withstand

ob-sisto, stĭti, stĭtum, 3, v. n., to set, place, or post one's self before any thing (class.; syn.: adversor, repugno).

In gen.:

hic obsistam, ne, etc.,

will station myself, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 62:

alicui obviam,

to plant one's self in another's way, id. Capt. 4, 2, 11:

obsistens obtestansque,

Liv. 2, 10, 3:

plures abeunti Volumnio obsistere,

id. 10, 19.—

In partic.

To set one's self against; to oppose, resist, withstand:

qui cum obsistere ac defendere conarentur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

omnibus ejus consiliis,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 17:

dolori,

id. Tusc. 2, 12, 28:

odiis,

id. Off. 2, 7, 23:

vitiis,

id. ib. 2, 10, 37:

visis,

to disapprove of, id. Fin. 3, 9, 31:

opinionibus,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108. —With inf.:

obstitit Oceanus in se simul atque in Herculem inquiri,

opposes, forbids, Tac. G. 34.—With ne:

Histiaeus Miletus ne res conficeretur obstitit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

obstitisti, ne ex Italiā transire in Siciliam fugitivorum copiae possent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5.—With quominus:

quae si cui obstitit, quominus referret gratiam, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 3.— Impers. pass.:

magnitudine animi facile posset repugnari obsistique fortunae,

Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 17.—

obstĭ-tus, a, um, P. a.

Over against, opposite:

luna radios solis obstiti vel adversi usurpat,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 42.—

Lit., opposing, inimical; hence, in augury, struck by lightning: obstitum Cloatius et Aelius Stilo esse aiunt violatum attactumque de caelo. Cincius quom qui deo deaeque obstiterit id est qui viderit, quod videri nefas esset, Paul. ex Fest. p. 193 Müll.:

FVLGVRA ATQVE OBSTITA PIANTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21.

ob-sto, stĭti, ātum (obstaturus, Front. Aquaed. 123; Quint. 2, 11, 1; Stat. Th. 7, 247; gen. plur. obstantum, Sil. 5, 277), 1, v. n., to stand before or against any thing.

In gen. (very rare): soli luna obstitit, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25 (Ann. v. 167 Vahl.); cf.: montibus obstipis obstantibus, id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 193 Müll. (Ann. v. 407 ib.):

dominae niveis a vultibus obstas,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 23; so,

summis a postibus,

id. Th. 4, 17:

obviam,

to stand in the way, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 14.—

In partic., to stand against or in the way of a person or thing; to withstand, thwart, hinder, oppose, obstruct (the class. signif. of the word; syn.: obsisto, adversor, officio).—Constr. with dat., absol., with quin, quominus, cur, or ne.

With dat.:

quae tardis mora noctibus obstet,

Verg. A. 1, 746:

alicui,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 6: cur [p. 1245] mihi te offers ac meis commodis officis et obstas? Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; cf. id. ib. 2, 6:

vita cetera eorum huic sceleri obstat,

their former life stands opposed to this crime, secures them against the suspicion of this crime, Sall. C. 52, 31:

di omnes quibus obstitit Ilium,

was an offence to, Verg. A. 6, 64:

nam sic labentibus (aedibus) obstat vilicus,

i. e. keeps from falling, Juv. 3, 194; cf. v. 243.—For the dat. in with acc. is found:

in laudem vetustorum invidia non obstat,

Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 2.—

Absol.: me obstare, illos obsequi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66: restitant, occurrunt, obstant, id. ap. Non. 147, 9 (Sat. v. 5 ib.):

obstando magis quam pugnando castra tutabantur,

Liv. 40 25:

exercitus hostium duo obstant,

block up the way, Sall. C. 58, 6; Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 15:

si omnia removentur, quae obstant et impediunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19.—

With quin:

quibus non humana ulla, neque divina obstant, quin socios amicos trahant, exscindant,

Sall. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch.—

With quominus:

quid obstat, quominus sit beatus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 95:

ne quid divini humanive obstet, quominus justum piumque de integro ineatur bellum,

Liv. 9, 8, 6.—

With cur:

quid obstat, cur non (verae nuptiae) fiant?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 76.—

With ne:

