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united+internet

  • 21 maraña

    f.
    1 trick, snarl.
    2 thicket.
    3 tangle, knot, snarl-up.
    * * *
    1 (espesura) thicket
    2 (enredo) tangle
    3 (asunto confuso) muddle, mess
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=maleza) thicket, tangle of plants
    2) [de hilos] tangle
    3) (=enredo) mess, tangle

    una maraña de pasillos — a maze o labyrinth of passages

    4) * (=truco) trick, ruse
    5) And small tip
    * * *
    a) (de hilos, cabello) tangle
    b) (de arbustos, malezas) tangle of vegetation
    c) (lío, confusión) tangled mess

    es una maraña de personajes y relaciones — it is a complicated o tangled web of characters and relationships

    * * *
    = morass, tangled web, tangle, miasma, garble, snarl, snarl-up.
    Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex. A reason for this can be found in the tangled web of social services and welfare provisions that prevail in the United States and which are infinitely more complicated than in Britain.
    Ex. This project is designed to enable users everywhere to navigate through the information technology tangle.
    Ex. The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.
    Ex. For some other slants on this topic, see these two blogs; but beware, as they do contain some notable garbles and omissions.
    Ex. His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.
    Ex. However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.
    ----
    * maraña de intrigas = web of intrigue.
    * maraña de mentiras = web of lies, web of deception.
    * maraña política = political thicket.
    * * *
    a) (de hilos, cabello) tangle
    b) (de arbustos, malezas) tangle of vegetation
    c) (lío, confusión) tangled mess

    es una maraña de personajes y relaciones — it is a complicated o tangled web of characters and relationships

    * * *
    = morass, tangled web, tangle, miasma, garble, snarl, snarl-up.

    Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.

    Ex: A reason for this can be found in the tangled web of social services and welfare provisions that prevail in the United States and which are infinitely more complicated than in Britain.
    Ex: This project is designed to enable users everywhere to navigate through the information technology tangle.
    Ex: The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.
    Ex: For some other slants on this topic, see these two blogs; but beware, as they do contain some notable garbles and omissions.
    Ex: His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.
    Ex: However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.
    * maraña de intrigas = web of intrigue.
    * maraña de mentiras = web of lies, web of deception.
    * maraña política = political thicket.

    * * *
    1 (de hilos, cabello) tangle
    un ovillo hecho una maraña a tangled ball of wool
    2
    (de arbustos, malezas): mi jardín es una verdadera maraña my garden is a real tangle of weeds o is a real jungle
    con un machete se abrió paso en la maraña he hacked his way through the tangled vegetation with a machete
    3
    (lío, confusión): el argumento es una maraña de personajes y relaciones the plot is a complicated o tangled web of characters and relationships
    no sé cómo entiende esta maraña de números I don't know how he can understand this mess o jumble of numbers
    * * *

    maraña sustantivo femenino
    tangle;

    maraña sustantivo femenino tangle

    ' maraña' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    enredo
    English:
    tangle
    - web
    * * *
    1. [de cabellos, hilos] tangle;
    encontré el interruptor entre una maraña de cables I found the switch amid a tangle of electric cables
    2. [maleza] thicket;
    la maraña de arbustos no nos permitía avanzar the dense undergrowth prevented us from going any further
    3. [complicación] tangle;
    están intentando desenrollar la maraña de normas que regulan el sector they are trying to unravel the tangle of regulations that regulate the industry;
    no hay quien se entienda con la maraña de idiomas que se hablan allí nobody can understand the jumble of languages they speak there;
    le cuesta mucho encontrar lo que busca en la maraña de Internet he finds it difficult to find what he's looking for on-line, the Internet is such a maze
    * * *
    f
    1 de hilos tangle
    2 ( lío) jumble
    * * *
    1) : thicket
    2) enredo: tangle, mess

    Spanish-English dictionary > maraña

  • 22 simplón

    adj.
    gullible, simple, naive.
    m.
    simpleton, half-wit, simpleminded, Simple Simon.
    * * *
    1 simple, naive
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 simpleton
    * * *
    simplón, -ona
    1.
    ADJ simple, gullible
    2.
    SM / F simple soul, gullible person
    * * *
    I
    - plona adjetivo (fam) gullible, dumb (colloq)
    II
    - plona masculino, femenino (fam) dope (colloq); gullible fool
    * * *
    = simpleton, slowpoke, drongo.
    Ex. A chapter each is devoted to the comic hero, comedian, humorist, rogue, trickster, clown, fool, underdog, and simpleton.
    Ex. The United States is starting to look like a slowpoke on the Internet -- examples abound of countries that have faster broadband connections.
    Ex. Now I know to you inteligent types this sounds a simple problem but to a drongo like me it is like quantum physics!!!.
    * * *
    I
    - plona adjetivo (fam) gullible, dumb (colloq)
    II
    - plona masculino, femenino (fam) dope (colloq); gullible fool
    * * *
    = simpleton, slowpoke, drongo.

    Ex: A chapter each is devoted to the comic hero, comedian, humorist, rogue, trickster, clown, fool, underdog, and simpleton.

    Ex: The United States is starting to look like a slowpoke on the Internet -- examples abound of countries that have faster broadband connections.
    Ex: Now I know to you inteligent types this sounds a simple problem but to a drongo like me it is like quantum physics!!!.

    * * *
    ( fam); gullible, dumb ( colloq)
    masculine, feminine
    ( fam)
    sucker ( colloq), dope ( colloq), gullible fool
    * * *

    simplón,-ona adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino simpleton: es un simplón, se cree cualquier cosa que le digas, he's a real dunce, he believes everything you tell him
    argumento simplón, a facile argument
    ' simplón' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    simple
    - simplona
    English:
    greenhorn
    * * *
    simplón, -ona Fam
    ♦ adj
    naive
    ♦ nm,f
    naive person;
    ser un simplón to be naive
    * * *
    m, simplona f fam
    sucker fam

    Spanish-English dictionary > simplón

  • 23 tortuga

    f.
    1 tortoise (terrestrial).
    2 turtle, tortoise.
    * * *
    1 (de tierra) tortoise
    2 (marina) turtle
    \
    andar a paso de tortuga / ir a paso de tortuga figurado to walk at a snail's pace
    * * *
    SF [de tierra] tortoise; (tb: tortuga marina) turtle
    * * *
    femenino (Zool) ( de tierra) tortoise, turtle (AmE); ( de mar) turtle

    ser or parecer una tortuga — (fam) to be a slowpoke (AmE) o (BrE) slowcoach (colloq)

    * * *
    = turtle, tortoise, slowcoach [slow coach], slowpoke.
    Ex. Their specialty may be turtles, but of the hundreds of turtle articles published they want only a few dozen, perhaps, and the rest do not fill any information need.
    Ex. In the abridged Bliss classification we find tortoises, Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, Alligators as specific terms of Reptiles.
    Ex. By today's standards, this processor is a bit of a slowcoach.
    Ex. The United States is starting to look like a slowpoke on the Internet -- examples abound of countries that have faster broadband connections.
    ----
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * paso de tortuga = snail's pace.
    * tortuga boba = loggerhead turtle.
    * tortuga de agua dulce = terrapin.
    * tortuga de río = terrapin.
    * tortuga marina = sea turtle.
    * * *
    femenino (Zool) ( de tierra) tortoise, turtle (AmE); ( de mar) turtle

    ser or parecer una tortuga — (fam) to be a slowpoke (AmE) o (BrE) slowcoach (colloq)

    * * *
    = turtle, tortoise, slowcoach [slow coach], slowpoke.

    Ex: Their specialty may be turtles, but of the hundreds of turtle articles published they want only a few dozen, perhaps, and the rest do not fill any information need.

    Ex: In the abridged Bliss classification we find tortoises, Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, Alligators as specific terms of Reptiles.
    Ex: By today's standards, this processor is a bit of a slowcoach.
    Ex: The United States is starting to look like a slowpoke on the Internet -- examples abound of countries that have faster broadband connections.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * paso de tortuga = snail's pace.
    * tortuga boba = loggerhead turtle.
    * tortuga de agua dulce = terrapin.
    * tortuga de río = terrapin.
    * tortuga marina = sea turtle.

    * * *
    A ( Zool) (de tierra) tortoise, turtle ( AmE); (de mar) turtle
    ser or parecer una tortuga ( fam); to be a slowpoke ( AmE) o ( BrE) slowcoach ( colloq)
    Compuestos:
    ● tortuga de agua dulce or de río
    terrapin
    snapper
    B (Ur) (pan) bun, bap ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    tortuga sustantivo femenino (Zool) ( de tierra) tortoise, turtle (AmE);
    ( de mar) turtle
    tortuga f (terrestre) tortoise, US turtle
    (marina) turtle
    ' tortuga' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    coraza
    - cuello
    - galápago
    - paso
    English:
    pace
    - poky
    - shell
    - terrapin
    - tortoise
    - turtle
    - snail
    * * *
    1. [animal] [terrestre] tortoise, US turtle;
    [marina] turtle; [fluvial] terrapin;
    ser una tortuga [ser lento] to be a snail;
    ir a paso de tortuga to go at a snail's pace
    2. Urug [pan] bun
    * * *
    f ZO tortoise; marina turtle;
    a paso de tortuga fig at a snail’s pace
    * * *
    1) : turtle, tortoise
    2)
    3)
    tortuga boba : loggerhead
    * * *
    1. (de tierra) tortoise
    2. (de mar) turtle

    Spanish-English dictionary > tortuga

  • 24 vencer

    v.
    consiguió vencer al cáncer he won his battle against cancer
    2 to overcome (superar) (miedo, obstáculo).
    venció al cansancio/sueño she overcame her exhaustion/sleepiness
    lo venció el cansancio he was overcome by tiredness
    3 to win (equipo, partido).
    dejarse vencer por el desánimo/la apatía to let oneself be discouraged/to give in o succumb to apathy
    4 to expire (caducar) (garantía, contrato).
    el plazo para entregar las solicitudes vence el 15 de mayo the closing date o the deadline for sending in applications is 15 May
    La garantía expira mañana The guarantee expires tomorrow.
    5 to prevail.
    6 to defeat, to conquer, to beat out, to beat.
    El equipo malo venció al campeón The lousy team defeated the champ.
    Ella vence sus miedos She conquers her fears.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ MECER], like link=mecer mecer
    1 DEPORTE to beat
    2 MILITAR to defeat, conquer, vanquish
    3 (exceder) to outdo, surpass
    4 (problema etc) to overcome, surmount
    5 (ser dominado) to overcome
    6 (romper) to break; (doblar) to bend
    1 (ganar) to win
    2 (deuda etc) to fall due, be payable
    3 (plazo) to expire
    4 (torcer) to go off to
    1 (romperse) to break; (doblarse) to bend, incline
    2 figurado (reprimir) to control oneself
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=derrotar) [+ enemigo, rival] to defeat, beat; [+ enfermedad, dolor] to beat, overcome

    vencieron al equipo visitante por 3 a 2 — they defeated o beat the visiting team 3-2

    a decir tonterías nadie le vence — when it comes to talking rubbish he's in a class of his own, no one beats him when it comes to talking rubbish

    vence a todos en elegancia — he outdoes them all in style, he beats them all for style

    2) (=controlar) [+ miedo, tentación] to overcome; [+ pasión] to control
    3) (=prevalecer) [miedo, sueño] to overcome

    me venció el pánico cuando tuve que hablarle — panic got the better of me o I was overcome with panic when I had to speak to him

    4) (Dep) [+ obstáculo] to overcome; [+ prueba] to complete; [+ distancia] to do, complete; [+ montaña] to conquer

    vencieron los 15km en dos horas — they did o completed the 15km in two hours

    5) (=hacer ceder) [+ soporte, rama] to break

    el peso de los libros ha vencido el estante — the shelf gave way under the weight of the books, the weight of the books broke the shelf

    2. VI
    1) (en batalla, partido, elecciones) to win

    ¡venceremos! — we shall win o overcome!

    por fin se dejó vencer por la curiosidad — he finally gave in to his curiosity, he finally let (his) curiosity get the better of him

    no te dejes vencer por las dificultades — don't give up in the face of difficulties, don't let difficulties get the better of you

    2) liter [amor, pasión] to triumph, be triumphant
    3) (Com) [documento, póliza, pasaporte] to expire; [inversión] to mature

    su contrato vence a final de año — his contract runs out o expires at the end of the year

    el plazo para pagar el alquiler vence mañana — the deadline for paying the rent is tomorrow, the rent is due tomorrow

    la semana que viene me vence el primer plazo del ordenador — I have to pay my first instalment on the computer next week, my first instalment on the computer is due next week

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < enemigo> to defeat, vanquish (liter); <rival/competidor> to defeat, beat
    b) <miedo/pesimismo/obstáculo> to overcome
    c) ( dominar)

    me venció el sueño/el cansancio — I was overcome by sleep/tiredness

    2.
    vencer vi
    1) ejército/equipo to win, be victorious
    2)
    a) pasaporte/garantía to expire
    b) letra to be due for payment
    3.
    vencerse v pron
    1) tabla/rama to give way, break
    2) (AmL) pasaporte/garantía to expire
    * * *
    = be due, become + overdue, become + due, conquer, win, vanquish, win out, prevail, defeat, best.
    Ex. The date due calculated by the circulation programs is always checked against the list of dates the library is closed to ensure that a document is not due when it cannot be returned.
    Ex. The full fine is charged from the time the document became overdue.
    Ex. A list of all subscriptions about to become due may be made by using this subfunction.
    Ex. The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    Ex. Those who perform in this manner can be characterized as those who would 'rather fight than win'.
    Ex. The Condensed Books series holds a unique and ubiquitous book publishing franchise that has vanquished all competitors.
    Ex. It remains to be seen which approach will win out, in the current tug-of-war.
    Ex. The emphasis on title entry came from the specialized libraries, primarily the technical libraries, that were small but had the money and the power behind them to see that their view prevails.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Dewey Decimal system defeats Truman! Library cartoons'.
    Ex. Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    ----
    * vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.
    * vencer completamente = beat + soundly.
    * vencer el miedo = face + Posesivo + fears, conquer + fear, overcome + Posesivo + fear.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < enemigo> to defeat, vanquish (liter); <rival/competidor> to defeat, beat
    b) <miedo/pesimismo/obstáculo> to overcome
    c) ( dominar)

    me venció el sueño/el cansancio — I was overcome by sleep/tiredness

    2.
    vencer vi
    1) ejército/equipo to win, be victorious
    2)
    a) pasaporte/garantía to expire
    b) letra to be due for payment
    3.
    vencerse v pron
    1) tabla/rama to give way, break
    2) (AmL) pasaporte/garantía to expire
    * * *
    = be due, become + overdue, become + due, conquer, win, vanquish, win out, prevail, defeat, best.

    Ex: The date due calculated by the circulation programs is always checked against the list of dates the library is closed to ensure that a document is not due when it cannot be returned.

    Ex: The full fine is charged from the time the document became overdue.
    Ex: A list of all subscriptions about to become due may be made by using this subfunction.
    Ex: The tools and technologies provided by the Internet enable scholars to communicate or disseminate information in ways which conquer the barriers of time and space.
    Ex: Those who perform in this manner can be characterized as those who would 'rather fight than win'.
    Ex: The Condensed Books series holds a unique and ubiquitous book publishing franchise that has vanquished all competitors.
    Ex: It remains to be seen which approach will win out, in the current tug-of-war.
    Ex: The emphasis on title entry came from the specialized libraries, primarily the technical libraries, that were small but had the money and the power behind them to see that their view prevails.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Dewey Decimal system defeats Truman! Library cartoons'.
    Ex: Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    * vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.
    * vencer completamente = beat + soundly.
    * vencer el miedo = face + Posesivo + fears, conquer + fear, overcome + Posesivo + fear.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.

