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101 GRÍPA

grip

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(gríp; greip, gripurn; gripinn), v.

1) to grasp, seize (hann greip sverð sitt á skjöld);

2) to seize upon (grípa góz fyrir mönnum);

3) with preps.:

grípa á e-u, to catch hold of (H. greip á stafni);

grípa á kýlinu, to touch upon a sore place;

grípa til e-s, to seize (grípa til sverðsins);

greip hundrinn til hans, the dog snapped at him;

grípa upp, to catch up (Loki greip upp mikla stöng);

grípa við orði, to commence speaking.

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greip, gripu, gripit, [Ulf. greipan = κρατειν, λαμβάνειν; A. S. grîpan; Engl. grip, gripe, grapple; O. H. G. grîfan; Germ. greifen; Swed. gripa; Dan. gribe]:—to grasp, seize:

1. with the notion of suddenness or violence; hann greip skjöld sinn ok sverð, Ó. H. 117; konungr greip til sverðs þess er stóð hjá honum, Fms. i. 16, vi. 159; Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu, en greip sverðit ok brá, Eg. 215; Egill greip þá skjótt meðalkafla sverðsins, 379; síðan greip hann til Egils, 192; hann greip upp Þórð ok keyrði niðr, id.; Ormr grípr þá í móti fleininum, Fb. i. 530; hann greip upp beiti-ásinn ok barði með, 491; hann greip til hans ( the dog snaps at him) um sinn ok reif kviðinn, Fms. ii. 174; hann grípr nárann, Anal. 122.

2. to capture, seize; gripinn, and gripinn höndum, captured, Hom. 131, Pass. 6. 12, 9. 1, 11. 1.

β. to seize upon, rob; þat er mér sagt at þú farir heldr óspaklega ok grípir fyrir mönnum góðs sitt, Grett. 130 (grip-deildir).

γ. to grasp; hann greip á stafni, Hým. 27.

3. phrases, grípa gulli á við e-n, to coax one; at svá þykki ( lest it shall seem) at ek grípa gulli á við þá, Nj. 6; ok gríp nú gulli á við konunginn, ok lát sem þú þykisk þar allt eiga er konungrinn er, Fms. xi. 112; grípa á kýlinu, to touch upon the sore place; Eysteinn konungr svarar, nú greiptu á kýlinu því er ek hugða at fyrir löngu myndi springa, vii. 121: grípa í tómt, to grasp the air (cp. when the bird is flown): grípa á e-u, to decide; hann kvaðsk ekki mundu svá skjótt grípa á slíku, he said he would take time to consider, xi. 362.

4. medic. of fits or sickness, to seize upon; þitt geð grípi, seize thy senses (of insanity)! Skm.; þá var hann gripinn af æði mikilli, 623. 12.

II. metaph. to understand, very rare and borrowed from Lat. comprehendere, Sks. 559 C, Eluc. 21: in mod. usage, to grasp, encompass with the mind; but nema, to learn.

III. reflex., grípask þeir þá til ( they grasped at one another) ok glíma lengi, Fb. i. 530.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GRÍPA
102 NEFST

f. (nepst), [Swed. näfst], a penalty, chastisement; undir Heilagrar kirkju nefst ok refsing, Munk. 72, D. N. v. 785: en er verra, þat er vita þykkjumk, niðja stríð um nept, my mind bodes me still worse things, a sore retribution to thy sons (a bitter fratricidal strife), Skv. 2. 8, for this must be the true sense of this contested passage; nept for nepst may be right by analogy of heipt and heipst; the word is altogether obsolete in Iceland, but is still in use in Sweden.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > NEFST
103 TAKA

take

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I)

(tek; tók, tókum; tekinn), v.

1) to take, catch, seize (tóku þeir laxinn ok otrinn ok báru með sér);

G. tók inni vinstri hendi spjótit á lopti, G. caught the spear with his left hand;

man hón taka fé okkart allt með ráni, she will take all our goods by force;

taka e-n höndum, to seize one, take captive;

tökum vápn vár, let us take to our weapons;

2) fig., taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian;

taka skírn, to be baptized;

taka hvíld, to take a rest;

taka flótta, to take to flight;

taka rœðu, umrœðu, to begin a parley;

taka ráð, to take a counsel (= taka til ráðs);

taka e-n orðum, to address one;

taka sættir or sættum, to accept terms;

taka þenna kost, to take this choice;

taka stefnu, to fix a meeting;

taka boði, to accept an offer;

taka sótt, to be taken ill;

taka úgleði, to get out of spirits;

taka andviðri, to meet with contrary winds;

taka konung, to take, elect a king;

taka konu, to take a wife;

taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways;

taka e-n or e-m vel, to receive one well;

taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly;

taka upp höndum, to raise the hands;

3) to reach, stretch forth, touch;

fremri hyrnan tók viðbeinit, the upper horn caught the collar bone;

því at ek tek eigi heim í kveld, for I shall not reach home to-night;

hárit tók ofan á belti, the hair came down to her waist;

4) to reach and take harbour (þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu);

5) to take, hold, of a vessel (ketill, er tók tvær tunnur);

6) to be equivalent to, be worth (hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend);

7) with infin., to begin (hann tók at yrkja, þegar er hann var ungr);

nú taka öll húsin at lóga, now the whole house began to blaze;

impers., þá tók at lægja veðrit, then the wind began to fall;

