to+require

as-sŭesco ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Halm, Weissenb.; ads- and ass-, Merk.), ēvi, ētum, 3 (adsuëtus, four syll., Phaedr. 3, prol. 14), v. a., to use or accustom one to something, to habituate; or, more freq., v. n., to accustom one's self to, to be wont, to be accustomed to.

In gen.; constr. usu. with abl. or inf.; after the Aug. per. also with ad, in with acc., or dat.

With abl. (a constr. unjustly censured by Wunder, Rhein. Mus. 1829, II. p. 288 sq. The idea of the ad, which would require the acc. or dat. case, is not, as at a later period, prominent in the word, but that of suesco; accordingly, pr., to adopt some custom, to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become accustomed to something; so that the abl. of specification, as in amore affici, pedibus laborare, etc., only designates more specifically the object which is the subject of that custom; cf. Gron. and Drak. ad Liv. 31, 35, 3; Kritz. ad Sall. C. 2, 9; Rudd. II. p. 137 sq.; Ramsh. p. 427;

v. also assuefacio): homines labore adsiduo et cotidiano adsueti,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58; so,

vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā, non adsueta mendaciis,

id. Planc. 9, 22:

gens adsueta multo Venatu nemorum,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

Odrysius praedae assuetus amore,

Ov. M. 13, 554:

genus pugnae, quo adsuērant,

Liv. 31, 35 Gron.:

adsuetae sanguine et praedā aves,

Flor. 1, 1, 7; 4, 12, 17:

adsuetus imperio et inmoderatā licentiā militari,

Just. 31, 1, 8:

gentes alterius imperio ac nomine adsuetas,

Curt. 6, 3, 8; Front. Princ. Hist. Fragm. 2, p. 341.—

With inf.:

fremitum voce vincere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

votis jam nunc adsuesce vocari,

Verg. G. 1, 42:

adsueti muros defendere,

id. A. 9, 511:

Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra Qui facere adsuērat,

Ov. M. 11, 315; 10, 533; id. Tr. 2, 504; id. M. 8, 335:

adsuetus graecari,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 11:

auditor adsuevit jam exigere laetitiam,

Tac. Or. 20; 34; id. H. 4, 34; Vell. 2, 33:

(polypus) adsuetus exire e mari in lacus,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 92:

reliquas (legiones) in hiberna dimittere assuerat,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

With ad or in with acc.:

uri adsuescere ad homines ne parvuli quidem possunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 707 P.:

manus adsuetae ad sceptra,

Sen. Troad. 152:

jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura adsuetus,

Liv. 24, 5; Flor. 4, 12, 43.—

With dat.:

mensae adsuetus erili,

Verg. A. 7, 490:

Adsuescent Latio Partha tropaea Jovi,

Prop. 4, 3, 6:

caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore adsuescitur,

to which one is accustomed, Liv. 2, 1:

ex more, cui adsuerunt,

Quint. 4, 2, 29:

ut quieti et otio per voluptates adsuescerent,

Tac. Agr. 21:

adsuetus expeditionibus miles,

id. ib. 16:

adsueti juventae Neronis,

id. H. 1, 7:

quo celerius (libri senatorum) rei publicae assuescerent,

Suet. Aug. 38:

Jurationi non adsuescat os tuum,

Vulg. Eccli. 23, 9.—Acc. to a rare constr.,

With acc. rei in the Gr. manner, eithismai ti:

ne pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella (for bellis),

accustom not your minds to such great wars, Verg. A. 6, 833:

Galli juxta invia ac devia adsueti,

Liv. 21, 33:

frigora atque inediam caelo solove adsuerunt,

Tac. G. 4 Baumst.—

With gen.:

Romanis Gallici tumultūs adsuetis,

Liv. 38, 17.—

Esp.:

alicui, in mal. part.,

Curt. 6, 5.— Hence, assŭētus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., accustomed, customary, usual:

Tempus et adsuetā ponere in arte juvat,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 36:

otium des corpori, adsueta vicis,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 14:

adsuetos potare fontes,

Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169:

adsuetam sibi causam suscipit,

Vell. 2, 120.—Hence with a comp. and abl.:

longius adsueto lumina nostra vident,

Ov. H. 6, 72:

adsueto propior,

Stat. Th. 12, 306.

as-sŭesco ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Halm, Weissenb.; ads- and ass-, Merk.), ēvi, ētum, 3 (adsuëtus, four syll., Phaedr. 3, prol. 14), v. a., to use or accustom one to something, to habituate; or, more freq., v. n., to accustom one's self to, to be wont, to be accustomed to.

In gen.; constr. usu. with abl. or inf.; after the Aug. per. also with ad, in with acc., or dat.

With abl. (a constr. unjustly censured by Wunder, Rhein. Mus. 1829, II. p. 288 sq. The idea of the ad, which would require the acc. or dat. case, is not, as at a later period, prominent in the word, but that of suesco; accordingly, pr., to adopt some custom, to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become accustomed to something; so that the abl. of specification, as in amore affici, pedibus laborare, etc., only designates more specifically the object which is the subject of that custom; cf. Gron. and Drak. ad Liv. 31, 35, 3; Kritz. ad Sall. C. 2, 9; Rudd. II. p. 137 sq.; Ramsh. p. 427;

v. also assuefacio): homines labore adsiduo et cotidiano adsueti,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58; so,

vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā, non adsueta mendaciis,

id. Planc. 9, 22:

gens adsueta multo Venatu nemorum,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

Odrysius praedae assuetus amore,

Ov. M. 13, 554:

genus pugnae, quo adsuērant,

Liv. 31, 35 Gron.:

adsuetae sanguine et praedā aves,

Flor. 1, 1, 7; 4, 12, 17:

adsuetus imperio et inmoderatā licentiā militari,

Just. 31, 1, 8:

gentes alterius imperio ac nomine adsuetas,

Curt. 6, 3, 8; Front. Princ. Hist. Fragm. 2, p. 341.—

With inf.:

fremitum voce vincere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

votis jam nunc adsuesce vocari,

Verg. G. 1, 42:

adsueti muros defendere,

id. A. 9, 511:

Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra Qui facere adsuērat,

Ov. M. 11, 315; 10, 533; id. Tr. 2, 504; id. M. 8, 335:

adsuetus graecari,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 11:

auditor adsuevit jam exigere laetitiam,

Tac. Or. 20; 34; id. H. 4, 34; Vell. 2, 33:

(polypus) adsuetus exire e mari in lacus,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 92:

reliquas (legiones) in hiberna dimittere assuerat,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

With ad or in with acc.:

uri adsuescere ad homines ne parvuli quidem possunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 707 P.:

manus adsuetae ad sceptra,

Sen. Troad. 152:

jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura adsuetus,

Liv. 24, 5; Flor. 4, 12, 43.—

With dat.:

mensae adsuetus erili,

Verg. A. 7, 490:

Adsuescent Latio Partha tropaea Jovi,

Prop. 4, 3, 6:

caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore adsuescitur,

to which one is accustomed, Liv. 2, 1:

ex more, cui adsuerunt,

Quint. 4, 2, 29:

ut quieti et otio per voluptates adsuescerent,

Tac. Agr. 21:

adsuetus expeditionibus miles,

id. ib. 16:

adsueti juventae Neronis,

id. H. 1, 7:

quo celerius (libri senatorum) rei publicae assuescerent,

Suet. Aug. 38:

Jurationi non adsuescat os tuum,

Vulg. Eccli. 23, 9.—Acc. to a rare constr.,

With acc. rei in the Gr. manner, eithismai ti:

ne pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella (for bellis),

accustom not your minds to such great wars, Verg. A. 6, 833:

Galli juxta invia ac devia adsueti,

Liv. 21, 33:

frigora atque inediam caelo solove adsuerunt,

Tac. G. 4 Baumst.—

With gen.:

Romanis Gallici tumultūs adsuetis,

Liv. 38, 17.—

Esp.:

alicui, in mal. part.,

Curt. 6, 5.— Hence, assŭētus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., accustomed, customary, usual:

Tempus et adsuetā ponere in arte juvat,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 36:

otium des corpori, adsueta vicis,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 14:

adsuetos potare fontes,

Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169:

adsuetam sibi causam suscipit,

Vell. 2, 120.—Hence with a comp. and abl.:

longius adsueto lumina nostra vident,

Ov. H. 6, 72:

adsueto propior,

Stat. Th. 12, 306.