    * * *
    vencer [E2 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (derrotar) ‹enemigo› to defeat, vanquish ( liter); ‹rival/competidor› to defeat, beat
    no te dejes vencer don't give in
    2 ‹pasiones/miedo› to overcome, conquer; ‹pereza/pesimismo› to overcome; ‹dificultad/obstáculo› to overcome, surmount
    no consiguieron vencer la inflación they were unable to overcome o beat inflation
    3
    «cansancio/sueño»: me venció el sueño/el cansancio I was overcome by sleep/tiredness
    dejó que la pereza/la curiosidad lo venciera he allowed his laziness/his curiosity to get the better of him
    B
    (romper): el peso venció el estante the shelf collapsed o gave way under the weight
    han vencido los resortes de la cama they've ruined o broken the bed springs
    la presión del agua venció la compuerta the water pressure burst open the hatch o caused the hatch to burst open
    ■ vencer
    vi
    A «ejército/equipo» (ganar) to win, be victorious
    ¡venceremos! we shall overcome!, we shall be victorious!
    B
    1 «pasaporte» (terminar) to expire
    el lunes vence el plazo para la entrega de solicitudes Monday is the last day o the deadline o the closing date for the submission of applications
    me vence el carnet de identidad dentro de poco my identity card expires soon
    antes de que venza la garantía before the guarantee runs out o expires
    2 «pago» to be o fall due; «letra» to mature, be due for payment
    A «tabla/rama» to give way, break
    la pata de le silla se venció por el peso the leg of the chair gave way o broke under the weight
    no te apoyes, que la mesa se puede vencer don't lean on the table, it might collapse
    B «pasaporte» to expire
    se me venció el carnet my card expired o ran out
    * * *

     

    vencer ( conjugate vencer) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ enemigo› to defeat, vanquish (liter);

    ‹rival/competidor› to defeat, beat;

    b) ‹miedo/pesimismo/obstáculo› to overcome

    c) ( dominar):


    verbo intransitivo
    1 [ejército/equipo] to win, be victorious;
    ◊ ¡venceremos! we shall overcome!

    2
    a) [pasaporte/garantía] to expire;



    vencerse verbo pronominal (AmL) [pasaporte/garantía] to expire;
    ◊ se me venció el carnet my card expired o ran out

    vencer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 Mil to defeat
    Dep to beat
    1 (resistir, dominar) to restrain
    vencer la tentación, to overcome the temptation
    2 (superar) vencer un obstáculo/una dificultad, to surmount an obstacle/a difficulty
    3 (ser dominado por) les venció la desesperación, they were overcome by despair
    nos venció el sueño, we were overcome by sleep
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (una letra, factura) to fall due
    2 (un plazo, contrato) to expire
    3 Mil Dep to win
    ♦ Locuciones: dejarse vencer: no te dejes vencer, sigue adelante, don't lose heart, go ahead

    ' vencer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aplastar
    - batir
    - ganar
    - machacar
    - poder
    - apabullar
    - arrollar
    - imponer
    - superar
    English:
    beat
    - conquer
    - defeat
    - establishment
    - expire
    - get over
    - mature
    - overcome
    - run out
    - surmount
    - warranty
    - wear down
    - grim
    - lapse
    - over
    - rout
    - run
    - vanquish
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [derrotar] [rival] to beat;
    [enemigo] to defeat;
    consiguió vencer al cáncer he won his battle against cancer
    2. [superar] [miedo, obstáculos] to overcome;
    [tentación] to resist;
    venció al cansancio/sueño she overcame her exhaustion/sleepiness;
    lo venció el cansancio he was overcome by tiredness
    3. [aventajar]
    vencer a alguien a o [m5] en algo to outdo o beat sb at sth;
    nadie lo vence a contar anécdotas no one can beat him when it comes to telling stories
    4. [hacer ceder] to break, to snap;
    el peso de los libros venció la estantería the weight of the books caused the bookshelf to collapse
    ♦ vi
    1. [equipo, partido] to win;
    [ejército] to be victorious;
    dejarse vencer por el desánimo/la apatía to let oneself be discouraged/to give in o succumb to apathy
    2. [imponerse, prevalecer] to prevail;
    al final venció el sentido común common sense prevailed in the end
    3. [caducar] [garantía, contrato] to expire;
    [deuda, pago] to fall due, to mature; [bono] to mature; Am [medicamento] to reach o pass its expiry date;
    el plazo para entregar las solicitudes vence el 15 de mayo the closing date o the deadline for sending in applications is 15th May
    * * *
    I v/t defeat; fig ( superar) overcome
    II v/i
    1 win
    2 COM de plazo etc expire
    * * *
    vencer {86} vt
    1) derrotar: to vanquish, to defeat
    2) superar: to overcome, to surmount
    vencer vi
    1) ganar: to win, to triumph
    2) caducar: to expire
    el plazo vence el jueves: the deadline is Thursday
    3) : to fall due, to mature
    * * *
    vencer vb
    1. (derrotar) to beat [pt. beat; pp. beaten] / to defeat
    2. (resultar ganador) to win [pt. & pp. won]
    el español venció en la carrera de 1.500 metros the Spaniard won the 1,500 metres race
    3. (controlar, superar) to overcome [pt. overcame; pp. overcome]

    Spanish-English dictionary > vencer

  • 25 servicio

    m.
    1 service.
    hubo que recurrir a los servicios de un abogado we had to use the services of a lawyer
    servicio discrecional private service
    servicio a domicilio home delivery service
    servicio de inteligencia intelligence service
    servicio militar military service
    servicios mínimos skeleton service
    servicio de paquetería parcel service
    servicio posventa after-sales service
    servicio público public service
    servicio secreto secret service
    los servicios sociales the social services
    2 service (funcionamiento).
    entrar en servicio to come into service
    3 duty (turno).
    estar de servicio to be on duty
    4 servants (servidumbre).
    servicio doméstico domestic help
    ¿dónde están los servicios? where are the toilets?, where's the bathroom? (United States)
    6 services (economics).
    7 serve, service (sport).
    8 favor, favour, service, accommodation.
    9 rest room, restroom, toilet room, bathroom.
    10 utility, public utility.
    11 usefulness, workability, service, helpfulness.
    12 table setting.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: serviciar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) service
    2 (criados) servants plural; (asistente) domestic help
    3 (juego, conjunto) set
    4 (favor) service, favour (US favor)
    5 DEPORTE service, serve
    6 (Also servicios) (retrete) toilet, US rest room
    \
    entrar en servicio to come into service
    estar al servicio de alguien to be at somebody's service
    estar de servicio to be on duty
    hacer servicio / prestar servicio to do a favour (US favor)
    hacer un flaco servicio familiar to do more harm than good
    poner en servicio to put into operation
    servicio incluido service charge included
    servicio a domicilio home delivery service
    servicio de urgencias emergency service
    servicio militar military service
    servicios públicos public services, utilities
    * * *
    noun m.
    •
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=ayuda, atención)
    a) [a empresa, país] service

    • al servicio de, un agente secreto al servicio de la Corona — a secret agent in the service of the Crown

    • estar de servicio — to be on duty

    estar de servicio de guardia — (Mil) to be on guard duty

    • estar fuera o libre de servicio — to be off duty

    • prestar servicio — [gen] to work; (Mil) to serve

    b) [a cliente] service

    servicio a domicilio — we deliver, home delivery service

    c) [de tren, autobús] service

    servicio a bordo — [en avión] in-flight services pl ; [en barco, tren] services on board pl

    servicio de información, servicio de inteligencia — intelligence service

    servicio de orden — [en manifestación] stewards pl, marshals pl

    servicio de préstamo a domicilio — lending facility, home lending service

    estación 1)
    2) (=funcionamiento)

    • estar en servicio — to be in service

    • entrar en servicio — to come o go into service

    • fuera de servicio — out of service

    • poner en servicio — to put into service

    está previsto poner en servicio una segunda pista de aterrizaje — there are plans to open a second runway, there are plans to put a second runway into operation o service

    3) (=beneficio) service

    es un abrigo viejo, pero me hace mucho servicio — it's an old coat, but I get a lot of use out of it

    • hacer un flaco servicio a algn — to do sb a disservice

    4) (Mil) (tb: servicio militar) military service
    5) [en un hospital] department

    "servicio de pediatría" — "paediatric department"

    servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

    6) pl servicios (Econ) public services
    7) (=retrete público) toilet, washroom (EEUU), restroom (EEUU)

    ¿dónde están los servicios? — where are the toilets?

    8) [en la mesa]
    a) [para cada comensal]
    b) (=juego) set

    servicio de café — coffee set, coffee service

    servicio de té — tea set, tea service

    9) (=servidumbre) (tb: servicio doméstico) (=personas) servants pl ; (=actividad) service, domestic service

    • escalera de servicio — service staircase

    • puerta de servicio — tradesman's entrance

    10) (Tenis) serve, service
    11) (Rel) service
    12) (Econ) [de una deuda] servicing
    13) LAm [de un automóvil] service

    le toca el servicio a los 3.000km — it's due (for) a service after 3000km

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción de servir) service

    servicio permanente or de 24 horas — round-the-clock o 24-hour service

    b) ( favor) favor*, service
    c) servicios masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl)
    2)
    a) ( funcionamiento) service, use

    ¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? — when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?

    b) ( sistema) service
    3)
    a) ( en hospital) department

    servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

    b) servicios masculino plural (Econ) public services (pl)
    4) (en restaurante, hotel)
    a) ( atención al cliente) service
    b) ( propina) service (charge)

    habitación or cuarto de servicio — servant's quarters (frml), maid's room

    6) (Mil) service
    7) ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)
    8)
    9) ( en tenis) service, serve
    10) (Relig) service
    11) (AmL) (Auto) service
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción de servir) service

    servicio permanente or de 24 horas — round-the-clock o 24-hour service

    b) ( favor) favor*, service
    c) servicios masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl)
    2)
    a) ( funcionamiento) service, use

    ¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? — when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?

    b) ( sistema) service
    3)
    a) ( en hospital) department

    servicio de urgencias — accident and emergency department, casualty department

    b) servicios masculino plural (Econ) public services (pl)
    4) (en restaurante, hotel)
    a) ( atención al cliente) service
    b) ( propina) service (charge)

    habitación or cuarto de servicio — servant's quarters (frml), maid's room

    6) (Mil) service
    7) ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)
    8)
    9) ( en tenis) service, serve
    10) (Relig) service
    11) (AmL) (Auto) service
    * * *
    servicio1
    1 = toilet, washroom, bathroom, restroom [rest room], lavatory, public toilet, little boys room, little girls room, loo.

    Ex: Such things as the minimum room temperature within one hour of starting work, the adequacy of light and ventilation, toilet provision, fire regulations and exits are all well covered in considerable detail.

    Ex: The library office is in the basement, 'downstairs' as it is euphemistically referred to, along with a staff lounge, the washrooms, heating equipment, and electrical and janitor's closets.
    Ex: This article presents a brief guide to collection development in the area of renovating kitchens and bathrooms = This artículo presenta una guía breve para el desarrollo de la colección en los temas relacionados con la reforma de cocinas y cuartos de baño.
    Ex: Airport restrooms have become popular meeting places for men looking for sexual trysts with other men.
    Ex: One very elementary kind of invitation might be the introduction of lavatories in public libraries: a facility to be found in department stores, which are interested in service to valued customers.
    Ex: This paper presents arguments for and against libraries in the USA having condom dispensing machines in their public toilets.
    Ex: When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex: When I went to the little boys/ girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex: Early on on a Friday night and three of the loos were out of order, the floor was covered in a layer of rancid water and it stank to high heaven.
    * servicios de señoras = women's room.

    servicio2
    2 = capability, facility, feature, service, servicing, utility, service charges, service facility.

    Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS contains a so-called 'help' capability.