8) to touch, regard, concern (þat allt, sem leikmenn tekr);

9) to catch (up), come up with (hann var allra manna fóthvatastr, svá at engi hestr tók hann á rás);

10) to start, rush (Eirikr tók út or stofunni, en konungr bað menn hlaupa eptir honum);

taka á rás, taka frá, to take to running, run away (svá illt sem nú er frá at taka, þá mun þó síðarr verra);

11) impers. it is taken;

þá tók af veðrit (acc.) then the storm abated;

kom á fótinn, svá at af tók, the stroke came on his leg, so that it was cut off;

sýnina tekr frá e-m, one becomes blind;

tók út skip Þangbrands, Th.’s ship drifted out;

um várit er sumarhita tók, when the summer heat set in;

12) with preps, and advs., taka e-n af lífi, lífdögum, taka e-n af, to take one’s life, put to death;

taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive one of his title and power;

taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse;

taka e-t af e-m, to take a thing from one, deprive one of (er vér tókum seglit af honum, þá grét hann);

taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping;

taka e-t af e-m, to get frotn one (tekr hann af öllu fólki mikil lof);

taka mikinn (mikil), lítinn (lítil) af e-u, to make (say) much, little of;

hón tók lítil af öllu, she said little about it, took it coldly;

øngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee;

taka e-t af, to choose, take;

G. bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir engi af taka, G. made thee good offers, but thou wouldst take none of them;

fara sem fœtr mega af taka, at the top of one’s speed;

hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, as fast as possible;

to abolish, do away with (lagði á þat allan hug al taka af heiðni ok fornar venjur);

taka e-t aptr, to take back, render void (taka aptr þat, er ek gef); to recall (taka aptr orð, heil sín);

taka á e-u, to touch (hón tók á augum hans);

taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, illa á e-u, to take (a thing) well, in good part, ill, in ill part (fluttu þeir þetta fyrir jarli, en hann tók vel á);

taka e-t á sik, to take upon oneself (kvaðst heldr vilja taka þat á sik at gefa honum annát augat);

tóku þeir á sik svefn mikinn, they fell fast asleep;

taka arf eptir e-n, to inherit one;

taka e-t eptir, to get in return;

með því at þú gerir svá, sem ek býð þér, skaltu nökkut eptir taka, thou shalt have some reward;

taka e-t frá e-m, to take a thing away from one (þeir tóku spjótin frá þeim ok báru út á ána);

taka e-n frá e-u, to deprive one of (taka e-n frá landi, ríki);

taka e-t fyrir e-t, to take in return for (hann keypti sveinana ok tók fyrir þá vesl gott ok slagning); to take for, look upon as (lökum vér þat allt fyrir satt; því tek ek þat fyrir gaman);

taka fyrir e-t, to refuse (tók E. eigi fyrir útanferð at sumri);

taka hendi í e-t, to thrust one’s hand into;

taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands with one;

taka í móti, to offer resistance (þeir brendu víða bygðina, en bœndr tóku ekki í móti);

taka niðr, to pull down, demolish (taka niðr til grundvallar allt þat verk); to graze a little, = taka til jarðar (þeir láta nú taka niðr hesta sína);

taka niðri, to touch (feel) the bottom;

taka ofan, to take down (Högni tekr ofan atgeirinn); to pull down (hann hafði látil taka ofan skála sinn);

taka í sundr, to cut asunder;

impers., slœmdi sverðinu til hans, svá at í sundr tók manninn, so that the man was cleft asunder;

taka til e-s, to take to (tóku þá margir til at níða hann);

taka til máls (orðs, orða), to begin to speak;

nú er þar til máls at taka, at, now we must take up the story at this point, that;

taka til varnar, to begin the defence;

taka til e-s, to have recourse to, resort to (taka e-t til ráðs, bragðs); to concern (þetta mál, er til konungs tók);

láta e-t til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with (Gísli lét fátt til sín taka);

taka e-n til e-s, to choose, elect (Ólafr var til konungs tekinn um allt land);

absol., taka til, to begin (hann hélt allt austr um Svínasund, þá tók til vald Svíakonungs);

taka e-t til, to take to, do;

ef hann tekr nökkut illt til, if he takes to any ill;

taka um e-t, to take hold of, grasp (nú skaltu taka um fót honum);

taka e-t undan, to take away;

impers., undan kúnni tók nyt alla, the cow ceased to give milk;

taka undan, to run away, escape (B. tók undan með rás);

taka undir e-t, to take hold under a thing;

hann tók undir kverkina ok kyssti hana, he took her by the chin and kissed her;

to undertake, take upon oneself;

H. kvaðst ekki taka mundu undir vandræði þeira, H. said he would have nothing to do with their troubles;

taka undir e-t með e-m, to back, help one in a thing (vil ek, at þér takit undir þetta mál með mér);

