trānsitus

* * *

* * *

transĭtus, a, um, Part. of transeo.

transĭtus, ūs, m. [transeo], a going over, passing over, passage (class.; syn. trajectus).

Lit.

In gen.:

fossae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

flumine impeditus transitus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20; 8, 13; Caes. B. G. 5, 55; 6, 7; 7, 57; Liv. 21, 20, 2; 28, 1, 1; Tac. A. 15, 10; id. H. 1, 70; 3, 59; 4, 65; Just. 1, 8, 2; 15, 4, 12:

in urbem nostram Junonis,

removal, Val. Max. 1, 8, 3.—

Concr., a passage-way, passage:

spiritus,

i. e. the windpipe, Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 111; cf.

auditus,

the auditory passage, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59. —

In partic.

A passing over, desertion to another party:

facilis ad proximos et validiores,

Tac. H. 1, 76:

transitūs mora,

id. Agr. 38:

ad Vitellium,

id. H. 1, 76:

in alienam familiam,

a passing over, adoption into, Gell. 5, 19, 8.—

Law t. t., a transfer of possession, Cod. Just. 2, 13, 20. —

A passing over, passing away:

tempestatis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2.—

A passing by:

capta in transitu urbs Ninos,

Tac. A. 12, 13.—

Trop.

In gen., a passing over, passing, change:

in illo a pueritiā ad adulescentiam transitu,

Quint. 11, 3, 28:

opportunos magnis conatibus transitus rerum,

revolutions, Tac. H. 1, 21. —

In partic.

A means of passing, a transition from one step to another:

medius quidem gradus, nihil ipse significans sed praebens transitum,

Quint. 8, 6, 38:

in figuras alias,

Plin. 11, 36, 43, § 120. — Of the transition of colors in shading, Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 37, 2, 8, § 21; Ov. M. 6, 66.—Of transition in sound, Quint. 12, 10, 68.—

In speaking.

A transition:

hinc erit ad alia transitus,

Quint. 7, 6, 5:

ad diversa,

id. 9, 3, 65: metabolê, id est transitus in aliud genus rhythmi, id. 9, 4, 50:

in Armeniam transitum facimus,

Just. 42, 2, 7.—In plur.:

unde venusti transitus fiunt,

Quint. 9, 2, 61.—

In transitu, in passing, by the way:

quae leviter in transitu attigeram,

Quint. 7, 3, 27:

in transitu aliquid tractare,

id. 6, 2, 2:

in transitu non omittemus,

id. 2, 10, 15.

crossing, passing over, transit / changing, alteration.

* * *

* * *

ălĭōquī (Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 839, questions the MS. authority for the forms ălĭ-ōquin and cĕtĕrōquin, but if they are genuine, he believes they have the prep. in affixed, as in deoin), adv. (prop. abl. alioqui, i. e. alio quo modo, in some other way; used in the ante-Aug. per. only once in Lucr.; but freq. after that per., esp. by the histt., and by Pliny the younger).

Lit., to indicate that something has its existence or right in all but the exception given, in other respects, for the rest, otherwise; Gr. allôs, often with adj. standing either before or after it:

milites tantum, qui sequerentur currum, defuerunt: alioqui magnificus triumphus fuit,

Liv. 37, 46 Madv.;

8, 9: Hannibal tumulum tutum commodumque alioqui, nisi quod longinquae aquationis erat, cepit,

id. 30, 29, 10:

atqui si vitiis mediocribus ac mea paucis Mendosa est natura, alioquin recta,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 66 K. and H.:

solitus alioquin id temporis luxus principis intendere,

Tac. A. 13, 20 Halm; so id. ib. 4, 37; Curt. 7, 4, 8; 8, 2, 2.—Sometimes concessive, hence also with quamquam, quamvis, cum, as for the rest, besides: triumphatum de Tiburtibus: alioqui mitis victoria fuit, i. e. although in other respects the victory was, etc., Liv. 7, 19: at si tantula pars oculi media illa peresa est, Incolumis quamvis alioqui splendidus orbis ( al though in other respects uninjured and clear) occidit extemplo lumen, Lucr. 3, 414 (Lachmann rejected this line; Munro receives it and reads alioquoi):

ideo nondum eum legi, cum alioqui validissime cupiam,

Plin. Ep. 9, 35 Keil; so Plin. 10, 69, 93, § 198.—

Transf.

