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101 ὠσχός
ὠσχός, ὁ, in pl. ὠσχοί· τὰ νέα κλήματα σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς βότρυσιν, Hsch., cf. AB318: sg., Aristodem. ap. Ath.11.495f, cf. [full] οἰσχός· κλῆμα βότρυας φέρον ὀργῶντας καὶ γενναίους, καὶ ὀσχοφόρια (v. sq.), τὰ τῆς ἀμπέλου κλήματα περιέχοντα βότρυας, παρὰ Ἀριστοφάνει, EM619.32 (v. infr.), whence Brunck conjectured ὄσχον for the Aldine reading ὄρχον in Ar.Ach. 997, where codd. and Sch. have the unmetrical κλάδον (one Ms. κάδον); perh. ὠσχόν shd. be read, as the ὠ- is corroborated by EM824.55, and by ὠσχοφόρια, etc.:—ὄσχοι, the reading adopted by Littré from three codd. in Hp.Mul.2.204, gives a poorer sense than ὄχοι (v.Aὄχος 11.2
), the reading of many good Mss. (incl. Vind. θ): ὄσχος in Sch.Od.5.38 is apparently f.l. for ὀσχεός, cf. Sch.A Il.24.94. [The ὠ- of this and the foll. words, for which ὀ- is an occasional v. l., is found in the best codd. and is corroborated by the position of the word in the ancient lexica.] -
102 αἰζηός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: unknown; `strong'? (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Danielsson De voce αἰζηός (Upsala 1892) gives no definitive answer. The gloss suggests connection with ἀεὶ and ζῆν, which may be folk etymology (DELG). (Wrong Fur. 234: to Αἴσηπος.)Page in Frisk: 1,36Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰζηός
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103 αἰσάλων
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: Cf. αἰσάρων εἶδος ἱέρακος H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Etym. unknown. Thracian acc. to Krause (s. αἴσακος). Kretschmer Glotta 11, 281 thought it was substantivised from a Pelasgian-Tyrrhenian *αἴσαρος = ἱερός, cf. ἱέραξ (doubtful). Fur. 387 gives it as pre-Greek with ρ\/λ, of which he has more than 30 examples.Page in Frisk: 1,45Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰσάλων
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104 ἀκιδνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `weak, small' (Od.).Derivatives: ἀκιδρωπάζω ἀμβλυωπῶ H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. The element - δν- may point to a substr. word. We find ἀκιδρός (Cyr.). Therefore Fur. 388 assumes a substr. word with ν\/ρ, though the interchange is rare (cf. πρόκνις). P. 360 he compares σκιδαρόν ἀραιόν (`thin, slender') H., which cannot be considered certain. One compares also ἀκιρός `weak' (Theoc.); cf. ἀκιρῆ ἀσθενῆ, οὐκ ἐπιτεταμένα H. and ἀκιρῶς εὐλαβῶς, ἀτρέμας H. ( ἀκιρός βορρᾶς H. cannot belong here). For δ\/ρ Fur. 388 only gives σίβδα, where it will be conditioned by the preceding β.Page in Frisk: 1,53Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκιδνός
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105 ἁλιβδύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sink, submerge in the sea; hide' (Lyc.).Other forms: Tzetzes ad Lyc. 351 gives ἁλυβδῆσαι.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The ancients connected ἅλς and *βδύω, which would be Aeolic for δύω; popular etymology? The strange structure of the word, and the group - βδ- make substr. origin alsmost certain. ἁλι- and - δύω may have been influenced by the Greek words.Page in Frisk: 1,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁλιβδύω
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106 ἀλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be beside oneself', from pain, anguish' (Il.).Other forms: only present, except ἀλαλύσθαι φοβεῖσθαι, ἀλύειν H.,Derivatives: Retrograde ἄλυς id. (Hp.). With - κ- ἀλύκη `distress, anguish'; s. also ἀλάλυγξ. - Verbs: ἀλύσκω \/ ἀλύσσω, fut. ἀλύξω = ἀλύω (Hom.). Further ἀλυκ-τέω, perf. ἀλαλύκτημαι (Hom.), cf. Bechtel Lex. s. ἀλύω. - Also: ἀλυστάζω, ἀλυσταίνω cf. Schwyzer 706: 4. Further ἀλυσθμαίνω, ἀλυδμαίνειν.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἀλύω is considered an u-derivation of ἀλ- in ἀλάομαι (q. v.) and\/or ἀλέομαι which is an improbable guess. Connection with Hitt. ḫallu- `violence, brawl'? An alternative connection is that with Hitt. alwanza- `subject to wichcraft'; Puhvel gives an improbable reconstruction.Page in Frisk: 1,80-81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλύω
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107 ἄρακις
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: ἄρακις (cod. ἀρά\<κ\>η\<ν\>) φιάλην καὶ ἀράκτην H.; ἐξ ἀρ(α)κίδων (cod. ἄρκιαων)· ἐκ φιαλῶν H. (ε 3603Derivatives: ἀρακτῆρα· ἀμελκτῆρα H. derived from ἀράκτηνOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The form with - κτ- proves a substr. word (Fur. index). (It is unnecessary to assume - α- in ἀρκίδων.) Fur. 308, 319 further compares ἄροκλον (Nic. fr. 129) = φιάλη, with κτ \> κλ for which he gives parallels; α\/ο is well known in substr. words.Page in Frisk: 1,128Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρακις
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108 βακτηρία
βακτηρία, βάκτρονGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `staff, stick, scepter (as symbol of judges)' (Ar.).Other forms: Also βακτήριον (Ar.), βακτηρίδιον (H.), βακτηρίς, - ίδος f. (Achae. [?]). Cf. βάκτρον n. `stick, cudgel' (A.).Dialectal forms: Cypr. pakara LSJ Supp.Derivatives: βακτρεύω `prop' (arg. metr. in S. OC), βάκτρευμα (E.; βακτηρεύω (Suid.) influenced by βακτηρία.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: βακτηρία looks like an abstract formation from *βακτήρ, with βάκτρον like ἀροτήρ beside ἄροτρον. One compares βάκται ἰσχυροί H. (doubtful) and βακόν (improbable). - To Lat. baculum `staff, stick', from * bak-tlo-m (but s. Pisani REIE 3, 53); from baculum again βάκλον `stick, cudgel' (Aesop.); also OIr. bacc `hook, crook' etc. Pok. 93 gives other, quite doubtful, forms. A loanword; from Europe?Page in Frisk: 1,211-212Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βακτηρία
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109 βάκτρον (1)
βακτηρία, βάκτρονGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `staff, stick, scepter (as symbol of judges)' (Ar.).Other forms: Also βακτήριον (Ar.), βακτηρίδιον (H.), βακτηρίς, - ίδος f. (Achae. [?]). Cf. βάκτρον n. `stick, cudgel' (A.).Dialectal forms: Cypr. pakara LSJ Supp.Derivatives: βακτρεύω `prop' (arg. metr. in S. OC), βάκτρευμα (E.; βακτηρεύω (Suid.) influenced by βακτηρία.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: βακτηρία looks like an abstract formation from *βακτήρ, with βάκτρον like ἀροτήρ beside ἄροτρον. One compares βάκται ἰσχυροί H. (doubtful) and βακόν (improbable). - To Lat. baculum `staff, stick', from * bak-tlo-m (but s. Pisani REIE 3, 53); from baculum again βάκλον `stick, cudgel' (Aesop.); also OIr. bacc `hook, crook' etc. Pok. 93 gives other, quite doubtful, forms. A loanword; from Europe?Page in Frisk: 1,211-212Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάκτρον (1)