þau tóku undir þetta léttiliga, they seconded it readily;

hann tók seinliga undir, he was slow to answer;

taka undir, to echo, resound (fjöllin tóku undir);

taka e-t undir sik, to take on hand (Gizurr tók undir sik málit); to lay hold of (hann tekr undir sik eignir þær, er K. átti í Noregi);

taka e-t upp, to pick up (S. tók upp hanzka sinn);

taka upp fé fyrir e-m, to seize on, confiscate;

taka upp borð, to set up the tables before a meal, but also to remove them after a meal;

taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode;

hón tekr mart þat upp, er fjarri er mínum vilja, she takes much in hand that is far from my will;

drykk ok vistir, svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take;

taka upp ný goðorð, to establish new priesthoods;

taka upp verknað, to take up work;

taka upp stœrð, to take to pride;

taka upp sök, to take up a case;

taka upp draum, to interpret a dream;

taka e-t upp, to choose (seg nú skjótt, hvern kost þú vill upp taka);

absol., taka upp, to extend, rise (rekkjustokkr tekr upp á millum rúma okkarra);

taka út, to run out (E. tók út ór stofunni);

taka við e-u, to receive (A. hafði tekit við föðurarf sínum);

taka vel við e-m, to receive one well, give one a hearty welcome;

taka við trú, to take the faith;

þeir tóku vel við, they made a bold resistance;

tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off;

taka yfir e-t, to extend over (hann skal eignast af Englandi þat, sem uxahúð tekr yfir);

impers. to come to an end, succeed (kveðst nú vænta, at nú mundi yfir taka);

þeir munu allt til vinna at yfir taki við oss, to get the better of us;

13) refl., takast;

II)

f.

1) taking, capture, of a fortress, prisoner;

2) taking, seizing, of property;

3) revenue, = tekja( með öllum tökum ok skyldum).

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pres. tek, tekr; tökum, takit, taka; pret. tók, tókt (tókst), tók, pl. tóku; subj. tæki (tœki); imperat. tak, taktú; part. tekinn: with neg. suff. tek’k-at ek, I take not, Kristni S. (in a verse); tak-a-ttu, take thou not, Fas. i. (in a verse); tekr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 9: [Ulf. têkan, pret. taitok = απτεσθαι; Swed. take; Dan. tage, sounded tā, ‘du tar det ikke, vil du ta det;’ Engl. take is a word borrowed from the Dan., which gradually displaced the Old Engl. niman.]

A. To take hold of, seize, grasp; taka sér alvæpni, Eg. 236; tóku menn sér þar byrðar ok báru út, Egill tók undir hönd sér mjöð-drekku, 237; nú taki hest minn, ok skal ek ríða eptir honum, 699; tóku þeir skíð sín ok stigu á, 545; hann tók inni vinstri hendi spjótið ok skaut, Nj. 42; lauk upp kistu ok tók upp góð kvennmanna-klæði, Ld. 30; hann tekr nú bogann, … tekr nú kaðal einn, Fas. ii. 543; taka upp net, K. Þ. K. 90; hross skal maðr taka ok teyma ok hepta, þótt heilagt sé, id.

2. to seize; þeir tóku þar herfang mikit, Nj. 43; tóku skipit ok allt þat er á var, Fms. vii. 249; þeir tóku þar skútu, viii. 438; tóku skip hans, landtjald, klæði, ix. 275; taka fé okkat allt með ráni, Nj. 5; engi maðr skal fyrir öðrum taka, Gþl. 473; hann leiddi þik til arfs … munu taka óvinir þínir ef þú kemr eigi til, Nj. 4; þeir tóku bæinn, seized, Sturl. ii. 149; kona hafði tekit ( stolen) … ok vildi hann refsa henni, Fms. vii. 330.

3. to catch; Skotar munu hafa tekit njósnir allar, Nj. 126; standi menn upp ok taki hann, 130; hann skyldi taka hundinn, 114; þeir tóku á sundi mann einn, Fms. vii. 225; gröf, at taka í dýr, Flóv. 33; taka höndum, to lay hold of, take captive, Nj. 114, 275; in a good sense, Fms. x. 314.

4. taka e-n af lífi, to take one from life, Fms. x. 3, Eg. 70; taka e-n af lífdögum, id., Fms. vii. 204: ellipt., taka af (af-taka), to take one off, put to death, Js. 23; taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive of …, Eg. 268; tóku þeir af eignum jarla konungs, Fms. i. 6: taka af e-m, to take a thing from one, x. 421, Nj. 103, 131, Eg. 120, Ld. 288; taka frá e-m, to take from, off, Nj. 253, K. Þ. K. 48; taka ofan, to take down, pull down, Nj. 119, 168; taka ór, to set apart, 232; taka undir sik, to take under oneself, subject, Fms. x. 24: to take charge of, Nj. 110, Eg. 725: taka upp, to take up, pick up, assume, 23.

5. to take, grasp; taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands, Nj. 129; taka á lopti, to interrupt, Fms. x. 314; taka í ketil, of the ordeal, Grág. i. 381, Gkv. 3. 7; taka í jörð, to graze, of an animal, Bs. i. 338; jó lætr til jarðar taka, Skm. 15; skulu þér láta taka niðr hesta yðra, to graze a little, Band. 14 new Ed.; tók einn þeirra niðr í sinn klæðsekk, Stj.

