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1 γίγνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be born, become, arise' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. etc. γί̄νομαι (with assimilation and lengthening, Schwyzer 215), Thess. Boeot. γίνυμαι (innovation, Schwyzer 698), Cret. γίννομαι, aor. γενέσθαι, perf. γέγονα, γέγαμεν, γεγαώς, Med. (new) γεγένημαι, fut. γενήσομαι; recent Att. etc. γενηθῆναι and γενηθήσομαι; transitive s-aorist γείνασθαι (ep. etc., \< *γεν-σ-; s. Schwyzer 756 and Wackernagel Unt. 175), alo γεινόμεθα, - μενος (either for γί(γ)νομαι, Schwyzer 715, or for γεν- with metrical lengthening); athemat. root aorist ἔγεντο (Hes.; analog. innovation, s. Schwyzer 678f. m. Lit.)Compounds: - γνη-τος, e.g. κασί-γνη-τος `brother' (q.v.) and - γν-ος in νεο-γν-ός `newborn' (h. Hom.), with ιο- in ὁμό-γν-ιος `of the same origin'Derivatives: γένος ( γενικός, - γενής) and γόνος, γονή ( γονεύς `parent'). γενεά, Ion. -ή `lineage' (Il.; s. Chantr. Form. 91). γενέ-θλη (Il.) and γένε-θλον (A.) `id.' with γενέθλιος and γενεθλιακός, γενεθλίδιος, γενεθλίωμα, γενεθλιάζω. γενε-τή `birth' (Hom.); hypocor. Γενετυλλίς name of Aphrodite as protectress of birth (Ar.;). γένε-σις `birth, origin' (Il.). γέν-να(s. v.). - γενέ-τωρ (Ion. Dor.) and γενε-τήρ (Arist.) `begetter'; on the diff. s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; fem. γενέτειρα (Pi.) ; γενέ-της (Ion.); with γενέσια n. pl. `Parentalia' (Hdt.). - γνήσιος `of real birth' (Il.) from γνητός. ἴγνητες s.vv. ( γνωτός, - τή to γιγνώσκω).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [373] *ǵenh₁-, ǵonh₁-, ǵnh₁- `beget'Etymology: Old verb: redupl. pres. γίγνομαι = Lat. act. gignō `beget'; thematic aorist ἐγένετο = Skt. them. impf. ájanata (pres. jánate, -ti = lat. genit); perf. γέγονα = Skt. jajā́na. Nouns γένος (Skt. jánas-, Lat. genus) and γόνος (Skt. jána-); γενέτωρ, γενετήρ (IE *ǵenh₁-) = Lat. genitor, Skt. jánitar- and janitár-, γενέτειρα = Skt. jánitrī, Lat. genitrī-x; γένεσις but with zero grade Skt. jātí- `birth, family', Lat. nāti-ō, OE ( ge)cynd ; - γνητος (*ǵnh₁-tos); - γν-ος in compounds (with loss of the laryngeal) = e. g. Lat. prīvi-gn-us `born separately' = `stepchild', νεο-γν-ός: Goth. niu-kla-hs `as a child' (\< *- kna- \< IE. *-ǵnh₁-o- dissimilated), also in NPhr. ουεγνω (*sue-ǵnh₁-o-); - γν-ιος in ὁμόγν-ιος = Gaul. Abe-gnia. - Many forms from different languages, s. Pok. 373ff.Page in Frisk: 1,307-308Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γίγνομαι
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2 νέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deal out, dispense, distribute (among themselves, possess, inhabit, manage, pasture, consume, devour'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. νεῖμαι (Il.), - ασθαι, pass. νεμηθῆναι, fut. νεμῶ, - οῦμαι (Ion. - έομαι, late - ήσω, - ήσομαι), perf. νενέμηκα,- ημαι (Att. etc.).Derivatives: Several derivv: A. νομή f. `pasture', metaph. `spreading', e.g. of an ulcer, `distribution' (IA.), `possession, possessio' (hell.). With ἐπι-, προ-νομή etc. from ἐπι-, προ-νέμειν, - εσθαι etc. Also νομός m. `*place of) pasture' (Il.), `habitation' (Pi., Hdt., S.), `province' (Hdt., D. S., Str.). From νομή or νομός (not always with certainty to be distinguished): 1. νομάς, - άδος `roaming the pasture', subst. pl. `pastoral people, nomads' (IA.), as PN `Numidians' (Plb.); from this νομαδ-ικός `roaming, belonging to pastoral peoples, Numidian' (Arist.), - ίτης `id.' (Suid.), - ίαι f. pl. `pasture' with - ιαῖος (Peripl. M. Rubr.). -- 2. νομεύς m. `herdsman' (II.), also `distributor' (Pl.), pl. `ribs of a ship' (Hdt.); from this (or from νομός?) νομεύω `pasture' (Il.) with νόμευ-μα n. `herd' (A.), - τικός `belonging to pasturage' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135 u. 137); διανομ-εύς (: διανομή), προνομ-εύω (: προ-νομή) etc. -- 3. νόμιος `regarding the pasture', also as adjunct of several gods (Pi., Ar., Call.); cf. on νόμος; νομαῖος `id.' (Nic., Call.); νομώδης `spreading', of an ulcer (medic.). -- 4. νομάζω, - ομαι `pasture' (Nic.). -- B. νόμος m. `custom, usage, law, composition' (since Hes.) with several compp., e.g. Ἔννομος PN (Il.), εὔ-νομος `with good laws' (Pi.) with εὑνομ-ίη, - ία `good laws' (since ρ 487; on the meaning Andrewes Class Quart. 