Histiaeus Milesius, ne res conficeretur, obstitit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne non posset nisi ab consule dici dictator,

Liv. 4, 31, 4:

ne id, quod placebat, decerneret in tantae nobilitatis viris, ambitio obstabat,

id. 5, 36, 9.—

Impers. pass.:

nec, si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:

indignatur amans Obstari animae,

Ov. M. 11, 788.—

Part. pres. in plur. as subst.: obstantia, ĭum, n.:

obstantia silvarum amoliri,

hinderances, obstructions, Tac. A. 1, 50.

ob-versor, ātus, 1, v. dep. ( act. collat. form obverso, āre, acc. to Prisc. p. 799 P.), to take position opposite or over against, to oppose one's self (class.).

Lit.:

magnam partem eorum palam Carthagini obversari dici,

Liv. 31, 11:

in foro,

id. 33, 47:

sedebant judices, obversabantur advocati,

Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 2:

limini,

who were about the threshold, id. ib. 6, 16, 13:

in urbe inter coetus,

Tac. A. 3, 37.—

Trop., to hover or float before, to appear to one:

illius et nomen dulce obversatur ad aures,

Lucr. 4, 1062:

mihi ante oculos obversatur rei publicae dignitas,

Cic. Sest. 3, 7:

obversentur species honestae viro,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

animis, oculis,

Liv. 35, 11:

in somnis,

id. 2, 36:

sibi speciem noctibus obversari,

Suet. Claud. 37.—

To oppose, withstand, resist (eccl. Lat.):

malo obniti et obversari,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 5.

ob-versor, ātus, 1, v. dep. ( act. collat. form obverso, āre, acc. to Prisc. p. 799 P.), to take position opposite or over against, to oppose one's self (class.).

Lit.:

magnam partem eorum palam Carthagini obversari dici,

Liv. 31, 11:

in foro,

id. 33, 47:

sedebant judices, obversabantur advocati,

Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 2:

limini,

who were about the threshold, id. ib. 6, 16, 13:

in urbe inter coetus,

Tac. A. 3, 37.—

Trop., to hover or float before, to appear to one:

illius et nomen dulce obversatur ad aures,

Lucr. 4, 1062:

mihi ante oculos obversatur rei publicae dignitas,

Cic. Sest. 3, 7:

obversentur species honestae viro,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

animis, oculis,

Liv. 35, 11:

in somnis,

id. 2, 36:

sibi speciem noctibus obversari,

Suet. Claud. 37.—

To oppose, withstand, resist (eccl. Lat.):

malo obniti et obversari,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 5.

ob-vĭo, āvi, 1, v. n., to meet (post-class.).

In gen.:

alicui,

Hier. Ep. 5, 1:

sibi,

Vulg. Psa. 84, 11.—

In partic.

In a hostile sense, to withstand, resist, oppose:

alicui,

Macr. S. 7, 5:

suae confessioni,

Dig. 39, 5, 30.—

To prevent, hinder, obviate:

grandini,

Pall. 1, 35, 14:

vermibus,

id. Mart. 10, 4.

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

Lit.:

si pes condoluit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

calcei apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

id. Univ. 6:

pede tellurem pulsare,

i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

alterno pede terram quatere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

si in fundo pedem posuisses,

set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

qui pedem portā non extulit,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

profugum referre pedem,

Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

Verg. A. 9, 125:

retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

Liv. 26, 19:

pedibus iter conficere,

id. 44, 5:

quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

(Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

id. B. C. 2, 21:

ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

Bacchus flueret pede suo,

i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

ego me in pedes (conicio),

take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

Ov. H. 12, 186:

cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

Liv. 6, 3, 4:

ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

Flor. 4, 11, 9:

(mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

amplecti pedes potui,

Ov. M. 9, 605:

complector, regina, pedes,

Luc. 10, 89:

servus a pedibus,

a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

Ov. M. 14, 490:

amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

omni pede stare,

i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

Hor. A. P. 8:

dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

adi pede secundo,

Verg. A. 8, 302:

felix,

Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

quove pede ingressi?

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

pedibus merere,

to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

ad pedes pugna ierat,

they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

collato pede rem gerere,

id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—

Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—

In mal. part.:

pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —

Transf.

