut. πᾶσι, [dialect] Ep. and Delph.

πάντεσσι Il.14.246

, IG22.1126.22,44; also [dialect] Locr.

πάντεσιν Berl.Sitzb.1927.8

(V B.C.); Delph.

πάντεσι SIG452.5

(iii B.C.);

πάντοις GDI2652

(Delph., ii B.C.), Tab.Defix.Aud. 75.8: πᾶν as acc. masc. in LXX, π. ἄνδρα, οἰκέτην, οἶκον, 1 Ki.11.8, Ex. 12.44, Je.13.11. [[dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol. πάν [ᾰ] Hdn.Gr.2.12, Pi.O.2.85, Sapph. Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 5,al., and [dialect] Att. in compds., as ἅπᾰν, πάμπᾰν, etc. (but in compds. sts. long in [dialect] Att., AB416).]—Coll. Pron., when used of a number, all; when of one only, the whole; of the several persons in a number, every.

I in pl., all,

πάντες τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι Il.8.5

, etc. ; πάντες ὅσοι .. Od.1.11, etc. ; πάντας ᾧ ἂνπεριτυγχάνῃ, for ὅσοις ἄν, Pl.R. 566d : also with the Art., v.infr. B.

2 strengthd. by Advbs., ἅμα πάντες all together, Il.24.253, etc. ;

πάντες ἅμα 1.495

(in Prose commonly ἅπαντες, but not always, v. Hdt.9.23, X.Cyr.1.3.10, etc.): with a collect. noun,

ἅμα πᾶς ὁ δῆμος D.H.2.14

;

πάντες ὁμῶς Il.15.98

;

ὁμοῦ πάντες S.El. 715

;

πάντα μάλα Il.22.115

, Od.5.216, etc. ;

πάντες ὁμοίως D.20.85

, etc.

3 with [comp] Sup., πάντες ἄριστοι all the noblest, Il.9.3, Od.4.272, etc.

4 consisting or composed wholly of, i.e. nothing but, only,

φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων Pl. R. 579b

;

ἐκ πασῶν δυνάμεων συνεστώς Corp.Herm. 13.2

; cf.11.2.

II sg., all, the whole,

πᾶς δ' ἄρα χαλκῷ λάμπε Il.11.65

, cf. 13.191 ; πᾶσα ὕλη all the wood, Hes.Op. 511, cf. Th. 695, etc. ; πᾶσα ἀληθείη all the truth, Il.24.407, Od.11.507; τὴν φάτνην ἐοῦσαν χαλκέην πᾶσαν all of bronze, Hdt.9.70 ; ἦν ἡ μάχη καρτερὰ καὶ ἐν χερσὶ πᾶσα, ἦν γὰρ τὸ χωρίον πρόσαντες πᾶν, Th.4.43, etc. ; πᾶν κράτος the whole power, sovereign power, S.Ph. 142 (lyr.);

τὸ πᾶν κράτος Hdt.6.35

;

μετὰ πάσης ἀδείας D.18.305

;

πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phdr. 240a

; πᾶσαι δ' ὠΐγνυντο πύλαι, πᾶσαι γὰρ ἐπῴχατο [πύλαι], the whole gate was open (shut), i.e. the gate was wide open, quite shut, Il.2.809, 12.340, as expld. by Aristarch. ; v. infr. B.

2 as in 1.4, with attraction, ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, ἡ πᾶσα βλάβη who is nought but mischief, S.El. 301, cf. Ph. 622, 927.

III every,

οἱ δ' ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες.. πᾶς πέτεται Il.16.265

, cf. Od.13.313, S.El. 972, E.Ba. 1131, 1135 ; ἄκουε πᾶς, = ἀκούετε πάντες, Ar.Th. 372;

πᾶς χώρει Id. Pax 555

: with partit. gen., παντὶ βροτῶν (v.l. βροτῷ) Pi.O.1.100;

πᾶς τοῦτό γ' Ἑλλήνων θροεῖ S.OC 597

;

τῶν ἀνθρώπων πᾶς D.Chr.3.70

; also

πᾶς ἀνήρ S.Aj. 1366

, Ar.Ra. 1125, etc. ;

πᾶσα ἀνθρώπου ψυχή Pl.Phdr. 249e

: with the Art., v. infr. B; πᾶς τις every single one, Thgn.621, Hdt.1.50, 3.79, S.Aj.28, etc. ;

πᾶς τις βροτῶν Id.El. 984

, cf.OC25, etc. ; πᾶς ὅστις .. Id.Aj. 1413 ; πᾶν ὅσον .. A.Pr. 787, etc.

