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21 ξύλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wood, construction-wood-, firewood, tree, beam, stick, foot-, neckblock, banc, table' (Il.); also as length-measure = `the side of the ναύβιον' (Hero Geom., pap.).Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. ξυλουργός (- οργός, - εργός) m. `carpenter' with - έω, - ία, - ικός (IA.; cf. on δημιουργός); μονό-ξυλος `made from one piece of wood', of πλοῖον a.o. (IA.). On ξύλοχος s. v.Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: ξυλ-άριον `small piece of wood' (LXX, pap. a.o.), - ήφιον `piece of wood' (Hp., hell.), - άφιον `id.' (Eust.; on - ήφιον, - άφιον Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243 f. [Kl. Schr. 2, 1200f.]); ξύλιον `piece of wood' (pap. IVp). Further subst.: 2. ξυλ-εύς m. `woodcutter', name of a sacrificial attendant in Olympia (inscr. Ia, Paus., H.) with - εύω, - εύομαι `fetch wood' (hell. inscr., Men., H.), - εία f. `fetching wood, store of wood, construction-wood' (Plb., Str., pap.); Bosshardt 75; 3. ξυλ-ίτης ἰχθῦς ποιός H. (explan. in Strömberg Fischnamen 25); - ῖτις (γῆ, χέρσος) f. `shrub-coutry' (pap.; Redard 109 w. n.); 4. ξυλών, - ῶνος m. `place for wood' (Delos III--IIa). Adj. 1. ξύλ-ινος `of wood, wooden' (Pi., B., IA.), 2. - ικός `id.' (Arist.) with - ικάριος `woodhandler (?)' (Korykos; from Lat. - ārius), 3. - ηρός `regarding wood' (Delos IIIa), - ηρά f. `woodzmarket'? (pap. Ip), 4. - ώδης `woodlike, -coloured' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.). Verbs. 1. ξυλ-ίζομαι `fetch wood' (X., Plu.) with - ισμός `fetching wood' (Str., D.H.), - ιστής `who fetches wood' (sch.); 2. ξυλ-όομαι, - όω `become wood, make, make of wood' (Thphr., LXX) with - ωσις f. `woodwork' (Th., hell. inscr.), - ωμα, - ωμάτιον `id.' (Delos IIIa a.o.); 3. ξυλ-εύω, s. above on ξυλεύς.Etymology: With ξύλον (from where on younger Att. vases σύλον, σύλινος; Schwyzer 211) agrees Lith. šùlas `(bucket-, ton-) stave, stander, pillar', if from IE *ḱsulo-; besides, in vokalism deviating, several Slav. forms, e.g. Russ. šúlo n. `garden-pole', Scr. šûlj m. `block' (IE *ḱseulo-?). Similarly with ū and anlaut. s-, Germ., e.g. OHG sūl f. `style, pole', with au (IE ou?) Goth. sauls `pillar'. The relation between the Slav., Balt. and Germ. words has been amply discussed but hardly explained; s. Vasmer and Fraenkel s. vv. with ric lit. and further forms. Older lit. also in Bq, WP. 2, 503 f. and W.-Hofmann s. silva. Mann Slavon. Rev. 37, 134 still adduces Alb. shul `bar, nail, siphon'. -- Original connection with ξύω (e.g. Fick 3, 446, also as supposition Schwyzer 329) is not probable, secondary influence (Chantraine Form. 240) well acceptable.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξύλον
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22 πέλτη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `small light shield without an edge, mostly made of wattlework, with a cover of leather' (Hdt., Tab. Heracl., Att.).Dialectal forms: Dor. -ᾱDerivatives: Dimin. πελτ-ίον (Men.), - ίδιον (sch.), - άριον (Callix., Luc.). Denominative verb πελτάζω `to bear a π.' (X., App.) with πελτ-αστής m. `bearer of a π., peltast, lightly armed man' (Att.), - αστικός `belonging to the p.' (Att.). Or πελταστής from πέλτη (after ἀσπιστής: ἀσπίς) and πελτάζω backformation as prob. in κατα-πελτάζω `to overpower with peltasts (m. πέλτη?)' (Ar. Ach. 160)?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Thrac.Etymology: After Hdt. 7, 75 a. o. carried by the Thracians; so perh. a loan. Usu. connected with πέλμα (s. v.), Lat. pellis etc. as t-derivation; semantically no doubt quite possible. The in WP. 2, 58f. and Pok. 803 adduced words with t-suffix are however all for diff. reasons contestable; on Skt. paṭa- m. `woven cloth, garment, cover' s. Mayrhofer s.v. -- Lat. LW [loanword] pelta, peltastae (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.).Page in Frisk: 2,501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλτη
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23 στροῦθος
στροῦθος, στρουθόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `sparrow, small bird in general' (Β311 etc.), also `ostrich' (= σ. κατάγαιος, σ. ἡ μεγάλη etc.; IA.); name of a flatfish (Ael.; Strömberg Fischn. 117); στροῦς ὁ στρουθὸς καὶ ὄσπριον H.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in στρουθο-κάμηλος m. `ostrich' (D.S., Str. a.o.; Risch IF 59, 57 a. 268).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. στρουθ-ίον, - ίς, - άριον (Arist., hell. a. late). 2. - ίας m. `lecher' ( Com. Adesp.). 3. - ίων m. = - ός (late; Chantraine. Form. 165). 4. - ειος `belonging to the ostrich' (pap.), -( ε)ιον ( μῆλον) `kind of quince' (Thphr., Nic. a.o.), also name of a plant `Saponaria, soap-wort' (Hp., Thphr. etc.; thus στρουθός, στροῦθος - κάμηλος; on the motive of the name Strömberg Pflanzenn. 37). 5. - ινος `made of soap-wort' (Ath.). 6. - ώδης `ostrich-like' (sch.). 7. - ωτός `painted, decorated with σ.' (Sophr.). 8. - ίζω `to twitter' (com. a.o.), also `to clean with soap-wort' with - ισμός m. (pap.). 9. - ιασμός m. `petigo, scab' (gloss.). Here also Τροῦθος PN (Bechtel Άντίδωρον 151 f.)?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Without certain connection. A certain similarity show the among each other changing names of the throstle: Lith. strãzdas, Russ. drozd, Germ., e.g. MHG drostel, OWNo. Þrǫstr, OHG drosca, Lat. turdus, Celt. e.g. NIr. truid `starling' etc. Also when we posit PGr. *στρουσ-θος (cf. ὄρνῖ-θ-?) we cannot accomodate στρουθός; τρύζω too lies rather far. -- Extensive discussion w. lit. in WP. 1, 761 f. (Pok. 1096), further also W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv.; new morphological analysis by Specht Ursprung 49. -- Furnée 182 posits *τρουθ-ος after the PN and from ὁειὸν τρούθ\< ιον\> for ᾠὸν στρούθ(ε)ιον, and *δρουθ-ος after the PN Δρουθου (gen. Telos). The variations point to a Pre-Greek word. (Note the nom. *στρουθ-ς \> στροῦς.)Page in Frisk: 2,811Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στροῦθος
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24 στρουθός
στροῦθος, στρουθόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `sparrow, small bird in general' (Β311 etc.), also `ostrich' (= σ. κατάγαιος, σ. ἡ μεγάλη etc.; IA.); name of a flatfish (Ael.; Strömberg Fischn. 117); στροῦς ὁ στρουθὸς καὶ ὄσπριον H.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in στρουθο-κάμηλος m. `ostrich' (D.S., Str. a.o.; Risch IF 59, 57 a. 268).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. στρουθ-ίον, - ίς, - άριον (Arist., hell. a. late). 2. - ίας m. `lecher' ( Com. Adesp.). 3. - ίων m. = - ός (late; Chantraine. Form. 165). 4. - ειος `belonging to the ostrich' (pap.), -( ε)ιον ( μῆλον) `kind of quince' (Thphr., Nic. a.o.), also name of a plant `Saponaria, soap-wort' (Hp., Thphr. etc.; thus στρουθός, στρουθός - κάμηλος; on the motive of the name Strömberg Pflanzenn. 37). 5. - ινος `made of soap-wort' (Ath.). 