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110 γάγγραινα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `gangrene', illness that eats away the flesh (Hp.).Other forms: Cf. γάγγραινα φαγέδαινα. S οἱ δε καρκίνος etc. H.Derivatives: γαγγραινόομαι, γαγγραίνωσις etc. (Hp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: For the suffix cf. φαγέδαινα. Basis uncertain; cf. Chantr. Form. 108f., perhaps *γάγγρων, *γάγγρος, or *γάγγρα. Alexander Polyhistor in St. Byz. s. Γάγγρα gives this word as a goat. In antiquity compared with γράω `devour', which is certainly incorrect. See Solmsen Wortforsch. 231f. Most probably a Pre-Greek word (a-vocalism, - αινα, prenasalization?). Cf. καρκίνος.Page in Frisk: 1,281Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάγγραινα
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111 εἰλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wind around, envelop, cover' (Il.)Other forms: (Arat. 432; καταείλυον v. l. Ψ 135 for - νυον, - νυσαν), perf. med. εἴλῡμαι, fut. κὰδ δέ... \/ εἰλύσω Φ 319, aor. κατ-ειλύσαντε (A. R. 3, 206); εἰλύομαι `wind itself and curl, sneak forward' (S. Ph. 291 and 702, `swarm' (Com.), aor. pass. ἐλύσθη `rolled', ἐλυσθείς, Theoc. 25, 246 therefor εἰλυθείς; A. R. 3, 296 εἰλυμένος).Compounds: Some prefixed compounds: κατ-ειλύω (Hdt.), δι-ειλυσθεῖσα `sneaking through' (A. R. 4, 35), ἐξ-ειλυσθέντες (Theoc. 24, 17), συν-ειλύω (EM 333, 42).Derivatives: From ἐλῠ-: ἔλῠ-τρον `envelop, shell, container' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλυτρόομαι (Hp.); ἔλῡμα `plough-beam' (Hes., length sec., s. below), in H. also = νύσσα (`turning point in a career') καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον, cf. εἴλυμα; ἔλῠμος a Phrygian pipe (S., Com.), in H. also `envelop'; ἔλυστα ἄμπελος μέλαινα H. (- σ- as in ἐλύσθη, s. below); deverbative ἐλύσσει εἰλεῖται H. - From εἰλῡ-: εἴλῡμα `envelop' (ζ 179 etc., cf. ἔλυμα); εἰλυθμός `hiding-place, hole' (Nic.), ap. H. = ἕλκος, τρόμος (to εἰλύομαι); εἰλυός = εἰλεός s. v.; εἴλυσις `sneaking forward' (sch. on εἰλύομαι); εἰλύτας, ἐλλύτας name of a cake' (inscr., H., ἐλύτης gramm.; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 171f.); deverbat. εἰλύσσεται εἰλεῖται H. (cf. ἐλύσσει) with εἰλυστήριον (gloss.). - From ἀλῠ- (zero grade): ἅλυσις, ἀλύτας, s. vv. - S. also πέλλυτρον and γολύριον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el-u- `envelop, cover'Etymology: The gloss γέλουτρον ἔλυτρον, ἤγουν λέπυρον H. gives PGr. Ϝέλυ-τρον, identical with Skt. varu-tra- n. `Obergewand' (gramm.). εἰλύω can be from PGr. *Ϝελ-ν-ύ-ω and agree with Skt. vr̥ṇóti `envelop, cover' (IE *u̯l̥-ne-u-ti); but the Greek word is late and rare which makes the identification less probable, s. below. Disyllabic Ϝελυ- in (Ϝ)ελύ-σ-θη etc. (with analogical - σ-; Schwyzer 761) also in Arm. gelu-m `turn' (formation not certain) and in Lat. volvō; an iterative formation of it is Goth. walwjan, OE wealwian `revolve (onself)'. Note (Ϝ)έλῡ-μα with the same sec. long vowel as Lat. volūmen; further Arm. gelumn `turning'. - In the Greek system the perfect εἴλῡμαι \< *Ϝέ-Ϝλῡ-μαι (with long vowel; Ϝ- uncertain s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 131 and Schwyzer 649e) was important; both in (late) εἰλῦσαι and εἰλυσθείς and in the many nouns in εἰλῡ- it was decisive. - Ample discussion (partly diff.) in Solmsen Unt. 232ff.Page in Frisk: 1,461-462Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλύω
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112 ἔνερθε(ν)
ἔνερθε(ν)Grammatical information: adv., prep.Meaning: `(from) below, below'.Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?Page in Frisk: 1,514-515Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)