2 less freq., any one,

τὸ μὲν ἐπιτιμᾶν.. φήσαιτις ἂν.. παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16

;

παντὸς ἀνδρός [ἐστι] γνῶναι Pl. Ion 532e

;

χαλεπόν τι καὶ οὐχὶ παντός Id.Alc.1.129a

; παντὸς ἀκούοντος .. when any one hears.., Ev.Matt.13.19 ; ἀμήχανον δὲ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐκμαθεῖν ψυχήν any man's soul, S.Ant. 175 ; πάντων ἀποστερεῖσθαι λυπηρόν to be deprived of anything, D.18.5 ; cf. D. 111.2, VI.

B with the Art., in the sense of all, the whole, when the Subst. is to be strongly specified, πᾶς being put either before the Art. or after the Subst., πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν all his force, Hdt.1.214 ;

τὰ ἀγαθὰ πάντα X.An.3.1.20

(s. v. l.): with abstract Nouns and others which require the Art.,

πάντα τὰ μέλλοντα A.Pr. 101

;

πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν Th.6.87

; τὰ τῆς πόλεως π. all the affairs of state, Lys. 19.48, etc.: emphatically,

τὰς νέας τὰς πάσας Hdt.7.59

.

II πᾶς is put between the Art. and Subst., to denote totality (V. A. 11),

ὁ πᾶς ἀριθμός A.Pers. 339

;

τὴν πᾶσαν ἵππον Hdt.1.80

;

τὸ πᾶν πλῆθος Th.8.93

; οἱ πάντες ἄνθρωποι absolutely all.., X.An.5.6.7, etc. ; so πᾶν the neut.with the Art. itself becomes a Subst., τὸ πᾶν the whole, A.Pr. 275, 456, etc., v. infr. D. IV; τὰ πάντα the whole, Id.Eu.415 ; τοῖς πᾶσιν in all points, Th.2.64, 5.28 ; οἱ πάντες all of them, Hdt.1.80 ; but also, the community, opp. οἱ ὀλίγοι, Th.4.86 ; ἡ μὲν [τάξις] πάντα ἕν, ἡ δὲ πάντα ὅλον, ἡ δὲ πάντα πᾶν all things as a unity, as a totality, as an integral sum, Dam.Pr. 206.

C with Numerals to mark an exact number, ἐννέα πάντες full nine, Od.8.258, cf. 24.60 ;

ἐννέα πάντ' ἔτεα Hes. Th. 803

;

δέκα πάντα τάλαντα Il.19.247

, etc. ; but

κτήνεα τὰ θύσιμα πάντα τρισχίλιαἔθυσε 3

, 000 of all kinds, Hdt.1.50 ; τὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα.. ἐδωρήσατο πᾶσι δέκα with ten presents of all kinds, Id.4.88 ;

Παυσανίῃ πάντα δέκα ἐξαιρέθη Id.9.81

;

τὰ πάντα μυρία Id.3.74

;

πάντα θύειν ἑκατόν Pi.Fr. 170

;

πάντα χίλια ἔθυεν Porph.Abst.2.60

.

II with the Art., in all,

οἱ πάντες.. εἷς καὶ ἐνενήκοντα Hdt.9.70

, cf. 1.214, Th.1.60, 3.85, etc. ;

τριήρεις.. τὰς πάσας ἐς διακοσίας Id.1.100

, cf. 7.1 ;

ἐν εἴκοσι ταῖς πάσαις ἡμέραις Arr.An.1.11.5

.

D Special Usages: in dat. pl. masc. πᾶσι, with or in the judgement of all, Il.2.285, S.OC 1446 ;

ὁ πᾶσι κλεινός Id.OT8

; κράτιστον πᾶσιν Οἰδίπου κάρα ib.40.