To indicate that something exists, avails, or has influence in other cases beside those mentioned, yet, besides, moreover (syn.:

porro, praeterea): sed haec quidem alioquin memoria magni professoris, uti interponeremus, effecit,

Cels. 8, 4:

ne pugnemus igitur, cum praesertim plurimis alioqui Graecis sit utendum,

very many other Greek words besides, Quint. 2, 14, 4 Halm:

non tenuit iram Alexander, cujus alioqui potens non erat,

of which he had not the control at other times, Curt. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 3, 32:

quā occasione Caesar, validus alioquin spernendis honoribus hujuscemodi orationem coepit,

id. A. 4, 37.—So in questions, Quint. 4, 5, 3.—Also et alioqui in Pliny: afficior curā; et alioqui meus pudor, mea dignitas in discrimen adducitur, Plin Ep. 2, 9, 1; so id. ib. 10, 42, 2; id. Pan. 45, 4; 68, 7; 7, 9.—And in copulative clauses with et... et, cum... tum, etc., both in general (or in other respects)... and:

et alioqui opportune situm, et transitus eā est in Labeates,

Liv. 43, 19:

mors Marcelli cum alioqui miserabilis fuit, tum quod, etc.,

id. 27, 27, 11; so Quint. 5, 6, 4; 12, 10, 63.—

To indicate that something is in itself situated so and so, or avails in a certain manner, in itself, even in itself, himself, etc.: corpus, quod illa (Phryne) speciosissima alioqui ( in herself even most beautiful) diductā nudaverat tunicā, Quint. 2, 15, 9 Spald.; 10, 3, 13; 2, 1, 4.—

Ellipt. like the Gr. allôs, and commonly placed at the beginning of a clause, to indicate that something must happen, if the previous assertion or assumption shall not be (which fact is not [p. 86] expressed), otherwise, else (cf. aliter, b. g):

vidistine aliquando Clitumnum fontem? si nondum (et puto nondum: alioqui narrāsses mihi),

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; 1, 20: Nec, si pugnent inter se, qui idem didicerunt, idcirco ars, quae utrique tradita est, non erit;

alioqui nec armorum, etc.,

Quint. 2, 17, 33; so id. 4, 2, 23:

non inornata debet esse brevitas, alioqui sit indocta,

id. 4, 2, 46:

Da mihi liberos, alioquin moriar,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 1; ib. Matt. 6, 1; ib. Heb. 9, 17:

languescet alioqui industria, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38.—

(Eccl. Lat.) As an advers. conj., but (cf. ceterum and the Gr. alla):

alioquin mitte manum tuam et tange os ejus et carnem,

Vulg. Job, 2, 5. Cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 234-241.

ălĭōquī (Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 839, questions the MS. authority for the forms ălĭ-ōquin and cĕtĕrōquin, but if they are genuine, he believes they have the prep. in affixed, as in deoin), adv. (prop. abl. alioqui, i. e. alio quo modo, in some other way; used in the ante-Aug. per. only once in Lucr.; but freq. after that per., esp. by the histt., and by Pliny the younger).