    Ex: Apart from this additional facility Double-KWIC indexes have most of the facilities, features and drawbacks of KWIC and KWOC indexes.
    Ex: Electronic Maildrop is an online document ordering feature, where documents can be ordered from various suppliers.
    Ex: 'All aboard the orientation express' is a programme to introduce children to the services provided by the library and teach them to use the microfiche catalogue.
    Ex: There was also the difficulty that inter-departmental servicing was not undertaken in a co-operative, sharing, spirit.
    Ex: Situations where subdivisions might have had some utility are served by the co-ordination of index terms at the search stage.
    Ex: These prices include breakfast (full buffet including a large selection of hot and cold entrees, salads, cheeses, pastries, etc.) and all service charges.
    Ex: The author offer guidelines for managers and policy makers to aid the process of planning the establishment of data service facilities in a library.
    * abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.
    * adscripción en comisión de servicios = secondment.
    * agencia de servicios = service agency.
    * al servicio de = at the service of.
    * al servicio de la nación = uniformed.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * arma de servicio = service weapon.
    * bibliotecario de servicios técnicos = technical services librarian.
    * bibliotecario encargado de los servicios dirigidos a la comunidad = community services librarian.
    * bibliotecario en servicios mínimos = duty librarian.
    * bienes y servicios = goods and services.
    * buscar los servicios de = engage.
    * calidad de los servicios = service quality.
    * calidad del servicio = service quality.
    * calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.
    * callejón de servicio = service road.
    * cambiar de servicio = churn.
    * cambio de servicio = churn.
    * carta de servicios = service offer.
    * centrado en el servicio = service-focused.
    * cobro de servicios = fee services.
    * cobro por servicios = fee services, fee for services.
    * cobro por servicios prestados = fee for services.
    * comercializar un servicio = market + service, broker + service.
    * conceder comisión de servicios = second.
    * Consejo de los Servicios de Biblioteconomía y Documentación (LISC) = Library and Information Services Council (LISC).
    * contratar los servicios de Alguien = enrol [enroll -USA].
    * convocatoria de oferta de servicios = invitation to tender (ITT).
    * dar servicio = service.
    * dar un servicio = do + service.
    * dedicado al servicio = service-oriented.
    * departamento de servicios técnicos = technical services department.
    * de servicio = on duty, on call.
    * de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.
    * de servicio al usuario = client-serving.
    * dirigir un servicio = run + service.
    * División de Servicios Bibliográficos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLBSD) = British Library Bibliographic Services Division (BLBSD).
    * empresa de servicios = service organisation, service agency, service company.
    * empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.
    * empresa de servicio social = social utility.
    * empresa de servicios públicos = public utility, utility company.
    * en comisión de servicios = seconded.
    * estación de servicio = gas station, petrol station, service station, gasoline station.
    * estando de servicio = while on the job.
    * ética de servicio = service ethic.
    * externalización de servicios = outsourcing [out-sourcing], externalisation of services.
    * falto de servicios = underserved.
    * fuera de servicio = off-duty, decomissioned, out of commission.
    * función de servicio = service function.
    * hueco de servicio = service core.
    * impuesto de bienes y servicios = goods and services tax.
    * industria de servicios = service industry.
    * industria de servicios financieros, la = financial services industry, the.
    * instalar un servicio = mount + service.
    * jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).
    * jefe del servicio de catalogación = cataloguing head.
    * jefe del servicio de referencia = reference head.
    * libre de servicio = off-duty.
    * montar un servicio = mount + service.
    * oferta de servicios = service provision, service offer.
    * oficial de servicio = duty officer.
    * ofrecer servicio = service.
    * ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.
    * orientado al servicio de la gente = people-centred, people-centric.
    * orientado al servicio de las personas = people-centred.
    * orientado hacia el servicio = service orientated, service-focused.
    * orientar un servicio hacia = target + service.
    * período de servicio = tour of duty.
    * personal de servicios = service worker.
    * personas faltas de servicios, las = underserved, the.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * prestación de servicios = service delivery.
    * prestar un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, render + service, give + service to, deliver + service, deliver + value, produce + the goods, do + service.
    * prestar un servicio a los usuarios = serve + patrons.
    * profesional dedicado al servicio = service professional.
    * profesional dedicado a prestar un servicio a la población = service professional.
    * profesión dedicada al servicio = service profession.
    * profesión dedicada al servicio de otros = helping profession.
    * profesión dedicada a prestar un servicio a la población = service profession.
    * promover un servicio = launch + service.
    * proveedor de servicios = service supplier, service provider.
    * proveedor de servicios de Internet = Internet provider.
    * Proveedor de Servicios de Internet (ISP) = ISP (Internet Service Provider).
    * punto de servicio = service point.
    * responsable del servicio de emergencias = emergency official.
    * responsable del servicio de referencia = reference administrator.
    * separación de servicios = unbundling.
    * servicio a domicilio = home delivery.
    * servicio a través de terceros = third-party service.
    * servicio a uno mismo = self-service.
    * servicio auxiliar de apoyo familiar = respite care.
    * servicio bibliográfico = bibliographic service, bibliographic utility.
    * servicio bibliotecario = library facility, library service.
    * servicio bibliotecario mediante pago = fee-based library service.
    * servicio bibliotecario penintenciario = prison library service.
    * servicio central = main site service.
    * servicio centralizado de control de publicaciones seriadas = consolidation service.
    * servicio comercial = commercial service, commercial vendor, charged service.
    * servicio comunitario = community service.
    * servicio de acceso público = public delivery service.
    * servicio de acompañante = escort service.
    * servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.
    * servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.
    * servicio de aduanas = customs and excise agency.
    * servicio de alerta = alert service.
    * servicio de aparcacoches = valet parking.
    * servicio de apoyo = backup service, support service.
    * servicio de asesoramiento = consulting service, counselling service, advisory service.
    * servicio de asesoramiento jurídico = legal aid service.
    * servicio de asistencia = provider service.
    * servicio de atención = advisory service.
    * servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.
    * servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).
    * servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.
    * servicio de atención de día = day care.
    * servicio de autobuses = bus service.
    * servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.
    * servicio de búsqueda = search service.
    * servicio de canguros = baby-sitting service.
    * servicio de catalogación = cataloguing service.
    * servicio de compañía = escort service.
    * servicio de compra por televisión = teleshopping service.
    * servicio de compras = acquisition(s) service.
    * servicio de conexión a las redes = networking service.
    * servicio de correo = mail service.
    * servicio de correo electrónico = electronic mail service.
    * servicio de correos = postal service.
    * servicio de cuidado de día = day care.
    * servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.
    * servicio de directorios = directory service.
    * servicio de distribución = host service.
    * servicio de documentación = documentation service.
    * servicio de emergencia = emergency service.
    * servicio de entrega de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de envío = turnaround.
    * Servicio de Envío de Artículos Originales (OATS) = Original Article Tearsheet Service (OATS).
    * servicio de extensión bibliotecaria = outreach service, library extension work, extension service, outreach programme, reach out.
    * servicio de fotocopia = copying facilities.
    * servicio de fotocopias = photocopying service.
    * servicio de fotodocumentación = photocopying service.
    * servicio de habitaciones = room service.
    * servicio de impresión = offline print facility.
    * servicio de indización = indexing service.
    * servicio de indización de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals indexing service.
    * servicio de indización y resumen = indexing and abstracting service.
    * servicio de información = alerting device, information service, information delivery service, information utility.
    * servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.
    * servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.
    * servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.
    * servicio de información en línea = online information service.
    * servicio de información local = local information service.
    * servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.
    * servicio de informática = computing service.
    * servicio de inteligencia = intelligence community, intelligence agency.
    * servicio de jurado = jury duty.
    * servicio de libros a domicilio = homebound service.
    * servicio de limpieza = janitorial services.
    * servicio de mantenimiento técnico = support service.
    * servicio de mensajería = courier service.
    * servicio de microfilmación = microfilm service, microfilming service.
    * servicio de noticias = news service.
    * servicio de novedades = news alerts.
    * servicio de novedades a través del correo electrónico = e-mail alert.
    * servicio de orientación = referral service, advisory service.
    * servicio de orientación al lector = readers' advisory service point, readers' advisory service.
    * servicio de petición de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de preparación = training facility.
    * servicio de préstamo = lending service, loaner service.
    * servicio de préstamo a domicilio = home lending service.
    * servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlending service.
    * servicio de recuperación en línea = online retrieval service.
    * servicio de referencia = reference desk, reference service, enquiry service.
    * Servicio de Referencia Asistido por Ordenador (MARS) = MARS (Machine Assisted Reference Service).
    * servicio de referencia bibliotecario = library reference service.
    * servicio de referencia electrónica = electronic reference service [e-reference service].
    * servicio de referencia en vivo = live reference.
    * servicio de referencia por correo electrónico = electronic mail reference service.
    * servicio de registros MARC, el = MARC service, the.
    * servicio de reparto con furgoneta = van delivery service.
    * servicio de respuesta = turnaround.
    * servicio de restauración = caterer.
    * servicio de resúmenes = abstracting service.
    * servicio de salud pública = health service.
    * servicio de seguridad = security service.
    * servicio de suministro de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone service, mobile phone service.
    * servicio de transferencia de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de única ventanilla = one-stop service.
    * servicio doméstico = cleaning lady, domestic service, housekeeper.
    * servicio en la Guardia Nacional = National Guard duty.
    * servicio en línea = online service.
    * servicio especial de autobuses = bus shuttle service, bus shuttle, shuttle bus service, shuttle bus.
    * servicio especial de transporte = shuttle, shuttle service.
    * servicio exhaustivo = service in-depth.
    * servicio extra = frill.
    * servicio funerario = funeral service.
    * servicio gratis = frill.
    * servicio gratuito = free service.
    * servicio las 24 horas = 24 hour(s) service, 24 hour(s) service.
    * servicio médico = medical care, medical aid, medical assistance.
    * servicio meteorológico = meteorological service.
    * servicio metereológico = weather bureau, weather service.
    * servicio militar = military service, soldiering.
    * servicio militar obligatorio = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft.
    * servicio nacional = domestic service.
    * servicio no incluido = hidden extra.
    * servicio postal = postal service, postal delivery service.
    * servicio postventa = after-sales service.
    * servicio público = amenity, public service, public utility, utility service.
    * servicio regional de sanidad = hospital board.
    * servicio relacionado con los libros = book service.
    * servicio religioso = ceremonial service.
    * servicio remoto = remote service.
    * servicios a lectores = readers' services.
    * servicios a los estudiantes = student services.
    * servicio sanitario = health service.
    * servicios automatizados = automation capabilities.
    * servicios básicos = amenities.
    * servicios bibliotecarios = library provision.
    * servicios bibliotecarios para jóvenes = youth services.
    * servicios bibliotecarios para los marginados = library services to the disadvantaged.
    * servicios bibliotecarios para los sordos = library services for the deaf.
    * servicios complementarios = added-value services.
    * servicios de asistencia = remedial services.
    * servicios de atención al estudiante = student services.
    * servicios de autopista = highway facilities.
    * servicios de cafetería = food services.
    * servicios de documentos secundarios = secondary services.
    * servicios de emergencia = emergency assistance.
    * servicios de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach.
    * servicios de información = Information and Referral services.
    * servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.
    * servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).
    * servicios de red de valor añadido (VANS) = value added network services (VANS).
    * servicios de trenes = rail facilities.
    * servicios mínimos = skeleton staff.
    * servicio social = social service.
    * servicio social sustitutorio = community service.
    * servicios orientados hacia el usuario final = end-user services.
    * servicios para adultos = adult services.
    * servicios sociales = human services, welfare services.
    * Servicios Técnicos y de Recursos para la Biblioteca (LRTS) = LRTS (Library Resources and Technical Services).
    * servicio técnico = technical service, technical support, tech support.
    * servicio telefónico = telephone service.
    * servicio universal = universal service.
    * servicio valioso = yeoman service.
    * solicitar un servicio = call on/upon + service.
    * suplemento por servicio = service charges.
    * suspender un servicio = withdraw + service.
    * tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.
    * tipo de servicio = style of service.
    * trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.
    * un servicio las 24 horas = a 24-hour service.
    * valor afectivo del servicio = affect of service.
    * vender un servicio = market + service.
    * vía de servicio = service road.

    * * *
    A
    a partir del próximo lunes estaremos a su servicio en nuestro nuevo local from next Monday we will be open for business at our new premises
    durante la guerra prestó servicio como médico en el frente during the war he served as a doctor at the front
    le regalaron un reloj cuando cumplió 20 años de servicio he was given a watch when he completed 20 years' service
    estoy de servicio I'm on duty
    un policía libre de servicio an off-duty policeman
    [ S ] servicio permanente or de 24 horas round-the-clock o 24-hour service
    2 (favor) favor*, service
    al despedirte te hizo un gran servicio he did you a great service o favor by firing you ( colloq)
    me prestó un servicio inestimable recomendándome para el trabajo she did me a really good turn o a very great service by recommending me for the job
    3 servicios mpl (asistencia) services (pl)
    me ofreció sus servicios muy amablemente he kindly offered me his services
    pasó a prestar sus servicios como asesor legal he went on to work as a legal adviser
    recurrieron a los servicios de un abogado conocido they sought the advice of a well-known lawyer
    les agradecemos los servicios prestados we would like to thank you for all your work o help
    Compuestos:
    (home) delivery service
    customer service
    support services
    catering service
    (de datos, detalles) information service; ( Mil) intelligence service
    intelligence service
    cleaning service ( BrE)
    stewards (pl), marshals (pl)
    prevention service
    security service
    train service
    transportation service ( AmE), transport service ( BrE)
    ≈ coastguard service
    diplomatic service
    ( Esp) memorandum
    after-sales service
    public service
    secret service
    mpl news services (pl)
    mpl minimum o skeleton service
    social services (pl)
    B
    1 (funcionamiento) service, use
    han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén the new platform is now in use o is now open
    ¿cuándo entra en servicio la nueva estación depuradora? when is the new purifying plant coming into operation o service?
    han suspendido el servicio hasta nuevo aviso (the) service has been interrupted until further notice
    [ S ] fuera de servicio out of service
    2 (sistema) service
    servicio de teléfonos telephone service
    servicio de trenes train service
    servicio postal mail service ( AmE), postal service ( BrE)
    todos los servicios all the main services
    el servicio de la línea 19 es pésimo the number 19 is a terrible service
    C
    1 (en un hospital) department
    servicio de ginecología gynecology department
    servicio de urgencias accident and emergency department, casualty department ( BrE)
    es jefe del servicio de cirugía he is the chief surgeon
    2 servicios mpl ( Econ) public services (pl)
    una empresa del sector servicios a company in the public service sector
    D (en un restaurante, hotel)
    1 (atención) service
    una excelente carta y un servicio esmerado an excellent menu and impeccable service
    2 (propina) service, service charge
    [ S ] servicio e impuestos incluidos tax and service included
    no nos han cobrado el servicio they haven't charged for service
    E
    (servidumbre): sólo hablan de los problemas del servicio all they talk about is the problems of having servants
    se quedaron sin servicio they were left without any domestic help
    escalera de servicio service staircase
    entrada de servicio tradesmen's entrance
    habitación or cuarto de servicio servant's quarters (pl) ( frml), maid's room
    Compuesto:
    (actividad) domestic service; (personas) servants (pl), domestic staff
    siempre ha trabajado en servicio doméstico he has always worked in domestic service, he has been in service all his life
    F ( Mil) service
    estar en servicio to be in service
    Compuestos:
    active service
    military service
    aquí no hay servicio militar obligatorio there is no compulsory military service here
    G
    1 baño (retrete) washroom ( AmE), bathroom ( esp AmE), toilet ( esp BrE)
    ¿los servicios, por favor? can you tell me where the washrooms are, please?, can you tell me where the ladies'/gents' is please? ( BrE)
    2 (orinal) chamber pot
    H
    1 (de cubiertos) set of cutlery o flatware ( AmE)
    (de loza): servicio de café coffee set
    servicio de té tea service o set
    este juego no tiene servicio de pescado there are no fish knives in this canteen o set
    2 (individual) piece
    vajilla de doce servicios twelve-piece dinner service
    I (en tenis) service, serve
    servicio de Fortín Fortín to serve
    tiene que mejorar su servicio she needs to work on her serve
    J ( Econ, Fin) (de una deuda) servicing, service
    K ( Agr) service
    L ( Relig) service
    M ( AmL) ( Auto) service
    * * *

     

    servicio sustantivo masculino
    1


    estar de servicio [policía/bombero] to be on duty;
    servicio público public service;
    servicios informativos broadcasting services (pl)
    b) ( favor) favor( conjugate favor), service

    c)

    ◊ servicios sustantivo masculino plural ( asistencia) services (pl);

    me ofreció sus servicios he offered me his services
    2 ( funcionamiento) service, use;

    han puesto en servicio el nuevo andén the new platform is now in use o is now open
    3 ( en hospital) department;

    4 (en restaurante, hotel)


    5 ( servidumbre):

    cuarto de servicio servant's quarters ;

    (frml), maid's room;


    ( personas) servants (pl), domestic staff
    6 (Mil) service;