ātrāmentum, i, n. [ater], any black liquid:

sepiae,

Cic. N D. 2, 50, 127.

Writing-ink, ink; in Vitr. 7, 10, and Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 52, called atramentum librarium:

calamo et atramento temperato,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 15, 6:

per atramentum et calamum scribere,

Vulg. 3 Joan. 13; Petr. 102, 13; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; Vulg. Jer. 36, 18; ib. 2 Joan. 12.—

A black pigment or color, Vitr. 7, 10; 7, 4; Plin. 35, 6, 25, § 41; also a fine, dark varnish, lacquer, id. 35, 10, 36, § 97: Indicum, India or China ink, id. 35, 6, 25, § 43.—

A blacking for coloring leather:

atramentum sutorium,

Plin. 34, 12, 32, § 123; Cic. Fam. 9, 21 fin. —

In comic language: Sc. Unā operā ebur atramento candefacere postulas. Phil. Lepide dictum de atramento atque ebore, i. e. you require something impossible, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 102.

damnum (late Lat. sometimes dampnum), i, n. [for daminum, neut. of old Part. of dare, = to didomenon, v. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 709 sq. Less correctly regarded as akin to dapanê. Cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 176 Müll.; Dig. 39, 2, 3], hurt, harm, damage, injury, loss; opp. to lucrum (syn. jactura, detrimentum, incommodum, dispendium. Freq. and class.).

In gen.:

hauscit, hoc paullum lucri quantum ei damni adportet,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 25; cf.:

si in maximis lucris paullum aliquid damni contraxerit,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91; id. Verr. 2, 1, 12 (with dedecus, as in Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 37; Sall. J. 31, 19; Hor. S. 1, 2, 52; 2, 2, 96 et saep.); Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13; id. Phil. 2, 27, 67; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300; id. Ep. 1, 7, 88 et saep.:

propter damna aut detrimenta aliquos miseros esse,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51;

so with detrimenta,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98;

with jactura,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21: duarum cohortium damno exercitum reducere, * Caes. B. G. 6, 44; cf. Tac. A. 1, 71; id. H. 2, 66; Curt. 8, 4; Frontin. Strat. 2, 5, 31 fin.: damnum dare alicui, to inflict upon one (ante-classical), Cato R. R. 149 (twice); Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 108; id. Truc. 2, 1, 17; Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 116:

facere,

to suffer, sustain, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 77 (opp. lucrum); Cic. Brut. 33; id. Fam. 7, 33; 10, 28, 3 al.;

but also,

to inflict a penalty, Dig. 9, 2, 30, § 3; Ov. Fast. 5, 311:

capere,

Dig. 9, 2, 39;

and in the alliterative passage: in palaestram, ubi damnis desudascitur, Ubi pro disco damnum capiam,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 34:

accipere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28; Dig. 39, 2, 25:

pati,

to suffer harm, Sen. Ira, 1, 2; Dig. 9, 2, 29 (but damnum pati, also, to permit, put up with harm, Liv. 22, 41, 4; Luc. 8, 750):

ferre (a favorite expression of Ovid),

Ov. H. 15, 64; id. F. 1, 60; 2, 522; id. Tr. 3, 8, 34 al.:

contrahere (of disease),

id. Pont. 1, 10, 29 et saep.:

pervenit ad miseros damno graviore colonos Pestis,

id. M. 7, 552; cf. id. ib. 3, 213;

8, 777: damna tamen celeres reparant caelestia lunae,

i. e. of the waning of the moon, Hor. Od. 4, 7, 13:

naturae damnum,

natural defect, Liv. 7, 4 fin. —Prov.:

damnum appellandum est cum mala fama lucrum,

Pub. Syr. 135 (Ribb.).—

Transf., of persons:

hoc ad damnum (i. e. scortum) deferetur,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 24: cf. ib. 21 and 60; Ov. M. 11, 381; 12, 16; cf. id. ib. 11, 133.

Esp. in law.

A fine, mulct, penalty, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182; Liv. 4, 53, 7; 7, 4, 2; Gell. 20, 1, 32:

quis umquam tanto damno senatorem coegit?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5 fin.:

eos (leges) morte, exsilio, vinclis, damno coercent,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—

Freq. in the terms,

damnum injuria (datum), i. e. an injury done to another's beast or slave, for which the lex Aquilia provided compensation, (Caesulenus senex) cum ab Sabellio multam lege Aquilia damni injuria petivisset, Cic. Brut. 34, 131; id. Tull. 4, 8; 5, 11; 17, 41.—

Damnum infectum, an injury not done but threatened, and against which the person endangered might require security, Cic. Top. 4, 22; Dig. 39, 2, 3; Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6 (cf. infectus).

dē-posco, pŏposci, 3, v. a., to demand, require, request earnestly (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

unum ab omnibus sociis et civibus ad id bellum imperatorem deposci atque expeti,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; cf. id. 15, 44:

id non modo non recusem, sed etiam appetam atque deposcam,

id. Phil. 3, 13, 33;

so opp. recusare,

id. Fl. 38 fin.:

sibi naves,

Caes. B. C. 1, 56, 3:

pugnam,

Suet. Oth. 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 1; 2, 1, 3:

pericula (opp. detrectare),

Tac. Agr. 11 et saep. — Absol.:

de proelio cogitandum, sicut semper depoposcimus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85 fin.:

omnibus pollicitationibus deposcunt, qui belli initium faciant,

id. B. G. 7, 1, 5.—

In partic.

To demand, request for one's self the performance of any duty or business:

sibi id muneris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57:

tibi partis istas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 45:

primas sibi partes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

illam sibi officiosam provinciam,

Cic. Sull. 18 fin.; cf.:

consulatum sibi,

Suet. Aug. 26:

sibi has urbanas insidias caedis atque incendiorum,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

coloniam tutandam,

Suet. Vit. 1.—

To demand a person, in order to bring him to punishment:

aliquem ad mortem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 5; cf.:

aliquem ad supplicium,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 38, 3:

aliquem ad poenam,

Suet. Tit. 6:

aliquem morti,

Tac. A. 1, 23:

ad ducem ipsum in poenam foederis rupti deposcendum,

Liv. 21, 6:

auctorem culpae,

id. 21, 10; cf.

Hannibalem,

Just. 32, 4, 8:

ausum Talia deposcunt,

Ov. M. 1, 200; Luc. 5, 296 et saep.: altera me deposcere putabatur, to demand my death, Cic. post red. in Sen. 13, 33.—

( Transf. from the gladiator's t. t.) To call out, challenge one to fight, Liv. 2, 49, 2; cf.

hostes,

Val. Fl. 5, 635.

ex-specto ( expect-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to look out for a thing (syn.: prospecto, opperior, maneo, moror, praestolor).

Objectively, to await, expect something that is to come or to take place, to be waiting for, etc. (very freq. and class.). —Constr. with the acc., with rel.-clauses, with dum, si, ut, quin, or absol.; very rarely with object-clause.