Lit., to indicate that something has its existence or right in all but the exception given, in other respects, for the rest, otherwise; Gr. allôs, often with adj. standing either before or after it:

milites tantum, qui sequerentur currum, defuerunt: alioqui magnificus triumphus fuit,

Liv. 37, 46 Madv.;

8, 9: Hannibal tumulum tutum commodumque alioqui, nisi quod longinquae aquationis erat, cepit,

id. 30, 29, 10:

atqui si vitiis mediocribus ac mea paucis Mendosa est natura, alioquin recta,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 66 K. and H.:

solitus alioquin id temporis luxus principis intendere,

Tac. A. 13, 20 Halm; so id. ib. 4, 37; Curt. 7, 4, 8; 8, 2, 2.—Sometimes concessive, hence also with quamquam, quamvis, cum, as for the rest, besides: triumphatum de Tiburtibus: alioqui mitis victoria fuit, i. e. although in other respects the victory was, etc., Liv. 7, 19: at si tantula pars oculi media illa peresa est, Incolumis quamvis alioqui splendidus orbis ( al though in other respects uninjured and clear) occidit extemplo lumen, Lucr. 3, 414 (Lachmann rejected this line; Munro receives it and reads alioquoi):

ideo nondum eum legi, cum alioqui validissime cupiam,

Plin. Ep. 9, 35 Keil; so Plin. 10, 69, 93, § 198.—

Transf.

To indicate that something exists, avails, or has influence in other cases beside those mentioned, yet, besides, moreover (syn.:

porro, praeterea): sed haec quidem alioquin memoria magni professoris, uti interponeremus, effecit,

Cels. 8, 4:

ne pugnemus igitur, cum praesertim plurimis alioqui Graecis sit utendum,

very many other Greek words besides, Quint. 2, 14, 4 Halm:

non tenuit iram Alexander, cujus alioqui potens non erat,

of which he had not the control at other times, Curt. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 3, 32:

quā occasione Caesar, validus alioquin spernendis honoribus hujuscemodi orationem coepit,

id. A. 4, 37.—So in questions, Quint. 4, 5, 3.—Also et alioqui in Pliny: afficior curā; et alioqui meus pudor, mea dignitas in discrimen adducitur, Plin Ep. 2, 9, 1; so id. ib. 10, 42, 2; id. Pan. 45, 4; 68, 7; 7, 9.—And in copulative clauses with et... et, cum... tum, etc., both in general (or in other respects)... and:

et alioqui opportune situm, et transitus eā est in Labeates,

Liv. 43, 19:

mors Marcelli cum alioqui miserabilis fuit, tum quod, etc.,

id. 27, 27, 11; so Quint. 5, 6, 4; 12, 10, 63.—

To indicate that something is in itself situated so and so, or avails in a certain manner, in itself, even in itself, himself, etc.: corpus, quod illa (Phryne) speciosissima alioqui ( in herself even most beautiful) diductā nudaverat tunicā, Quint. 2, 15, 9 Spald.; 10, 3, 13; 2, 1, 4.—

Ellipt. like the Gr. allôs, and commonly placed at the beginning of a clause, to indicate that something must happen, if the previous assertion or assumption shall not be (which fact is not [p. 86] expressed), otherwise, else (cf. aliter, b. g):

vidistine aliquando Clitumnum fontem? si nondum (et puto nondum: alioqui narrāsses mihi),

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; 1, 20: Nec, si pugnent inter se, qui idem didicerunt, idcirco ars, quae utrique tradita est, non erit;

alioqui nec armorum, etc.,

Quint. 2, 17, 33; so id. 4, 2, 23:

non inornata debet esse brevitas, alioqui sit indocta,

id. 4, 2, 46:

Da mihi liberos, alioquin moriar,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 1; ib. Matt. 6, 1; ib. Heb. 9, 17:

languescet alioqui industria, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38.—

(Eccl. Lat.) As an advers. conj., but (cf. ceterum and the Gr. alla):

alioquin mitte manum tuam et tange os ejus et carnem,

Vulg. Job, 2, 5. Cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 234-241.