    7 ( retrete) restroom (AmE), bathroom (esp AmE), toilet (esp BrE)
    8 ( en tenis) service, serve
    9 (Relig) service
    (AmL) (Auto) service
    servicio sustantivo masculino
    1 service
    estar de servicio, to be on duty
    servicio a domicilio, delivery service
    servicio doméstico, domestic service
    servicio militar, military service
    fuera de servicio, out of order
    2 (utilidad) use: esa mesita me hace mucho servicio, this table is very useful
    3 (conjunto) en esta mesa falta un servicio, we need to set another place at the table
    servicio de café, coffee service
    4 (cuarto de baño) toilet sing, US rest room sing
    ' servicio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acto
    - área
    - bloquear
    - camarera
    - camarero
    - cerrar
    - correo
    - dirigirse
    - disposición
    - encargar
    - exenta
    - exento
    - guardia
    - incluida
    - incluido
    - informatización
    - inteligencia
    - juventud
    - parque
    - postventa
    - posventa
    - prestar
    - prestación
    - supresión
    - suprimir
    - apto
    - asegurar
    - asistencia
    - atender
    - calidad
    - circular
    - cubierto
    - cumplir
    - doméstico
    - empleada
    - entrega
    - estación
    - exprés
    - favor
    - funcionamiento
    - funcionar
    - interrumpir
    - muchacha
    - operar
    - postal
    - puente
    - puerta
    - puesta
    - recluta
    - reparto
    English:
    after-sales
    - agent
    - answering service
    - around-the clock
    - auxiliary
    - bargain for
    - bargain on
    - bed
    - bog
    - break
    - breakdown
    - charge
    - commission
    - conscription
    - dissatisfaction
    - disservice
    - duty
    - excuse
    - foreign service
    - gent
    - ground
    - health service
    - inclusive
    - INS
    - intelligence
    - lousy
    - mail
    - National Health Service
    - off-duty
    - on
    - pay
    - privatize
    - public convenience
    - reinstate
    - room service
    - run
    - secret service
    - serve
    - service
    - service charge
    - shuttle
    - skeleton
    - support
    - toilet-train
    - toilet-training
    - tour
    - unit
    - use
    - utility
    - amenity
    * * *
    1. [prestación, asistencia, sistema] service;
    se ha suspendido el servicio en la línea 1 de autobús the number 1 bus isn't running today;
    hubo que recurrir a los servicios de una agencia inmobiliaria we had to use the services of Br an estate agent o US a real estate office;
    el servicio postal/hospitalario the postal/hospital service;
    lleva muchos años al servicio de la empresa she has worked for the company for several years;
    estamos a su servicio para lo que necesite we are at your service if you need anything;
    hacer o [m5] prestar un buen servicio a alguien [prenda, utensilio, aparato] to serve sb well;
    nos ha ofrecido sus servicios he has offered us his services;
    por los servicios prestados for services rendered;
    prestar servicio como o [m5]de to serve as
    Servicio de Administración Tributaria Br ≈ the Inland Revenue, US ≈ the IRS;
    servicio de atención al cliente customer service department;
    servicios bancarios banking services;
    servicio discrecional private service;
    servicio a domicilio home delivery service;
    servicios financieros financial services;
    servicios informativos [de cadena de radio, televisión] news service;
    servicio de inteligencia intelligence service;
    servicio en línea on-line service;
    servicio de mensajería courier service;
    servicio militar military service;
    hacer el servicio militar to do one's military service;
    servicios mínimos [en huelga] skeleton service;
    servicio de paquetería parcel service;
    servicio posventa after-sales service;
    servicio de prensa press department;
    servicio público public service;
    servicio religioso religious service;
    servicio secreto secret service;
    servicios sociales social services;
    servicio técnico technical assistance;
    servicio de urgencias Br casualty department, US emergency room;
    servicio de veinticuatro horas round-the-clock service
    2. [funcionamiento] service;
    entrar en servicio to come into service;
    estar fuera de servicio [máquina] to be out of order
    3. [servidumbre] servants;
    el servicio está fatal hoy en día you just can't find the staff these days
    servicio doméstico domestic help
    4. [turno] duty;
    estar de servicio to be on duty
    servicio activo [en el ejército] active service o duty
    5. [en tenis, squash] serve, service;
    primer/segundo servicio first/second serve o service;
    al servicio, Ríos Ríos to serve;
    mantener el servicio to hold one's serve
    6. [cubierto] place setting
    7. [juego de tazas, platos]
    servicio de café/té coffee/tea set;
    servicio de mesa dinner service
    8. [en restaurante] [atención al cliente] service;
    [recargo] service charge;
    dan un servicio pésimo the service is awful;
    el servicio está incluido service is included;
    servicio no incluido service is not included
    9.
    servicios [sector terciario] services;
    una empresa de servicios a services company;
    el sector servicios the services sector
    10. Esp [WC] toilet, US bathroom;
    ¿dónde están los servicios? where are the toilets?, US where's the bathroom?;
    el servicio de señoras/caballeros the ladies/gents
    * * *
    m
    1 service;
    estar al servicio de be at the service of;
    hacer un buen servicio a alguien do s.o. a great service;
    estar de servicio be on duty;
    2
    :
    servicios pl restroom sg, Br toilets
    :
    fuera de servicio TÉC out of order;
    poner en servicio put into service
    * * *
    1) : service
    2) saque: serve (in sports)
    3) servicios nmpl
    : restroom
    * * *
    1. (en general) service
    2. (aseo) toilet
    3. (en tenis) serve / service
    4. (asistente) domestic help

    Spanish-English dictionary > servicio

  • 26 History of volleyball

    ________________________________________
    William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball
    ________________________________________
    William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".
    The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.
    His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.
    ________________________________________
    ________________________________________
    In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
    The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.
    Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.
    In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.
    During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.
    On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.
    In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
    1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.
    1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba
    1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports
    1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico
    1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay
    1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games
    1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to Brazil
    In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".
    1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.
    In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
    1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.
    In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
    In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.
    In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.
    1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American life
    In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
    In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
    In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.
    Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass
    1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organized
    In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.
    In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
    In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
    1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.
    1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries
    1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball
    1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.
    1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.
    1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)
    1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California
    1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.
    In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
    The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.
    In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
    1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.
    1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.
    In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
    In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).
    In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).
    In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
    In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.
    In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
    In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.
    In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.
    In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.
    In 1990, the World League was created.
    In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.
    In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.
    In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
    In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics
    There is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.
    ________________________________________
    Copyright (c)Volleyball World Wide
    Volleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWW
    http://www.Volleyball.ORG/

    English-Albanian dictionary > History of volleyball

  • 27 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 28 cesta

    f.
    1 basket (canasta).
    (el precio de) la cesta de la compra the cost of the average week's shopping
    2 filing tray, tray.
    * * *
    1 basket
    2 DEPORTE (baloncesto) basket; (pelota) pelota basket, jai-alai basket
    \
    cesta de la compra shopping basket
    cesta de Navidad Christmas hamper
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=canasta) basket
    - llevar la cesta

    cesta de la compra — shopping basket; (Econ) cost of a week's shopping

    cesta de Navidad — Christmas box, Christmas hamper

    2) [en baloncesto, pelota vasca] basket
    * * *
    1) ( recipiente) basket
    2) (esp AmL) ( en baloncesto) basket
    * * *
    = basket, hamper.
    Ex. Type that was not in use was stored in baskets or paper wrappers.
    Ex. Actually there are lots of uses for a hamper it is not just for a laundry but it is also for groceries, toys, sports materials, beach picnic, and many more.
    ----
    * cesta colgante para plantas = hanging basket.
    * cesta de la compra = food bill, shopping basket, food basket.
    * cesta de la compra, la = cost of living index.
    * cesta de la ropa sucia = linen basket, wash basket.
    * cesta de Navidad = Christmas hamper.
    * cesta de ropa = laundry tub.
    * cesta para pescar langostas = lobster trap.
    * una manzana podrida echar a perder el resto de la cesta = one rotten apple spoils the whole barrel.
    * * *
    1) ( recipiente) basket
    2) (esp AmL) ( en baloncesto) basket
    * * *
    = basket, hamper.

    Ex: Type that was not in use was stored in baskets or paper wrappers.

    Ex: Actually there are lots of uses for a hamper it is not just for a laundry but it is also for groceries, toys, sports materials, beach picnic, and many more.
    * cesta colgante para plantas = hanging basket.
    * cesta de la compra = food bill, shopping basket, food basket.
    * cesta de la compra, la = cost of living index.
    * cesta de la ropa sucia = linen basket, wash basket.
    * cesta de Navidad = Christmas hamper.
    * cesta de ropa = laundry tub.
    * cesta para pescar langostas = lobster trap.
    * una manzana podrida echar a perder el resto de la cesta = one rotten apple spoils the whole barrel.

    * * *
    A (en Internet) shopping cart
    B (canasta) basket
    una cesta de mimbre a wicker basket
    Compuestos:
    ( Esp) (canasta) shopping basket; ( Econ) average cost of a week's shopping; (en Internet) shopping cart
    Christmas hamper
    C ( Econ) basket
    * * *

     

    cesta sustantivo femenino


    cesta punta ( deporte) pelota;

    ( canasta) basket ( for playing pelota)
    b) (esp AmL) ( en baloncesto) basket

    cesta sustantivo femenino basket
    cesta de Navidad, Christmas hamper
    ' cesta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    brazo
    - capazo
    - colmar
    English:
    basket
    - hamper
    - handle
    - pannier
    - cage
    * * *
    cesta nf
    1. [canasta] basket;
    Econ
    (el precio de) la cesta de la compra the cost of the average week's shopping;
    Informát
    cesta (de la compra o [m5] de pedidos) [en página web] shopping basket o US cart
    Econ cesta de monedas basket of currencies;
    cesta de Navidad Christmas hamper
    2. [en baloncesto] [aro] basket
    3. [en baloncesto] [tanto] basket
    4. [deporte] cesta punta jai alai, pelota [played with basket-like rackets]
    * * *
    f basket
    * * *
    cesta nf
    1) : basket
    2) : jai alai racket
    * * *
    cesta n basket

    Spanish-English dictionary > cesta

  • 29 integrar

    v.
    1 to integrate (gen) & (Mat).
    2 to make up.
    * * *
    1 (formar) to make up
    ■ ¿qué países integran las Naciones Unidas? which countries make up the United Nations?
    2 (ayudar a la integración) to integrate, fit in
    1 to integrate
    \
    integrarse en un país to become integrated into a country
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=componer) to make up
    2) (=incorporar) [+ funciones, servicios] to incorporate, include

    han integrado bien los muebles en el resto de la decoración — they have integrated o incorporated the furniture very well into the rest of the decor

    3) (Mat) to integrate
    4) (Econ) (=reembolsar) to repay, reimburse; Cono Sur (=pagar) to pay up
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up
    2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate
    3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate
    4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay
    2.
    integrarse v pron
    a) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit in

    integrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something

    b) ( unirse)

    integrarse a or en algo — to join something

    * * *
    = absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].
    Ex. For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.
    Ex. The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.
    Ex. The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.
    Ex. This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.
    Ex. The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.
    Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.
    Ex. Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.
    Ex. In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.
    Ex. This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).
    Ex. One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.
    Ex. String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.
    ----
    * integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.
    * integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.
    * integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.
    * integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.
    * poderse integrar en = be integrable in.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up
    2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate
    3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate
    4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay
    2.
    integrarse v pron
    a) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit in

    integrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something

    b) ( unirse)

    integrarse a or en algo — to join something

    * * *
    = absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].

    Ex: For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.

    Ex: The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.
    Ex: The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.
    Ex: This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.
    Ex: The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.
    Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.
    Ex: Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.
    Ex: In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.
    Ex: This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).
    Ex: One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.
    Ex: String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.
    * integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.
    * integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.
    * integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.
    * integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.
    * poderse integrar en = be integrable in.

    * * *
    integrar [A1 ]
    vt
    A (formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make up
    integran el jurado actores y directores the jury is made up of o composed of actors and directors
    la comisión está integrada por representantes de ambos países the commission is made up of o comprises representatives from both countries
    los países que integran la organización the countries which make up o form the organization
    B (incorporar) integrar algo/a algn A or EN algo:
    ha conseguido integrar todos estos elementos en la película she has managed to incorporate all these elements into the movie
    estos dos bancos se han integrado al grupo Tecribe these two banks have been incorporated into o have become part of the Tecribe group
    una empresa integrada en el grupo Oriol a company which forms part of the Oriol group
    para integrar al niño en el grupo to integrate the child into the group
    C ( Mat) to integrate
    D (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay
    1 (asimilarse) to integrate, fit in integrarse A or EN algo to integrate INTO sth, fit INTO sth
    le fue difícil integrarse a or en esa sociedad he found it difficult to integrate into that society o fit into that society
    se va a integrar muy rápido al or en el equipo he'll fit into the team very quickly
    2 (unirse) integrarse A or EN algo to join sth
    cuando España se integró a la Comunidad Europea when Spain joined the European Community
    * * *

     

    integrar ( conjugate integrar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make up
    2 ( incorporar) ‹idea/plan› to incorporate
    3 (Mat, Sociol) to integrate
    4 (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay
    integrarse verbo pronominal

    integrarse a or en algo to integrate into sth, fit into sth
    b) ( unirse) integrarse a or en algo to join sth

    integrar vtr (componer, formar parte de) to compose, make up: cinco científicos y un filósofo integran la expedición, the expedition consists of five scientists and one philosopher
    ' integrar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    incorporar
    English:
    integrate
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [incluir] to integrate;
    han integrado un chip en el motor the motor has a chip built into it;
    integra fax y fotocopiadora en un solo aparato it combines a fax and a photocopier in one machine;
    su objetivo es integrar a los inmigrantes en la comunidad their aim is to integrate immigrants into the community
    2. [componer] to make up;
    integran la comisión expertos en el tema the committee is made up of o composed of experts on the subject;
    3. Mat to integrate
    4. CSur [pagar] to pay
    * * *
    v/t integrate; equipo make up
    * * *
    : to make up, to compose

    Spanish-English dictionary > integrar

  • 30 sabelotodo

    f. & m.
    know-it-all, clever-dick, know-all, smart aleck.
    m.&f. s&pl.
    know-all (British), know-it-all (United States) (informal).
    * * *
    1 peyorativo know-all, know-it-all
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (fam) know-it-all (AmE colloq), know-all (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    = clever-clogs, know-all, know-it-all, clever dick, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], nerd, geek, smart alec(k).
    Ex. Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.
    Ex. Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.
    Ex. Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.
    Ex. This is mentioned only by clever dicks who want to get one back on pianists.
    Ex. I've always considered myself something of a nerd, even back when being nerdy wasn't cool -- nowadays, everyone thinks they're a nerd.
    Ex. A stereotypical image of a teenage nerd emerged in the drawings of secondary students but not in elementary children's drawings.
    Ex. The book has the title 'The geek's guide to Internet business success'.
    Ex. A smart-alec guy in the back of the room raised his hand and asked, 'What would you say if tomorrow I said I was suffering from complete and utter sexual exhaustion?'.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (fam) know-it-all (AmE colloq), know-all (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    = clever-clogs, know-all, know-it-all, clever dick, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], nerd, geek, smart alec(k).

    Ex: Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.

    Ex: Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.
    Ex: Clever-clogs is British slang for a know-all or know-it-all.
    Ex: This is mentioned only by clever dicks who want to get one back on pianists.
    Ex: I've always considered myself something of a nerd, even back when being nerdy wasn't cool -- nowadays, everyone thinks they're a nerd.
    Ex: A stereotypical image of a teenage nerd emerged in the drawings of secondary students but not in elementary children's drawings.
    Ex: The book has the title 'The geek's guide to Internet business success'.
    Ex: A smart-alec guy in the back of the room raised his hand and asked, 'What would you say if tomorrow I said I was suffering from complete and utter sexual exhaustion?'.

    * * *
    ( fam):
    un niño sabelotodo a little smartass o smart aleck ( colloq), a little know-it-all ( AmE) o ( BrE) know-all
    ( fam)
    smartass ( colloq), smart aleck ( colloq), know-it-all ( AmE colloq), smarty pants ( AmE colloq), know-all ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

    sabelotodo sustantivo masculino y femenino (fam) know-it-all (AmE colloq), know-all (BrE colloq)
    sabelotodo adjetivo & m,f inv know-all, US know-it-all
    ' sabelotodo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    repelente
    English:
    know-all
    - smart arse
    - smart ass
    - smartarse
    - know
    * * *
    ♦ adj inv
    niños sabelotodo little Br know-alls o US know-it-alls;
    tus amigos sabelotodo your Br know-all o US know-it-all friends
    ♦ nmf
    Br know-all, US know-it-all
    * * *
    m fam
    know-it-all, Br
    know-all
    * * *
    sabelotodo nmf, fam : know-it-all
    * * *
    sabelotodo n know all

    Spanish-English dictionary > sabelotodo

  • 31 tropezar

    v.
    to trip or stumble.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ EMPEZAR], like link=empezar empezar
    1 (trompicar) to trip, stumble
    2 figurado (encontrar a alguien) to come ( con, across), bump ( con, into)
    3 figurado (encontrar dificultades etc) to come up ( con, against), run ( con, into)
    4 figurado (estar en desacuerdo) to disagree ( con, with)
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [con los pies] to trip, stumble

    tropezó y por poco se cae — he tripped o stumbled and nearly fell

    ¡cuidado, no tropieces! — mind you don't trip up!