32, 89 ff.). From νόμος: 1. adj. νόμιμος `usual, lawful' (IA.; extens. Arbenz 72ff.) with νομιμότης f. (Iamb.); νομικός `regarding the laws, forensic, lawyer' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 132); νόμαιος = νόμιμος (Ion. a. late); νόμιος `id.' (Locris; cf. on νομός). -- 2. Verb νομίζω, rarely w. prefix, e.g. συν-, κατα-, `use customarily, use to, recognize, believe' (IA., Dor.; Fournier Les verbes "dire" passim) with νόμισις f. `belief' (Th.), νόμισμα n. `use, recognized belief, (valid) coin' (IA.), - άτιον dimin. (Poll.); νομιστός `generally recognized' with νομιστεύομαι `be generally valid' (Plb.), also νομιτεύομαι `id., use' (hell. a. late inscr.; cf. θεμι(σ)-τεύω). -- C. νεμέτωρ, - ορος m. `dispensor (of justice), avenger' (A. Th. 485); νέμησις f., also ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι- etc. from ἀπο-νέμω etc., `distribution' (Is., Arist.); νεμ-ητής = νεμέτωρ (Poll.) with - ήτρια f. (inscr. Rom, IVp); uncertain Νεμήϊος surname of Zeus (Archyt. ap. Stob.); perh. for Νέμειος (from Νεμέα). On νέμεσις s. v. -- D. Deverbatives: νεμέθω, - ομαι `pasture' (Λ 635, Nic.); νωμάω, - ῆσαι also with ἐπι-, ἀμφι-, προσ-, `distribute, maintain, observe' (Il., Hdt.; Schwyzer 719, Risch Gnomon 24, 82) with νώμ-ησις (Pl. Cra. 41 1d), - ήτωρ `distributor, maintainer etc.' (Man., Nonn.).Etymology: The whole Greek system including ablauting νομή, νόμος, νομός is built on the present νέμω. The full grade νεμέ-τωρ, νέμε-σις, νέμη-σις a.o. follow wellknown patterns ( γενέ-τωρ γένε-σις u.a.; but these are disyllabic roots); an agreeing zero grade fails. There never existed a "disyllabic root" e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 11). -- The widespread meanings of νέμω plus derivations provide a problem, which has hardly been definitely solved; Benveniste Noms d'agent 79 rightly stresses the idea of lawfull, regular, which characterizes the verb νέμω ("partager légalement, faire une attribution régulière"). Further lit.: E. Laroche Histoire de la racine nem- en grec ancien (Paris 1949; Études et Comm.VI); on νόμος esp. Stier Phil. 83, 224ff., Pohlenz Phil. 97, 135ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 260, Bolelli Stud. itfilcl. N.S.24, 110f.; on νομή, - ός Wilhelm Glotta 24, 133ff. (ἐν χειρῶν νομῳ̃, - αῖς). -- Of non-Greek words, that are interesting for the etymology, the Germanic verb for `take' agrees best to νέμω, Goth. niman etc.; further Latv. ńęmu, ńem̂t `take' (with secondary palatalisation of the anlaut). One might mention several nouns, which tell nothing for Greek: Av. nǝmah- n. `loan', Lat. numerus `number etc.', OIr. nem f. `gift' (cf. Gift: geben; also δόσις), Lith. nùoma f. `rent' (vowel as in νω-μάω). -- The with νέμω also formally identical verb Skt. námati `bow, bend' can only be combined with uncontrollable hypotheses. After Laroche (s. above) p. 263 νέμω would prop be. `faire le geste de se pencher en tendant la main'. -- Lit. and further details in WP. 2, 330f., Pok. 763 f., W.-Hofmann s. numerus and nummus (from νόμιμος?), also emō, Fraenkel Wb. s. núoma(s), and nãmas, Mayrhofer s. námati. Cf. also νέμος.Page in Frisk: 2, 302Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέμω
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3 πί̄πτω