ălĭōquī (Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 839, questions the MS. authority for the forms ălĭ-ōquin and cĕtĕrōquin, but if they are genuine, he believes they have the prep. in affixed, as in deoin), adv. (prop. abl. alioqui, i. e. alio quo modo, in some other way; used in the ante-Aug. per. only once in Lucr.; but freq. after that per., esp. by the histt., and by Pliny the younger).

Lit., to indicate that something has its existence or right in all but the exception given, in other respects, for the rest, otherwise; Gr. allôs, often with adj. standing either before or after it:

milites tantum, qui sequerentur currum, defuerunt: alioqui magnificus triumphus fuit,

Liv. 37, 46 Madv.;

8, 9: Hannibal tumulum tutum commodumque alioqui, nisi quod longinquae aquationis erat, cepit,

id. 30, 29, 10:

atqui si vitiis mediocribus ac mea paucis Mendosa est natura, alioquin recta,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 66 K. and H.:

solitus alioquin id temporis luxus principis intendere,

Tac. A. 13, 20 Halm; so id. ib. 4, 37; Curt. 7, 4, 8; 8, 2, 2.—Sometimes concessive, hence also with quamquam, quamvis, cum, as for the rest, besides: triumphatum de Tiburtibus: alioqui mitis victoria fuit, i. e. although in other respects the victory was, etc., Liv. 7, 19: at si tantula pars oculi media illa peresa est, Incolumis quamvis alioqui splendidus orbis ( al though in other respects uninjured and clear) occidit extemplo lumen, Lucr. 3, 414 (Lachmann rejected this line; Munro receives it and reads alioquoi):

ideo nondum eum legi, cum alioqui validissime cupiam,

Plin. Ep. 9, 35 Keil; so Plin. 10, 69, 93, § 198.—

Transf.

To indicate that something exists, avails, or has influence in other cases beside those mentioned, yet, besides, moreover (syn.:

porro, praeterea): sed haec quidem alioquin memoria magni professoris, uti interponeremus, effecit,

Cels. 8, 4:

ne pugnemus igitur, cum praesertim plurimis alioqui Graecis sit utendum,

very many other Greek words besides, Quint. 2, 14, 4 Halm:

non tenuit iram Alexander, cujus alioqui potens non erat,

of which he had not the control at other times, Curt. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 3, 32:

quā occasione Caesar, validus alioquin spernendis honoribus hujuscemodi orationem coepit,

id. A. 4, 37.—So in questions, Quint. 4, 5, 3.—Also et alioqui in Pliny: afficior curā; et alioqui meus pudor, mea dignitas in discrimen adducitur, Plin Ep. 2, 9, 1; so id. ib. 10, 42, 2; id. Pan. 45, 4; 68, 7; 7, 9.—And in copulative clauses with et... et, cum... tum, etc., both in general (or in other respects)... and:

et alioqui opportune situm, et transitus eā est in Labeates,

Liv. 43, 19:

mors Marcelli cum alioqui miserabilis fuit, tum quod, etc.,

id. 27, 27, 11; so Quint. 5, 6, 4; 12, 10, 63.—

To indicate that something is in itself situated so and so, or avails in a certain manner, in itself, even in itself, himself, etc.: corpus, quod illa (Phryne) speciosissima alioqui ( in herself even most beautiful) diductā nudaverat tunicā, Quint. 2, 15, 9 Spald.; 10, 3, 13; 2, 1, 4.—

Ellipt. like the Gr. allôs, and commonly placed at the beginning of a clause, to indicate that something must happen, if the previous assertion or assumption shall not be (which fact is not [p. 86] expressed), otherwise, else (cf. aliter, b. g):

vidistine aliquando Clitumnum fontem? si nondum (et puto nondum: alioqui narrāsses mihi),

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; 1, 20: Nec, si pugnent inter se, qui idem didicerunt, idcirco ars, quae utrique tradita est, non erit;

alioqui nec armorum, etc.,

Quint. 2, 17, 33; so id. 4, 2, 23:

non inornata debet esse brevitas, alioqui sit indocta,

id. 4, 2, 46:

Da mihi liberos, alioquin moriar,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 1; ib. Matt. 6, 1; ib. Heb. 9, 17:

languescet alioqui industria, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38.—

(Eccl. Lat.) As an advers. conj., but (cf. ceterum and the Gr. alla):

alioquin mitte manum tuam et tange os ejus et carnem,

Vulg. Job, 2, 5. Cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 234-241.

dēpŏsĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [depono] (post-Aug.; most freq. in jurid. Lat.).