In gen.

With acc.:

caritatem,

Cato, R. R. 3, 2:

alicujus mortem,

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 28:

cum ea Scipio dixisset silentioque omnium reliqua ejus exspectaretur oratio,

Cic. Rep. 2, 38:

injurias,

id. ib. 1, 5:

transitum tempestatis,

id. Att. 2, 21, 2:

adventum alicujus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 2; 2, 16, 2:

eventum pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 49 fin.:

scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est,

Ov. M. 3, 136:

cenantes haud animo aequo Exspectans comites,

i. e. waiting till they have done eating, Hor. S. 1, 5, 9 et saep.; cf.:

exspectandus erit annus,

I must wait a year, Juv. 16, 42. —

With relative and esp. interrogative clauses: exspectabat populus atque ora tenebat rebus, utri magni victoria sit data regni, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. s. 90, ed. Vahl.):

exspecto, quo pacto, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 1:

exspecto, quid ad ista,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 46; id. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92:

quid hostes consilii caperent, exspectabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24, 1:

exspectante Antonio, quidnam esset actura,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 121:

ne utile quidem, quam mox judicium fiat, exspectare,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 85; so,

quid exspectas quam mox ego dicam, etc.,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

et, quam mox signis collatis dimicandum sit, in dies exspectet,

id. 34, 11, 4; 3, 37, 5:

exspectans, quando, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 159.—

With dum, si, ut, etc.:

ne exspectetis meas pugnas dum praedicem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 1:

ne exspectemus quidem, dum rogemur,

Cic. Lael. 13, 44:

exspectas fortasse, dum dicat, etc.,

id. Tusc. 2, 7, 17:

exspectare, dum hostium copiae augerentur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 2:

nec dum repetatur, exspectat,

Quint. 4, 2, 45:

Caesar non exspectandum sibi statuit, dum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; cf.:

nec vero hoc loco exspectandum est, dum, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

rusticus exspectat, dum defluat amnis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuum officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

exspecto si quid dicas,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9, 1; id. B. C. 2, 34, 1:

nisi exspectare vis ut eam sine dote frater conlocet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 7:

mea lenitas hoc exspectavit, ut id quod latebat, erumperet,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

nisi forte exspectatis ut illa diluam, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

neque exspectant, ut de eorum imperio ad populum feratur,

Caes. ib. 1, 6, 6:

quare nemo exspectet, ut, etc.,

Quint. 7, 10, 14; Liv. 23, 31, 7; 26, 18, 5; 35, 8, 5 al.— Pass. impers.:

nec ultra exspectato, quam dum Claudius Ostiam proficisceretur,

Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

cum omnium voces audirentur, exspectari diutius non oportere, quin ad castra iretur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. —

Absol.:

comites ad portam exspectare dicunt,

Cic. Fam. 15, 17, 1:

diem ex die exspectabam, ut statuerem, quid esset faciendum,

id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

exspectent paullum et agi ordine sinant,

Quint. 4, 5, 19.—

With object-clause:

cum expectaret effusos omnibus portis Aetolos in fidem suam venturos,

Liv. 43, 22, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

venturum istum,

Aug. Conf. 5, 6.—

Transf., of an abstract subject, like maneo, to await:

seu me tranquilla senectus Exspectat seu, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58.

To look for with hope, fear, desire, expectation, to hope for, long for, expect, desire; to fear, dread, anticipate, apprehend.

With acc.:

reliquum est, ut tuam profectionem amore prosequar, reditum spe exspectem,

Cic. Fam. 15, 21 fin.; cf.:

quod magna cum spe exspectamus,

id. Att. 16, 16 E. fin.:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

id. ib. 3, 22 fin.: magnum inceptas, si id exspectas, quod nusquam'st, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 56:

quam (rem) avidissime civitas exspectat,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 1:

longiores (epistolas) exspectabo vel potius exigam,

id. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

finem laborum omnium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

illum ut vivat, optant, meam autem mortem exspectant scilicet,

to wish, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 20:

fama mortis meae non accepta solum sed etiam exspectata est,

Liv. 28, 27, 9; cf.

in the pun with I.: cum Proculeius quereretur de filio, quod is mortem suam exspectaret, et ille dixisset, se vero non exspectare: Immo, inquit, rogo exspectes,

Quint. 9, 3, 68 Spald.:

nescio quod magnum hoc nuntio exspecto malum,

dread, Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 16:

mortem,

id. Hec. 3, 4, 8:

multis de causis Caesar majorem Galliae motum exspectans,

Caes. B. G. 6, 1, 1: 7, 43 fin. —With a personal object:

pater exspectat aut me aut aliquem nuntium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 22:

ite intro, filii vos exspectant intus,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 86:

hic ego mendacem usque puellam Ad mediam noctem exspecto,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 83; cf. Ov. M. 14, 418:

video jam, illum, quem exspectabam, virum, cui praeficias officio et muneri,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42.—

Aliquid ab (rarely ex) aliquo (a favorite expression of Cicero):

a te hoc civitas vel omnes potius gentes non exspectant solum, sed etiam postulant,

Cic. Fam. 11, 5, 3; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 1:

dixi Servilio, ut omnia a me majora exspectaret,

id. ib. 3, 12, 4:

alimenta a nobis,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

ab aliquo gloriam,

id. ib. 6, 19 fin.:

tristem censuram ab laeso,

Liv. 39, 41, 2:

ut ex iis (proletariis) quasi proles civitatis exspectari videretur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—

Aliquid ab or ex aliqua re (rare):

aliquid ab liberalitate alicujus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28, 3:

dedecus a philosopho,

id. Tusc. 2, 12, 28:

omnia ex sua amicitia,

id. ib. 3, 60, 1.—

Aliquid aliquem (very rare): ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29; Sat. v. 38 Vahl.—

With object-clause:

quid mihi hic adfers, quam ob rem exspectem aut sperem porro non fore?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 36:

exspecto cupioque te ita illud defendere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151.—With inf. alone (cf. cupio), Front. ad Ver. Imp. p. 137, ed. Rom.—

Absol. (very rare):

cum mihi nihil improviso, nec gravius quam exspectavissem pro tantis meis factis evenisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

aliquando ad verum, ubi minime exspectavimus, pervenimus,

Quint. 12, 8, 11.—

Poet. transf., of an abstr. subject, to have need of, require:

silvarumque aliae pressos propaginis arcus Exspectant,

Verg. G. 2, 27:

neque illae (oleae) procurvam exspectant falcem rastrosque tenaces,

id. ib. 2, 421; cf.:

lenta remedia et segnes medicos non exspectant tempora mea,

Curt. 3, 5, 13.—Hence, exspectātus ( expect-), a, um, P. a. (acc. to II.), anxiously expected, longed for, desired, welcome (class.):

carus omnibus exspectatusque venies,

Cic. Fam. 16, 7; cf.:

venies exspectatus omnibus,

id. ib. 4, 10, 1; Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 11:

quibus Hector ab oris exspectate venis?

Verg. A. 2, 282:

sensi ego in exspectatis ad amplissimam dignitatem fratribus tuis,

who were expected to arrive at the highest dignities of the state, Cic. de Sen. 19, 68:

ubi te exspectatum ejecisset foras,

i. e. whose death is waited, longed for, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 29 Ruhnk.— Comp.:

nimis ille potuit exspectatior venire,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 12.— Sup.:

adventus suavissimus exspectatissimusque,

Cic. Att. 4, 4 a:

litterae,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

triumphus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 51 fin. —

In the neutr. absol.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

hosti Ante exspectatum positis stat in agmine castris,

before it was expected, Verg. G. 3, 348; so,

ante exspectatum,

Ov. M. 4, 790; 8, 5; Sen. Ep. 114:

ille ad patrem patriae exspectato revolavit maturius,

than was expected, Vell. 2, 123, 1.

indĭgĕo, ŭi, ēre, v. n. [indu-egeo], to need, want, to stand in need or want of any thing (class.).