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113 εὔοχθος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of δαῖτες (B. Fr. 18, 4), βορά (E. Ion 1169), γῆ (Hom. Epigr. 7, 2), perh. `rich, luxuriant, fruitful'.Derivatives: εὐοχθέω of people (Hes. Op. 477, Rhian. 1, 9) `be rich, luxuriant'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Connection with ὄχθος, ὄχθη `hight, steep shore' gives no satisfactory meaning. Either εὔοχθος must be separated, or there was an unknown meaning. - Fur. 127 connects ἀκτή `corn', which is quite acceptable (cf. ib. ἀκτή \/ ὄχθη `cliff' etc.Page in Frisk: 1,590Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὔοχθος
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114 ἤνυστρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `the fourth stomach of ruminants, rennet-stomach'; also a dish (Ar., Arist.);Other forms: ἐν- (LXX)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The form with ἐν- after ἔντερα, ἐγκοίλια (but it is very late)? From ἤνυστρον, if from *Ϝήνυστρον, differs a Northgerman. word for `rennet-stomach', e. g. Norw. dial. vinstr f. only as regards the quantity of the first syllable and the colour of the intermediate vowel; Gr. - υ- may be analogical after ὑστέρα. As basis we could assume IE *u̯ē̆nes-tro-, - trā-. Further there is, with a different suffix, OHG wanast ` Wanst', also `the first stomch of ruminants', Skt. vaniṣṭhú- m. etwa `entrail' (used as an offering). - Lidén KZ 61, 19ff. with criticism of other views. - A digamma is uncertain. Connection with Germanic words seems most improbable, as with Sanskrit (the forms are not well comparable). I think the ending in - στρον is Pre-Greek (Beekes. Pre-Greek, Suffixes s.v. - στρ-). Fur. 258 ν. 42 points to the variation ε\/η for which he gives parallels.Page in Frisk: 1,638Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἤνυστρον
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115 θρίαμβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of hymns sung at the feasts for Dionysos (Cratin. 36), also said of the god ( Trag. Adesp. 140 u. a.); hell.also rendering of Lat. triumphus (Plb., D. S.);Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like διθύραμβος, ἴαμβος (s. vv.) and like these prob. Pre-Greek. Often (after Sommer Lautstud. 58ff.) connected with the numeral `three' ("Dreischritt" v.t.), which is impossible. Extensive treatment by v. Windekens Orbis 2, 489ff., who takes θρίαμβος as (Indo-European) "Pelasgian" and gives a quite arbitrary IE etymology. - Acc. to Sturtevant ClassPhil. 5, 323ff. from θριάζω, θρίασις influenced by ἴαμβος; further Theander Eranos 15, 126 n. 1. - Fur.191 connects τριάζω `conquer'. Clearly a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,682-683Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρίαμβος
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116 θρώσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spring, leap upon, rush, dart' (Il.);Other forms: θρῴσκω, Schwyzer 710, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 317), aor. θορεῖν, fut. θοροῦμαι (Il.), ἔθρωξα (Opp.), perf. ptc. f. τεθορυίης (Antim. 65); after θορεῖν the pres. θόρνυμαι (Hdt. 3, 109, [S.] Fr. 1127, 9, Nic. Th. 130) for original θάρνυσθαι = κυΐσκεσθαι (H.; thematic θαρνεύει ὀχεύει; s. also on θρέομαι),Derivatives: 1. From θρω-: θρωσμός ( θρῳσμός) `springing, rising' (Κ 160, Λ 56 = Υ 3; A. R. 2, 823; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 239); θρῶσις `cord, line' (Theognost., H.). 