Lit., a laying down, putting off.

A depositing for safe-keeping, Dig. 16, 3, 1; 5; 17.—

A pulling or tearing down:

aedificii,

Dig. 4, 2, 9, § 2.—

A depositing in the earth, burying, Inscr. Orell. 1121 (of 384 A.D.).—

A parting from, getting rid of:

carnis sordium,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 3, 21; cf.:

tabernaculi mei,

i. e. the body, id. 2 Pet. 1, 14.—

Trop.

In gen.: testium, a deposition, testimony, Cod. 2, 43, 3: dignitatis, a lowering, degradation, Dig. 48, 19, 8 init. —

In rhetor.

The close of a period:

prout aut depositio aut inceptio aut transitus postulabit,

Quint. 11, 3, 46 Spald.—

The lowering of voice, sound, or speed of utterance, = Gr. thesis (opp. arsis = elatio), Mart. Cap. 9, § 974.

dif-fĭcĭlis, e (old form difficul, like facul, famul, simul, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 111, 25), adj. [facilis; hence, far from easy to do, to accomplish, to bear, etc.; v. facilis], hard, difficult, troublesome (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

nulla est tam facilis res, quin difficilis siet, quom invitus facias,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 1; cf. Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 20; and:

sacrorum diligentiam difficilem, apparatum perfacilem esse voluit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14 Mos.:

quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27, fin.:

quam graves, quam difficiles plerisque videntur calamitatum societates!

Cic. Lael. 17 fin.:

res arduae ac difficiles,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 163; cf. id. Or. 10; id. Tusc. 3, 34 fin.; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 28:

contortae res et difficiles,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58 fin.:

quam scopuloso difficilique in loco verser,

id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35; cf.:

in locos difficiles abire,

Sall. J. 87 fin. Kritz.:

iter angustum et difficile,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; id. B. C. 1, 65, 3:

valles,

id. ib. 1, 68, 2:

difficili et arduo ascensu,

id. ib. 3, 34; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

difficilis atque impedita palus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

transitus,

id. ib. 6, 7, 5:

aditus,

id. ib. 7, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 56:

tempus anni difficillimum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48, 5:

difficili rei publicae tempore,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 21:

difficillimo reip. tempore,

id. Phil. 5, 13, 36; cf. id. Caecin. 4, 11:

difficilioribus usi tempestatibus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15, 4:

partus,

Plin. 24, 5, 13, § 22:

urina,

id. 23, 9, 83, § 165:

venter,

id. 22, 13, 15, §

33 et saep.: (Macer et Lucretius) alter humilis, alter difficilis,

Quint. 10, 1, 87 Frotsch.:

nimium difficile est reperiri amicum,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 20;

so with a subjectclause,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 6; Lucr. 1, 138; Cic. Lael. 6, 22; 8, 26; 10, 33 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 2; 7, 58, 2; id. B. C. 1, 50 fin. et saep.; cf.:

difficile ad fidem est in tam antiqua re, quot pugnaverint ceciderintve exacto affirmare numero,

Liv. 3, 5, 12:

difficile est longum subito deponere amorem,

Cat. 77, 13.—Prov.:

difficile est, crimen non prodere vultu,

Ov. M. 2, 447:

difficile est, tristi fingere mente jocum,

Tib. 3, 7, 2:

(rebus) difficilibus ad eloquendum,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 126:

ad percipiendum,

Quint. 8 prooem. § 4.—With supin.:

difficile factu est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43; so,

factu,

id. Off. 1, 21, 71; id. N. D. 3, 1; id. Univ. 11:

dictu,

id. Lael. 3, 12; 7, 23; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2:

aditu (locus),

Sall. J. 91 fin. Kritz.—With dat.:

fructus difficilis concoctioni,

Plin. 23, 8, 79, § 151.—With gerund.:

in difficili esse,

Liv. 3, 65, 11; cf.:

in facili esse,

id. 3, 8, 9; so,

in difficili rem esse,

Cels. 5, 26 fin.:

ille casus in difficili est, si, etc.,

Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 15.

In partic., of character, hard to manage or to please, obstinate, captious, morose, surly:

difficiles ac morosi,

Cic. Or. 29 fin.; cf. id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; Att. ap. Non. 407, 25; Hor. S. 2, 5, 90; id. A. P. 173:

senex,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 24; cf.:

moderati nec difficiles nec inhumani senes,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 7:

sunt morosi et anxii et iracundi et difficiles senes,

id. ib. 18, 65:

avunculus difficillimā naturā,

Nep. Att. 5; cf.:

difficili bile tumet jecur,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 4: parens in liberos difficilis, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

Penelopen difficilem procis,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 11:

vocanti,

id. ib. 3, 7, 32:

Gradivo,

Ov. A. A. 2, 566:

precibus,

id. P. 2, 2, 20.— Trop.:

terrae,

intractable, Verg. G. 2, 179. —Prov.:

difficilem oportet aurem habere ad crimina,

deaf, inaccessible, Pub. Syr. 133 (Rib.).— Adv., in three forms (but the use of the adv. is mostly avoided by the best authors, difficile est taking its place, v. supra).

diffĭcĭlē, with difficulty (perh. not ante-Aug.), Vell. 2, 63, 3; Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 62; 27, 12, 94, § 120; Suet. Gramm. 11; Just. 27, 3, 2; Pall. Jan. 7; Tert. Apol. 48.—

diffĭculter, with difficulty (the usual form), Caes. B. C. 1, 62; Sall. C. 14, 5; Liv. 1, 52, 4; 42, 54, 3; Tac. A. 12, 35; Suet. Claud. 41; Quint. 1, 3, 3 al.—

diffĭcĭl-ĭter, with difficulty (rare), Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49 and 50; Col. 5, 3, 1; 5, 7, 1; Lact. Mort. Pers. 9, 7.—

Comp.:

difficilius,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58; Quint. 1, 12, 8; 11, 2, 28; Plin. 22, 21, 28, § 56; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Ner. 43 al.—

Sup.:

difficillime,

Cic. Lael. 17, 64; Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139; 19, 7, 35, § 117 al.

gnārus, a, um (also ante- and postclass. form gnārŭris, e, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 17; id. Poen. prol. 47; Aus. Ep. 22, 19; Arn. 3, 113; and cf.: gnaruris gnôrimos, Gloss. Philox.—Another form is ‡ nārus, like navus, notus, acc. to Cic. Or. 47, 158), adj. [Sanscr. gna-, ganāmi, know; Gr. gignôskô; Lat. gnosco, nosco, narrare, etc.], knowing or acquainted with a thing; skilful, practised, expert (syn. doctus, eruditus, peritus).

Lit. (rare but class.); constr. with gen., or with a rel. or object-clause; ante- and post-class. with acc.