II. metaph., taka upphaf, to begin, Hom. 49; taka vöxt ok þroska, to increase, Rb. 392; taka konungdóm, Eg. 646; taka ráð, 49; taka skírn, 770; taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian, Nj. 273; taka hvíld, to take rest, 43, 115; taka á sik svefn, 252; taka ræðu, to begin a parley, Eg. 578; taka umræðu, id., Nj. 146; þau taka þá tal, Ld. 72, Fms. ii. 254; taka nærri sér, see nær l. 2; taka á sik göngu, Fbr. 101 new Ed.; taka á sik svefn, Nj.; taka eld, to light a fire, 199; taka e-n orðum, to address; taka í sætt, to receive into reconciliation, Eg. 168; taka sættir, to accept terms, id. (also taka sættum, id.); taka þenna kost, 280; taka samheldi, Fms. ix. 344; ok tóku þat fastliga, at friðr skyldi standa, declared firmly that, x. 40, v. l.; taka stefnu, to fix a meeting, xi. 400; tóku þeir stefnu í milli sín, 402; nú er svá tekið um allt landit, at …, fixed by law that …, Gþl. 275; þeir tóku fastmælum sín í milli, at …, Bret. 82; taki í lög, to take into fellowship, Fms. xi. 96; lög-taka, cp. lófa-tak, vápna-tak; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð enn þú vildir engi af taka, thou wouldst accept none of them, Nj. 77; tók hann þann kost af, at leggja allt á konungs vald, Fms. iv. 224; ok þat tóku þeir af, ix. 367; Ólafr kvaðsk þat mundu af taka, Ld. 72; taka e-t til ráðs, or taka ráðs, bragðs, to resort to, Nj. 75, 124, 199: also, taka e-t til, to resort to, 26, Fms. xi, 253, passim (til-tæki); taka mót, to receive, Edda 15; taka e-t við, to receive in return, Fms. ii. 269; taka bætr fyrir e-t, xi. 253; með því þú görir sem ek býð þér, skaltú nökkuð eptir taka, take some reward for it, Ld. 44; þat er bæði at vér róum hart, enda mun nú mikit eptir taka, a great reward, Finnb. 232 (eptir-tekja); taka fæðu, to take food; taka corpus Domini, Mar.; taka samsæti, Fms. ii. 261; taka arf, Eg. 34; taka erfð, Gþl. 241; taka fé eptir föður sinn, Fms. xi. 47; taka laun, Nj. 68; taka veizlu, to take, receive a veizla (q. v.), Fms. xi. 239; konungr … hann tekr ( receives) af mörgum, skal hann því mikit gefa, 217; taka mikit lof, x. 367; taka helgun af Guði, Rb. 392; taka heilsu, to recover, Stj. 624; ek skal taka hæði-yrði af þér, Nj. 27; taka af honum rán ok manntjón, Ld. 64; taka úskil af íllum mönnum, Greg. 44; taka píslir ok dauða, 656 B. 30; drap hann þar menn nökkura, þótti mönnum hart at taka þat af útlendum manni, Bs. i. 19; þeir tóku mikinn andróða, Fms. viii. 438; taka andviðri, Eg. 87; þeir tóku norðan-veðr hörð, were overtaken by, Nj. 124; taka sótt, to be taken sick or ill (North E. to take ill), 29, Fms. xi. 97, Eg. 767; taka þyngd. id., Ísl. ii. 274; taka fótar-mein, Nj. 219; taka úgleði, to get out of spirits, Eg. 322; hann tók þá fáleika ok úgleði, Fms. vii. 103; hann tók langt kaf, 202; taka arftaki, to adopt, Grág. i. 232; taka konung, to take, elect a king, Fms. ix. 256; taka konu, to take a wife, x. 397; hann kvángaðisk ok tók bróður-dóttur þess manns er Finnr hét, 406; tók Magnús konungr Margrétu, 413; taka konu brott nauðga, to carry off a woman, Grág. i. 353; tók hann þá til háseta, he hired them, Eg. 404; taka far or fari, Landn. 307, Grág. ii. 406 (far, ii. 3); taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways, Fms. viii. 30; taka ferð, to start, Stj.; taka til konungs, or the like, Eg. 367, 400, Fms. vii. 252; taka til siðar, Sks. 313; taka e-n vel, to receive well; ok taki ér, herra, vel þá Hjalta ok Gizur, Bs. i. 19; tók Skota-konungr hann vel, Fms. xi. 419; taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly, Nj. 26; taka fyrir e-t, to stop, interrupt, refuse, Fms. x. 251.