2. From the aorist: θορός m. (Hdt., Hp., Arist.), θορή f. (Hdt., Alcmaion) `mascul. seed', prop. "springer" or "jumper" (cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 88, Schwyzer 459); from there θορικός `belonging to the seed' (Arist.), θοραῖος `containing seed etc.' (Nic., Lyc.), θορώδης `id.' (Gal.), θορόεις `consisting of seed' (Opp.); denomin. verb θορίσκομαι `receive semen' (Ant. Lib.; cf. κυΐσκομαι). - On θοῦρος s. v.Etymology: The only certain comparison gives MIr. dairim `leap upon' with the nouns der `young girl' (\< * dherā), Welsh - derig `rutty' (Fick 2, 142, Loth Rev. celt. 41, 378f.). On the ablaut cf. βλώσκω, μολεῖν, μολοῦμαι (s. v.), and s. Schwyzer 696 and 747. The root was * dʰerh₃-; * dʰrh₃- giving θρω- before consonant, θαρ- before vowel; θορή contains old -o: * dʰorh₃-; the form with θαρν(ευ-) goes back on an old nasal present, * dʰr-n-(e)h₃- which would have given *θαρνω-μι. The fut. θορέομαι may go back with metathesis on *θερο- \< * dʰerh₃- (Ruiperez, Emerita 18 (1950) 386-407); the aorist will have its vocalism from here.Page in Frisk: 1,689Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρώσκω
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117 θύλακος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sack, bag, mostly of leather' (IA);Other forms: θυλλίς θύλακος H, θυλίδες οἱ θύλακοι H.; also θῦλαξ (Com.; backformation from θυλάκιον?, Kalén Quaest. gramm. graecae 106)Compounds: As 2. member in παρσουλακίρ (= παραθυλακίς) τὸν τρίβωνα, ὅταν γένηται ὡς θύλακος H. (Lac.).Derivatives: Diminut.: θυλάκιον (IA), θυλακίς f. (Ael.), θυλακίσκος m. (Com., Dsc.). Other: θυλακή `scrotum' ( Hippiatr.), θυλακώδης (Thphr.), θυλακόεις (Nic.) `sack-like'; θυλακῖτις in plant names (Dsc.): θ. μήκων (after the capsules of the seeds), θ. νάρδος (after the acorn-like root-stock; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36); θυλακίζειν τὸ ἀπαιτεῖν τι ἑπόμενον μετὰ θυλάκου. Ταραντῖνοι H. - Short form, poss. with hypocoristic gemination: θυλ(λ)ίς H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained; prob. foreign, like σάκκος. - Removing a κ-suffix gives *θῡλ(ο)- which has been compared with Lith. dundùlis `puffed, big-bellied', if from *dul-dùlis (Persson Beitr. 2, 798 n. 1; other suggestion by Fraenkel Lit. et Wb. s. demblỹs), in the end connected with 1. θύω; cf. Slav., e. g. Russ. dutь `blow' with dúlo `mouth (of a gun, a canon)', Ukr. dúɫo `bellows'. - The forms θαλλίς μάρσιππος μακρός, θάλλικα σάκκου εἶδος H.. with different vowel, are unexplained. - The suffix - ακ- shows Pre-Greek origin (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes).Page in Frisk: 1,691Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύλακος
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118 θύον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: name of a tree, of which the wood was burned for its good fragrance, `life-tree' (ε 60, hell.). `Callitris quadrivalvis'. DELG also gives Juniperus foetidissimus (s.v. θύω 2).Derivatives: θυῖον `resin' (Thphr.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: One suggests a primary deriv. of 2. θύω; cf. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17. S. 2. θύω. The relation of these forms is not clear to me; it seems not very probable that two distinct trees had nearly identical names.Page in Frisk: 1,694Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύον
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119 θύ̄ω 1
