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1 θῡμός
θῡμόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `spirit, courage, anger, sense' (Il.); on meaning and use in Hom. etc. Marg Charakter 47ff.; also Magnien REGr. 40, 117ff. (criticism by Wahrmann Glotta 19, 214f.).Compounds: Many compp., e. g. θυμο-βόρος `eating the heart' (Il.), θυμ-ηγερέων `collecting one's spirit, coing to one-self' (η 283; Leumann Hom. Wörter 116 n. 83, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349), θυμᾱρής, θυμήρης `delighting the heart' (Il.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann 66); πρό-θυμος (bahuvrihi) `prepared, willing' (IA) with προθυμία, - ίη (Β 588) and - έομαι (IA).Derivatives: Dimin. θυμίδιον (Ar. V. 878); adj. θυμικός and θυμώδης `passionate, vehement' (Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. θυμιάω `burn producing smoke' (s.v.) with θυμίη `incense'; 2. θυμόομαι `get angry' (IA), rarely - όω `id.' (E. Supp. 581), with θύμωμα `being angry' (A. Eu. 861, epigr.), θύμωσις `id.' (Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21); 3. θυμαίνω `be angry' (Hes. Sc. 262, Ar., A. R.).Etymology: Identical with Skt. dhūmá-, Lat. fūmus, Lith. dū́mai (pl.), OCS dymъ `smoke'; the meaning `smoke' preserved in θυμιάω. On the meaning Chantraine Formation 134 with Ernout-Meillet s. fūmus. - A variant with short u seems impossible. Wit IE ou-diphthong one cites OHG toum `steam, vapour'. Cf. 2. θύω. (DELG compares θύω 1 `s'élancer avec fureur', by mistake?)Page in Frisk: 1,693-694Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῡμός
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2 πρέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw attention, to distinguish oneself, to excel', also, mostly impers., πρέπει, `it is fitting, appropriate' (Il.).Derivatives: πρεπ-ώδης (Att.), - όντως (Pi., Att.) `fitting, appropriate', - τός ( εὔ- πρέπω) `drawing attention' (A. a.o.); often from the prefixcompp., e.g. μετα-, δια-, ἐκ-πρεπ-ής, also εὑ-, ἀρι-πρεπ-ής `striking, excelling, fitting etc..' (Il.) with εὑπρέπ-εια (Att.), - έω, - ίζω (Aq.) a.o. Here also πρέπων, - οντος m. n. of a fish (Opp., Ael.) prop. "which is fitting (for eating)"? (Strömberg Fischn. 33). -- On θεοπρόπος s. v.Etymology: Identical with Arm. erewim `become visible, appear', interpreted as * prep-. An old independent formation is Arm. eres, usu. pl. eres-k ` gen. -ac `face, appearance': IE * prep-s-ā. Celtic too seems to have maintained a derivation from this verb in OIr. richt `form, shape', Welsh rhith `species': IE *kʷr̥p-tu-. Quite uncertain is the connection of OHG furben `purify, clean'. -- The further analysis in * pr-ep- connecting IE * per- in πείρω `pierce' (as Fr. percer; Pott, Buttmann Lexil. 1, 20) or even IE per- in Lith. periù `beat' (as Fr. frapper, frappant; Grošelj Živa Ant. 6, 237 f. including πρέμνον) remains uncertain (cf. δρέπω: δέρω?); see now below. To be rejected Specht KZ 68, 124: πρέ-πω prop. *`I am the first' to πρό-μος with interchange π πρέπω μ. The comparisom with Lat. crepundia prop. *'fitting ornament' ? (Leumann Gnomon 9, 242 as uncertain supposition) cannot be combined with Arm. erewim. -- It has been argued that the root was * kʷrep- (Schindler BSL 67(1972)67; thus Clackson 1994, 165f);Page in Frisk: 2,591-592Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρέπω
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3 πρώην
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `lately, the day before yesterday' (Il.).Other forms: πρῴην (Il.), πρῶν (Call. fr., Herod.), Dor. πρώαν, πρόαν, πρᾶν (Theoc.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 250)Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πρῳηρότης m. `early plougher' (Hes.; like ὀψ-αρότης; s. ὀψέ); often in Thphr., e.g. πρωΐ-καρπος `with early fruit', comp. πρωϊκαρπό-τερος (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 162 f.).Derivatives: Besides πρωί̄ (Il.), Att. πρῴ (πρῳ̃, πρῶϊ) `early, in the morning'. -- Comp. forms: πρωΐ- ( πρῴ-)τερος, - τατος, usu. (after παλαί-τερος a.o.), - αίτερος, - αίτατος (IA.). Other derivv.: πρώϊος, πρῳ̃ος `at an early time' (Ο 470), πρωΐα f. `early time, morning' (Aristeas, NT; after ὀψία); for it youngatt. πρώ-ϊμος (X., Arist., pap. a. inscr.; Arbenz 76: ὄψιμος; also πρό-ϊμος after πρό); hell. -ϊνός (Chantraine Form. 200f.); πρωϊζά Adv. `the day before yesterday' (Β 303, to πρώην after χθιζά), `very early' (Theoc. 18, 9; to πρωΐ); πρωΐθεν `from early in the morning' (LXX).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] *prō `early, in the morning'Etymology: Both πρώην and πρωΐ presuppose an adv. *πρώ, which agrees with OHG fruo `early in the morning' and is confirmed by Skt. prā-tár `early, in the morning'. Formally identical also Lat. prō `for, before', Av. frā `forward, in front' beside fra = πρό (s.v.). -- As example of πρώην, -ᾱν may have served frozen acc. like δήν, δά̄ν, πλήν, πλά̄ν, ἀκμήν, unless one sees in these an old adj. in fem. acc.; πρῴην after πρῴ. Thus πρω-ΐ after locatives like ἦρι, πέρυσι, ἀντί; basic forms as *πρωϜαν, *πρωϜιαν, *πρωϜι (thus still Mezger Word 2, 231) are unnecessary and cannot be subtsantiated. To πρωΐ the adjective πρώϊ-ος (= OHG fruoi ' früh'; so fruo = πρωΐ?), which, taken as πρώ-ϊος, induced πρώ-ϊμος, - ινός (s. ab.). -- Further details in Schwyzer 621 f. and 461; older lit. in Bq and WP. 2, 36 (Pok. 814).Page in Frisk: 2,607-608Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρώην
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4 πί̄πτω
πί̄πτωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. πεσέομαι (ep. Ion.), - οῦμαι (Att.), aor. πετεῖν, ἔπετον (Dor. Aeol.), πεσεῖν, ἔπεσον (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. πεπτ-εῶτ', - εῶτας (ep.), nom. - ηώς (Ion.; also of πτήσσω), - ώς (trag.), ind. πέπτωκα, ptc. - ωκώς (Att.).Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. πότ-μος m. `(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death' (ep. poet. Il.). 2. πτῶ-μα n., often w. prefix ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc. from συμ-πίπτειν etc.) in diff. senses, `fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse' (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. - μάτιον (inscr. Asia Minor), - ματίς f. `tumbling cup' (Mosch. ap. Ath.), - ματικός `inclined towards falling etc.' (hell.), - ματίζω `to bring down' (hell.) with - ματισμός m. `falling sickness' (Ptol.). 