2 fem. pl., ἔδοξε πάσαις (sc. ταῖς ψήφοις ) carried unanimously, IG12(3).168.14 (Astypalaea, ii/i B. C.), cf. Luc. Bis Acc. 18,22.

II neut. pl. πάντα all kinds of things, Hom., freq. in phrase δαίδαλα πάντα, Il.5.60,al. ;

οἰωνοῖσι πᾶσι 1.5

.

2 πάντα γιγνόμενος becoming all things, i. e. assuming every shape, Od.4.417.

3 πάντα εἶναί τινι to be everything to one,

ἦν οἱ.. τὰ πάντα ἡ Κυνώ Hdt.1.122

; ἦσάν οἱ πάντα —ἅπαντα codd.)

αἱ Συρήκουσαι Id.7.156

;

Εὔβοια αὐτοῖς πάντα ἦν Th.8.95

;

πάντ' ἐκεῖνος ἦν αὐτοῖς D.18.43

; π. ἦν Ἀλέξανδρος (sc. ὑμῖν) Id.23.120 ; π. εἶναι ἔν τισι to be all in all among them, Hdt.3.157.

4 πάντα as Adv. for πάντως, in all points, entirely, wholly,

π. νοήμονες Od.13.209

;

π. γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι 8.214

;

ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις S.El. 301

;

τῷ πάντ' ἀγαθῷ Id.Aj. 1415

(anap.);

τὸν πάντ' ἄριστον Id.OC 1458

;

πάντ' ἐπιστήμης πλέων Id.Ant. 721

(hence παντάγαθος, παντάριστος, etc. as compd. words); τὰ πολλὰ π. almost throughout, Hdt.5.67, cf. 1.203, 2.35 ; but τὰ π. in every way, by all means, altogether, Id.5.97 ;

οἰόμενοι τὰ π. νικᾶν X. An.2.1.1

;

ὁ τὰ π. φιλαίτατος Theoc.7.98

; also ἐς τὰ π. Th.4.81 ; κατὰ π. ibid., Pl.Ti. 30d.

III neut. sg., τὸ πᾶν the whole (V. B. 11),

περὶ τοῦ π. δρόμον θέειν Hdt.8.74

;

πολλοῦ γε καὶ τοῦ π. ἐλλείπω A. Pr. 961

;

τοῦ π. ἡμαρτηκέναι Pl.Phdr. 235e

; ἄξιοι τοῦ π. Id.Sph. 216c ; τὸ πᾶν as Adv., completely, altogether, A.Supp. 781 (lyr.), S.El. 1009, Pl.Lg. 959a, etc. (but, for all that, nevertheless, A.D.Synt.188.27): with neg., at all,

οὐκ ἠξίωσαν οὐδὲ προσβλέψαι τὸ πᾶν A.Pr. 217

, etc. ; also πᾶν alone, Hdt.1.32, etc.

b in Philos., τὸ πᾶν the universe, Emp.13, Pythag. ap. Arist.Cael. 268a11, Pl.Ti. 28c, 30b, etc.; including τὸ κενόν (opp. τὸ ὅλον), Placit.2.1.7 ; also, Pythag. name for ten, Iamb. in Nic.p.118P., Theol.Ar.59.

c τῷ παντί in every point, altogether, X.HG7.5.12, etc.

d τὸ π., = μολυβδόχαλκος, Ps.- Democr. Alch.p.56 B., Maria ap.Zos.Alch.p.192 B.

2 πᾶν anything,

πᾶν μᾶλλον ἢ στρατιήν οἱ ἐδίδου Hdt.4.162

; εἴη δ' ἂν πᾶν anything is possible, ib. 195 ; πᾶν ποιῶν by any means whatever, Pl.Ap. 39a (also πᾶν ποιεῖν καὶ λέγειν ibid. ; πᾶν ποιεῖν ὥστε .. Id.Phd. 114c), cf. Pi.I. 4(3).48 ;

πᾶν ἂν ἔπραξαν Lys.9.16

: more freq. in pl.,

πάντα ποιῶν Id.12.84

, D.21.2 ; π. ποιεῖν ὅπως .. X.HG7.4.21 ;

πάντα τολμῶν S.OC 761

; cf. A. 111.2.