A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

tricliniorum,

Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

subsellii,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

pes argenteus (mensae),

Juv. 11, 128.—

Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

Cat. 4, 19:

pede labitur aequo,

i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

pedibus aequis,

Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

Verg. A. 5, 830:

prolatis pedibus,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—

The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —

Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

in Caesariensis pede,

Sol. 3, 2:

omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

id. 27, 1; cf.:

quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—

The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

vinaceorum pes proruitur,

Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

pedes betacei,

beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—

Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—

The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—

Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

liquido pede labitur unda,

Verg. Cul. 17:

lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

Sil. 6, 140.—

A metrical foot:

ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

pedibus claudere verba,

to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—

A kind of verse, measure:

et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

Ov. Ib. 646:

Lesbius,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—

In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—

A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

pes justus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—

Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—

The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

rē̆-frāgor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n., a publicists' t. t., to oppose, resist; to thwart, gainsay (one who sues for a thing; opp. suffragor).

Lit.:

illa lex petitioni tuae refragata est,

Cic. Mur. 23, 46:

ne refragari homini amicissimo videar,

id. Phil. 11, 9, 20:

alicujus honori (sc. triumpho),

Liv. 45, 40:

alicui, ne, etc.,

Vell. 2, 40, 6. —

Transf., to resist, oppose, contest, withstand (not in Cic.;

syn.: repugno, adversor): tacita quaedam cogitatio refragatur his omnibus,

Quint. 5, 7, 2:

cui non refragetur ingenium,

id. 10, 6, 4:

lactuca refragatur veneri,

Plin. 19, 8, 38, § 127:

gloriae suae non refragari,

Curt. 9, 5, 21.— Absol.:

si materia non refragetur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5.

rĕ-nītor, nīti, v. dep. n., to strive or struggle against, to withstand, resist (rare and not ante-Aug.; syn.: resisto, adversor, reluctor).

Lit.:

quoniam alter motus alteri renititur,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198; 16, 42, 81, § 222; so,

os (specillo),

Cels. 5, 28, 12.—

Trop.:

cum illi renitentes pactos dicerent sese,

Liv. 5, 49 Drak.:

renitentibus vobis,

Curt. 6, 3, 5; Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118:

quo renitente,

Amm. 31, 12, 15; 31, 13, 10.

rĕ-sisto, stĭti, 3, v. n.

To stand back, remain standing anywhere (cf. resideo); to stand still, halt, stop, stay; to stay behind, remain, continue (class.; less freq. than consistere).

Lit.: dabo mega kakon, nisi resistis... Mane... Mane atque asta, Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 10; cf. id. Truc. 4, 2, 38; 41:

Resiste!

Stop! Halt! Ter. And. 2, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 10; Poët. ap. Sen. Ep. 89, 6:

quaeso ubinam illic restitit miles modo?

Plaut. Poen. 2, 22; cf.:

ubi restiteras?

id. Ps. 4, 1, 9:

heus! heus! tibi dico, Chaerea, inquit, restiti,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 46; 2, 3, 12:

ubi ille saepius appellatus aspexit ac restitit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35; cf.:

ad haec revocantis verba resistit,

Ov. M. 1, 503:

ad omnes municipiorum villarumque amoenitates,

Tac. H. 2, 87:

restitere Romani, tamquam caelesti voce jussi,

Liv. 1, 12, 7:

neque certum inveniri poterat, obtinendine Brundisii causā ibi remansisset... an inopiā navium ibi restitisset,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

postero die cum duabus legionibus in occulto restitit,

id. B. G. 7, 35:

Jubam revocatum finitimo bello restitisse in regno,

id. B. C. 2, 38: Vettius negabat, se umquam cum Curione restitisse, that he had stopped (to talk), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2 (al. constitisse):

nihil est ubi lapsi resistamus,

id. Mur. 39, 84:

hostes dat in fugam, sic ut omnino pugnandi causă restiterit nemo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:

qui restitissent (sc. in urbe),

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 3; Liv. 37, 21:

nec ante restitit, quam, etc.,

id. 2, 59:

cernes saepe resistere equos,

Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 54.—

Transf., of things:

sidus nusquam resistens,

Sen. Q. N. 1, praef. med.:

rota,

id. Med. 744:

proluvies ventris,

Col. 6, 7, 4.—

Trop.:

nec resistet (vita) extra fores limenque carceris,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 80:

quod optabile, id expetendum: quod expetendum, laudabile: deinde reliqui gradus. Sed ego in hoc resisto,