3. πτῶ-σις ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc.) f. `fall' (Hp., Att.), a.o. `fall of the die', from where as gramm. term `form of flection, case' (Arist.), with - σιμος `brought down' (A.; after ἁλώσιμος? Arbenz 80), - τικός ( μετα-πί̄πτω a.o.) `inflectable' (Gramm.). 4. πέσ-ος n. `corpse' (E. in lyr.), - ημα n. `fall, the fallen down, the corpse' (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), - ωμα n. `plunge' (vase-inscr.; after πτῶμα). 5. - πετής a.o. in περι-, προ-πετής `falling down, blundering into smth.' resp. `falling over, prepared, rash' with περι-, προ-πέτ-εια f. (IA.); also in compounds as εὑ-πετής `to turn out well, convenient, fortunate' with - εια f. (IA.); διι-πετής s. v. 6. - πτώς in ἀ-πτώς, - ῶτος `not falling' (Pi., Pl.); also - πτης in ἀπτης (inscr. Olympia)? -- On ποταμός s. v.Etymology: The remarkable σ for τ in IA. πεσέομαι, - οῦμαι and πεσεῖν is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair πί̄πτω (with ī after ῥί̄πτω?): πετεῖν agrees with γίγνομαι: γενέσθαι; to this the disyllabic fut. πεσέ-ομαι for *πετέ-[σ]ομαι and the full grades πτω-, πτη- in πέ-πτω-κα, πτῶ-μα, - σις, πε-πτη-ώς cannot be compared with γενέ-τωρ, γνή-σιος which has *ǵenh₁-, ǵn̥h₁- (not here γνωτός?; s. on γίγνομαι), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is πίτ-νω (- νῶ) with ι as in several ν-presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in πέτομαι `fly'; the meaning `fall' is also found a.o. in Skt. pátati. A point of contact show the fut. *πετέ-[σ]ομαι: Skt. pati-ṣyáti; morpholog. close are also πότμος and Skt. pát-man- n. `flight, course, path' (would be Gr. *πέτμα). -- Further s. πέτομαι; cf. also πτήσσω and πίτυλος (which hardly belongs here).Page in Frisk: 2,542-543Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πί̄πτω
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5 ἐ᾽ρύω
ἐ᾽ρύω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `draw, tear, draw towards one' (Il.). Details in Schwyzer 681, 780, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 30, 136f. etc., Solmsen Unt. 244f., Bechtel Lex s. v.Other forms: ( εἰ- Hdt., Hp.), inf. εἰρύμεναι (Hes. Op. 818, verse-begin; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 294), aor. ἐρύσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι (also εἰ- Hdt., Hp.), pass. ἐρυσθῆναι, εἰ- (Hp.), Dor. ipv. Ϝερυσάτω (Delphi IVa; not certain), fut. ἐρύω, - ομαι (Hom.), ἐρύσω (Opp.), ἐρύσσω, - ομαι (Orph.; as v. l. Φ 176), perf. pass. εἴρῡμαι, εἰρῠ́αται,Compounds: also with prefix ἀν- ( ἀϜ-), ἐξ-, κατ-, προ- etc. - As 1. member in ἐρῠσ-άρματες ( ἵπποι) `drawing the chariot' (Hom.); on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 1 1f.Derivatives: Rarely ἐρυ-: ἔρῠ-σις `the drawing' (Max. Tyr.), ἐρῠ-τήρ `the drawer' (Nic.), ἐρυ-σ-τός (S.). More from ῥῡ- (ῥῠ-): ῥῡ-τήρ m. `rein, rope' (Il.), also `bow-stretcher, archer' (Od.); ῥύ̄-τωρ `bow-stretcher' (Ar. Th. 108 [lyr.]); ῥῡ-μός m. `drawing(wood), pole etc' (Il.); ῥῦ-μα `that which is drawn' (A., X.); ῥύ̄-μη `force, swing' (Hp.); ῥῡ-τός `drawn' ( ῥυτοῖσι λάεσσι ζ 267; ξ 10), ῥῡ-τά n. pl. `reins' (Hes. Sc. 308); with ιο-suffix ῥύσιον, Dor. ῥύτιον *`what is drawn forth', i. e. `deposit, retribution' (Il.); ῥῠτίς `fold, rumple', ῥῡσός `rumply' s. v. Expressive enlargement (Schwyzer 706): ῥυστάζω `draw to and fro, maltreat' (Hom.) with ῥυστακτύ̄ς (σ 224), ῥύσταγμα (Lyk. 1089).