6. - ώδης `ostrich-like' (sch.). 7. - ωτός `painted, decorated with σ.' (Sophr.). 8. - ίζω `to twitter' (com. a.o.), also `to clean with soap-wort' with - ισμός m. (pap.). 9. - ιασμός m. `petigo, scab' (gloss.). Here also Τροῦθος PN (Bechtel Άντίδωρον 151 f.)?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Without certain connection. A certain similarity show the among each other changing names of the throstle: Lith. strãzdas, Russ. drozd, Germ., e.g. MHG drostel, OWNo. Þrǫstr, OHG drosca, Lat. turdus, Celt. e.g. NIr. truid `starling' etc. Also when we posit PGr. *στρουσ-θος (cf. ὄρνῖ-θ-?) we cannot accomodate στρουθός; τρύζω too lies rather far. -- Extensive discussion w. lit. in WP. 1, 761 f. (Pok. 1096), further also W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv.; new morphological analysis by Specht Ursprung 49. -- Furnée 182 posits *τρουθ-ος after the PN and from ὁειὸν τρούθ\< ιον\> for ᾠὸν στρούθ(ε)ιον, and *δρουθ-ος after the PN Δρουθου (gen. Telos). The variations point to a Pre-Greek word. (Note the nom. *στρουθ-ς \> στροῦς.)Page in Frisk: 2,811Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρουθός
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25 μύλος
μύλος, ου, ὁ (H. Gk. for ἡ μύλη [so also Joseph.]; B-D-F §50).① mill (Diod S 3, 13, 2; Plut., Mor. 549e; 830d; PSI 530, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 278, 17; Ex 11:5; Dt 24:6; Is 47:2; SibOr 8, 14), made of two flat stones, which varied in the course of time and provenance in size and shape; by moving one over the other, whether by hand or by mechanical contrivance, the grain between the two was turned into flour (s. illustrations in Bible dictionaries). ἀλήθειν ἐν τῷ μ. grind with the (hand-)mill (cp. Num 11:8) Mt 24:41. φωνὴ μ. the sound of the mill (as it turns) Rv 18:22.② millstone (Lycophron 233; Strabo 4, 1, 13; Anth. Pal. 11, 246, 2; PRyl 167, 10; BGU 1067, 5; Judg 9:53 A; 2 Km 11:21) Rv 18:21 v.l.; μ. ὀνικός a great (lit. ‘donkey’) millstone, i.e. not a stone fr. the small handmill, but one fr. the large mill, worked by donkey-power (s. ὀνικός). As a heavy weight: ἵνα κρεμασθῇ μ. ὀνικὸς περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ that a great millstone would be hung around his neck Mt 18:6. Also εἰ περίκειται μ. ὀν. περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ if a great millstone were hung around his neck Mt 9:42. More briefly περιτεθῆναι μύλον have a millstone hung (on him) 1 Cl 46:8.—Rv 18:21 v.l. B. 363.—DELG. M-M. -
26 χαλκός
χαλκός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol; EpArist 119; Philo; Just., A I, 60, 3; Ath. 26, 3)① a metal of various types, such as copper, brass, or bronze (Jos., Ant. 8, 76 w. gold and silver) prob. brass, bronze Rv 18:12. As a material (w. others) for making cult images PtK 2 p. 14, 14; Dg 2:2 (in a comparison w. vessels for everyday use)② anything made of such metal: (loanw. in rabb. in the sense ‘kettle’) a cult image of brass 2 Cl 1:6. χαλκὸς ἠχῶν a noisy (brass) gong 1 Cor 13:1 (s. ἠχέω; also HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 12, ’48, 50–53; or ‘acoustical vase’ used in theaters, NTS 32, ’86, 286–89). Copper coin, small change (Lucian, Syr. Dea 29 w. gold and silver money), also simply money (Epicharmus 111 Kaibel [in Pollux, who rejects this usage 9, 90]; Artem 5, 82; PHib 66, 4 [III B.C.]; PTebt 79, 8; Sb 4369 II, 26; EpJer 34) Mt 10:9; Mk 6:8; 12:41.—B. 611f. DELG. M-M.
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