I stop at this, pause here, id. Fin. 4, 18, 50; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 55; cf.:

ad thalami clausas, Musa, resiste fores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 704:

incipit effari mediāque in voce resistit,

Verg. A. 4, 76:

cursus ad singula vestigia resistit,

Quint. 10, 7, 14:

resistens ac salebrosa oratio,

id. 11, 2, 46 Spald.:

verba resistunt,

Ov. H. 13, 121:

in secundo loco,

Plin. Pan. 10, 4.—

To withstand, oppose, resist; to make opposition or resistance (so most freq.; cf.: repugno, adversor).

Esp. in milit. lang., constr. usu. with dat. or absol.

With dat.:

cum legiones hostibus resisterent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 22:

paulisper nostris,

id. ib. 4, 14:

venientibus, signa inferentibus,

id. B. C. 1, 55; 1, 82 fin.:

eruptionibus,

id. B. G. 7, 24 fin.:

repentinae Gallorum conjurationi,

id. ib. 5, 27.— Pass. impers.:

alicui in acie,

Nep. Hann. 5, 4:

neque ulla multitudine in unum locum coactā, resisti posse Romanis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 2. —

Absol.:

resistere neque deprecari,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7; 2, 23; 4, 12;

5, 7 et saep.: acerrime,

id. ib. 7, 62:

audacius,

id. ib. 2, 26:

fortiter,

id. ib. 3, 21:

fortissime,

id. ib. 4, 12:

aegre,

id. B. C. 3, 63:

caeco Marte resistunt,

Verg. A. 2, 335:

nihil de resistendo cogitabat,

Caes. B. C. 2. 34: ibi resistere ac propulsare, Sall. J. 51, 1:

nedum resistendi occasionem fuerit habiturus,

Curt. 7, 4, 4.— Impers. pass.:

ab nostris eādem ratione quā pridie resistitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 40; so,

resisti,

id. ib. 1, 37; id. B. C. 3, 63.—

In gen.:

omnia consilia consulatūs mei, quibus illi tribuno plebis pro re publicā restitissem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 48:

alicui rei publicae causā,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

injuriis,

id. ib. 1, 5, b, 2:

fortiter dolori ac fortunae,

id. ib. 5, 17, 3; cf.:

vix dolori,

id. ib. 4, 6, 1:

defensioni,

i. e. to reply to, id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

factioni inimicorum,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

sceleri,

Ov. M. 10, 322:

resistere et repugnare contra veritatem non audet,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 17, 51.— Impers. pass.:

omnibus his (sententiis) resistitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Cic. Lael. 12, 41; Quint. 4, 2, 14; 6, 4, 10:

cui nec virtute resisti potest,

Ov. M. 9, 200 al. — Absol.: restitit et pervicit Cato, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 8; Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

resistentibus collegis,

Sall. J. 37, 2:

patricii contra vi resistunt,

Liv. 3, 13 Drak. N. cr.:

ne qua sibi statua poneretur, restitit,

Nep. Att. 3, 2.— Impers. pass.:

cum a Cottā primisque ordinibus acriter resisteretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30:

vix deorum opibus, quin obruatur Romana res, resisti posse,

Liv. 4, 43. —

Transf., of things:

(plaustra) adversus tempestatem nocentem non resistunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 2; cf.:

(fundamenta) valenter resistent contra ea, quae, etc.,

Col. 1, 5, 9:

(Symplegades) Quae nunc immotae perstant ventisque resistunt,

Ov. M. 15, 339; cf.:

indejecta domus tanto malo,

id. ib. 1, 288:

radices frigori,

Plin. 19, 5, 23, § 68:

silex vehementer igni,

id. 36, 22, 49, § 169:

haec gemmarum genera scalpturae,

id. 37, 7, 30, § 104. — Hence, of medicines, to resist, act against a disease:

amiantus veneficiis resistit omnibus,

Plin. 36, 19, 31, § 139; 23, 8, 80, § 152; 30, 11, 28, § 93 al.:

vis tribunicia libidini restitit consulari,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6.— Absol.:

ut ripae fluminis cedunt aut prominentia montium resistunt,

projecting mountains advance into it, Tac. A. 2, 16:

ni vis humana resistat,

Lucr. 5, 207:

mollis ac minime resistens ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19 fin. —