3 ἐπὶ πᾶν on the whole, in general, Pl.Lg. 875d ;

ὡς ἐπὶ πᾶν εἰπεῖν Id.Euthd. 279e

, etc.;

τὸ πρὸς ἅπαν ξυνετὸν ἐπὶ πᾶν ἀργόν Th.3.82

.

4 παντὸς μᾶλλον more than anything, i. e. above all, Pl.Cri. 49b, Prt. 344b, Grg. 527b ;

π. μᾶλλον οὐ Id.Phdr. 228d

: in answers, π. γε μᾶλλον quite so, Id.Phd. 67b.

IV with Preps.,

εἰς πᾶν προελήλυθε μοχθηρίας D.3.3

; ἐς τὸ πᾶν altogether, A.Ag. 682 (lyr.), Eu.52,83 ; ἐν παντὶ ἀθυμίας εἶναι to be in utter despair, Th.7.55 : more freq. ἐν παντὶ εἶναι, ἐν παντὶ κακοῦ εἶναι, to be in great danger or fear, Pl.Smp. 194a, R. 579b ;

ἐν π. γενέσθαι Id.Euthd. 301a

;

ἐμ παντὶ ἐοῦσα IG42(1).122.27

(Epid., iv B. C.); ἐν παντὶ εἶναι μή .. to be in great fear lest.., X.HG5.4.29 ;

ἐς πᾶν κακοῦ ἀπίκατο Hdt.7.118

;

ἐς πᾶν ἀφικέσθαι X.HG6.1.12

;

εἰς πᾶν ἐλθεῖν D.54.13

; ἐπὶ πᾶσιν in all things,

καιρὸς δ' ἐπὶ π. ἄριστος Hes.Op. 694

; but also, finally, Philostr.VS2.11.1, al. ; περὶ παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι esteem above all,X.HG7.1.26, An.1.9.16 ; πρὸ παντὸς εὔχεσθαι wish above all, Pl.Phdr. 239e ; διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου) for ever, continually, S.Aj. 705 (lyr.), Th.1.38, etc. ; also, altogether, Pl.R. 407d ;

διὰ πάντων Id.Sph. 254b

; ὁ κατὰ πάντων λόγος the common formula, PMag.Par.1.2186 ; ἡ κ. π. τελετή ib.1596, PMag.Lond. 121.872 ; μέχρι παντός for ever, Str.8.6.18 ;

εἰς τὸ πᾶν ἀεί A.Ch. 684

;

ἐς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου Id.Eu. 670

.

V διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν.

VI οὐ πᾶς not any, i.e. none, LXX Ps.142(143).2, Ev.Luc.1.37, Ep.Gal.2.16, al. ; ἄνευ πάσης ταραχῆς without any disturbance, D.S.15.87.

------------------------------------

πᾶς (B), Cypr.,

A = παῖς, Inscr.Cypr. 106, 210 H.

------------------------------------

πᾶς (C),

A = πατήρ (Syracus.), EM651.7.

φῐλοτῑμ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, ἡ,

A love of honour or distinction, ambition, freq. in bad sense in early writers, Pi.Fr. 210, E.IA 527, Ar.Th. 383, Arist.EN 1125b22;

κακίστη δαιμόνων Φ. E.Ph. 532

;

ἄκαιρος Isoc.Ep.2.9

;

πλεονεξία καὶ φ. Th.3.82

; with φιλονικία, Pl.Lg. 860e; also in good sense, Isoc.5.110, X.Mem.3.3.13, Hier.7.3, Pl.R. 553c: the object is added in gen., φ. τῶν καλῶν ib. 555a, cf. X.Cyr.8.1.35; also

φ. ἐπὶ τοῖς καλοῖς Pl.Smp. 178d

; ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων, περί τι, Plb.1.52.4, 5.71.6;