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] *u̯eru-? `draw'Etymology: (Ϝ)ερύω, *Ϝέ-Ϝρῡ-μαι \> εἴρῡμαι, beside which perhaps with vowel-prothesis *ἐ-Ϝερύομαι \> εἰρύομαι (cf. the litt. above; for the digamma not esp. ep. (Aeol.) αὑερύω = ἀϜ-Ϝερύω ἀν-Ϝερύω, βρυτῆρες = ῥυτῆρες [A. D.]), has, though without a doubt old, no certain agreement outside Greek. - On ambivalent Lat. rū̆dēns `sail of a ship' s. W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,571Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐ᾽ρύω
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6 ὀψέ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `after, after a long time, late (in the evening), too late' (Il.).Compounds: Often ὀψι- as 1. member (after ἀγχι-, ἠρι- a.o.), e.g. ὀψί-γονος `late-born, younger' (Il., Hdt., Arist.); also ὀψ-, e.g. ὀψ-αρό-της m. `who ploughs late' (Hes. Op. 490); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 111 f. As 2. member in ἀπ-οψέ (A. D.), κατ-οψέ (Alex. Trall.) `late (at night)', cf. κατ-όπιν, ἀπο-πρό a.o.Derivatives: 1. ὀψι-αίτερος, - αίτατος (Att.; after παλαίτερος a.o.). 2. ὄψ-ιος `late' (Pi., Arist.) with ὀψιό-της f. (Thphr.), like πρώϊ-ος; - ιμος `id.' (X., hell.), like πρώϊ-μος (through reinterpretation of ὄψιμος `visible' [Β 325]?; s. Arbenz 22 f.); - ινός `id.' (Empire; after ἑωθι-νός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 200 f., Wackernagel Unt. 105 n. 1). 3. ὀψ-ίχα ὀψέ. Βυζάντιοι H. (diminutive like ὁσσ-ίχος a. o.). 4. ὀψ-ία f. `evening' (IA.). 5. ὀψ-ίζω `to be late, to retard' (Lys., X.) with - ισμός m. `delay' (D. H.). On ὀψ-έ with oxytonized -έ there is no agreement. Nearest comes τῆλ-ε (s. v.); cf. - δε, - θε, - σε, - τε (Schwyzer 631).Etymology: To ὄψ-ι agrees ὕψ-ι `in high'. Unenlarged *ὄψ like ἄψ (s.v. w. lit.); identical with Lat. ops- beside op, ob `up(on) -- towards, at -- towards' in o(b)s-tendō a.o. Withou -ς in ὄπισθεν, ὀπίσ(σ)ω, ὀπώρα; s. vv. w. further lit.Page in Frisk: 2,458-459Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀψέ
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7 πάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to strew, to sprinkle' (Il.), also of figures on a cloth, `to embroider' (on the meaning Bowra JHSt. 54, 70 f., Wace AmJArch 52, 51 ff).Other forms: Att. (Ar.) πάττω, aor. πάσ-αι, - ασθαι, πασ-θῆναι (Att.), perf. midd. πέπασμαι (LXX, A. R.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. κατα-, ἐπι- ( προ-επι-, παρ-επι-, προσ-επι-), ἐν- ( συν-εν-, παρ-εν-, προσ-εν-).Derivatives: πασ-τός `strewn, sprinkled' (Hp.), χρυσό-παστος `knitted, shot with gold' (A.), κατά-παστος `bestrewn, decorated (with figures)' (Ar.); subst. m. παστός `knitted curtain, blanket, bridal bed', also `bridal chamber' (hell.), cf. παστάς and Solmsen Wortforsch. 