    2) (=chocar)

    tropezar con o contra algo — to bump into sth

    tropezar con o contra un árbol — to bump into a tree

    3) (=enfrentarse)

    tropezar con algo — to run into sth, encounter sth

    tropezamos con una dificultad — we ran into o encountered a difficulty

    tropezó con muchos obstáculos durante su carrera política — she came up against o encountered numerous obstacles in her political career

    4) (=encontrarse)

    tropezar con algn — to bump into sb, run into sb

    he tropezado con María en la facultad — I bumped o ran into María in the department

    5) (=reñir)
    6) (=cometer un error) to err, make a mistake
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (al caminar, correr) to stumble, trip

    tropezar CON algo — <con piedra/escalón> to trip over something; con árbol/muro to walk (o run etc) into something

    tropezar CON algo — con dificultad/problema to come up against something

    tropezar CON alguien — to run o bump into somebody (colloq)

    2.

    tropezarse CON alguien — to run o bump into somebody (colloq)

    * * *
    Ex. For some people the best way of progressing through the Internet may be by stumbling at the obstacles but persevering in the effort to move forward.
    ----
    * tropezar con = bump into, run into, trip on, run up against, cross + Posesivo + path.
    * tropezar con dificultades = run into + difficulties.
    * tropezar con problemas = run into + problems.
    * tropezar los unos con los otros = trip over + each other.
    * tropezar una persona con otra = fall over + each other's feet.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (al caminar, correr) to stumble, trip

    tropezar CON algo — <con piedra/escalón> to trip over something; con árbol/muro to walk (o run etc) into something

    tropezar CON algo — con dificultad/problema to come up against something

    tropezar CON alguien — to run o bump into somebody (colloq)

    2.

    tropezarse CON alguien — to run o bump into somebody (colloq)

    * * *

    Ex: For some people the best way of progressing through the Internet may be by stumbling at the obstacles but persevering in the effort to move forward.

    * tropezar con = bump into, run into, trip on, run up against, cross + Posesivo + path.
    * tropezar con dificultades = run into + difficulties.
    * tropezar con problemas = run into + problems.
    * tropezar los unos con los otros = trip over + each other.
    * tropezar una persona con otra = fall over + each other's feet.

    * * *
    tropezar [A6 ]
    vi
    A
    1 (con los pies) to stumble, trip tropezar CON algo to trip OVER sth
    2 (chocar) tropezar CON algo ‹con un árbol/un muro› to walk ( o run etc) INTO sth
    B
    1 tropezar CON algo ‹con una dificultad/un problema› to come up AGAINST sth
    tropezó con muchos inconvenientes she came up against o encountered a lot of difficulties
    tropezó con la oposición de los vecinos she came up against o she met with opposition from the neighbors
    2 tropezar CON algn (encontrar) to run o bump INTO sb ( colloq)
    (encontrarse) tropezarse CON algn to run o bump INTO sb ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    tropezar ( conjugate tropezar) verbo intransitivo
    a) (al caminar, correr) to stumble, trip;

    tropezar CON algo ‹con piedra/escalón› to trip over sth;
    ‹con árbol/muro› to walk (o run etc) into sth
    b) ( encontrarse) tropezar CON algo ‹con dificultad/problema› to come up against sth;

    tropezar CON algn to run o bump into sb (colloq)
    tropezarse verbo pronominal ( encontrarse) tropezarse CON algn to run o bump into sb (colloq)
    tropezar verbo intransitivo
    1 (dar un traspié) to trip, stumble
    (con algo) tropezó con la caja, he tripped over the box
    (chocar) to bump
    2 (con dificultades, etc) tropezamos con muchos problemas, we ran into a lot of problems
    ' tropezar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    encontrar
    - tropezón
    - tropiece
    - tropieza
    English:
    blunder
    - encounter
    - fall over
    - meet with
    - run up against
    - stumble
    - trip
    - run
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [con los pies] to trip o stumble ( con on, over);
    tropecé con el bordillo y me caí I tripped on the Br kerb o US curb and fell over;
    tropezar dos veces con la misma piedra to make the same mistake twice;
    el hombre es el único animal que tropieza dos veces con la misma piedra man is the only animal that doesn't learn from its mistakes
    2. [por casualidad]
    tropezar con alguien to bump o run into sb
    3. [enfrentarse]
    tropezar con [obstáculo, problema] to come up against;
    tropezaron con la negativa de la dirección a colaborar they came up against management's refusal to collaborate
    4. [chocar]
    tropezar con to bump into;
    tropezó con una farola she bumped into a lamppost
    5. [equivocarse] to slip up, to make a mistake
    * * *
    v/i
    1 trip, stumble
    2 ( chocar)
    :
    tropezar con tb fig bump into
    * * *
    tropezar {29} vi
    1) : to trip, to stumble
    2) : to slip up, to blunder
    3)
    tropezar con : to run into, to bump into
    4)
    tropezar con : to come up against (a problem)
    * * *
    1. (chocar) to trip [pt. & pp. tripped]
    2. (encontrar) to run into [pt. ran; pp. run]

    Spanish-English dictionary > tropezar

  • 32 vínculo

    m.
    link, bond, relation, connection.
    * * *
    1 tie, bond, link
    2 DERECHO entail
    3 figurado link
    \
    vínculos familiares family ties
    * * *
    noun m.
    bond, link, tie
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=relación, lazo) link, bond

    vínculo de parentesco — family ties [pl], ties [pl] of blood

    2) (Jur) entail
    * * *
    1) (unión, relación) tie, bond
    2) (Der) entailment
    * * *
    = bonding, bond, tie, nexus.
    Ex. The authors suggest that there should be a bonding between and among governing agencies and local schools.
    Ex. Networking creates bonds where none may have existed and multiplies individual capabilities manifold.
    Ex. Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.
    Ex. The author explores the nexus between record keeping and the execution of government 'watchdog' functions.
    ----
    * crear vínculos = build up + links.
    * crear vínculos afectivos = bond.
    * establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.
    * establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.
    * * *
    1) (unión, relación) tie, bond
    2) (Der) entailment
    * * *
    = bonding, bond, tie, nexus.

    Ex: The authors suggest that there should be a bonding between and among governing agencies and local schools.

    Ex: Networking creates bonds where none may have existed and multiplies individual capabilities manifold.
    Ex: Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.
    Ex: The author explores the nexus between record keeping and the execution of government 'watchdog' functions.
    * crear vínculos = build up + links.
    * crear vínculos afectivos = bond.
    * establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.
    * establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

    * * *
    A (unión, relación) tie, bond
    están unidos por vínculos de amistad they are united by ties o bonds of friendship
    el vínculo matrimonial the bond of matrimony
    estrechar los vínculos entre los dos países to strengthen the bonds o ties o links between the two countries
    B ( Der) entailment
    * * *

     

    Del verbo vincular: ( conjugate vincular)

    vinculo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    vinculó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    vincular    
    vínculo
    vincular ( conjugate vincular) verbo transitivo
    a) (conectar, relacionar) vínculo algo/a algn a or con algo/algn to link sth/sb to o with sth/sb;

    ◊ están vinculados por lazos de amistad they are linked by bonds o ties of friendship;

    grupos estrechamente vinculados closely linked groups

    vínculo sustantivo masculino (unión, relación) tie, bond;

    vincular verbo transitivo
    1 (unir, relacionar) to link, connect
    2 (comprometer) to bind
    vínculo sustantivo masculino link: no había vínculo alguno entre ambos crímenes, there was no link between the two murders
    el vínculo del matrimonio, the bond of matrimony

    ' vínculo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    lazo
    - familiar
    - hermanastro
    - nexo
    English:
    bond
    - liaison
    - link
    - tie
    * * *
    1. [lazo] [entre hechos, países] link;
    [personal, familiar] tie, bond;
    mantenían vínculos comerciales con Oriente Medio they maintained commercial o trading links with the Middle East;
    los unía un vínculo muy profundo they shared a very deep bond
    vínculos de parentesco family ties
    2. Informát link
    3. Der entail
    * * *
    m link; fig ( relación) tie, bond
    * * *
    lazo: tie, link, bond
    * * *
    vínculo n link

    Spanish-English dictionary > vínculo

  • 33 circular

    adj.
    1 circular.
    Su forma es circular Its shape is circular.
    2 orbicular.
    f.
    leaflet, circular, circular letter, flier.
    Ella me entregó la circular ayer She gave me the leaflet yesterday.
    v.
    1 to flow or circulate.
    2 to circulate.
    El sospechoso circuló mucho tiempo The suspect circulated a long time.
    La prensa circuló el rumor The press circulated=spread the rumor.
    3 to go round.
    4 to be spread, to go round.
    El rumor circula desde ayer The rumor was spread since yesterday.
    5 to distribute, to circulate, to deal out, to hand around.
    Ella circuló las invitaciones She circulated=handed out the invitations.
    * * *
    1 circular
    1 (carta) circular, circular letter
    1 (gen) to circulate, move, go round
    2 (líquido, electricidad) to circulate, flow
    3 (coche) to drive; (trenes, autobuses) to run; (peatón) to walk
    4 figurado (rumor etc) to spread, get round
    \
    'Circule por la derecha' "Keep to the right"
    ¡circulen! move along!
    * * *
    1. noun f. adj. 2. verb
    2) run
    3) walk
    4) flow
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [vehículo] to run

    el metro no circula los domingos — the underground does not run on Sundays, there is no underground service on Sundays

    este tren circula a muy alta velocidad — this train goes o travels o runs at very high speeds

    2) [peatón] to walk

    por favor, circulen por la acera — please walk on the pavement

    ¡circulen! — move along!

    3) [ciudadano, mercancía] to move around
    4) [moneda] to be in circulation
    5) [sangre] to circulate; [agua] to flow
    6) [rumor] to go round, circulate
    2.
    3.
    ADJ (=redondo) circular

    un salón con o de forma circular — a circular o round hall

    4.
    SF (=carta) circular
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo circular
    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow
    2)
    a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductor

    circulen, por favor! — move along please!

    b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate
    3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation
    4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around
    2.
    circular vt to circulate
    III
    femenino circular
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo circular
    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow
    2)
    a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductor

    circulen, por favor! — move along please!

    b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate
    3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation
    4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around
    2.
    circular vt to circulate
    III
    femenino circular
    * * *
    circular1
    1 = memo [memorandum], memorandum [memoranda -pl.; memo -abr.], news-sheet [newsheet], newsletter, circular letter.

    Ex: In most cases there was little substitution of e-mail for letters, memos, telephone calls, meetings or travel.

    Ex: Among the documents that are worthy of consideration for abstracting are those which convey information that is likely to be difficult to access, such as foreign documents or internal reports and memoranda and other documents which a limited circulation.
    Ex: Short abstracts comprising only one or two sentences, for instance, may be valuable in commercial information services, or local government news-sheets of the type produced by public libraries.
    Ex: A newsletter is a serial publication consisting of one or a few printed sheets containing news and/or information of interest to a special group.
    Ex: The computer is also programmed to print out circular letters and address labels to obtain up-dated information, which are sent to agencies every six months.

    circular2
    2 = roundabout, circular, rotary, cyclic.

    Ex: 'I think that's about it, isn't it, Malcolm?' she said, rubbing her hands with a roundabout motion.

    Ex: Products under threat include; greeting cards, circulars, information sheets, newspapers and magazines.
    Ex: In 1895 a good London bindery would have the following machines: hand-fed folding machines, sewing machines, nipping machines (for pressing the sewn books before casing-in), cutting machines, rounding machines, backing machines, straight-knife trimming machines (guillotines), rotary board-cutting machines, power blocking presses, and hydraulic standing presses.
    Ex: This algorithm handles cyclic graphs without unfolding the cycles nor looping through them.
    * bandeja circular para diapositivas = carousel.
    * presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.
    * sierra circular = buzz saw, circular saw.
    * tesauro circular = circular thesaurus.

    circular3
    3 = make + the rounds, range, pump, cruise, drive, drive along.

    Ex: You may have seen the lines making the rounds of library e-mail: 'A Zen librarian searched for 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 million hits'.

    Ex: We will be bringing scholars from all over the world both to range widely in our multiform collections and put things together rather than just take them apart.
    Ex: All air entering the building should be pumped through tanks of water to remove pollutants.
    Ex: The system also has an add-on, which allows users with low vision to cruise the Internet using a low vision interface.
    Ex: Tomás Hernández drove cautiously in the torrential rain, trying not to swerve on the slick pavement of the turnpike.
    Ex: A motorist who drove along 20ft of a railway line told police officers his sat nav had directed him to turn on to the track.
    * apto para circular = roadworthy.
    * circulaba el rumor de que = rumour had it that.
    * circula el rumor de que = rumour has it that.
    * circular de uno a otro = flow + back and forth.
    * circular libremente = wander + at large.
    * circular por = navigate (through).
    * dejar de circular = drop out of + circulation.
    * hacer circular = pass around.
    * hacer circular por = circulate round.
    * rumor + circular = rumour + circulate.