πρὸς τὰ καλά Id.6.55.4

, cf. Pl.Lg. 834b; but φ. πρός τινα ambitious rivalry with him,

ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους φ. καὶ στάσις Plb.4.87.7

(but αἱ πρὸς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς φ. is f.l. for φιλονικίαι (ap.Stob.) in Isoc.3.18); φ. ἐμβάλλειν τινί, ὅπως .. X. Cyr.8.1.39: freq. with Preps.,

διὰ φιλοτιμίαν Pl.R. 586c

, Isoc.5.86, etc.;

φιλοτιμίας ἕνεκα Lys.19.56

;

ὑπὸ φιλοτιμίας Pl.Phdr. 257c

, etc.; simply

φιλοτιμίᾳ D.2.18

;

φ. τινὶ καὶ φιλονεικίᾳ Plu.2.856a

: pl., jealousies, rivalries,

κατ' ἰδίας φ. Th.8.89

;

φιλονικίαι καὶ φ. Pl.R. 548c

, etc.;

αἱ φ. τῶν συγγραφέων

party-feelings,

Plb.3.21.10

.

2 conceited obstinacy,

ἡ φ. κτῆμα σκαιόν Hdt.3.53

;

ὑπὸ φιλοτιμίας, ἣν ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ νῦν Ἕλληνες κενοδοξίαν Gal.6.415

.

3 ambitious display, ostentation,

πλούτου Lys.33.2

: but freq.

4 lavish outlay for public purposes, munificence,

ἡ πρὸς ὑμᾶς φ. Aeschin.3.19

, cf. POxy. 1153.16 (i A. D.), Dacia 1.273 ([place name] Tomi), BCH51.99 ([place name] Panamara), etc.: pl., occasions for munificence, Plu.Nic.3.

II the object coveted, honour, distinction, credit,

ἔστιν τὸ γράμμα ἐκείνῳ μὲν φ. πρὸς ὑμᾶς D.20.69

;

φ. παρέχειν τινί X.Hier.1.27

; ἐκείνῳ ἔχει φ. is to his credit, D.2.3;

ψευδῆ φ. κτᾶται Aeschin.3.45

;

ἑνὶ τὴν φ. συνεχώρησεν Plu. Phoc.20

; both in sg. and pl., ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῆς φιλοτιμίας or τῶν -ιῶν, D.24.210, 19.223, cf. 24.91 (pl.); στέφανος φιλοτιμίας διὰ βίου, as an honour, Rev.Arch.22(1925).62 ([place name] Callatis); φιλοτιμίας χρυσίον charitable fund, ib.34(1931).347 ([place name] Stobi).

III punningly, the conduct of one Philotimus, Cic.Att.6.9.2, 7.1.1.

P. and V. ἀπολλύναι, ἀμαρτάνειν (gen.) (rare P.), σφάλλεσθαι (gen.). Ar. and P. ἀποβάλλειν, P. διαμαρτάνειν (gen.), V. ὀλλύναι, ἀμπλακεῖν ( 2nd aor. infin.) (gen.).

Lose ( by death): P. and V. ἀπολλύναι (Eur., Hel. 408). Ar. and P. ἀποβάλλειν, V. ἀμαρτάνειν (gen.), ἀμπλακεῖν ( 2nd aor. infin.) (gen.). σφάλλεσθαι (gen.).

Lose an opportunity: P. παριέναι καιρόν, ἀφιέναι καιρόν.

Be deprived of: P. and V. ἀποστερεῖσθαι (gen.); see Deprive.

Be driven from: P. and V. ἐκπίπτειν (ἐκ gen.; V. gen. alone). V. ἐκπίτνειν (gen.).

Lose a battle: P. and V. ἡσσᾶσθαι.

Lose in addition: Ar. and P. προσαποβάλλειν (Xen.).

Lose one's case: Ar. and P. δίκην ὀφλισκάνειν.

Lose one's senses: P. and V. ἐξίστασθαι; see be mad.

Lose one's temper: P. and V. ὀργῇ ἐκφέρεσθαι.

Lose one's way: P. and V. πλανᾶσθαι, P. διαμαρτάνειν τῆς ὁδοῦ, Ar. τῆς ὁδοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν.