III. to reach, stretch forth, touch; hann beit skarð, allt þat er tennr tóku, Eg. 605; eigi djúpara enn þeim tók undir hendr, Ld. 78; skurðrinn tók á framan-verðan bakkann, Krók.; hyrnan tók andlitið, Nj. 253; rödd tekr eyru, Skálda 175; döggskórinn tók niðr akrinn upp-standanda, Fas. i. 173; hafði flóð tekit þær, swept them away, Fms. xi. 393; spjót langskept svá at vel taki skipa meðal, Sks. 385; nef hans tók austr til landsenda … véli-fjarðar tóku norðr í Finnabú, Fms. viii. 10; tekr mörkin náliga allt it efra suðr, Eg. 58; þvíat ekki tek ek heim í kveld, Nj. 275; mun ek taka þangat í dag? Hbl.; bóndans bót tekr fyrir ( encompasses) konu, hans ok börn ok hjón, N. G. L. i. 341; taka niðri, to take the ground, of a ship or thing floating, Fas. iii. 257; svá at upp tekr um klaufir, Boll. 336; at eigi tæki hann (acc.) regnit, Stj. 594; skulu vér varask, at eigi taki oss þau dæmi, Hom. 70; svá mikit er uxa-húð tekr yfir, Fas. i. 288; nær því er þú sér at taka mun en ekki ór hófi, Sks. 21; hundr bundinn svá at taki eigi til manna, Grág. ii. 119; taka höndum upp, to lift up hands, Bs. i. 735, Edda 22; ek sé fram undir brekkuna, at upp taka spjóts-oddar fimtán, Finnb. 286; þetta smíði (Babel) tók upp ór veðrum, Edda 146 (pref.); hárit tók ofan á belti, Nj. 2; stöpul er til himins tæki, 645. 71; hér til tekr en fyrsta bók, reaches here, 655 vii. 4; taka mátti hendi til fals, Eg. 285; þeir tóku fram árum, took the oars, Fms. vii. 288; smeygði á sik ok tók út höndunum, 202; þeir tóku undun, to escape, viii. 438: to reach, land, take harbour, gaf honum vel byri ok tóku Borgarfjörð, Nj. 10; tóku þeir Friðar-ey, 268; þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu, Ísl. ii. 246; byrjaði vel ok tóku Noreg, Ld. 72, 310; tóku þar land sem heitir Vatnsfjörðr, Landn. 30: ellipt., hann tók þar sem nú heitir Herjólfs-höfn, id.; þeir tóku fyrir sunnan land, 175.

2. to take, hold, of a vessel; ketill or tók tvær tunnur, Fb. i. 524; lands þess er tæki ( of the value of) fjóra tigi hundraða, Sturl. i. 98, v. l.; hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend, Nj. 225: so in the phrase, það tekr því ekki, it is not worth the while; þann enn eina grip er hann átti svá at fé tæki, the sole object of value he had, Bs. i. 636.

3. spec. usages; fara sem fætr mega af taka, Finnb. 288; konur æpa sem þær megu mest af taka, Al. 47, (aftak, aftaka-veðr, q. v.), Karl. 109, 196; fóru hvárir-tveggju sem af tók, went as fast as possible, Fms, iv. 304; hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, Eg. 93: in the phrase, taka mikinn, lítinn … af e-u, to make much, little of, take it to heart or lightly; mikit tekr þú af þessu, thou takest it much to heart, Lv. 10; öngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee, Ld. 105; eigi töku vér mikit af at tortryggva þá bók, þótt mart sé undarligt í sagt, we will not strongly question the truth of the book, although many wonders are told therein, Sks. 78; Óspakr kvað hana mikit af taka, said he used very strong language, Ld. 216; mikinn tekr þú af, segir konungr, thou settest much by it, said the king, Fms. vi. 206: munda ek sýnu minna hafa af tekit ef ek væra údrukkinn, I would have kept a better tongue, xi. 112; Þórvarðr tók eigi af fyrir útanferð sína, did not quite refuse the going abroad, Sturl. iii. 244; hann kvaðsk eigi taka mega af því hvat mælt væri, he did not much mind what folks said, Nj. 210; hón tók lítið af öllu, said little about it, took it coolly, Eg. 322; tók hann minna af enn áðr við Íslendinga, he spoke not so strongly of them as he used to do, Glúm. 328; ok er sendi-menn kómu tók hann lítið af, Fms. x. 101; Flosi svaraði öllu vel, en tók þó lítið af, F. gave a civil but reserved answer, Nj. 180.