    * * *
    1 ‹movimiento› circular
    de forma circular circular, round
    2 ‹ruta› circular
    circular2 [A1 ]
    vi
    A «sangre/savia» to circulate, flow; «agua/corriente» to flow
    B
    1 «transeúnte/peatón» to walk
    el tráfico circulaba a 25 km/h the traffic was traveling at 25 kph
    circulan por la izquierda they drive on the left
    apenas circulaba gente por las calles there was hardly anybody (walking) in the streets
    ¡circulen, por favor! move along please!
    2 «autobús/tren» (estar de servicio) to run, operate
    el autobús que circula entre estas dos poblaciones the bus which runs o operates between these two towns
    C «dinero/billete/sello» to be in circulation
    D «noticia/rumor» to circulate, go around ( colloq)
    circulan rumores sobre su divorcio there are rumors going around o circulating about their divorce
    ■ circular
    vt
    to circulate
    circular
    * * *

     

    circular 1 adjetivo
    circular;

    ■ sustantivo femenino
    circular
    circular 2 ( conjugate circular) verbo intransitivo
    a) [sangre/savia] to circulate, flow;

    [agua/corriente] to flow
    b) [transeúnte/peatón] to walk;

    ( referido al tráfico):

    c) [autobús/tren] ( estar de servicio) to run, operate

    d) [dinero/billete/sello] to be in circulation

    e) [noticia/rumor/memo] to circulate, go around

    verbo transitivo
    to circulate
    circular
    I adj (con forma de círculo) circular
    II f (notificación) circular
    III verbo intransitivo
    1 (la sangre) to circulate
    (un líquido, el aire) to flow
    2 (tren, autobús) to run: los coches circulaban a gran velocidad, the cars were being driven very fast
    (un peatón) to walk: peatón, circule por la izquierda, (en letrero) pedestrians, keep left
    3 fig (difundirse un rumor) to go round
    (moneda) to be in circulation
    ' circular' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rotonda
    - redondel
    English:
    bandy about
    - circular
    - circulate
    - flow
    - get about
    - go about
    - move along
    - move on
    - pass round
    - pie chart
    - put about
    - roadworthy
    - run
    - disk
    - mingle
    - move
    - road
    - round
    - socialize
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    circular
    ♦ nf
    circular
    ♦ vi
    1. [líquido] to flow, to circulate ( por through); [aire] to circulate;
    abre la ventana para que circule el aire open the window to let some air in
    2. [persona] to move, to walk ( por around);
    ¡por favor, circulen! move along, please!
    3. [vehículos] to drive ( por along);
    este autobús no circula hoy this bus isn't running today;
    el tren de alta velocidad circula a 200 km/h the high-speed train travels at 200 km/h;
    en el Reino Unido se circula por la izquierda they drive on the left in the United Kingdom
    4. [moneda] to be in circulation
    5. [capital, dinero] to circulate
    6. [difundirse] to go round;
    circula el rumor de que ha muerto there's a rumour going round that he's died;
    la noticia circuló rápidamente the news quickly got round
    ♦ vt
    [de mano en mano] to circulate;
    hicieron circular un documento secreto entre los periodistas they had a secret document circulated among the press
    * * *
    I adj circular
    II f circular
    III v/i
    1 circulate
    2 AUTO drive, travel
    3 de persona move (along);
    ¡circulen! move along!
    * * *
    1) : to circulate
    2) : to move along
    3) : to drive
    : circular
    : circular, flier
    * * *
    1. (sangre) to circulate
    2. (coche) to drive [pt. drove; pp. driven]
    circulan muchos coches por esta calle a lot of cars use this street / this is a very busy street
    3. (tren, autobús) to run [pt. ran; pp. run] / to operate
    1.700 autobuses circulan por la capital there are 1,700 buses operating in the capital
    4. (rumor) to go round

    Spanish-English dictionary > circular

  • 34 lien

    lien [ljɛ̃]
    masculine noun
       a. ( = attache) bond
       b. ( = corrélation) link
    * * *
    ljɛ̃
    nom masculin
    1) ( attache) strap; ( plus fin) string; fig bond

    se libérer de ses liens — lit to free oneself of one's bonds; fig to shake off one's ties

    2) ( rapport) connection, link
    3) ( relation) gén link, tie; ( d'ordre affectif) tie, bond

    ses liens avec la pègre — his/her connections ou links with the underworld

    * * *
    ljɛ̃ nm
    1) (affectif) tie, bond, (culturel) link, tie

    des liens étroits — close links, close ties

    2) (= rapport, analogie) link, connection

    Il n'y aucun lien entre ces deux événements. — There's no connection between these two events.

    3) INTERNET link
    4) (= corde) bond
    * * *
    lien nm
    1 ( attache) ( pour une personne) bond littér, strap; ( pour un objet) gén strap; ( plus fin) string; fig bond; se libérer de ses liens lit, fig to free oneself of one's bonds; ses liens l'avaient blessé aux poignets his wrists were injured where they had been tied;
    2 ( rapport) connection, link; les deux événements n'ont aucun lien entre eux there is absolutely no connection ou link between the two events;
    3 ( relation) gén link, tie; ( d'ordre affectif) tie, bond; liens économiques/diplomatiques economic/diplomatic links ou ties; ses liens avec la pègre sont bien connus his connections ou links with the underworld are well-known; lien d'amitié ties of friendship; liens affectifs emotional ties ou bonds; liens de parenté/du sang family/blood ties; il n'a aucun lien de parenté avec elle he's not related to her at all; être uni par les liens du mariage to be joined ou united in marriage.
    [ljɛ̃] nom masculin
    1. [entre des choses] link, connection
    lien de cause à effet causal relationship, relationship of cause and effect
    2. [entre des gens] link, connection
    nouer des liens d'amitié to make friends, to become friends
    les liens conjugaux ou du mariage marriage bonds ou ties
    ils ont un vague lien de parenté there is some distant family connection between them, they're distantly related
    3. [lanière] tie

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > lien

  • 35 set

    1.
    [set]transitive verb, -tt-, set
    1) (put) (horizontally) legen; (vertically) stellen

    set the proposals before the board — (fig.) dem Vorstand die Vorschläge unterbreiten od. vorlegen

    set something against something — (balance) etwas einer Sache (Dat.) gegenüberstellen

    2) (apply) setzen
    3) (adjust) einstellen (at auf + Akk.); aufstellen [Falle]; stellen [Uhr]

    set the alarm for 5.30 a.m. — den Wecker auf 5.30 Uhr stellen

    4)

    be set — (have location of action) [Buch, Film:] spielen

    set a book/film in Australia — ein Buch/einen Film in Australien spielen lassen

    5) (specify) festlegen [Bedingungen]; festsetzen [Termin, Ort usw.] ( for auf + Akk.)

    set the interest rate at 10 % — die Zinsen auf 10 % festsetzen

    6) (bring into specified state)

    set something/things right or in order — etwas/die Dinge in Ordnung bringen

    set somebody thinking that... — jemanden auf den Gedanken bringen, dass...

    7) (put forward) stellen [Frage, Aufgabe]; aufgeben [Hausaufgabe]; vorschreiben [Textbuch, Lektüre]; (compose) zusammenstellen [Rätsel, Fragen]

    set somebody a task/problem — jemandem eine Aufgabe stellen/jemanden vor ein Problem stellen

    set [somebody/oneself] a target — [jemandem/sich] ein Ziel setzen

    8) (turn to solid) fest werden lassen
    9) (lay for meal) decken [Tisch]; auflegen [Gedeck]
    10) (establish) aufstellen [Rekord, Richtlinien]
    11) (Med.): (put into place) [ein]richten; einrenken [verrenktes Gelenk]
    12) (fix) legen [Haare]

    set eyes on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas sehen

    13) (Printing) setzen
    14)
    15)

    be set on a hill — [Haus:] auf einem Hügel stehen

    2. intransitive verb,
    -tt-, set
    1) (solidify) fest werden
    2) (go down) [Sonne, Mond:] untergehen
    3. noun
    1) (group) Satz, der

    set [of two] — Paar, das

    chess set — Schachspiel, das

    2) see academic.ru/66102/service">service 1. 9)
    3) (section of society) Kreis, der
    4) (Math.) Menge, die
    5)

    set [of teeth] — Gebiss, das

    6) (radio or TV receiver) Gerät, das; Apparat, der
    7) (Tennis) Satz, der
    8) (of hair) Frisieren, das; Einlegen, das
    9) (Cinemat., film): (built-up scenery) Szenenaufbau, der; Dekoration, die
    10) (acting area for film)
    4. adjective
    1) (fixed) starr [Linie, Gewohnheit, Blick, Lächeln]; fest [Absichten, Zielvorstellungen, Zeitpunkt]

    be set in one's ways or habits — in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein

    2) (assigned for study) vorgeschrieben [Buch, Text]
    3) (according to fixed menu)

    set meal or menu — Menü, das

    4) (ready)

    be/get set for something — zu etwas bereit sein/sich zu etwas fertig machen

    be/get set to leave — bereit sein/sich fertig machen zum Aufbruch

    all set? — (coll.) alles klar od. fertig?

    be all set to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

    be set on something/doing something — zu etwas entschlossen sein/entschlossen sein, etwas zu tun