Lose sight of land: P. ἀποκρύπτειν γῆν (Plat.).

Suffer loss: P. ἐλασσοῦσθαι, P. and V. ζημιοῦσθαι.

The losing side: P. and V. οἱ ἥσσονες, V. οἱ λελειμμένοι.

Be lost, disappear: P. and V. ἀφανίζεσθαι, ἀφανὴς γίγνεσθαι.

Be ruined: P. and V. σφάλλεσθαι, ἀπολωλέναι (Eur., Phoen. 922) (perf. of ἀπολλύναι), ἐξολωλέναι (Plat.) (perf. of ἐξολλύναι), V. ὀλωλέναι (perf. of ὀλλύναι), διαπεπορθῆσθαι (perf. pass. of διαπορθεῖν), ἔρρειν (rare P.); see be undone (Undone).

They thought that all was lost: P. τοῖς ὅλοις ἡσσᾶσθαι ἐνόμιζον (Dem. 127).

All was lost: P. and V. ἅπαντʼ ἀπώλετο.

Why are you lost in thought: V. τί... ἐς φροντίδας ἀπῆλθες (Eur., Ion, 583).

Give oneself up for lost: P. προΐεσθαι ἑαυτόν.

ἀλήθεια, ας, ἡ (cp. λανθάνω ‘escape notice’ s. DELG s.v. λανθάνω; Schwyzer I 469; Hom. +) prim. ‘hiding nothing’.

① the quality of being in accord with what is true, truthfulness, dependability, uprightness in thought and deed (Alcaeus 57 [366 L.-P.]; Mimnermus 8 al.) of God (Gen 24:27 al.) Ro 3:7; 15:8. Of people (Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78; Arrian, Anab. 7, 30, 3; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 11, 6; 4 Km 20:3; Judg 9:15f al.; EpArist 206) ἐν ἀ. λαλεῖν speak truthfully 2 Cor 7:14; (w. εἰλικρίνεια) 1 Cor 5:8; (w. ἀγαθωσύνη and δικαιοσύνη) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 19:1; 31:2; 35:2; Pol 2:1; ἐν πάσῃ ἀ. w. perfect fidelity 4:2.—Hm 8:9; 12, 3, 1; Hs 9, 15, 2.

② the content of what is true, truth (opp. ψεῦδος)

ⓐ gener. ἀ. λαλεῖν tell the truth (Zech 8:16) Eph 4:25; Hm 3:5; 2 Cl 12:3. ἀ. λέγειν (Hdt. 2, 115 al.; PGiss 84, 14 [II A.D.] τὴν ἀ. εἰπεῖν) Ro 9:1; 1 Ti 2:7. Fut. ἀ. ἐρῶ 2 Cor 12:6. ἀ. ἀγαπᾶν Hm 3:1. Opp. ψεύδεσθαι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. lie against the truth Js 3:14; εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ. she told him the whole truth Mk 5:33 (cp. Hdt. 9, 89; Thu. 6, 87, 1 al.; Cleopatra ln. 88; POxy 283, 13f [45 A.D.] γνωσθῆναι πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.; Jos., Bell. 7, 31 πυθόμενος παρʼ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.). ἐν λόγῳ ἀληθείας by truthful speech 2 Cor 6:7; ῥήματα ἀληθείας Ac 26:25; μόρφωσις τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀ. embodiment of knowledge and truth Ro 2:20; ἡ ἁγνότης τῆς ἀ. the purity that belongs to truth Hv 3, 7, 3. ἔξωθεν τῆς ἀ.=ψευδής 3, 4, 3.