To rise again (very rare, and only trop.; syn. resurgo): post ex fluvio fortuna resistet, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 47 Vahl.):

nihil est jam, unde nos reficiamus, aut ubi lapsi resistamus,

we can raise ourselves up, rise again, Cic. Mur. 39, 84.

rēsponso, āre, v. freq. a. [id.], to return an answer, to answer, reply, respond ( poet.).

Lit.:

neu quisquam responset, quando hasce aedes pultabit senex,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 56:

pro me responsa tibi,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 40; id. Mil. 4, 1, 17:

num ancillae aut servi tibi Responsant?

answer you back, id. Men. 4, 2, 57.—

Trop.:

exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

re-echo, Verg. A. 12, 757; Val. Fl. 3, 597; 4, 286; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 162:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

ill suit his palate, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18:

responsare cupidinibus, contemnere honores Fortis,

to withstand, resist, bid defiance to, id. ib. 2, 7, 85; cf.:

fortunae superbae,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 68:

animus cenis opimis,

id. S. 2, 7, 103.

rē-sto, stĭti, 1 ( perf. subj. restaverit, Prop. 2, 34, 53), v. n.

To stop behind, keep back, stand still (very rare and only poet., whereas resisto is class.).

Lit.: si resto, pergit, ut eam: si ire conor, prohibet betere, Pac. ap. Non. 77, 25. —

Trop.: impetus haut longe mediis regionibus restat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 285 Müll. (Ann. v. 475 Vahl.):

nullo dominae teritur molimine amator Restat et immerita sustinet aure minas,

stands firm, holds out, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 18. —

To withstand, resist, oppose (so less freq. than resisto, and not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Of military resistance, to stand firm, hold out, not yield; constr. usually absol.; rarely with dat. or adversum: Illyrii restant sicis sibinisque fodantes, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 336 Müll. (Ann. v. 496 Vahl.): validam urbem multos dies restantem pugnando vicit, Sall. ap. Non. 526, 12 (id. H. 1, 75 Dietsch):

quia summā vi restare (milites) nunciabantur,

Liv. 4, 58 Drak.:

solā virtute militum restantes caeduntur caeduntque,

id. 6, 30; 32; 8, 39; 23, 45; 26, 3; 29, 2;

34, 14: dum restat Hector,

Prop. 3, 8, 31:

nunc in restantes mucronem comminus urget,

Sil. 10, 25.— Impers. pass.:

ut quā minimā vi restatur, eā parte irrumpat,

Liv. 34, 15. — With dat.:

paucis plures vix restatis,

Liv. 23, 45 fin.:

restando adversis,

Sil. 10, 125.—With adversum:

paulum morae attulere ferrati restantibus laminis adversum pila et gladios,

Tac. A. 3, 46.—

Apart from milit. lang., in gen.:

nunc ratio nulla est restandi, nulla facultas, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 110:

is mihi, dum resto, juvenili guttura pugno Rupit,

Ov. M. 3, 626; 7, 411:

in quā re nunc tam confidenter restas, stulta?

oppose me, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 7; cf. Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 50. —Of things:

aera claustris restantia vociferantur,

Lucr. 2, 450:

restantia claustra,

Sil. 7, 130.—

To be left, remain (syn. remaneo; the predominant signif. of the word;

most freq. in the third person): hujus generis reliquias Restare video,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 91:

ego conviviis delector nec cum aequalibus solum qui pauci jam admodum restant, sed cum vestrā etiam aetate,

Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes Restarem ut genitor,

Verg. A. 11, 161:

de bonis quod restat reliquiarum,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Cist. 1, 3, 40:

unam sibi spem reliquam in Etruscis restare,

Liv. 10, 16; Cic. Scaur. Fragm. 45, p. 268 Orell.:

quae (studia) sola ei in malis restiterunt,

id. Sull. 26, 74:

omnes composui. Felices! Nunc ego resto,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 28; Pers. 3, 97:

de viginti Restabam solus,

Ov. M. 3, 687:

jam labor exiguus Phoebo restabat,

id. ib. 6, 486:

duae restant noctes de mense secundo,

id. F. 2, 857:

si e nobis aliquid nisi umbra restat,

id. Am. 3, 9, 60:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 35:

qui e divisione tripartitā duas partes absolverit, huic necesse est restare tertiam,

Cic. Off. 3, 2, 9:

infinitae caedi,

id. Cat. 3, 10: dona ferens pelago et flammis restantia Trojae, left, remaining from the sea, etc., Verg. A. 1, 679:

unum etiam restat amico nostro ad omne dedecus, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 8, 7:

hoc unum restabat, ut,

Ov. M. 2, 471; cf.:

illud etiam restiterat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 9, 33.— Impers.:

restat, ut aut summa neglegentia tibi obstiterit, aut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 12, 41; so,

restat, ut,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 44; 17 init.; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 27 al.—With inf. (mostly poet.):

nec aliud restabat quam corrigere, etc.,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

restabat aliud nihil, nisi oculos pascere,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 35; Ov. M. 1, 700; Stat. S. 4, 1, 40.—

In partic., with reference to the future, to remain for, await one (rare and mostly poet.):

quid restat, nisi porro ut fiam miser,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 20:

placet (vobis) socios sic tractari, quod restat, ut per haec tempora tractatos videtis?

i. e. hereafter, for the future, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 208:

nudus humi jacet infans... ut aequom est, cui tantum in vitā restet transire malorum,

Lucr. 5, 227; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 27:

hoc Latio restare canunt,

Verg. A. 7, 270; Ov. F. 2, 749.

sustĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. [subs for sub, and teneo], to hold up, hold upright, uphold, to bear up, keep up, support, sustain (syn. fulcio).

Lit.

In gen.:

onus alicui,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 68:

quantum hominum terra sustinet,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Men. 1, 1, 13:

cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33:

arma membraque,

Liv. 23, 45, 3; Curt. 6, 1, 11; 7, 5, 8:

infirmos baculo artus,

to support, Ov. M. 6, 27:

furcis spectacula,

Liv. 1, 35, 9:

ingenuā speculum manu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 216:

fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 4: manibus clipeos et hastam Et galeam,

Ov. H. 3, 119:

vix populum tellus sustinet illa suum,

id. ib. 15 (16), 182:

lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 117:

vas ad sustinenda opsonia,

Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140:

aër volatus alitum sustinet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: lacus omnia illata pondera sustinens, bearing on its surface, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127:

ecce populus Romanus universus veluti duobus navigiis inpositus binis cardinibus sustinetur,

id. 36, 15, 24, § 119:

domum pluribus adminiculis fulcit ac sustinet,

Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3: se, to support one ' s self, hold one ' s self up, stand, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 25; so,

se a lapsu,

Liv. 21, 35:

se alis,

Ov. M. 4, 411. —

In partic., to hold or keep back, to keep in, stay, check, restrain, control, etc. (syn.: refreno, supprimo, moror): currum equosque, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:

currum,

id. Lael. 17, 63 (v. infra, II. B. 3.):

equos,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

remos,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:

manum,

Ov. F. 5, 302:

sustinet a jugulo dextram,

Verg. A. 11, 750:

a jugulo nitentem sustinet hastam,

Stat. Th. 2, 648:

flumina Threiciā lyrā,

Prop. 3, 2, 2 (4, 1, 42):

nunc agendo, nunc sustinendo agmen,

Liv. 25, 36, 1:

aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit,

id. 5, 39, 2:

signa,

id. 31, 24, 8:

gradum,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

perterritum exercitum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 71:

se,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41; Val. Fl. 3, 100:

se ab omni assensu,

i. e. to refrain, Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 48:

se a respondendo,

id. ib. 2, 32, 104. — Poet.:

celeres vias,

i. e. to halt, Sen. Hippol. 794.—

Trop.