    be [dead] set against something — [absolut] gegen etwas sein

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    [set] 1. present participle - setting; verb
    1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) stellen, legen, setzen
    2) (to put plates, knives, forks etc on (a table) for a meal: Please would you set the table for me?) decken
    3) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) festlegen
    4) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) stellen
    5) (to cause to start doing something: His behaviour set people talking.) veranlassen
    6) ((of the sun etc) to disappear below the horizon: It gets cooler when the sun sets.) untergehen
    7) (to become firm or solid: Has the concrete set?) festwerden
    8) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) einstellen
    9) (to arrange (hair) in waves or curls.) herrichten
    10) (to fix in the surface of something, eg jewels in a ring.) fassen
    11) (to put (broken bones) into the correct position for healing: They set his broken arm.) richten
    2. adjective
    1) (fixed or arranged previously: There is a set procedure for doing this.) das Set
    2) ((often with on) ready, intending or determined (to do something): He is set on going.)
    3) (deliberate: He had the set intention of hurting her.) wohlüberlegt
    4) (stiff; fixed: He had a set smile on his face.) starr
    5) (not changing or developing: set ideas.) fest
    6) ((with with) having something set in it: a gold ring set with diamonds.) eingefaßt
    3. noun
    1) (a group of things used or belonging together: a set of carving tools; a complete set of (the novels of) Jane Austen.) der Satz
    2) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) das Gerät
    3) (a group of people: the musical set.) der Kreis
    4) (the process of setting hair: a shampoo and set.) das Legen
    5) (scenery for a play or film: There was a very impressive set in the final act.) der Szenenaufbau
    6) (a group of six or more games in tennis: She won the first set and lost the next two.) der Satz
    •
    - setting
    - setback
    - set phrase
    - set-square
    - setting-lotion
    - set-to
    - set-up
    - all set
    - set about
    - set someone against someone
    - set against someone
    - set someone against
    - set against
    - set aside
    - set back
    - set down
    - set in
    - set off
    - set something or someone on someone
    - set on someone
    - set something or someone on
    - set on
    - set out
    - set to
    - set up
    - set up camp
    - set up house
    - set up shop
    - set upon
    * * *
    [set]
    1. pred (ready) bereit, fertig
    ▪ to be [all] \set [for sth] [für etw akk] bereit sein
    be \set to leave by 8 a.m. um 8 Uhr solltest du startklar sein
    to get \set to do sth sich akk darauf vorbereiten, etw zu tun
    ready, get \set, go! auf die Plätze, fertig, los!
    we were just getting \set to leave when... wir wollten gerade gehen, als...
    2. (fixed) pattern, time fest[gesetzt]
    \set expression [or phrase] feststehender Ausdruck
    \set meal Stammessen nt, Stammgericht nt ÖSTERR; (dish of the day) Tagesgericht nt
    \set menu Tageskarte f
    \set price Festpreis m, Fixpreis m
    at \set times zu festen Zeiten
    3. (expression of face) starr
    her face took on a \set expression ihre Miene erstarrte
    \set smile aufgesetztes Lächeln
    4. (unlikely to change)
    to have a \set idea about sth eine feste Vorstellung von etw dat haben
    to have become a \set habit zur festen Gewohnheit geworden sein
    to be \set in one's ways in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein
    5. (likely)
    Manchester United looks \set for victory es sieht ganz so aus, als würde Manchester United gewinnen
    the rain is \set to continue all week der Regen wird wohl noch die ganze Woche andauern
    6. attr, inv (assigned) number, pattern vorgegebene(r, s); subject also bestimmte(r, s)
    \set book [or text] Pflichtlektüre
    ▪ to be [dead] \set against sth [vollkommen] gegen etw akk sein
    ▪ to be [dead] \set on sth zu etw akk [wild] entschlossen sein
    II. NOUN
    1. (collection, group) of glasses, stamps etc. Satz m; (of two items) Paar nt; of clothes etc. Set nt, Garnitur f
    he's got a complete \set of Joyce's novels er hat eine Gesamtausgabe von Joyce
    box[ed] \set Box-Set nt (ein komplettes Set etwa von CDs oder Videokassetten, das in einem Schuber o.Ä. erhältlich ist)
    chemistry \set Chemiekasten m
    chess \set Schachspiel nt
    a \set of chromosomes ein Chromosomensatz m
    \set of encyclopaedias Enzyklopädiereihe f
    \set of lectures Vortragsreihe f
    \set of rules Regelwerk nt
    tea \set Teeservice nt
    \set of teeth Gebiss nt
    tool \set Werkzeugsatz m
    \set of twins Zwillingspaar nt
    2. + sing/pl vb (group of people) [Personen]kreis m, Clique f fam
    she's got in with a very arty \set sie bewegt sich neuerdings in sehr ausgewählten Künstlerkreisen
    the fashion \set die Modefreaks pl sl
    the literary \set die Literaten pl
    the smart \set die Schickeria meist pej
    3. BRIT SCH (class) Kurs f
    4. THEAT Bühnenbild nt, Bühnenausstattung f; FILM Szenenaufbau m; (film location) Drehort m
    on the \set bei den Dreharbeiten; (location) am Set
    5. (appliance) Gerät nt; (television) Fernsehgerät nt, Fernseher m; (radio) Radio[gerät] nt
    colour \set Farbfernseher m
    an electric fondue \set ein elektrisches Fonduegerät
    6. SPORT Satz m
    to win a \set einen Satz gewinnen
    7. MATH Menge f
    \set theory Mengenlehre f
    8. MUS Block m
    data \set Datensatz m; (file) Datei f
    10. TYPO (width of character) Set nt o m fachspr
    11. BOT (young plant) Setzling m; (bulb) Knolle f
    12. (coat of plaster) Feinputz m
    13. (sett) Bau m
    14. no pl of eyes, jaw Stellung f; of shoulders Haltung f
    15. no pl (hair arrangement)
    to have a shampoo and \set sich dat die Haare waschen und legen lassen
    16. no pl see mindset
    17. no pl of the current, tide Richtung f, Lauf m
    18. no pl AUS, NZ ( fam: grudge)
    to get a \set on sb [die] Wut auf jdn kriegen fam
    19. no pl HUNT Vorstehen nt fachspr
    21. no pl TECH (in metal, wood, etc.) Durchbiegung f fachspr
    22.
    ▶ to make a \set at sb BRIT sich akk an jdn ranmachen fam
    <set, set>
    ▪ to \set sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwohin stellen; (on its side) jdn/etw irgendwohin legen
    the cat \set a dead mouse in front of us die Katze legte uns eine tote Maus vor
    \set the bricks one on top of the other setze einen Klotz auf den anderen
    to \set a chair by the bed/window einen Stuhl ans Bett/Fenster stellen
    to \set sb on his/her way ( fig) jdn losschicken
    I \set her above all others für mich ist sie die Allergrößte
    2. usu passive (take place in, be located)
    ▪ to be \set somewhere:
    ‘West Side Story’ is \set in New York ‚West Side Story‘ spielt in New York
    their house is \set on a hill ihr Haus liegt auf einem Hügel
    the novel is \set in the 16th century der Roman spielt im 16. Jahrhundert
    3. (cause to be, start)
    to \set a boat afloat ein Boot zu Wasser lassen
    to \set sth on fire etw in Brand setzen
    to \set sth in motion etw in Bewegung setzen [o fig a. ins Rollen bringen]
    ▪ to \set sb doing sth jdn veranlassen [o dazu bringen], etw zu tun
    his remarks \set me thinking seine Bemerkungen gaben mir zu denken
    to \set sb loose [or free] jdn freilassen [o auf freien Fuß setzen]
    to \set sth right etw [wieder] in Ordnung bringen
    to \set sb straight jdn berichtigen
    these changes will \set the country on the road to economic recovery diese Änderungen werden das Land zum wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung führen
    the noise \set the dog barking wegen des Lärms fing der Hund an zu bellen
    to \set sth free etw freisetzen
    5. (adjust, prepare)
    ▪ to \set sth etw einstellen; (prepare) etw vorbereiten
    to \set the alarm for 7.00 a.m. den Wecker auf 07.00 Uhr stellen
    to \set a clock/watch eine Uhr/Armbanduhr stellen
    to \set the margin TYPO den Rand einstellen
    to \set the table den Tisch decken
    to \set a thermostat/timer einen Thermostat/Zeitmesser einstellen
    to \set a trap eine Falle aufstellen
    ▪ to \set sth etw festsetzen
    to \set the budget das Budget festlegen
    to \set a date/time einen Termin/eine Zeit ausmachen
    they still haven't \set a date for their wedding sie haben immer noch keinen Termin für die Hochzeit festgesetzt
    to \set a deadline for sb jdm eine Frist setzen
    to \set oneself a goal sich dat ein Ziel setzen
    to \set a limit eine Grenze setzen
    to \set a norm eine Norm festlegen
    to \set a price [on sth] einen Preis [für etw akk] festsetzen
    to \set one's teeth die Zähne zusammenbeißen
    ... she said, \setting her jaw firmly... sagte sie mit versteinerter Miene
    to \set a good example to sb jdm ein Vorbild sein
    to \set the pace das Tempo angeben [o bestimmen]
    to \set a record einen Rekord aufstellen
    8. ANAT
    ▪ to \set sth etw einrenken
    to \set a broken bone einen gebrochenen Knochen einrichten fachspr
    to \set sb's hair jdm die Haare legen
    to have one's hair \set sich dat die Haare legen lassen
    10. (adorn)
    ▪ to \set sth with sth etw mit etw dat besetzen
    a watch \set with sapphires eine mit Saphiren besetzte Uhr
    11. (insert)
    ▪ to \set sth in[to] sth etw in etw akk einlassen [o fassen]
    a bracelet with rubies \set in gold ein Armband mit in Gold gefassten Rubinen
    12. MUS
    to \set a poem/words etc. to music ein Gedicht/einen Text etc. vertonen
    13. esp BRIT, AUS (assign)
    to \set sb in charge of sth jdn mit etw dat betrauen
    to \set homework Hausaufgaben [o ÖSTERR a. eine Hausübung] aufgeben
    to \set a task for sb [or sb a task] jdm eine Aufgabe stellen
    to \set sb to work jdm Arbeit zuweisen
    14. COMPUT
    ▪ to \set sth (give variable a value) etw setzen; (define value) etw einstellen
    to \set a text einen Text setzen
    to be \set in Times Roman in Times Roman gesetzt sein
    16. (keep watch on)
    to \set a guard on sb jdn bewachen lassen
    17.
    to \set the scene [or stage] for sth (create conditions) die Bedingungen für etw akk schaffen; (facilitate) den Weg für etw akk frei machen
    the scene is \set for the summit next week die Vorbereitungen für das Gipfeltreffen nächste Woche sind unter Dach und Fach
    18. (sail)
    to \set course for sth auf etw akk Kurs nehmen
    to \set sail ( also fig) die Segel setzen
    to \set sail for/from... nach/von... losfahren
    19. (see)
    to \set eyes on sb/sth jdn/etw sehen
    20. (enter)
    to \set foot in [or on] sth etw betreten
    21. (calm)
    to \set one's mind at ease sich akk beruhigen
    22.
    to \set one's mind to [or on] sth (concentrate on) sich akk auf etw akk konzentrieren; (approach with determination) etw entschlossen angehen
    23.
    ▶ to \set the world [or the Thames] ablaze [or on fire] [or alight] die Welt aus den Angeln heben
    <set, set>
    1. (grow together) bones, limbs zusammenwachsen
    2. (become firm) concrete, jelly fest werden
    the glue has \set hard der Klebstoff ist ausgehärtet
    3. (sink) moon, sun untergehen
    4. (have a specified direction) river, stream
    to \set to the north/westwards nach Norden/Westen verlaufen
    5. HUNT dog vorstehen fachspr
    6. (become fixed) eyes verharren; features sich akk versteinern
    7. BOT Frucht ansetzen
    * * *
    (INTERNET) abbr SET m
    * * *
    set [set]
    A s
    1. Satz m (Briefmarken, Dokumente, Werkzeuge etc), (Möbel-, Toiletten- etc) Garnitur f, (Speise- etc) Service n:
    a set of agreements POL ein Vertragswerk;
    a set of colo(u)rs ein Farbensortiment n;
    a set of drills ein Satz Bohrer;
    set of values Wertanschauung f
    2. (Häuser- etc) Gruppe f, (Zimmer) Flucht f:
    a set of houses (rooms)
    3. WIRTSCH Kollektion f
    4. Sammlung f, besonders
    a) mehrbändige Ausgabe (eines Autors)
    b) (Schriften) Reihe f, (Artikel) Serie f
    5. TECH
    a) (Maschinen) Satz m, (-)Anlage f, Aggregat n
    b) RADIO etc Gerät n, Apparat m
    6. a) THEAT Bühnenausstattung f
    b) FILM Szenenaufbau m
    7. Tennis etc: Satz m
    8. MATH
    a) Zahlenreihe f
    b) Menge f
    9. set of teeth Gebiss n
    10. (Personen)Kreis m:
    a) Gesellschaft(sschicht) f, (literarische etc) Welt
    b) pej Clique f
    c) SCHULE Unterrichtsgruppe f:
    the chic set die Schickeria
    11. Sitz m, Schnitt m (von Kleidern)
    12. a) Form f
    b) Haltung f
    13. Richtung f, (Ver)Lauf m (einer Strömung etc):
    the set of public opinion der Meinungstrend
    14. fig Neigung f, Tendenz f ( beide:
    toward[s] zu)
    15. PSYCH (innere) Bereitschaft ( for zu)
    16. (Sonnen- etc) Untergang m:
    the set of day poet das Tagesende
    17. TECH Schränkung f (einer Säge)
    18. TECH → setting 10
    19. ARCH Feinputz m
    20. BOT
    a) Ableger m, Setzling m
    b) Fruchtansatz m
    a) Tänzer(zahl) pl(f), -paare pl
    b) Tour f, Hauptfigur f:
    first set Quadrille f
    22. MUS Serie f, Folge f, Zyklus m
    23. JAGD Vorstehen n (des Hundes):
    a) jemanden scharf aufs Korn nehmen umg, herfallen über jemanden,
    b) es auf einen Mann abgesehen haben (Frau)
    24. JAGD (Dachs- etc) Bau m
    B adj
    1. festgesetzt (Tag etc):
    set meal Menü n
    2. a) bereit
    b) fest entschlossen (on, upon doing zu tun):
    all set startklar;
    be all set for vorbereitet oder eingestellt sein auf (akk)
    3. vorgeschrieben, festgelegt (Regeln etc):
    set books pl ( oder reading) SCHULE Pflichtlektüre f
    4. wohlüberlegt, einstudiert (Rede etc)
    5. feststehend (Redewendungen etc)
    6. fest (Meinung): → purpose Bes Redew
    7. starr:
    a set face ein unbewegtes Gesicht
    8. US halsstarrig, stur
    9. konventionell, formell (Party etc)
    10. zusammengebissen (Zähne)
    11. (ein)gefasst (Edelstein)
    12. TECH eingebaut (Rohr etc)
    13. set fair beständig (auf dem Barometer)
    14. → hard-set
    15. (in Zusammensetzungen) … gebaut, … gestaltet:
    well-set gut gebaut
    C v/t prät und pperf set
    1. setzen, stellen, legen:
    set the glass to one’s lips das Glas an die Lippen setzen;
    set a match to ein Streichholz halten an (akk), etwas in Brand stecken (siehe a. die Verbindungen mit anderen entsprechenden Substantiven)
    2. in einen Zustand (ver)setzen, bringen:
    set sb free jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen, jemanden freilassen; → ease A 2, liberty Bes Redew, right A 5, B 5, etc
    3. veranlassen zu:
    set a party laughing eine Gesellschaft zum Lachen bringen;
    set going in Gang setzen;
    a) jemanden nachdenklich machen, jemandem zu denken geben,
    b) jemandem Denkanstöße oder einen Denkanstoß geben; → roar C 1
    4. ein-, herrichten, (an)ordnen, zurechtmachen, besonders
    a) THEAT die Bühne aufbauen, (Skisport) die Strecke abstecken
    b) den Tisch decken
    c) TECH (ein)stellen, (-)richten, regulieren
    d) die Uhr, den Wecker stellen (by nach dem Radio etc):
    set the alarm (clock) for five o’clock den Wecker auf 5 Uhr stellen
    e) eine Säge schränken
    f) ein Messer abziehen, schärfen
    g) MED einen Bruch, Knochen (ein)richten
    h) das Haar legen
    5. MUS
    a) vertonen
    b) arrangieren
    6. TYPO absetzen
    7. AGR
    a) Setzlinge (an)pflanzen
    b) den Boden bepflanzen
    8. a) die Bruthenne setzen
    b) Eier unterlegen
    9. a) einen Edelstein (ein)fassen
    b) mit Edelsteinen etc besetzen
    10. eine Wache aufstellen
    11. eine Aufgabe, Frage stellen
    12. jemanden anweisen ( to do sth etwas zu tun), jemanden an eine Sache setzen
    13. a) etwas vorschreiben, bestimmen
    b) einen Zeitpunkt festlegen, -setzen, ansetzen
    c) ein Beispiel etc geben, eine Regel etc aufstellen
    d) einen Rekord aufstellen: → fashion A 1, pace1 A 1
    14. einen Hund etc hetzen (on auf jemanden):
    set spies on sb jemanden bespitzeln lassen, auf jemanden Spitzel ansetzen
    15. Flüssiges fest werden lassen, Milch gerinnen lassen
    16. die Zähne zusammenbeißen
    17. den Wert bestimmen, festsetzen
    18. einen Preis aussetzen (on auf akk)
    19. Geld, sein Leben etc riskieren, aufs Spiel setzen
    20. fig legen, setzen:
    set one’s hopes on seine Hoffnung setzen auf (akk);
    the scene is set in Rome der Schauplatz oder Ort der Handlung ist Rom, das Stück etc spielt in Rom;
    the novel is set in Spain der Roman spielt in Spanien
    D v/i
    1. untergehen (Sonne etc):
    his star has set fig sein Stern ist untergegangen
    2. a) auswachsen (Körper)
    b) ausreifen (Charakter)
    3. beständig werden (Wetter etc): → B 13
    4. a) fest werden (Flüssiges), erstarren (auch Gesicht, Muskel)
    b) TECH abbinden (Zement etc)
    c) gerinnen (Milch)
    d) sich absetzen (Rahm)
    5. brüten (Glucke)
    6. gut etc sitzen (Kleidungsstück)
    7. fig passen ( with zu)
    8. sich bewegen, fließen, strömen:
    the current sets to the north die Stromrichtung ist Nord
    9. wehen, kommen ( from aus, von) (Wind)
    10. sich neigen oder richten:
    opinion is setting against him die Meinung richtet sich gegen ihn
    11. BOT Frucht ansetzen (Blüte, Baum)
    12. ZOOL sich festsetzen (Austern)
    13. TECH sich verbiegen
    14. JAGD vorstehen (Hund)
    15. MED sich einrenken
    s. abk
    1. second ( seconds pl) s, Sek.
    3. see s.
    5. set
    6. HIST Br shilling ( shillings pl)
    7. sign
    8. signed gez.
    9. singular Sg.
    10. son
    * * *
    1.
    [set]transitive verb, -tt-, set

    set the proposals before the board — (fig.) dem Vorstand die Vorschläge unterbreiten od. vorlegen

    set something against something — (balance) etwas einer Sache (Dat.) gegenüberstellen

    2) (apply) setzen
    3) (adjust) einstellen (at auf + Akk.); aufstellen [Falle]; stellen [Uhr]

    set the alarm for 5.30 a.m. — den Wecker auf 5.30 Uhr stellen

    4)

    be set — (have location of action) [Buch, Film:] spielen

    set a book/film in Australia — ein Buch/einen Film in Australien spielen lassen

    5) (specify) festlegen [Bedingungen]; festsetzen [Termin, Ort usw.] ( for auf + Akk.)

    set the interest rate at 10 % — die Zinsen auf 10 % festsetzen

    set something/things right or in order — etwas/die Dinge in Ordnung bringen

    set somebody thinking that... — jemanden auf den Gedanken bringen, dass...

    7) (put forward) stellen [Frage, Aufgabe]; aufgeben [Hausaufgabe]; vorschreiben [Textbuch, Lektüre]; (compose) zusammenstellen [Rätsel, Fragen]

    set somebody a task/problem — jemandem eine Aufgabe stellen/jemanden vor ein Problem stellen

    set [somebody/oneself] a target — [jemandem/sich] ein Ziel setzen

    8) (turn to solid) fest werden lassen
    9) (lay for meal) decken [Tisch]; auflegen [Gedeck]
    10) (establish) aufstellen [Rekord, Richtlinien]
    11) (Med.): (put into place) [ein]richten; einrenken [verrenktes Gelenk]
    12) (fix) legen [Haare]

    set eyes on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas sehen

    13) (Printing) setzen
    14)
    15)

    be set on a hill — [Haus:] auf einem Hügel stehen

    2. intransitive verb,
    -tt-, set
    1) (solidify) fest werden
    2) (go down) [Sonne, Mond:] untergehen
    3. noun
    1) (group) Satz, der

    set [of two] — Paar, das

    chess set — Schachspiel, das

    2) see service 1. 9)
    3) (section of society) Kreis, der
    4) (Math.) Menge, die
    5)

    set [of teeth] — Gebiss, das

    6) (radio or TV receiver) Gerät, das; Apparat, der
    7) (Tennis) Satz, der
    8) (of hair) Frisieren, das; Einlegen, das
    9) (Cinemat., film): (built-up scenery) Szenenaufbau, der; Dekoration, die
    4. adjective
    1) (fixed) starr [Linie, Gewohnheit, Blick, Lächeln]; fest [Absichten, Zielvorstellungen, Zeitpunkt]

    be set in one's ways or habits — in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein

    2) (assigned for study) vorgeschrieben [Buch, Text]

    set meal or menu — Menü, das

    be/get set for something — zu etwas bereit sein/sich zu etwas fertig machen

    be/get set to leave — bereit sein/sich fertig machen zum Aufbruch

    all set? — (coll.) alles klar od. fertig?

    be all set to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

    be set on something/doing something — zu etwas entschlossen sein/entschlossen sein, etwas zu tun

    be [dead] set against something — [absolut] gegen etwas sein

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (sport) n.
    Satz ¨-e m. adj.
    festgelegt adj.
    festgesetzt adj. n.
    Garnitur -en f.
    Menge -n (Mathematik) f.
    Reihe -n f.
    Zusammenstellung f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: set)
    = aufstellen v.
    einstellen v.
    erstarren v.
    fest werden ausdr.
    festlegen v.
    festsetzen v.
    legen v.
    setzen v.
    stellen v.
    veranlassen v.