ⓑ esp. of the content of Christianity as the ultimate truth (cp. Plut., Mor. 351e ἀ. περὶ θεῶν; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 178, the proselyte is a μεταναστὰς εἰς ἀ.) Eph 4:21 (CScott, Exp. 8th ser. 3, 1912, 178–85; FBriggs, ET 39, 1928, 526). ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. the word of truth Eph 1:13; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18. ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς Col 1:5; cp. 2 Pt 1:12. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Gal 2:5, 14. ἔστιν ἀ. Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοί 2 Cor 11:10. ὁ περὶ ἀ. λόγος Pol 3:2; πείθεσθαι τῇ ἀ. Gal 5:7; πιστεύειν τῇ ἀ. 2 Th 2:12; hence πίστει ἀληθείας belief in the truth vs. 13; δύνασθαί τι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. … ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:8; περιπατεῖν ἐν ἀ. 2J 4; 3J 3f (cp. 4 Km 20:3); ζῆν κατὰ ἀ. IEph 6:2; πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀ. Pol 5:2; ἐν ἀ. (3 Km 2:4) Hm 3:4; gird oneself w. truth Eph 6:14; cp. Hm 11:4.—Truth expresses itself in virtues like righteousness and holiness, Eph 4:24 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 67, 1 Jac. δικαιοσύνην κ. ἀλ.). Hence it is contrasted w. ἀδικία 1 Cor 13:6; Ro 1:18; 2:8. In the last-named passage a negative attitude toward the truth is called ἀπειθεῖν τῇ ἀ. Also πλανᾶσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. wander from the truth Js 5:19; ἀστοχεῖν περὶ τὴν ἀ. 2 Ti 2:18; καταστρέφειν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. Hs 6, 2, 1, cp. 4; ἀποστρέφειν τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. 2 Ti 4:4 opp. μῦθοι, cp. ἀποστρέφεσθαι Tit 1:14; ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῆς ἀ. 1 Ti 6:5; ἐρευνᾶν περὶ τῆς ἀ. make inquiries about the truth Hm 10, 1, 4; 6; ἀνθίστασθαι τῇ ἀ. oppose the truth (i.e. the gospel) 2 Ti 3:8. Opp. μῦθοι 4:4. Truth can be communicated (cp. Did., Gen. 86, 21): φανερώσει τῆς ἀ. by a clear statement of the truth 2 Cor 4:2 (sim. in later Christian prayer POxy 925, 4f φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλ.); is taught D 11:10; recognized 1 Ti 4:3; Hv 3, 6, 2; cp. ἐπίγνωσις τῆς ἀληθείας (Alex. Aphr., Quaest. 3, 12, II 2 p. 102, 3 γνῶσις τ. ἀληθείας) 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 2:25; 3:7; Tit 1:1; Hb 10:26; ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀ.1 Ti 3:15; ὁδὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Pt 2:2; 1 Cl 35:5 (cp. Pind., P. 3, 103; Eur., Fgm. 289; Gen 24:48 al.; En 104:13; OdeSol 11:3); ὑπακοὴ τῆς ἀ. 1 Pt 1:22; ἀγάπη τῆς ἀ. 2 Th 2:10. God is πατὴρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cl 3:1; 20:5; φῶς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (cp. Ps 42:3); θεὸς τῆς ἀ. (1 Esdr 4:40) 2 Cl 19:1; cp. 1 Cl 60:2. The reverse genitival constr. in ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:25, is best rendered truth about God (so Twentieth Century NT, NRSV) as opp. to the deception of polytheists, who in effect lie about God despite their better knowledge described vss. 19–21 (REB et al.: truth of God).—Ἀ. is a favorite word of the Joh. lit., and plays a major role in it. God’s word is truth J 17:17 (Ps 118:142). Truth w. χάρις 1:14, 17; w. πνεῦμα 4:23f; cp. ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ ἀ. 1J 3:18 (opp. λόγῳ, γλώσσῃ). W. ἀγάπη 2J 3. The Spirit leads into truth J 16:13; hence πνεῦμα τῆς ἀ. 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1J 4:6 (cp. Hm 3:4). πνεῦμα is identified w. ἀ. 1J 5:6; it is mediated through Christ J 1:17, who calls himself truth 14:6 (cp. PGM 5, 148 ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια, on the other hand POxy 1380, 63 [early II A.D.] Isis is called ἀ.; Apollonaretal. Berl. Gr. Pap. 11517 [II A.D.]: Her 55, 1920, 188–95 ln. 52 Apollo as the ἀψευδὴς ἀ.; M. Ant., 9, 1, 2 God=Nature ἀλήθεια ὀνομάζεται; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 61 says of a good history-writer: ἦν ἀλήθεια ἐπὶ πᾶσι); hence as source of praise for a Christian Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται … ὑπʼ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. 3J 12. One who possesses Christ knows truth (γινώσκ. τὴν ἀ. as Jos., Ant. 13, 291; Tat. 13, 1; ἀληθείας γνῶσις: Maximus Tyr. 26, 5b; Did., Gen. 116, 17) J 8:32; (cp. 1QS 5:10); 2J 1; does the truth J 3:21, cp. 1J 1:6 (ποιεῖν τὴν ἀ. Gen 32:11; 47:29; Is 26:10 al.; TestReub 6:9; TestBenj 10:3; ἔλεος καὶ ἀ. PsSol 17:15); stands in the truth J 8:44; is of the truth 18:37; cp. 1J 2:21; 3:19 (ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας=corresponding to the truth PTurin I, 6, 13). The truth sets one free J 8:32, but is not present in those who deny the fact of sin in their lives 1J 1:8 or do not heed Christ’s commands. Christ proclaims this truth: λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 10, 124) J 8:45f; 16:7; λαλεῖν 8:40 (also λαλεῖν ἐν ἀ. IEph 6:2); μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀ. 18:37. As John the Baptist witnesses to Jesus, he witnesses to the truth 5:33; cp. μαρτυρούντων σου τῇ ἀληθείᾳ bear witness to your ( fidelity to the) truth 3J 3; ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀ. vs. 8. In Pilate’s question τί ἐστιν ἀ.; J 18:38 the worldling speaks (cp. 4 Macc 5:10). Opp. θάνατος ISm 5:1.—Mlt-Turner 177f.