πί̄πτωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. πεσέομαι (ep. Ion.), - οῦμαι (Att.), aor. πετεῖν, ἔπετον (Dor. Aeol.), πεσεῖν, ἔπεσον (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. πεπτ-εῶτ', - εῶτας (ep.), nom. - ηώς (Ion.; also of πτήσσω), - ώς (trag.), ind. πέπτωκα, ptc. - ωκώς (Att.).Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. πότ-μος m. `(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death' (ep. poet. Il.). 2. πτῶ-μα n., often w. prefix ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc. from συμ-πίπτειν etc.) in diff. senses, `fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse' (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. - μάτιον (inscr. Asia Minor), - ματίς f. `tumbling cup' (Mosch. ap. Ath.), - ματικός `inclined towards falling etc.' (hell.), - ματίζω `to bring down' (hell.) with - ματισμός m. `falling sickness' (Ptol.). 3. πτῶ-σις ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc.) f. `fall' (Hp., Att.), a.o. `fall of the die', from where as gramm. term `form of flection, case' (Arist.), with - σιμος `brought down' (A.; after ἁλώσιμος? Arbenz 80), - τικός ( μετα-πί̄πτω a.o.) `inflectable' (Gramm.). 4. πέσ-ος n. `corpse' (E. in lyr.), - ημα n. `fall, the fallen down, the corpse' (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), - ωμα n. `plunge' (vase-inscr.; after πτῶμα). 5. - πετής a.o. in περι-, προ-πετής `falling down, blundering into smth.' resp. `falling over, prepared, rash' with περι-, προ-πέτ-εια f. (IA.); also in compounds as εὑ-πετής `to turn out well, convenient, fortunate' with - εια f. (IA.); διι-πετής s. v. 6. - πτώς in ἀ-πτώς, - ῶτος `not falling' (Pi., Pl.); also - πτης in ἀπτης (inscr. Olympia)? -- On ποταμός s. v.Etymology: The remarkable σ for τ in IA. πεσέομαι, - οῦμαι and πεσεῖν is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair πί̄πτω (with ī after ῥί̄πτω?): πετεῖν agrees with γίγνομαι: γενέσθαι; to this the disyllabic fut. πεσέ-ομαι for *πετέ-[σ]ομαι and the full grades πτω-, πτη- in πέ-πτω-κα, πτῶ-μα, - σις, πε-πτη-ώς cannot be compared with γενέ-τωρ, γνή-σιος which has *ǵenh₁-, ǵn̥h₁- (not here γνωτός?; s. on γίγνομαι), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is πίτ-νω (- νῶ) with ι as in several ν-presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in πέτομαι `fly'; the meaning `fall' is also found a.o. in Skt. pátati. A point of contact show the fut. *πετέ-[σ]ομαι: Skt. pati-ṣyáti; morpholog. close are also πότμος and Skt. pát-man- n. `flight, course, path' (would be Gr. *πέτμα). -- Further s. πέτομαι; cf. also πτήσσω and πίτυλος (which hardly belongs here).Page in Frisk: 2,542-543Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πί̄πτω
См. также в других словарях:
θοινάτωρ — θοινάτωρ, ορος, ὁ (Α) θοινατήρ*, συμποσιαστής, αυτός που μετέχει σε συμπόσιο, ο ευωχούμενος. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < θοινώ + επίθημα τωρ (πρβλ. γενέ τωρ, ευπά τωρ, συνδαί τωρ)] … Dictionary of Greek
γενέτωρ — ( ορος), ο (AM) 1. γεννήτωρ, πρόγονος 2. (για τους θεούς) ο προστάτης τού γένους. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < γενέ τωρ από τη δισύλλαβη μορφή γενε (< *γεν∂ ) τής ρίζας γεν τού γίγνομαι*] … Dictionary of Greek
νέμω — (ΑΜ νέμω) 1. διαμοιράζω, μοιράζω, διανέμω, απονέμω («Ζεὺς νέμων εἰκότως ἄδικα μὲν κακοῑς, ὅσια δ ἐννόμοις», Αισχύλ.) 2. μέσ. νέμομαι κατέχω κάτι και τό εκμεταλλεύομαι για δική μου ωφέλεια, καρπώνομαι, απολαμβάνω κάτι («περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας… … Dictionary of Greek
νεμέτωρ — νεμέτωρ, ορος, ὁ (Α) αυτός που απονέμει δικαιοσύνη, κριτής, τιμωρός, εκδικητής («τώς νιν Ζεὺς νεμέτωρ ἐπίδοι κοταίνων», Αισχύλ.). [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < δισύλλαβο θ. νεμε τού ρ. νέμω (πρβλ. νέμε σις*) + επίθημα τωρ, πιθ. κατά το γενέ τωρ (βλ. και λ.… … Dictionary of Greek
φύτωρ — ορος, ὁ, Α γεννήτορας, πατέρας. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < θ. φῠ τού φύω, ομαι + κατάλ. τωρ (πρβλ. γενέ τωρ)] … Dictionary of Greek