Lit., with abl.:

bona existimatione,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

pecunia,

Nep. Ages. 7:

medicina,

id. Att. 21:

iis rebus, quae ad oppugnationem castrorum sunt usui,

Caes. B. C. 4, 35:

cibo,

Suet. Galb. 7:

constantia inter dubia,

Tac. H. 3, 73:

pecunia,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 9.—

In gen.

To need, be in want of, require.

With gen. (class.):

ingenii et virtutis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 2:

indigeo tui consilii,

id. Att. 12, 35, 2:

alterius,

id. Lael. 14, 51.—

With abl., Cic. Fam. 12, 11, 2; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 3, 2.— Pass.:

cum praesidio earum (avium) indigetur,

Plin. 10, 27, 39, § 75:

fruges indigebant tecto,

Col. 12 praef. §

3: pax et quies bonis artibus indigent,

Tac. H. 4, 1; 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 29. —

With acc. (ante-class.):

nihil,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.—

With inf.:

hoc plane indigeo discere,

Gell. 4, 1, 6.—

To long for, desire; with gen. (class.):

non auri, non argenti, non ceterarum rerum indigere,

Cic. Sull. 8, 25.—Hence, indĭgens, entis, P. a., in want of, needing any thing

With gen.:

quid enim? Africanus indigens mei? minime hercle: at ne ego quidem illius,

Cic. Lael. 9, 30:

alienarum opum,

Nep. Reg. 3: praesidii, Auct. B. Hisp. 17.—

With abl. (post-Aug.):

cotes oleo indigentes,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164:

disceptatio multā curā indigens,

Gell. 14, 2, 13.—

Subst.: indĭgens, ntis, comm., a needy or indigent person:

indigentibus benigne facere,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52; id. Fin. 2, 35, 118.

nam, conj. [ acc. sing. fem. of pronom. stem na-; cf.: egô-nê, tu-nê; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; quom, quam].

To introduce a confirmation or explanation, for (always in prose beginning the sentence; cf.: enim, etenim, and v. infra C.).

Introducing an explanation or fuller statement of something already said.

In gen.:

is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus. Nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4:

quibus rebus auditis... suas quoque copias in tres partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto... reliquas copias, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 61, 5: neque solum colent inter se ac diligent, sed etiam verebuntur. Nam maximum ornamentum amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. [p. 1185] Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.:

pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam equidem haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —

Esp.

To introduce an explanatory parenthetical clause:

omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per sese (nam aliter justitia non esset), tum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42:

et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, opinor, illi alteri flumini nomen est—sermoni reliquo demus operam sedentes,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

tamen is ad id locorum talis vir (nam postea ambitione praeceps datus est), consulatum adpetere non audebat,

Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—

To resume the course of thought after a parenthetical interruption:

hic vero simul... atque me mare transisse cognovit (audi, audi, atque attende...), nam simul ac me Dyrrachium attigisse audivit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98:

duplex inde Hannibali gaudium fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo capturum, et sollertiae Fabii dimidium virium decessisse,

Liv. 22, 28, 1.—

To introduce an example, or several examples, illustrating a general statement, for example, for instance:

sed vivo Catone minores natu multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. Albinus... et litteratus et disertus fuit. Nam Q. Metellus... in primis est habitus eloquens,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81:

quin etiam easdem causas ut quisque egerit utile erit scire. Nam de domo Ciceronis dixit Calidius, et pro Milone orationem Brutus exercitationis gratiā scripsit,

Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—

Introducing a ground or reason for a fact, command, or principle.

In gen.:

quamobrem, Quirites, celebratote illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi saepe honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores numquam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: vires vitaque corpus meum nunc deserit omne: nam me visus homo pulcher, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40:

qui... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non multum nos juvare possint, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—

Esp., introducing the speaker's reason for a particular form of statement, etc.:

Phoenices alias urbes in orā maritumā condidere... nam de Carthagine silere melius puto quam parum dicere,

Sall. J. 19, 1; cf.

Mercuri (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo), etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 1;

so in a question: una domus erat, idem victus isque communis... nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104:

nam quid ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—

Loosely, introducing the speaker's reason for saying what precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo ( I have said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. after a general remark, introducing its illustration in the case in hand, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—

In a still looser connection, introducing a particular fact or argument in support of what precedes, but, now, certainly:

L. Sisennae omnis facultas ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum facile vincat superiores, tum indicat quantum absit a summo... Nam Q. Hortensii admodum adulescentis ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68:

at prooemium aliquando et narrationem dicit malus homo et argumenta sic, ut nihil sit in his requirendum. Nam et latro pugnabit acriter, virtus tamen erit fortitudo,

Quint. 2, 20, 10.—

Ellipt., in reply to a question or remark, where the answer is implied, and nam introduces the reason for it; for assuredly, certainly:

nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si quis minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat,

Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.:

numquid ergo hic Lysimachus, felicitate quādam dentibus leonis elapsus, ob hoc cum ipse regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum... in caveā velut novum animal aliquod... pavit,

Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit Crassus, quibus sciam poteroque. Tum ille:

nam quod tu non poteris aut nescies, quis nostrum tam impudens est, qui se scire aut posse postulet?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So with particles of asseveration: mehercule, hercule, edepol, etc.: tamen tibi a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam hercle etiam hoc restat, i. e. not yet; for that is to come hereafter, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te facio cellarium. Er. Nam nisi hercle manticinatus probe ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115:

dicunt ei fere nullam esse columnam, quae ad perpendiculum esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic agamus: columnae ad perpendiculum exigantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—

The conjunction nam sometimes follows a word of the clause ( poet. and perh. not ante-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246):

prohibent nam cetera Parcae Scire,

Verg. A. 3, 379:

solam nam perfidus ille Te colere,

id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585;

1, 444: olim nam quaerere amabam,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41:

ego nam videor mihi sanus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 302:

his nam plebecula plaudit,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.

In transitions.

Introducing a new subject as of secondary importance; but now, on the other hand:

nam quod rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: factum hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 19:

nam quod purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

nam quod negas te dubitare quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam cur ita sit,

id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47:

nam auguralis libros ad commune utriusque nostrum otium serva,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 4:

nam Vestae nomen a Graecis est, i. e. though that of Janus, before named, is Latin,

id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—

Esp., in referring to a consideration too obvious to require discussion, for obviously, for it is certain, etc.:

postremo hoc in pectus tuum demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam bello quid valeat, tute scis,

Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.

In interrogations, emphatically, expressing wonder or emotion in the questioner; cf. Gr. gar.

With an interrogative.

Beginning a sentence (anteclass. and poet.): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? but how? but why? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29:

nam quem ego adspicio?

id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: quid ego ago? Tr. Nam quid tu, malum, me rogitas quid agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21:

nam quae haec anus est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

nam quid ita?

id. Eun. 5, 2, 58:

nam quem? alium habui neminem,

id. ib. 4, 4, 13:

nam quam ob rem? (= quamnam),

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2:

nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus?

id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.:

nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras Jussit adire domos?

Verg. G. 4, 445 (but cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2):

nam quae tam sera moratur Segnities?

id. A. 2, 373:

bellua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut quem?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—

Joined as enclitic to an interrogative word:

quinam homo hic ante aedīs nostras conqueritur?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17:

quidnam id est?

id. Trin. 5, 2, 45:

quisnam igitur tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui?

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80:

O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus?