With gen.:

nec loci gnara sum,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 28: loci, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 700 P.;

rei publicae,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228:

armorum et militiae,

Col. 1 praef. §

4: artis,

Just. 11, 7:

temporis,

Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 30; cf. Tac. Agr. 6:

si modo vinitor gnarus est iis utendi,

Col. 4, 25, 1:

nostri tergi,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 6:

venandi,

Vulg. Gen. 25, 27.—

With rel.clause:

Periclem uberem et fecundum fuisse, gnarumque, quibus orationis modis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 4, 15:

nemine gnaro aut opinante, quidnam coepturus esset,

Suet. Calig. 46.—

With object-clause:

Hasdrubal satis gnarus, Hannibalem transitus quosdam pretio mercatum,

Liv. 23, 29, 5; cf. id. 33, 5, 4; Tac. H. 2, 29; 65; 5, 19 al.:

concha cum manum videt, comprimit sese operitque opes suas, gnara propter illas se peti,

Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110.—

With acc.:

simul gnarures vos volo esse hanc rem mecum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 17:

ut mecum sitis gnarures,

id. Poen. prol. 47.—

Transf., pass., known (for the usual notus; post-Aug.;

very rare, except in Tac.): in paludem gnaram vincentibus,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

idque nulli magis gnarum quam Neroni,

id. ib. 15, 61; cf.:

gnarum id Caesari,

id. ib. 1, 5 (opp. incognita), App. Mag. p. 281, 9.— Absol.:

conspicui eoque gnari,

Tac. A. 6, 35.— Comp. not in use.— Sup., Sol. 51 fin.

gnārus, a, um (also ante- and postclass. form gnārŭris, e, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 17; id. Poen. prol. 47; Aus. Ep. 22, 19; Arn. 3, 113; and cf.: gnaruris gnôrimos, Gloss. Philox.—Another form is ‡ nārus, like navus, notus, acc. to Cic. Or. 47, 158), adj. [Sanscr. gna-, ganāmi, know; Gr. gignôskô; Lat. gnosco, nosco, narrare, etc.], knowing or acquainted with a thing; skilful, practised, expert (syn. doctus, eruditus, peritus).

Lit. (rare but class.); constr. with gen., or with a rel. or object-clause; ante- and post-class. with acc.

With gen.:

nec loci gnara sum,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 28: loci, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 700 P.;

rei publicae,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228:

armorum et militiae,

Col. 1 praef. §

4: artis,

Just. 11, 7:

temporis,

Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 30; cf. Tac. Agr. 6:

si modo vinitor gnarus est iis utendi,

Col. 4, 25, 1:

nostri tergi,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 6:

venandi,

Vulg. Gen. 25, 27.—

With rel.clause:

Periclem uberem et fecundum fuisse, gnarumque, quibus orationis modis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 4, 15:

nemine gnaro aut opinante, quidnam coepturus esset,

Suet. Calig. 46.—

With object-clause:

Hasdrubal satis gnarus, Hannibalem transitus quosdam pretio mercatum,

Liv. 23, 29, 5; cf. id. 33, 5, 4; Tac. H. 2, 29; 65; 5, 19 al.:

concha cum manum videt, comprimit sese operitque opes suas, gnara propter illas se peti,

Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110.—

With acc.:

simul gnarures vos volo esse hanc rem mecum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 17:

ut mecum sitis gnarures,

id. Poen. prol. 47.—

Transf., pass., known (for the usual notus; post-Aug.;

very rare, except in Tac.): in paludem gnaram vincentibus,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

idque nulli magis gnarum quam Neroni,

id. ib. 15, 61; cf.:

gnarum id Caesari,

id. ib. 1, 5 (opp. incognita), App. Mag. p. 281, 9.— Absol.:

conspicui eoque gnari,

Tac. A. 6, 35.— Comp. not in use.— Sup., Sol. 51 fin.

grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).

Lit. Absol. or with abl.

In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,

tellus,

Ov. M. 7, 355:

corpora,

Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:

limus,

id. 5, 496:

in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

navigia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,

Hor. Epod. 4, 17:

cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,

id. S. 1, 9, 21:

sarcina,

id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:

cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:

naves hostilibus spoliis graves,

heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:

agmen grave praedā,

id. 21, 5, 8;

for which also simply: grave agmen,

id. 31, 39, 2:

miles,

heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,

i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):

graves imbre nubes,

Liv. 28, 15, 11:

graves fructu vites,

Quint. 8, 3, 8:

gravis vinculis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—

In partic.