θύ̄ω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `rush in, sethe, storm, rage' (Il.)Other forms: also θυίω (Hom., h. Merc. 560; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 51 and 372), θύ̄νω (Il.), ipf. also ε᾽θύνεον (Hes.), aor. ἔθῡσα (Call. Fr. 82),Derivatives: θυ(ι)άς, - άδος f. "the storming one", `thyiade, Bacchante' (A., Tim.), also θυῖα f. (Str. 10, 3, 10 [and S. Ant. 1151, lyr.?]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 95); Θυῖα n. name of a Dionysos-feast in Elis (Paus. 6, 26, 1), Θυῑος name of a Thessal. and Boeotian month (inscr.); Θυώνη surn. of Semele (h. Hom., Sapph., Pi.); also θύστα θυῖα and θυστάδες νύμφαι τινές, αἱ ἔνθεοι, καὶ Βάκχαι H.; Θυστήριος surn. of Bakchos (EM); θῦνος πόλεμος, ὁρμή, δρόμος H. (from θύνω; not = Skt. ptc. dhūna-); θῦσις (Pl. Kra. 419e as explanation of θυμός). Deverbat.: θυάω `be rutty, of swines' (Arist.; after βακχάω, μαργάω a. o.; s. Schwyzer 726 n. 2). Unclear θυωθείς μανείς, ὁρμήσας H. - On θύελλα and θύσθλα s. v. Here also θυάκται m. pl. (Troizen IIa), if = `mystae sive thiasotae'; cf Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 174; DELG refers this to θύω 2.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: θύ̄νω has been analysed as *θύ-νϜ-ω (with ἐθύνεον \< *ἐ-θύ-νεϜ-ον), an old νῡ-present and identified with Skt. dhū̆-nó-ti `schütteln' (Schwyzer 696 a. n. 2). But I don't see what `schütteln' has to do with our verb. - For θυστάδες, θύσθλα one posited a stem θυσ-, which has also been posited for θυίω, if from *θύσ-ι̯ω (Schulze Q. 313 n. 5, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 37; diff. J. Schmidt KZ 27, 294f.; s. also Schwyzer 686 ε). It is however not certain that this supposed *θυσ- has anything to do with our verb. This *θυσ- has been connected with Lat. fur-ō, - ere, s. W.-Hofmann s. v., where also other interpretations are given; we can therefore better leave furō on itself. See also 2. θύω. - The hesitation between θύω 1 and θύω 2 shows how uncertain the interpretation is. I wonder whether *θυσ- is not of foreign origin. Note rare forms or meanings as θύστα, θυτάδες, θυάω. Pok. 261ff. gives anenormous amount of forms and meanings, but no close parallel for the meaning of θύω 1. In the present situation, without further research, nothing can be said.Page in Frisk: 1,697-698Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύ̄ω 1
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120 θώραξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `cuirass' (Il.), `trunk, chest' (Hp.).Dialectal forms: Myc. to-ra-ke n.pl.Derivatives: θωρακεῖον (A., inscr.), θωράκιον (Plb.) `breastwork, parapet'; θωρηκτής `soldier with cuirass' (Il.; on the formation Trümpy [s. below] Redard Les noms grecs en - της 14, 232 n. 8), θωρακίτης `id.' (Plb.); θωρακικός `belonging to the trunk' (Aët.), θωρακαῖος `with cuirass (?)' (Delos IIa). Denomin. verbs: 1. θωρήσσομαι, -ω `put on a cuirass, armour yourself' (Il.), also metaph. `strengthen onseself (with wine, οἴνῳ, etc.)' (Hp., Thgn.) with θώρηξις `drinking to intoxication' (medic.). 2. θωρακίζω `armour' (Th., X.) with θωρακισμός (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical word without etymology, probably a loan. Earlier as inherited connected with Skt. dhāraka- `container' (cf. on θρᾶνος, θρόνος), but also as LW [loanword] compared with Lat. lōrīca. The meaning `trunk etc.' is prob. as medical term secondary against `cuirass, armour'. - Ample treatment by Trümpy Fachausdrücke 10ff. Also Hester, Lingua 13 (1965) 354. - Most prob. a Pre-Greek word; Fur. 302 n. 35 points to a v.l. θύραξ, which would prove Pre-Greek origin (Fur. gives more examples of ω\/υ; I think that Pre-Gr. u often was rendered by ω, as it did not have a phoneme ω, nor ο); the suffix -ᾱκ- is very frequent in Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,700Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θώραξ
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