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere quidnam consilii caperent,

Sall. C. 41, 1.—For quianam, v. quia fin. —

Separated from the interrogative word:

quid tibi ex filio nam, obsecro, aegre est?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27:

quis ea'st nam optuma?

id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3:

quid cerussa opus nam?

id. Most. 1, 3, 101:

quis est nam ludus in undis?

Verg. E. 9, 39.—

With num:

num tibi nam, amabo, janua est mordax mea?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1:

num quid nam tibi molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc.,

id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.:

comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset quid,

Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8:

num nam haec audivit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6:

num quid nam de oratore ipso restat,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—

Without an interrogative word (very rare): scis nam tibi quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For fuller details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

pĕto, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 3 ( perf. petīt, Verg. A. 9, 9;

Ov F. 1, 109: petisti,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Verg. A. 4, 100; 12, 359:

petistis,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22:

petissem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2:

petisse,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. [p. 1365] M. 9, 623; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 516 sq.), v. a. [Sanscr. root pat-, to fall upon, fly, find; Gr. pet- in piptô (pi-petô), to fall; cf. Lat. impetus and in petomai, to fly; cf. Lat. penna, acci-pit-er, etc.; the root of piptô, and therefore orig. to fall, fall upon; hence, to endeavor to reach or attain any thing].

To fall upon any thing.

Lit.

In a hostile sense, to rush at, attack, assault, assail; to let fly at, aim a blow at, thrust at, etc. (class.; cf.:

invado, aggredior): gladiatores et vitando caute, et petendo vehementer,

Cic. Or. 68, 228:

cujus latus mucro ille petebat,

id. Lig. 3, 9:

non latus aut ventrem, sed caput et collum petere,

to thrust at, id. Mur. 26, 52:

aliquem spiculo infeste,

Liv. 2, 20:

aliquem mālo,

to throw an apple at any one, Verg. E. 3, 64:

alicui ungue genas,

Ov. A. A. 2, 452:

aliquem saxis, id. de Nuce, 2: aprum jaculis,

Suet. Tib. 72:

aëra disco,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 13:

bello Penatìs,

Verg. A. 3, 603:

armis patriam,

Vell. 2, 68, 3.—

Without the notion of hostility: petere collum alicujus amplexu, to fall upon one's neck, to embrace one, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124.—Esp. freq., to seek, to direct one's course to, to go or repair to, to make for, travel to a place:

grues loca calidiora petentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

Cyzicum,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

Dyrrhachium,

id. Planc. 41, 97:

naves,

to seek, take refuge in their ships, Nep. Milt. 5, 5:

caelum pennis,

to fly, Ov. F. 3, 457:

Graiis Phasi petite viris,

visited by the Greeks, id. P. 4, 10, 52:

Metellus Postumium ad bellum gerendum Africam petentem,... urbem egredi passus non est,

attempting to go, starting, Val. Max. 1, 1, 2.— Transf., of things, to proceed or go towards:

campum petit amnis,

Verg. G. 3, 522:

mons petit astra,

towers toward the stars, Ov. M. 1, 316: aliquem, to seek, go to a person:

reginam,

Verg. A. 1, 717:

ut te supplex peterem, et tua limina adirem,

id. ib. 6, 115: aliquid in locum or ad aliquem, to go to a place or person for something, to go in quest of, go to fetch:

visum est tanti in extremam Italiam petere Brundisium ostreas,

to go to Brundisium for oysters, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169:

myrrham ad Troglodytas,

id. 12, 15, 33, § 66:

harena ad Aethiopas usque petitur,

id. 36, 6, 9, § 51:

collis, in quem vimina petebantur,

id. 16, 10, 15, § 37:

quaeque trans maria petimus,

fetch, id. 19, 4, 19, §§ 58, 52.—

Trop.

To attack, assail one with any thing (class.):

aiiquem epistulā,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

aliquem fraude et insidiis,

Liv. 40, 55:

aliquem falsis criminibus,

Tac. A. 4, 31.—

To demand, seek, require (cf. posco).

In gen.:

ita petit asparagus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

ex iis tantum, quantum res petet, hauriemus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

aliquem in vincula,

Quint. 7, 1, 55:

aliquem ad supplicium,

id. 7, 6, 6: poenas ab aliquo, to seek satisfaction from or revenge one's self on any one. ut poenas ab optimo quoque peteret sui doloris, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 7:

ut merito ab eā poenas liberi sui petere debuerint,

Quint. 3, 11, 12.—

In partic.

To demand or claim at law, to bring an action to recover, to sue for any thing (syn.:

postulo): causam dicere Prius unde petitur... Quam ille qui petit,

Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

qui per se litem contestatur, sibi soli petit,

Cic. Rosc Com. 18, 53: aliquando cum servis Habiti furti egit;

nuper ab ipso Habito petere coepit,

id. Clu. 59, 163:

qui non calumniā litium alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis petebat,

id. Mil. 27, 74.—

To beg, beseech, ask, request, desire, entreat (syn.: rogo, flagito, obsecro); constr with ab and abl. of pers. (cf. infra); ante- and postclass., with acc. of pers.:

vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 60; freq. with ut:

a te etiam atque etiam peto atque contendo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5:

peto quaesoque, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 4, 2:

peto igitur a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut,

id. ib. 9, 13, 3:

petere in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut,

id. Verr 2, 3, 82, § 189:

petere precibus per litteras ab aliquo, ut,

id. Sull. 19, 55:

pacem ab aliquo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

opem ab aliquo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

vitam nocenti,

Tac. A. 2, 31:

petito, ut intrare urbem liceret,

Just. 43, 5, 6.—Also, with id or illud, and ut, etc.: illud autem te peto, ut, etc., Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2.—With obj.-clause (mostly poet.):

arma umeris arcumque animosa petebat Ferre,

Stat. Achill. 1, 352; cf.: cum peteret (solum) donari quasi proprio suo deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari eis artous, Gell. 9, 2, 1.—De aliquo (for ab aliquo), to beg or request of one (post-class.):

si de me petisses, ut, etc.,

Dig. 13, 6, 5.—Ab aliquo aliquid alicui, to beg a thing of one person for another (class.):

M. Curtio tribunatum a Caesare petivi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3: ab aliquo pro aliquo petere, to intercede for:

in eorum studiis, qui a te pro Ligario petunt,

Cic. Lig. 10, 31.—With ex and abl. pers. (v. infra d.):

eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur,

Capitol. Pertin. 3, 5; Eutr. 2, 24.—Hence, pĕtītum, i, n., a prayer, desire, request, entreaty, Cat. 68, 39.—

Polit. t. t., to apply or solicit for an office, to be a candidate for office (different from ambire, to go about among the people to collect their votes, to canvass, which took place after the petitio):

nemo est ex iis, qui nunc petunt, qui, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2:

consulatum,

id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:

praeturam,

id. Verr. 1, 8, 23; Liv. 1, 35.—

To solicit a person, to seek to possess, to woo:

libidine sic accensa (Sempronia) ut viros saepius peteret quam peteretur,

Sall. C. 25, 3:

cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti,

Prop. 3, 13, 27:

formosam quisque petit,

id. 3, 32, 4:

multi illam petiere,

Ov. M. 1, 478; cf.: quae tuus Vir petet, cave, ne neges;