③ an actual event or state, reality (Diogenes 21 p. 114, 10 al. Malherbe; Mel., P. 4, 33; 42, 289 [opp. τύπος] Diod S 2, 8, 4) as opposed to mere appearance (opp. πρόφασις) Phil 1:18. κατὰ ἀλήθειαν rightly Ro 2:2 (cp. Diod S 4, 64, 2 οἱ κατʼ ἀλήθειαν γονεῖς; M. Ant. 2, 11, 3; 4, 11; Damianus of Larissa p. 20, 2 [ed. Schöne 1897]; PCairZen 202, 7 [254 B.C.]; EpArist 140; 4 Macc 5:18; Just. A I, 2, 1; Ath., R. 66, 11; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 84; PGM 12, 235). ἐν ἀληθείᾳ indeed, truly (Jer 33:15; ἀγαπᾶν PsSol 6:6; 10:3; 14:1 al.) Mt 22:16; J 17:19; 1 Cl 63:1 (s. also 2b on 1J 3:18). ἐπιγινώσκειν τὴν χάριν ἐν ἀλ. Col 1:6; οὓς ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀλ. 2J 1, cp. 3J 1, belongs here (like the epist. formulas PFay 118, 26; 119, 26 [100–110 A.D.] τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀ.=‘really and truly’). ἐπʼ ἀληθείας in accordance w. the truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17; SIG 495, 174 [III B.C.]; PAmh 68, 33; POxy 480, 9; Job, Da; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 60; 248): διδάσκειν Mk 12:14; Lk 20:21; εἰπεῖν Mk 12:32; λέγειν Lk 4:25; συνάγεσθαι Ac 4:27; καταλαμβάνεσθαι 10:34; τελειοῦν 1 Cl 23:5; ἐπιστέλλειν 47:3; ἐπʼ ἀ. καὶ οὗτος μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἦν certainly this fellow (s. οὗτος 1aα) was with him, too Lk 22:59.—GStorz, Gebr. u. Bedeutungsentwicklg v. ἀλήθεια u. begriffsverwandten Wörtern, diss. Tüb. 1922; WLuther, ‘Wahrheit’ u. ‘Lüge’ im ältest. Griechentum ’35; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II ’66, 118–44; I de la Potterie, TU 73, ’59, 277–94 (John); BJackayya, CTM 41, ’70, 171–75 (John); RBultmann, Untersuchungen z. J. Ἀλήθεια: ZNW 27, 1928, 113–63.—EDNT. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.