IV. with prepp.; taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse, Nj. 4, 179; taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping, Ölk. 35; taka skriðinn af skipinu, Fms. ii. 305; taka e-t af, to abolish, vii. 1, x. 152, Ísl. ii. 258:—taka á e-u, to touch (á-tak), Nj. 118; þegar sem nær þeim er komit ok á þeim tekit, Stj. 76; sá er tekr fyrst á funa, Gm.; þat er ok, áðr þeir taki á dómum sinum ( ere they deliver sentence), at þeir skolu eið vinna áðr, Grág. i. 64; taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, ekki vel, ílla … á e-u, to take a thing so and so, take it well, in good part, ill, in ill part, etc., Ld. 50, 248, Fms. xi. 124, Nj. 206, 265; Gunnarr talaði fátt um ok tók á öngu úlíkliga, 40; tak glaðan á ( cheerfully) við konunginn, Fms. xi. 112; þeir höfðu sagt hversu hann hafði á tekit þeim feðgum, Rd. 284; Leifr tekr á þessu eigi mjök, Fb. ii. 397; tók Börkr (á) því seinliga, Eb. 15 new Ed.:—taka eptir, to notice, observe, Sturl. i. 2 (eptir-tekt):—taka móti, to withstand, resist, Nj. 261, Fms. ix. 307, 513 (mót-tak):—taka með, to reserve, accept, iv. 340, xi. 427 (með-taka): taka við, hann tókþar ok við mörg önnur dæmi, bæði konunga æfi, he tacked to it many records, the lives of kings, etc., Ó. H. (pref.): this isolated phrase has led editors (but wrongly) to substitute hann ‘jók’ þar við:—taka aptr, to take back, render void, undo, Bs. i. 631, Nj. 191, Sks. 775; eigi má aptr taka unnit verk, a saying, Fms. ii. 11: to recall, unsay, mun ek þau orð eigi aptr taka, Ld. 42, Fms. ii. 253:—taka í, to pull off; taktu í hann, to pull his stocking off:—taka um, to take hold of, grasp, Eg. 410, Hkr. ii. 322:—taka upp, to pick up, assume; niðr at fella ok upp at taka, 625. 68, Eg. 23; taka upp borð, to put up the tables before a meal; tekr upp borð ok setr fyrir þá Butralda, Fbr. 37; vóru borð upp tekin um alla stofuna ok sett á vist, Eg. 551: but also to remove them after a meal (= taka borð ofan), 408, Hkr. ii. 192, Fms. i. 41, Orkn. 246 (see borð II); taka upp vist, to put food on the table, Vm. 168; taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode, passim; taka upp, of a body, to take up, disinter, Hkr. ii. 388; taka upp, to seize on, confiscate, Nj. 73, 207, Ld. 38, Eg. 73; þeir tóku upp ( laid waste) þorp þat er heitir Tuma-þorp, Fms. i. 151; var þá tekin upp bygð Hrolleifs, Fs. 34; hón tekr þat mart upp er fjarri er mínum vilja, Nj. 6l; at þú gefir ró reiði ok takir þat upp er minnst vandræði standi af, 175; taka upp verknað, to take up work, Ld. 34; taka upp stærð, to take to pride, Fms. x. 108; halda upp-teknu efni, i. 263; taka upp sök, mál, to take up a case, Nj. 31, 71, 231: to interpret, eigi kann ek öðruvís at ráða þenna draum … glíkliga er upp tekit, Sturl. iii. 216; ok skal svá upp taka ‘síks glóð,’ þat er ‘gull,’ Edda 127; kvæði, ef þau eru rétt kveðin ok skynsamliga upp tekin, Hkr. (pref.); tók hann svá upp, at honum væri eigi úhætt, Fms. ix. 424; drykk ok vistir svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take, iv. 92; er þat skip mikit, ok mun þat taka oss upp alla, Nj. 259; þat hjóna er meira lagði til félags skal meira upp taka, Gþl. 220; þótti þeim í hönd falla at taka upp land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, Ld. 210; skal sá sem at Kálfafelli býr taka upp vatn at sínum hlut, Vm. 168; taka upp giptu hjá Dana-konungi, Fms. xi. 426; taka upp goðorð, Nj. 151, 168, Grág. i. 24; taka upp þing. Ann. 1304 ( to restore); tókusk þá upp lög ok landsréttr, Fs. 27; taka upp vanda, Fms. vii. 280:—taka til, to take to; hefna svá at ekki fýsi annan slík firn til at taka, 655 xiii. A. 3; tóku margir þá til at níða hann, Bs. i; taka til ráða, ráðs, bragðs, Nj. 19, 75, 124; hann tók til ráða skjótt, 19; enn þó munu vér þat bragðs taka, 199; hvat skal nú til ráða taka, 124; ef hann tekr nökkut íllt til, 26; hverja úhæfu er hann tekr til, Fms. xi. 253; taka til máls, to take to talking, Nj. 16, 71; taka til orðs, or orða, 122, 230, 264; hann tók nú til at segja söguna, to take to telling a story; taka til varnar, to begin the defence, Grág. i. 60, Nj. 271; nú er þar til at taka, at …, 74; er blót tóku til, Landn. 111; þá tók til ríki Svía-konungs, Fms. iv. 118; um Slésvík þar sem Dana-ríki tók til, xi. 417: to concern, þat mun taka til yðar, Hom. 150; þetta mál er til konungs tók, Fms. xi. 105; láta til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with, Band. 23 new Ed.; Gísl lét fátt til sín taka, Fms. vii. 30; vil ek nú biðja þik at þú létir ekki til þín taka um tal várt, Nj. 184: to have recourse to, þú tekr eigi til þeirra liðsinnis ef ekki þarf, Fms. vii. 17, Grág. i. 41; taka til segls, Eg. 573, Fms. ix. 22; taka til sunds, 24; taka til e-s, to note, mark, with dislike:—taka undir, to take under a thing; hann tók undir kverkina, took her by the chin, Nj. 2; þá tók Egill undir höfða-hlut Skalla-grími, Eg. 398: to undertake, þat mál er þeir skyldi sjálfir undir taka, Hkr. i. 266; þá skal hann taka undir þá sömu þjónostu, Ó. H. 120: to back, second, hann kvaðsk ekki mundu taka undir vandræði þeirra, Nj. 182; undir þann kviðling tók Rúnolfr goði, ok sótti Hjalta um goðgá, Bs. i. 17: ek mun taka undir með þér ok styðja málit, Fms. xi. 53; hann tók ekki undir þat ráð, Fb. ii. 511; þau tóku undir þetta léttliga, seconded it readily, Ld. 150; hann tók seinliga undir, Nj. 217; hann hafði heyrt tal þeirra ok tók undir þegar, ok kvað ekki saka, Ld. 192: göra tilraun hversu þér tækit undir þetta, Fb. i. 129: to echo, blésu herblástr svá at fjöllin tóku undir, Fas. i. 505; taka undir söng, to accompany singing:—taka við, to receive; nú tóktú svá við sverði þessu, Fms. i. 15; siðan hljópu menn hans, enn hann túk við þeim, 105; jörð tekr við öldri, Hm.; til þess er akkerit tók við, grappled, took hold, Dan. holde igen, Fms. x. 135. v. l.; þar til er sjár tók við honum, Edda 153 (pref.); taka við ríki, Eg. 241, Fms. i. 7; taka við trú, Nj. 158, 159; taka við handsölum á e-u, 257; ef maðr görr við at taka við dæmdum úmaga, Grág. i. 258; taka vel við e-m, to receive well, Nj. 5; ekki torleiði tekr við yðr, no obstacle stops you, Al. 120; þeir tóku við vel ok vörðusk, made a bold resistance, Fms. i. 104; eggjuðu sumir at við skyldi taka, vii. 283; at þeir skyldi verja landit, en þeir vildu eigi við taka, xi. 386; ganga fram á mel nökkurn, ok segir Hrútr at þeir mundu þar við taka, Ld. 62; þar stóð steinn einn mikill, þar bað Kjartan þá við taka, 220; seg þú æfi-sögu þína, Ásmundr, en þá skal Egill við taka, tell thy life’s tale, Asmund, and then shall Egil take his turn, Fas. iii. 374; tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off:—taka yfir, hann vildi eigi til ráða nema hann ætlaði at yfir tæki, Fms. iv. 174; þeir munu allt til vinna, at yfir taki með oss, Nj. 198; at eyrendi þeirra skyldi eigi lyktuð né yfir tekin, Fms. iv. 224.