Ne petitum aliunde eat,

Cat. 61, 151.—

To endeavor to obtain or pursue, to seek, strive after any thing, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

fugā salutem petere,

Nep. Hann. 11, 4:

praedam pedibus,

Ov. M. 1, 534:

gloriam,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

eloquentiae principatum,

Cic. Or. 17, 56:

sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita,

intentional, designed, produced by artificial means, Cels. 2, 8.—With inf.:

bene vivere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29:

victricemque petunt dextrae conjungere dextram,

Ov. M. 8, 421; 14, 571:

conubiis natam sociare Latinis,

Verg. A. 7, 96:

aliquem transfigere ferro,

Mart. 5, 51, 3.—With ex and abl., over, in the case of:

ex hostibus victoriam petere,

Liv. 8, 33, 13:

supplicium ex se, non victoriam peti,

id. 28, 19, 11:

imperium ex victis hostibus populum Romanum petere,

id. 30, 16, 7.—

To fetch any thing:

qui argentum petit,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

cibum e flammā,

Ter. Eun, 3, 2, 38:

altius initium rei demonstrandae,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 10:

aliquid a Graecis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem,

to obtain, id. Fam. 5, 15, 4:

suspirium alte,

to fetch a deep sigh, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 57; cf.:

latere petitus imo spiritus,

Hor. Epod. 11, 10; and:

gemitus alto de corde petiti,

Ov. M. 2, 622:

haec ex veteri memoriā petita,

Tac. H. 3, 5, 1.—

To take, betake one's self to any thing:

iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96:

diversas vias,

Val. Fl. 1, 91:

alium cursum,

to take another route, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2:

aliam in partem petebant fugam,

betook themselves to flight, fled, Caes. B. G. 2, 24.—

To refer to, relate to ( poet.):

Trojanos haec monstra petunt,

Verg. A. 9, 128.

posco, pŏposci, 3 (old perf. peposci, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9), v. inch. a. [for porc-scere; Sanscr. root parkh- prakh-, to ask; cf.: precor, procus, procax], to ask for urgently; to beg, demand, request, desire (syn.: flagito, postulo, peto).

In gen., constr. usually with aliquid, aliquem ( sibi): aliquid ab aliquo; also with a double acc., with ut, with inf., or with acc. and inf., or wholly absol.:

poscere est secundum Varronem, quotiens aliquid pro merito nostro deposcimus: petere vero est cum aliquid humiliter et cum precibus postulamus,

Serv. Verg. A. 9, 194.

With acc.:

posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

argentum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44;

2, 3, 34, § 78: pugnam,

Liv. 2, 45, 6: nec mi aurum posco, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):

si quid poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

pulvinos,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 29; id. Planc. 19, 48:

vades poposcit,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; cf.:

audaciae partes Roscii sibi poposcerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 35:

peccatis veniam poscentem (preceded by postulare),

Hor. S. 1, 3, 75.—

With ab:

fac, ut audeat Tibi credere omnia, abs te petere et poscere,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 53: diem a praetore peposcit, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9:

abs te litteras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36; 2, 2, 47, § 117:

tutorem ab aliquo,

Suet. Aug. 94:

bibere a me poscis,

Vulg. Joann. 4, 9.—

With a double acc.:

parentes pretium pro sepulturā liberum poscere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

magistratum nummos,

id. ib. 2, 1, 17, §

44: aliquem causam disserendi,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 7:

claves portarum magistratus,

Liv. 27, 24, 8:

non ita creditum Poscis Quintilium deos,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 12:

cur me in decursu lampada poscis?

Pers. 6, 61:

poscenti vos rationem,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 3, 15.—Hence, pass.: poscor aliquid, I am asked for something, something is asked or demanded of me ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

gravidae posceris exta bovis,

they ask you for the entrails, Ov. F. 4, 670; cf.:

poscor meum Laelapa,

they demand of me my Lœlaps, id. M. 7, 771:

nec tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives Poscebatur humus,

id. ib. 1, 138:

quod rationem pecuniae posceretur,

Gell. 4, 18, 12; to be called upon or invoked to inspire a poet or to sing:

aversus Apollo Poscitur invitā verba pigenda lyrā,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 76 (better reading poscis ab); cf. absol. Palilia poscor: Non poscor frustra;

si favet alma Pales,

Ov. F. 4, 721; so,

poscimur Aonides,

Ov. M. 5, 333:

poscimur,

Hor. C. 1, 32, 1.—

With ut:

poscimus, ut cenes civiliter,

Juv. 5, 112:

poscimus ut sit, etc.,

id. 7, 71; Tac. H. 2, 39: poposcit, ut haec ipsa quaestio diligentius tractaretur, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21.—

With inf. or acc. and inf. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

poscat sibi fabula credit,

Hor. A. P. 339; cf.:

immolare Fauno, Seu poscat agnā sive malit haedo,

id. C. 1, 4, 12:

esse sacerdotes delubraque vestra tueri Poscimus,

Ov. M. 8, 708:

contraque occurrere poscunt,

Val. Fl. 4, 194; Pers. 1, 128; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 151.—In prose:

ego vero te etiam morari posco inter voluptates,

Sen. Contr. 1, 8; Arn. 7, p. 254. So, too, perh. (acc. to Stephanus's conjecture):

vos fallere poscunt,

Rutil. Lup. Fig. 2, 19, p. 181 Frotsch.—

Ellipt.:

poscunt majoribus poculis, sc. bibere,

they challenge to drink from larger goblets, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—

Absol., to beg, be a beggar:

improbus es, cum poscis, ait. Sed pensio clamat, posce,

Juv. 9, 63 sq. —

Of inanimate and abstract subjects, to demand, require, need:

quod res poscere videbatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

cum usus poscit,

id. ib. 4, 2: quod negotium poscebat, Sail J. 56, 1; 70, 3; Quint. 11, 3, 162 et saep.—

In partic.

To demand for punishment, to ask the surrender of: accusant [p. 1403] ii, quos populus poscit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; cf.:

hujus tantae cladis auctor Annibal poscitur,

Flor. 2, 6, 7:

nec poscitur auctor,

Sil. 2, 44:

poscendum poenae juvenem jubebat,

id. 1, 677; so Liv. 9, 26.—

In gen., to call one (ante-class. and poet.):

clamore hominem posco,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 5:

gemitu Alciden,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1887.— Pass.: ego poscor Olympo ( dat. of agent), Olympus calls me, summons me to the combat, Verg. A. 8, 533:

poscimur,

Ov. M. 2, 144.—

In partic., to call upon, invoke:

supplex tua numina posco,

Verg. A. 1, 666.—

In selling.

To ask, demand for a thing, to offer at a price:

tanti quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22: pro reliquis (libris) idem pretium poposcit, Varr. ap. Lact. 1, 6, 10.—

To ask, bid, offer a price for a thing:

agite licemini. Qui cenā poscit? ecqui poscit prandio?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 68; id. Merc. 2, 3, 101; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88.—

To demand one's hand, ask in marriage:

eam si jubes, frater, tibi me poscere, poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 38:

filiam tuam mihi uxorem posco,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42:

tibi permittam, posce, duce,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 103:

sine dote posco tuam sororem filio,

id. ib. 2, 4, 98:

tuam sororem uxorem alicui,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49.

quaero (old orthogr. QVAIRO, Epitaphs of the Scipios, 6; for the original form and etym. quaeso, ĕre, v. quaeso), sīvi or sĭi, sītum, 3, v. a., to seek.

Lit.

In gen.: aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 43 Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 3:

te ipsum quaerebam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 3:

escam in sterquilinio,

Phaedr. 3, 12 init. —

In partic.