With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:

et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,

Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:

populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:

placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:

notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,

at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:

in graviore annona,

id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —

For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

regina sacerdos Marte gravis,

Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.

uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),

Ov. M. 10, 495:

balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—

Transf.

Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:

qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:

tenor,

Quint. 1, 5, 26:

syllaba,

i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—

Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:

an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,

rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

chelydri,

Verg. G. 3, 415:

ellebori,

id. ib. 3, 451:

odor calthae,

strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:

herba odore suaviter gravi,

id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.

117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,

id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—

Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:

(Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,

genera cibi graviora,

Cels. 2, 18:

gravissima bubula (caro),

id. ib.:

pisces gravissimi,

id. ib.:

neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,

id. 1, 3; cf.:

solum caelumque juxta grave,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,

Verg. E. 10, 75:

anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:

aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 377:

morbo gravis,

sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:

gravis vulnere,

Liv. 21, 48, 4:

aetate et viribus gravior,

id. 2, 19, 6:

gravior de vulnere,

Val. Fl. 6, 65:

non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,

sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:

aut abit in somnum gravis,

heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.

Trop.

In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:

quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,

Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:

onus officii,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:

et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,

id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:

miserior graviorque fortuna,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:

velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,

Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:

est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 24:

verbum gravius,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:

gravissimum supplicium,

id. ib. 1, 31, 15:

habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

edictum,

Liv. 29, 21, 5:

gravioribus bellis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40:

gravis esse alicui,

id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:

adversarius imperii,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86:

gravior hostis,

Liv. 10, 18, 6:

senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

gravis popularibus esse coepit,

Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:

gravis malae conscientiae lux est,

Sen. Ep. 122.—

In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:

numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,

id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:

ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,

id. Brut. 95, 325:

gravior oratio,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:

nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

inceptis gravibus et magna professis,

Hor. A. P. 14:

exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,

id. C. 4, 11, 26:

non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,

id. ib. 2, 56, 228:

homo prudens et gravis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 38:

neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:

auctor,

id. Pis. 6, 14:

testis,

id. Fam. 2, 2:

non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),

Quint. 11, 1, 45:

vir bonus et gravis,

id. 11, 3, 184:

gravissimi sapientiae magistri,

id. 12, 1, 36:

tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,

Verg. A. 1, 151:

gravissima civitas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,

an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.

Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):

aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:

graviter cadere,

id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—

Transf.

Of tones, deeply:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,

Vehemently, strongly, violently:

graviter crepuerunt fores,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,

spirantibus flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:

pertentat tremor terras,

Lucr. 6, 287:

ferire aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 295:

conquassari omnia,

Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:

quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—

Trop.

Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:

graviter aegrotare,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:

se habere,

id. Att. 7, 2, 3:

neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:

gravissime dolere,

id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:

quem ego amarem graviter,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:

tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:

cives gravissime dissentientes,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:

si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

graviter angi,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,

with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:

graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

graviter accipere aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:

adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

nolo in illum gravius dicere,

more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:

de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.

also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,

more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—

In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:

his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:

(Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,

with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:

res gestas narrare graviter,

id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:

locum graviter et copiose tractare,

id. Fin. 4, 2, 5.

in-sŭpĕrābĭlis, e, adj., that cannot be passed over.

Lit., insurmountable:

transitus Alpium,

Liv. 21, 23:

via,

id. ib. 36. —

Transf.

Unconquerable:

genus bello,

Verg. A. 4, 40; cf.:

caput bello,

Ov. M. 12, 613.— Of a disease, incurable:

valetudo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 2.—

Unavoidable, inevitable:

fatum,

Ov. M. 15, 807:

necessitas fati,

Gell. 13, 1.— Adv.: insŭpĕrābĭ-lĭter, unconquerably, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 8.