V. to take to, begin:

1. with infin., tóku menn at binda sár sín, Eg. 93; hann tók at yrkja þegar er hann var ungr, 685; hans afli tók at vaxa, Fms. viii. 47; á þeim veg er ek tæka ganga, Sks. 3; taka at birtask, 568; tekr at dimma, birta … rigna, it gets dim, takes to darken … rain; allt þat er hann tekr at henda, Nj. 5; þá tók at lægja veðrit, 124; tók þá at morna, 131; tók þá at nátta, Fms. ix. 54; kvölda tekr = Lat. vesperascit, Luke xxiv. 29.

2. in other phrases, taka á rás, to take to running, to run, Nj. 253, Eg. 216, 220, Eb. 62 (hófu á rás, 67 new Ed.), Hrafn. 7: ellipt., tók bogmaðr ok hans menn á land upp undan, they took to the inland and escaped, Fms. ix. 275; tók hann þegar upp um brú, viii. 169; svá íllt sem nú er frá at taka (to escape, shun), þá mun þó síðarr verr, Fs. 55; taka flótta, to take to flight, Hm. 30; Eirekr tók út ór stofunni, took out of the room, ran out, Sturl. ii. 64; þeir tóku út eitt veðr allir, stood out to sea with the same wind, Fb. ii. 243.

VI. with dat., to take to, receive (perh. ellipt. for taka við- e-u); jarl tók vel sendi-mönnum ok vináttu-málum konungs, Fms. i. 53; konungr tók honum vel ok blíðliga, vii. 197; tekit mundu vér hafa kveðju þinni þóttú hefðir oss fyrri fagnat, Ld. 34; Grímr tók því seinliga, Eg. 764; Sigurðr tók því máli vel, 38, Fms. x. 2; konungr tók þá vel orðum Þórólfs, Eg. 44; hann tók því þakksamliga, Fms. i. 21; taka vel þeirra eyrendum, x. 33; Barði tók þessu vel, Ld. 236; Hákon tók því seinliga, Fms. i. 74; eigi mun konungr taka því þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, Eg. 59; tók Brynjólfr þá sættum fyrir Björn, 168; Njáll átti hlut at, at þeir skyldi taka sættum, Nj. 120; taka handsölum á fé, 257; taka heimildum á e-u, Fms. x. 45; taka fari, Grág. ii. 399, Nj. 111, 258 (see far); taka bóli, to take a farm (on lease), Gþl. 328, 354; mun ek máli taka fyrir alla Íslenzka menn þá er á skipi eru, speak for them, Bs. i. 421.

VII. impers. it is taken; hann brá upp hendinni ok tók hana af honum ok höfuðit af konunginum, Nj. 275; ok tók af nasarnar, Fms. x. 135, v. l.; þá tók af veðrit (acc.), the weather ‘took up’ (as is said in North of England), the storm abated. Fas. i. 157; svá at þar tæki af vega alla, all roads were stopped, Fms, iii. 122; af þeim tók málit ok görask úfærir, Fas. ii. 549; kom á höndina fyrir ofan úlflið svá at af tók, Nj. 84; kom á fótinn svá at af tók, 123; þá tók efa af mörgum manni, Fms. iii. 8; sýnina tekr frá e-m, to become blind, x. 339; undan kúnni tók nyt alla, Eb. 316; jafnskjótt tók ór verkinn allan, Fms. iv. 369; tók út skip Þangbrands ór Hitará, she drifted out, Bs. i. 15; í þat mund dags er út tók eykðina, when the time of ‘eykð’ was nearly passed, Fms. xi. 136; um várit er sumar-hita tók, when the summer heat set in, Fs. 67; réru svá skjótt at ekki tók (viz. þá) á vatni, Fms. vii. 344.