To seek to get or procure, to seek or search for a thing, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 38:

rem mercaturis faciendis,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 46.— Absol.:

contrivi in quaerendo vitam atque aetatem meam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15; 5, 3, 27; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57; id. A. P. 170.—

Transf., to get, procure, obtain, acquire a thing:

uxores liberorum quaerendorum causā ducere,

Suet. Caes. 52:

liberorum quaerundorum causā ei uxor data est,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 109; cf.:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 21.—

To seek for something missing, to miss:

Siciliam in uberrimā Siciliae parte,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

optatos Tyndaridas,

Prop. 1, 17, 18:

Phoebi comam,

Tib. 2, 3, 20:

amnes,

Stat. Th. 4, 703.—

To ask, desire, with ut and subj.:

quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem quidnam istis agendum putem,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to seek, i. e. to think over, meditate, aim at, plan a thing:

dum id quaero, tibi qui filium restituerem,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 83:

quonam modo maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus,

Sall. C. 33,5:

fugam,

Cic. Att. 7, 17, 1; id. Mur. 37, 80:

sibi remedium ad rem aliquam,

id. Clu. 9, 27:

de gratiā quid significares, mecum ipse quaerebam,

id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—With inf.:

tristitiae causam si quis cognoscere quaerit,

seeks, strives, endeavors, Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 7; id. Am. 1, 8, 51; Hor. C. 3, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 1, 2 al.—

In partic.

To look for, seek to gain any thing; to get, acquire, obtain, procure:

laudem sibi,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 74:

salutem alicui malo,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 2:

negabant ullā aliā in re nisi in naturā quaerendum esse illud summum bonum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

pudentem exitum suae impudentiae,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

invidiam in aliquem,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 46. —

Of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to demand, need, require, = requirere:

quod cujusquam oratoris eloquentiam quaereret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 29:

lites ex limitibus judicem quaerant,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15, 1:

bellum dictatoriam majestatem quaesivisset,

Liv. 8, 30:

quaerit Boeotia Dircen,

Ov. M. 2, 239. —

To seek to learn from any one; to ask, inquire, interrogate (cf.: interrogo, percontor).

With ab:

cum ab iis saepius quaereret,

made inquiries, Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

quaero abs te nunc, Hortensi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 191:

quaesivit a medicis, quemadmodum se haberet,

Nep. Dion, 2, 4:

a quo cum quaesisset, quo se deduci vellet,

id. Epam. 4, 5; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60. —

With de:

quaerebat paulo ante de me, quid, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 9, 18:

de te ipso quaero, Vatini, utrum, etc.,

id. Vatin. 4, 10:

quaero de te, arbitrerisne, etc.,

Liv. 4, 40:

cura tibi de quo quaerere nulla fuit,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 18.—

With ex:

quaesivi ex Phaniā, quam in partem provinciae putaret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 1:

quaerit ex solo ea, quae, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18.—

With a rel.-clause:

ille baro te putabat quaesiturum, unum caelum esset an innumerabilia,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3:

natura fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est,

Hor. A. P. 409:

quaeritur inter medicos, cujus generis aquae sint utilissimae,

Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 31.—

To desire,

With inf. (post-Aug.):

e monte aliquo in alium transilire quaerens,

Plin. 8, 53, 79, § 214:

qui mutare sedes quaerebant,

Tac. G. 2.—

Transf., of animals, plants, etc., to desire, prefer, seek:

salictum et harundinetum... umidum locum quaerunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 5:

glires aridum locum quaerunt,

id. ib. 3, 15, 2; Col. 1, praef. §

26: lupinum quaerit maxime sabulosa,

Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 134;

so of the soil: ager aquosus plus stercoris quaerit,

demands, Pall. 1, 6, 15.—

To examine or inquire into judicially, to investigate, institute an investigation; with [p. 1502] acc. (rare):

hunc abduce, vinci, rem quaere,

Ter. Ad. 3 (4), 36:

non dubitabat Minucius, quin iste (Verres) illo die rem illam quaesiturus non esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72. —With de and abl. (class.; cf.

Krebs, Autibarb. p. 962 sq.): de pecuniis repetundis,

Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 27:

de morte alicujus,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119:

de servo in dominum,

to question by torture, put to the rack, id. Mil. 22, 59:

aliquid per tormenta,

Suet. Tib. 58:

legibus,

to investigate according to the laws, impartially, Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 3. —

Transf.: si quaeris, si quaerimus (prop., if we, or you, look well into the matter; if we, or you, would know the truth), to say the truth, in fact, to speak honestly:

omnino, si quaeris, ludi apparatissimi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2:

at sunt morosi, et anxii, et difficiles senes: si quaerimus, etiam avari,

id. Sen. 18, 65:

si quaeritis,

id. de Or. 2, 62, 254; so,

too, si verum quaeris,

id. Fam. 12, 8, 1:

si verum quaeritis,

id. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

si verum quaerimus,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 55: noli quaerere or quid quaeris? in short, in one word:

noli quaerere: ita mihi pulcher hic dies visus est,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

quid quaeris? biduo factus est mihi familiaris,

id. ib. 3, 1, 2.— Hence, quaesītus, a, um, P. a., sought out.

In a good sense, select, special, extraordinary (mostly post-Aug.): epulae quaesitissumae, Sall. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9, 9 (Sall. H. 2, 23, 4 Dietsch); comp.:

leges quaesitiores (opp. simplices),

Tac. A. 3, 26:

quaesitior adulatio,

id. ib. 3, 57.— Sup.:

quaesitissimi honores,

Tac. A. 2, 53.—

In a bad sense (opp. to what is natural), far-fetched, studied, affected, assumed (class.):

vitabit etiam quaesita nec ex tempore ficta, sed domo allata, quae plerumque sunt frigida,

Cic. Or. 26, 89:

ut numerus non quaesitus, sed ipse secutus esse videatur,

id. ib. 65, 219:

comitas,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

asperitas,

id. ib. 5, 3.—

Subst.: quaesītum, i, n.

A question ( poet.):

accipe quaesiti causam,

Ov. M. 4, 793; id. F. 1, 278; Hor. S. 2, 6, 82.—

A question as a rhetorical figure, = pusma, Mart. Cap. 5, § 524.

rĕ-posco, ĕre, v. a., to demand back, to ask for again, as something belonging to one (class.); constr. aliquid; aliquid ab aliquo; more freq., aliquem aliquid, and absol.

Lit.:

dedisti eam dono mihi: Eandem nunc reposcis,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 16:

quoi talentum mutuom dedi, reposcam,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 202:

quae deposueris,

Quint. 9, 2, 63:

pecuniam,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

ignes commissos,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 53:

fratrem clamore magno,

Sil. 17, 460:

ego ab hac puerum reposcam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76:

virginem,

id. Curc. 5, 2, 16:

aulam auri te reposco,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 33:

eum vidulum,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 65:

eum simulacrum Cereris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113:

alter me Catilinam reposcebat,

id. Red. in Sen. 4, 10:

Parthos signa,

Verg. A. 7, 606:

(talenta) Thebani reposcunt Thessalos,

Quint. 5, 10, 111:

propensiores ad bene merendum quam ad reposcendum,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32. —

Trop., to ask for, claim, demand, exact, require, as something due:

attentas aures animumque reposco,

Lucr. 6, 920:

quod natura reposcit,

id. 2, 369:

vitam (mea fata),

Prop. 2, 1, 71:

amissam meā virtutem voce,

Ov. M. 13, 235:

foedus flammis,

Verg. A. 12, 573:

responsa Ordine cuncta suo,

id. ib. 11, 240:

promissa,

id. ib. 12, 2:

pretium libelli,

Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 5:

gratiam,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

vicem,

Mart. 8, 38, 3:

natos poenas,

Verg. A. 2, 139 Forbig. ad loc. (Heyne, ad poenas):

ab altero rationem vitae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1: rationem (rei) ab aliquo, id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27; Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf.:

vos rationem reposcitis, quid Achaei Lacedaemoniis bello victis fecerimus?