    English-german dictionary > set

  • 36 AE

    1) Общая лексика: ответственный исполнитель, контактор ((сокр. от) account executive, advertising executive), американский английский (American English), appliance electronics (сокр.) (бытовая электроника; электроника бытовых электроприборов), НЯ (нежелательные явления (Adverse Events/Effects)), adult education (сокр.) (обучение взрослых), assistant engineer (сокр.) (помощник инженера, младший инженер)
    2) Компьютерная техника: Active Entity
    3) Биология: aminoethyl
    4) Морской термин: ( &\#198;) third class (сокр.) (третий класс (по классификации Английского Ллойда))
    6) Американизм: Architect And Engineering
    7) Военный термин: Aerial Exploitation, Army Europe, Army education, Army in Europe, Attack Electronic, acoustic emission, acquisition executive, added entry, aeromedical evacuation, aerospace education, air engineer, airborne equipment, angle of elevation, armor, artillery, and engineers aptitude area, assistant engineer, atomic energy, auxiliary equipment, aviation engineer, air engineering( сокр.) (1. авиаинженерный 2. авиационно-технической службы ( специализация офицера) (Великобритания)), air electrical (сокр.) (авиационно-электротехнический (НАТО)), auxiliary engineering (сокр.) (инженерно-вспомогательный), availability of equipment (сокр.) (наличие оборудования)
    9) Сельское хозяйство: avian encephalomyelitis, agricultural engineer
    10) Шутливое выражение: Awesome Entertainment, Awful Entertainment
    11) Химия: Auger Electron
    12) Математика: Auxiliary Equation, абсолютная ошибка (absolute error), абсолютный экстенсор (absolute extensor), арифметическое выражение (arithmetic expression), асимптотическая эффективность (asymptotic efficiency), почти всюду (almost everywhere)
    13) Экономика: All England( сокр.) (всеанглийский), American Express Company (сокр.) (компания «Америкен Экспресс»), Alaska Economic Report (сокр.) (наименование американского периодического издания по экономическим вопросам), accrued expenditure (сокр.) (нарастающие расходы, затраты нарастающим итогом)
    14) Бухгалтерия: Actual Expense, annual exemption
    15) Телевидение: audio erase
    16) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Ammunition ship (small; L), Aeronautical Engineer, Aircraft Establishment, American English, American Eskimo, Ammunition ship (USA), Application Execution, Armada Espanola (Spanish Navy), Assault Echelon, air escape, armament and electronics, (USN Rating) Aviation Electrician's Mate, ASCII Express, Above Elbow (amputation), Academic Edition (Microsoft), Acceptance Equipment, Access Enforcer (SAP GRC Access Control Product), Accident & Emergency, Acclaim Entertainment, Inc., Account Engineer, Accuracy of Estimation, Acela Express (Amtrak train service), Acoustic Engineer, Acquisition Economics, Acquisition Engineer/Executive, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica (zinc deficiency), Action Entry, Action Express (pistol cartridge), Active Emission, Active Enhancement, Activity End Invocation (ITU-T), Adaptive Enterprise (HP), Adaptive Equalizer, Additional Entry (USPS), Address Extension (Sprint), Adult Entertainment, Advanced Exchange, Adverse Effect, Adverse Event, Aero Postale (clothing manufacturer), Aerobic Exercise, Aeronautical Engineering, Aerosol, Aerospace Engineers/Aerospace Engineering, After Earth (Titan A.e.), Age Equivalent, Aggregate Expenditures (economics), Agricultural Engineer/Agricultural Engineering, Ahorristas Estafados (Paraguay), Air Efficiency Award (RAF), Air Entry, Air Europa, Air Evacuation, Akademia Economiczna (Polish), Albert Einstein, Algorithm Enable, Allegheny & Eastern (railroad), Allegheny Energy, Inc., Almost Everywhere (mathematics), Alpha Elites (gaming), Also Eligible (horse racing), Alveolar Echinococcosis, Alzheimer Europe, American Eagle, American Eagle Outfitters, American Express, Ammunition & Explosives, Ammunition Ship, Amplifier Extender (FS-1037c), Amtrak Express (railroad), Analog Equipment, Analytical Equipment, Anchor Site East, Angled End, Angstro"meinheit, Anion Exchange Protein, Ansaldo Energia, Antenna Electronics, Anything Else?, AppleEvent (inter-application communications for Macintosh OS), Applicant Entity, Application Engineer, Application Engineering, Application Engineers, Application Environment, Applications Environment, Applied Entomology, Apportioned Effort, Approved Equal, Aptitude Area, Arbeitseinheit, Arcane Explosion (gaming, World of Warcraft), Arch Enemy (band), Architect Evangelist (Microsoft), Architect and Engineering Firm, Architect-Engineer (also abbreviated A-E), Architectural Engineer, Architectural Engineering, Architecture Engineering, Area of Effect (gaming), Argument from Evil (philosophy), Armed Forces Africa (used with APO/FPO), Armed Forces Canada (used with APO/FPO), Armed Forces Middle East (used with APO/FPO), Armies In Europe (used with APO/FPO), Army Experiment, Articles Editor (law review), Ascent/Entry, Assigned Evaluator, Associate Editor, Associated Electrics, Inc (radio controlled cars), Associated Equipment (EMC testing), Atmospheric Explorer, Atomic Emission, Attenuation Equalizer, Attitude Ephemeris, Auroral Electrojet index, Australian Encephalitis, Australian English, Autechre (band), Auto Estrada (Motorway), Auto Exposure, Automation Equipment, Automotive Extrication (emergency & rescue services), Auxiliary Explosive (US Navy ammunition ship designation), Avian Encephalomalacia (Vitamin E Deficiency), Avian Encephalomyelitis (poultry viral disease), Mandarin Airlines (IATA airline code), United Arab Emirates (Internet TLD), above or equal
    17) Университет: Academic Enrichment, Agricultural Engineering
    20) Вычислительная техника: arithmetic element, arithmetic expression, Application Entity / Environment / Execution / Engineering (APE), Apple Events (Apple)
    21) Нефть: anode effect
    22) Иммунология: Adult Equivalent
    24) Фирменный знак: Acoustic Electric, Action Express, Associated Electrics
    26) Почта: Armed Forces Europe, Canada, Middle East (Префикс военной почты для Европы, Канады и Ближнего Востока)
    27) Образование: Additional Exercise, Alternative Education
    28) Инвестиции: account executive
    29) Сетевые технологии: application entity
    30) Полимеры: absolute error
    31) Контроль качества: asymptotic efficiency
    32) Телефония: прикладной объект
    34) Военно-морской флот: Aviation Electrician's Mate (сокр.) (старшина—авиационный электрик)
    36) Электротехника: accidental error, admissible error
    38) AMEX. Adams Resources & Energy, Inc.
    39) Клинические исследования: нежелательное явление

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AE

  • 37 AUP

    1) Общая лексика: average unit price
    4) Телекоммуникации: Acceptable Usage Policy
    5) Сокращение: Advanced Unitary Penetrator, Australian United Press, Avionics Update / Upgrade Programme, Advanced Unitary Penetrator (US Air Force; warhead)
    6) Вычислительная техника: Acceptable Use Policy (NFSNet)
    7) Налоги: Agreed Upon Procedures
    9) Расширение файла: Acceptable Use Policy (Internet)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AUP

  • 38 MUSIC

    1) Военный термин: Multi-User Special Intelligence Communications
    3) Сокращение: MUltiple SIgnal Classification (algorithm), Multiple Signal Classification
    4) Расширение файла: Multiparty Multimedia Session Control
    5) Общественная организация: Music United For Strong Internet Copyright

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MUSIC

  • 39 Music

    1) Военный термин: Multi-User Special Intelligence Communications
    3) Сокращение: MUltiple SIgnal Classification (algorithm), Multiple Signal Classification
    4) Расширение файла: Multiparty Multimedia Session Control
    5) Общественная организация: Music United For Strong Internet Copyright

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Music

  • 40 PA

    2) Компьютерная техника: Precision Architecture
    3) Биология: protective agent
    4) Медицина: posterior-anterior
    7) Латинский язык: physiotherapy aid
    8) Военный термин: Performance Accountability, Personal Authority, Physician Assistant, Picatinny Arsenal (СВ), Powered Armor, Precautionary Approach, Probability of Arrival, Processing Activities, Procurement Agency, Procurement Army, Procurement, Army, Product Assurance, Public Affairs, Pulse Amplitude, pack artillery, participating activity, patient, patrol aircraft, pattern analysis, penetration aircraft, permanent appointment, personal affairs, personal assistant, personnel allocation, phased antenna, physician's assistant, pilot's associate, point of aim, port agency, position area, position of assembly, post adjutant, practice ammunition, preavailability, prelaunch area, preliminary acceptance, primary armament, probability of acceptance, procurement appropriations, program account, program administrator, program analyst, program assessment, program authorization, project administration, proper authority, property administrator, proponent agency, protected area, prototype aircraft, provision allowance, purchasing authority, ЭКЛ, электронный ассистент лётчика, электронный консультант лётчика, электронный помощник лётчика
    10) Шутливое выражение: Palestinian Assassins, Pathetic Australian, Pokey Award
    13) Британский английский: личный секретарь (he is my PA)
    14) Железнодорожный термин: Physicians Assistant
    17) Автомобильный термин: power antenna, pressure air (Honda)
    18) Биржевой термин: Portfolio Artifact
    19) Грубое выражение: Pigs Arse, Piss Ant, Pissed Asshole, Pretty Arse, Private Actress
    21) Кино: Parental Advisory
    23) Телевидение: pulse amplifier
    24) Телекоммуникации: Pointer Adjustment, Preamble (LAN)
    25) Сокращение: Panama, Paraguay (NATO country code), Pennsylvania (US state), Per Annum, Phased Array, Play Aid, Power of Attorney, Preparing Activity, Press Agent, Press Association, Limited, Private Account, Publishers Association, Punjabi, passenger agent, prearm, price and availability, procurement authorization, purchasing agent, Program Access, Program Attention, particular average loss, posteroanterior, pulmonary artery, Pennsylvania (штат Пенсильвания (США)), Bureau of Public Affairs, Pakistan Army, Pale Ale, Palermo, Sicilia (Italian province), Palestinian Authority, Pali (linguistics), Palo Alto (California), Pan Am (airline), Panama, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Paniagua y Asociados (Guatemala, consulting agency), Pantothenic Acid, Paper Advance, Para (Brazil), Paraguay, Paralegal, Paralyzed Age (band), Paramedic's Assistant, Parapsychological Association, Inc (Petaluma, California), Parental Advisory, Parents Association, Parliamentary Assistant (Ontario Government), Parti de l'Action (French: Action Party, Morocco), Partial Agreement, Participatory Appraisal, Particle Accelerator, Partido Arnulfista (Arnulfista Party, Panama), Partner Association, Party Animal, Pass Along, Pass-through Applications, Passenger Address, Passenger Announcement (airlines), Pastoral Administrator, Pastoral Assistant, Pathologists' Assistant, Patients Association (UK), Patronato Antialcoho'lico (Guatemala), Paulus Apostolus (Apostol Paul), Pax Americana, Pay Attention, Paying Agent, Payload Accommodations, Payroll Area, Peace Agreement, Peace Arch (US/Canada border), Peano Arithmetics, Peer Advisor, Pending Availability, Pennsylvania (US postal abbreviation), Penny Arcade (comic strip), Pension Adjustment, People's Alliance, People's Association (Singapore), Pepper-Ann (TV show), Perfect Attack (gaming, Dance Dance Revolution), Perfect Attendance, Perforate Artery (Darke Age of Camelot game), Performance Appraisal, Performance Assurance, Performing Activity (CEFMS), Permit Authority, Persistent Asthma, Persisting to an Older Age, Personal Accident (insurance), Personal Adviser, Personal Agent, Personal Alarm, Personal Appearance, Personalausweis (German: identity card), Personnel Action, Perverted Ass, Perverts Anonymous, Philippine Army, Phillips Academy (Andover), Photoinduced Absorption, Physical Abuse/Assault, Physical Affair, Physician's Association, Picatinny Arsenal, Pierce Armor (Age of Kings game), Pilote Automatique (French: Autopilot), Pinkerton Academy (New Hampshire), Planet of the Apes (movie), Planetarion (online game), Planning Authority, Plant Air, Plate Appearance (Baseball), Platinum Aero (band), Playahead (Internet community), Plaza Automotriz (Guatemala car dealer), Plein Air (Quebec), Point A, Point Analysis, Points Against, Poke'mon Aaah! (website), Police Academy, Policy Analyst, Political Affairs (journal of the Communist Party of the United States of America), Political Agent (Pakistan), Polk Audio, Pollution Abatement, Polyacryl, Pooling Administrator, Port Adapter (Cisco), Port Angeles (Washington), Port Authority (of NY and NJ), Porte-Avions (French, aircraft carrier), Position Adaptivity, Position Angle (astronomy), Post-Apocalyptic, Posterior Anterior (radiology), Power Act (gaming), Power Automation, Pre-Arbitrated, Pre-Auditing, Precision Approach (avionics), Precision Attack, Prednisolone Acetate (eye medication; usually followed by %), Preferred Address, Preferred Alternative, Premier Agendas, Inc. (US), Preplaced-Aggregate (concrete), Press Association (British National News Agency), Pressure Alarm, Pressure Altitude, Preventative Action, Prince Albert (Canada), Princess Anne (high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia), Principal Administrator, Prior Authorization (Pharmacy Benefits), Privacy Act, Privacy Advocate, Privatization Agency, Problem Analysis, Process Allocator, Process Analysis, Process Area, Processing Activities, Procurement Aide/Assistant, Producing Ability (breeding), Product Accumulate (linear code), Production Acceptance, Production Agency, Production Assistant, Produktaansprakelijkheid (Dutch: product responsibility), Professional Association, Professional Audio System, Professor's Assistant, Program Account/Allocation, Program Announcement, Program Assistant, Programmatic Agreement (USACE), Programmed Amount (USACE), Programmer/Analyst, Programming Assistant (campus residential officer), Progressa\PAo Aritme'tica, Prohibited Areas, Project Administrator, Project Agreement, Project Analyst, Project Architect, Project Arrangement, Project Audit, Project Authorization, Propionic Acidemia, Prosecution Attorney, Protected Area (conservation), Protective Antigen (microbiology), Protocol Analyzer, Proton Affinity, Proxy Agreement, Prune Agar, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria), Psoriatic Arthritis, Psychoanalysis, Public Accounting, Public Administration, Public Aid (Medicaid), Public Announcement, Public Appearance, Public Assistance, Public Attorney, Public Audio, Publish America (book publisher), Punk Ass, Purchasing Aide/Assistant, Put Away, Putt and Approach (disc golf)
    28) Электроника: Power Adaptor, Preamplifier
    30) Нефть: pressure drop per annulus section, Пильтун-Астохское месторождение, анализ технических характеристик (performance analysis), среднее качество изделий при данном процессе изготовления
    32) Картография: position approximate
    33) Банковское дело: аудитор (public accountant), присяжный бухгалтер (public accountant)
    34) Биотехнология: photoactivatable
    35) Организация производства: provisional acceptance, временная приёмка
    36) Фирменный знак: Physical Agents, Professional Association
    37) Экология: preferential adsorption
    38) СМИ: Performance Audio
    39) Деловая лексика: в год (per annum), ежегодно
    40) Бурение: Piltun-Astokhskoye
    41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Piltun-Astokhskoye field, Plug and abandoned, peak amplitude, plugged and abandoned, procurement assistance, public address
    42) Менеджмент: product assurance
    44) Инвестиции: public accountant
    47) Программирование: Printable Ascii
    48) Автоматика: pressure angle
    49) Контроль качества: process average
    50) Пластмассы: Polyamide (Nylon)
    52) Химическое оружие: Picatinny Arsenal [NJ], Procurement Appropriation, Public affairs, performance analyzer, performance assessment, pinacolyl alcohol, pinacolyn alcohol, preliminary assessment, program analyzer, programmed amount, Public address (system)
    53) Авиационная медицина: perceptual asymmetry
    54) Безопасность: Privacy Act
    56) Военно-политический термин: Division of Political Affairs
    57) США: Pennsylvania
    58) Имена и фамилии: Prince Albert
    59) Общественная организация: Peace Action, Push America
    61) Правительство: Palo Alto, California, Punta Arenas
    62) Федеральное бюро расследований: Privacy Act of 1974

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PA

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