4 n. 2, IF 31, 485ff.; παστόω `to build a bridal chamber' (Aq.); ( κατά-, ἐπί-, διά-, σύμ-)πάσμα n. `(medicinal) powder' (Thphr., medic.); πάστρια f. `embroiderer' (sch.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside πάσσω from *πάτ-ι̯ω stands πῆ-ν in πῆ καὶ πῆν ἐπὶ τοῦ κατάπασσε καὶ καταπάσσειν H.; to note esp. ἐπιπῆν φάρμακον (insc. Epid.) and ἐπι... φάρμακα πάσσεν (Ε 900). With πῆ-ν: *πάτ-ι̯ω one can compare: λή-θω: Lat. lăt-eō; Skt. dā́-ti `cut off', δᾶ-μος: δατ-έομαι (s.v. and δαίομαι, δῆμος); prob. also πῆ-μα: Lat. păt-ior; s. also on πατέομαι and Bechtel Lex. s.v. (w. older lit.). Here perh. also πήτεα πίτυρα, πητῖται πιτύρινοι ἄρτοι. Λάκωνες H. -- Further isolated. The connecttion with Lat. quatiō `shake' is both phonetically and semantically unconvincing; further combinations to be rejected in Bq, WP. 1, 511 and W.-Hofmann s. quatiō, all w. rich lit. Semantically good, but phonetically very uncertain is the comparison with Toch. AB kat-, kät- `strew' (s. v. Windekens Orbis 12, 464 w. lit.).Page in Frisk: 2,478Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάσσω
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8 σκύλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: approx. `to lacerate, to tear up, to flay', mostly metaph. `to pester, to tire, to bother, to trouble, to vex', midd.-pass. `to strain', aor. act. `to infest, to plunder' (pap., inscr., NT, late prose; rarely poet.: A., Nic., AP; s. bel.).Derivatives: 1. σκυλ-μός m. `bothering, tribulation' (hell. a. late), `the rending' (sch.) with - μώδης (Vett. Val.); 2. - μα ( κόμης) n. `the tussling, tousling, tousled hair' (AP); 3. σκύλσις θυμός, σάλος, ταραχή H., - τικός (Vett. Val.). -- 4. σκύλος n. ( σκύλα pl. Nic. Th. 422) `stripped hide, skin' (Call., Theoc., AP; cf. δέρμα: δέρω), `nutshell' (Nic.); as 1. member in σκῠλο-δέψης m. `tanner' (Ar.), - ός `id.' (D.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 112f.). Also σκῦλος n. (Herod. 3, 68 with ῦ after σκῦτος, if not miswritten for it). -- On κοσκυλμάτια s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Together with its derivations σκύλλω is esp. known from the later colloquial language and in the metaph. meaning `pester etc.'. Through adaptation to σκῦλον the aor. σκῦλαι got the meaning of `harass, plunder' ( ἱερόν etc.). Similarly ( ἀπο-)σκύλαιο aor. opt. midd. 2. sg. of the hair and head `abrade, uncover' (Nic.), to which further ἔσκυλται ( κόμη) `is teared apart, tousled' (AP); from the older language only pres. σκύλλονται `they are (by the fishes) stripped of their flesh', of the drowned warriors (A. Pers. 577 [lyr.]) and he noun σκῠλο-δέψης; to this with metathesis ξύλλεσθαι = σκύλλεσθαι, συλᾶσθαι ( SIG 56, 3; Argos Va; cf. Schwyzer 329). -- Since long (s. Curtius 169, WP. 2, 591, Pok. 923f.) connected with the group of σκάλλω (s. v.), where υ in σκύλλω would be a reduced vowel (Schwyzer 351) [which is impossible]. Or cross with μιστύλλω and other verbs in - ύλλω ? -- Diff. Persson Beitr. 1, 375 (s. Bq). -- Cf. σκῦλα, - ον, also συλάω.Page in Frisk: 2,742Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκύλλω
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