Liv. 39, 37:

quid dicturos reposcentibus aut prospera aut adversa,

who demanded an account of their successes or reverses, Tac. H. 3, 13 fin.:

cave respuas, Ne poenas Nemesis reposcat a te,

Cat. 50, 20.

rĕposco, ōnis, m. [1. reposco], one who makes a demand, who urges a claim, a dun:

acerrimi,

Amm. 22, 16, 23.

rĕ-quīro, sīvi or sii, sītum, 3, v. a. [quaero], to seek again; to look after, to seek or search for; to seek to know, to ask or inquire after (class.; cf.: repeto, reposco, exploro).

In gen.: Ph. Quid quaeritas? Ha. Vestigium hic requiro, Qua, etc., Plaut. Cist. 4. 2, 58:

ego illam requiram jam, ubi ubi est,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 56; so,

aliquem,

id. As. 2, 2, 1; id. Capt. 3, 1, 13; id. Bacch. 3, 5, 2; id. Pers. 4, [p. 1575] 6, 14; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 65; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 79; 5, 6, 41; Caes. B. C. 2, 35; Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44; Sall. C. 40, 1: legatos Allobrogum, Greg. M. in Job, 31, 54; Amm. 23, 6 al.; cf.:

juvenem oculisque animoque,

Ov. M. 4, 129:

oculis terram,

Curt. 4, 7, 11:

cerva requisita,

Gell. 15, 22, 6:

libros,

Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

scripta SCtis abolita,

Suet. Calig. 16:

extractum anulum,

id. Tib. 73:

membra omnia,

Quint. 11, 2, 13:

artus, ossa,

Ov. M. 2, 336:

portus Velinos,

Verg. A. 6, 366:

cibos,

Col. 8, 8, 1:

vinum generosum et lene,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 18:

animi neque admirantur neque requirunt rationes earum rerum, quas semper vident,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

causam tam facilis eventus,

Front. Strat. 3, 1, 2; cf.

causam,

Ov. M. 10, 388:

vera,

Lucr. 1, 640:

tua facta,

Ov. H. 6, 31:

mea facta,

id. M 13, 211:

quaedam requisita se occultant, et eadem forte succurrunt,

Quint. 11, 2, 7; cf. id. 8, prooem. § 30 Zumpt N. cr.; id. 5, 10, 121:

quod si quis parum credat, apud ipsum (Lucilium) in nono requirat,

id. 1, 7, 19.—With dependent clause:

requireres, rogitares, quis esset, aut unde esset, etc.,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 48:

(bestiae) ut requirant atque appetant, ad quas se applicent ejusdem generis animantes,

Cic. Lael. 21, 81:

illud quoque requisivi, quā ratione, etc.,

id. Quint. 29, 88; cf. id. N. D. 1, 22, 60:

requirunt, num aliquid, etc.,

Quint. 12, 9, 17:

forsitan et, Priami fuerint quae fata, requiras,

Verg. A. 2, 506:

cum requisisset ubinam esset,

Nep. Att. 10, 4:

secum, cur sit bis rapta, requirit,

Ov. M. 15, 233.— Impers. pass.:

requiretur fortasse nunc, quemadmodem, etc.,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22. — Absol.:

videmusne, ut pueri... pulsi requirant et aliquid scire se gaudeant?

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48:

subito res vetustas reddere se et offerre, nec tantum requirentibus, sed etiam sponte interim,

Quint. 11, 2, 5:

pande requirenti nomen terraeque tuumque,

Ov. M. 4, 679. —

Requirere ex or ab aliquo (aliquid), to ask, demand, inquire any thing of a person; to question a person about any thing:

ex quibus requiram, quonam modo latuerint aut ubi, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

si quis requirit cur Romae non sim,

id. Att. 12, 40, 3; cf.:

saepe ex me requiris, cur, etc.,

Tac. Or. 1:

quoniam nihil ex te hi requirunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 38, 64; Quint. 1, 6, 31:

facilia sunt ea, quae a me de Vatinio requiris,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19; cf.:

ut id a me neve in hoc reo neve in aliis requiras,

id. ib. 1, 9, 19:

illud mihi numquam in mentem venit a te requirere,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 5:

aliquid de antiquitate ab aliquo,

Nep. Att. 20, 2. —

In partic., with the accessory idea of need, to ask for something needed; to need, want, lack, miss, be in want of, require (syn. desidero):

omnes hoc loco cives Romani vestram severitatem desiderant, vestram fidem implorant, vestrum auxilium requirunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

qui beatus est, non intellego, quid requirat, ut sit beatior,

id. Tusc. 5, 8, 23:

habuit, non habet: desiderat, requirit, indiget,

id. ib. 1, 36, 87: isto bono utare, dum assit;

cum absit, ne requiras: nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam, paulum aetate progressi adulescentiam debent requirere,

id. Sen. 10, 33; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

magnam res diligentiam requirebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

non ex liberis populis reges requiri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

mala causa est quae requirit misericordiam, Publ. Syr. v. 312 Rib.: divitias,

Tib. 1, 1, 41.—

Pass., to be required, i. e. to be requisite, necessary:

in hoc bello Asiatico virtutes animi magnae et multae requiruntur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

haec in altercatione,

Quint. 6, 3, 46:

aliquae orationes ad cognoscendam litium rationem requiruntur,

id. 10, 1, 23; Col. 1, 7, 1.—

Transf., like desiderare, to perceive to be wanting, to look in vain for, to miss:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt, veterem consuetudinem fori et pristinum morem judiciorum requirunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1:

libertatem meam,

id. Planc. 38, 93:

et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6: unum historikon, id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

Caesaris in se indulgentiam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

quae nonnumquam requirimus,

Cic. Mur. 29, 61:

aliquid,

Quint. 2, 10, 15:

multos, Quos quondam vidi,

Ov. M. 7, 515:

vereor, ne desideres officium meum... sed tamen vereor, ne litterarum a me officium requiras,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 1:

in quo equidem majorum nostrorum saepe requiro prudentiam,

id. Par. 1, 1, 7.— Hence, rĕquīsītum, i, n., P. a., as subst. (acc. to II.), a want, need, requirement (rare): ad requisita naturae, i. e. to the calls, Sall. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 59 (Hist. 1, 54 Dietsch); Spart. Car. 6.

suc-centŭrĭo ( subc-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to receive as a recruit into a centuria; hence, transf., to put in the place of another, receive as a substitute (very rare):

succenturiare est explendae centuriae gratiā supplere, subicere, Plaut. ap. Saturione: succenturia, centum require, qui te delectent domi,

Fest. p. 306 Müll.: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ere Succenturiatus, si quid deficies, as a reserve, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 55; cf.: tota metaphora de re militari est. Succenturiati dicuntur, qui explendae centuriae gratiā subiciunt se ad supplementum ordinum, Don. ad. h. l.: et alia esca melior atque amplior succenturietur, Favor. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2.

suc-centŭrĭo ( subc-), ōnis, m., an under-officer, sub-centurion, Liv. 8, 8.

suc-centŭrĭo ( subc-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to receive as a recruit into a centuria; hence, transf., to put in the place of another, receive as a substitute (very rare):

succenturiare est explendae centuriae gratiā supplere, subicere, Plaut. ap. Saturione: succenturia, centum require, qui te delectent domi,

Fest. p. 306 Müll.: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ere Succenturiatus, si quid deficies, as a reserve, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 55; cf.: tota metaphora de re militari est. Succenturiati dicuntur, qui explendae centuriae gratiā subiciunt se ad supplementum ordinum, Don. ad. h. l.: et alia esca melior atque amplior succenturietur, Favor. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2.

suc-centŭrĭo ( subc-), ōnis, m., an under-officer, sub-centurion, Liv. 8, 8.