In gen., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve:

dignitatem et decus civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124:

causam rei publicae,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; cf.:

causam publicam,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:

exspectationem,

id. Off. 3, 2, 6:

tris personas unus sustineo,

characters, id. de Or. 2, 24, 102:

personam magistri,

to personate, Suet. Gram. 24:

quid muneris in rem publicam fungi ac sustinere velitis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199:

historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100: vitam, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11.— Poet.:

(arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram,

Verg. G. 2, 297.—

In partic.

To sustain, support, maintain, by food, money, or other means:

hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur et sustinemur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5, § 11:

veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortunā, fide,

id. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere,

id. Att. 2, 16, 1:

alicujus munificentiā sustineri,

Liv. 39, 9, 6:

hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet,

Verg. G. 2, 515:

necessitates aliorum,

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

plebem,

id. 3, 65, 6:

penuriam temporum,

Col. 9, 14, 17.—

To bear, undergo, endure; to hold out against, withstand (so most freq.;

syn.: fero, tolero, patior): mala ferre sustinereque,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non tu scis, quantum malarum rerum sustineam,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 8:

innocens suspitionem hanc sustinet causā meā,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 32:

labores,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

aestatem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 3:

dolorem pedum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

dolores,

id. ib. 1, 12, 8:

certamen,

Liv. 33, 36, 12:

vim hostium,

Nep. Hann. 11, 4:

periculum,

Dig. 18, 6, 1:

o dii, quis hujus potentiam poterit sustinere?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

alicujus imperia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

vulnera,

id. ib. 1, 45:

Philo ea sustinere vix poterat, quae contra Academicorum pertinaciam dicebantur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:

Peloponnesum,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 7: eos (rogantes), Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3; Liv. 31, 13:

senatus querentes eos non sustinuit,

id. 31, 13, 4:

justa petentem deam,

Ov. M. 14, 788:

ferrum ignemque Jovemque,

id. ib. 13, 385 et saep.— Absol.: expectes et sustineas necesse est, Mart. 9, 3, 13:

neque jam sustineri poterat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 4; Liv. 29, 6, 17.—

With obj.-clause (mostly with a negative: non sustinet, he cannot bear, cannot endure; he does not take upon himself, does not venture):

non sustineo esse conscius mihi dissimulati judicii mei,

Quint. 3, 6, 64:

non impositos supremis ignibus artus Sustinuit spectare parens,

Ov. M. 13, 584;

so negatively,

id. ib. 1, 530; 6, 367; 6, 606; 9, 439; 10, 47; id. F. 4, 850; Vell. 2, 86, 2. —

In a negative interrog.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus, etc.... non credidisse? tantae populi Romani voluntati restitisse? Sustineant. Reperiemus, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

hoc quidem quis hominum sustineat petulans esse ad alterius arbitrium?

Quint. 12, 9, 10; 3, 6, 64:

deserere officii sui partes,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16; 9, 13, 6:

Parmenionem rursus castigare non sustinebat,

Curt. 4, 13, 8; 6, 1, 15:

nec solus bibere sustineo,

id. 7, 5, 12; 7, 6, 15; 8, 5, 7; Vell. 2, 86, 2; Suet. Caes. 75.—Affirmatively:

quem in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari,

Curt. 5, 10, 13:

colloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit,

id. 6, 8, 16; 7, 5, 38; 10, 5, 25:

quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit,

took upon herself, presumed, Ov. M. 11, 322; so,

sustinet ire illuc,

id. ib. 4, 447; 6, 563; id. H. 5, 32; Phaedr. 4, 16, 8: aliquem videre, Auct. Cons. Liv. 135:

si quis aquam... haurire sustineat,

Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 64:

mentiri,

Petr. 116.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain; to keep back, put off, defer, delay:

est igitur prudentis sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63; so,

impetum hostis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 26; 2, 11;

3, 2 et saep.: subitas hostium incursiones,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11; cf.:

Curio praemittit equites, qui primum impetum sustineant ac morentur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

bellum consilio,

Liv. 3, 60, 1:

assensus lubricos,

Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108:

sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani,

id. Att. 12, 51, 3:

oppugnationem ad noctem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6:

rem in noctem,

Liv. 5, 35, 7:

iram,

id. 2, 19, 4.