2. as a naut. term, to clear, weather a point; veðr var litið ok tók þeim skamt frá landi, the weather was still, and they kept close in shore, Fms. vi. 190: hence the mod. naut. phrase, e-m tekr, to clear, weather; mér tók fyrir nesit, I cleared, weathered the ness; vindr þver, svo að þeim tekr ekki.

3. þar er eigi of tekr torf eðr grjót, where neither is at hand, Grág. ii. 262; þau dæmi tekr til þessa máls, the proofs of this are, that when …, Hom. 127.

B. Reflex., takask mikit á hendr, to take much in hand, Band. 3, Nj. 228, Fms. i. 159; tókumk ek þat á hendr, xi. 104; láta af takask, to let oneself be deprived of, Eg. 296; takask e-n á hendr.

2. to be brought about, take effect, succeed; cp. þykkir mikit í hættu hversu þér teksk, Ld. 310; þat tóksk honum, he succeeded, Bárð. 167; tekst þá tveir vilja, it succeeds when two will, i. e. joint efforts prevail, a saying:—takask til, to happen; Ásgrími tóksk svá til (it so happened to A.), sem sjaldan var vant, at vörn var í máii hans, Nj. 92; ef svá vill til takask. Fas. i. 251; svá erviðliga sem þeim hafði til tekizk at herja á þá feðga, Fms. i. 184; mér hefir úgiptuliga tekizk, Ld. 252; þætti mér allmiklu máli skipta at þér tækisk stórmannliga, that thou wouldst behave generously, Hkr. ii. 32; hefir þetta svá tekizk sem ván var at, er hann var barn at aldri, 268.

3. to take place, begin; tóksk orrosta, Nj. 8; teksk þar orrosta, 122; ráð takask, of a marriage; en ef þá takask eigi ráðin, if the wedding takes not place then, Grág. i. 311; lýkr svá at ráðin skyldi takask, 99; ráð þau skyldi takask at öðru sumri, Eg. 26, Fms. x. 40: to be realised, hvatamaðr at þessi ferð skyldi takask, Ld. 240; síðan er mægð hafdi tekizk með þeim, since they had intermarried, Eg. 37; takask með þeim góðar ástir, they came to love one another much, of newly-married people, passim; féráns dómr teksk, Grág. i. 95; takask nú af heimboðin, to cease, Ld. 208; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, 258.

II. recipr., takask orðum, to speak to one another, Fms. xi. 13; ok er þeir tókusk at orðum, spurði hann …, Eg. 375; bræðr-synir takask arf eptir, entreat one another, Gþl. 241; ef menn takask fyrir árar eða þiljur, take from one another, 424: takask á, to wrestle, Bárð. 168; takask fangbrögðum, Ld. 252, Ísl. ii. 446: takask í hendr, to shake hands, Grág. i. 384, Nj. 3, 65.

III. part. tekinn; vóru þá tekin ( stopped) öll borgar-hlið ok vegar allir, at Norðmönnum kæmi engi njósn, Fms. vi. 411: Steinþórr var til þess tekinn, at …, S. was particularly named as …, Eb. 32, 150; hann var til þess tekinn, at honum var verra til hjóna en öðrum mönnum, Grett. 70 new Ed. (cp. mod. usage, taka til e-s, to wonder at): lá hann ok var mjök tekinn, very ill, Sturl. i. 89: Álfhildr var þungliga tekin, ok gékk henni nær dauða, Fms. iv. 274; hann var mjök tekinn ok þyngdr af líkþrá, ii. 229; þú ert Ílla at tekin fyrir vanheilsu sakir, vii. 244; ú-tekin jörð, an untaken, unclaimed estate, Sturl. iii. 57, Gþl. 313.

2. at af teknum þeim, except, Fms. x. 232; at af teknum úvinum sínum, 266, (Latinism.)

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > TAKA
104 ör-lyndi

t. a bountiful mind; heyrð er bæn þín ok örlyndi, thy prayers and thine ‘alms,’ Post. 290 (Acts x. 4); eigi hefir þú enn tapat örlyndinni. Bs. i. 53.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ör-lyndi
105 च

ca
1) the 20th letter of the alphabet, 1st of the 2nd ( orﾠ palatal) class of consonants, having the sound of ch in church

2) ind. andﾠ, both, alsoﾠ, moreover, as well as (= τε, Lat. que, placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;
when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g.. távacamámaca <not tecameca>, « both of thee andﾠ me»), when used after verbs the first of them is accented Pāṇ. 8-1, 58 f. ;
it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;
in RV. the double ca occurs more frequently than the single (e.g.. aháṉcatváṉca, « I andﾠ thou», VIII, 62, 11);
the double ca may alsoﾠ be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskṛit (e.g.. kvahariṇakānāṉjīvitaṉcâ̱tilolaṉkvacavajra-sārāḥṡarāste, « where is the frail existence, of fawns andﾠ where are thy adamantine arrows?» Ṡak. I, 10);
in later literature, however, the first ca is more usually omitted (e.g.. ahaṉtvaṉca), andﾠ when more than two things are enumerated only one ca is often found (e.g.. tejasāyaṡasālakshmyāsthityācaparayā, « in glory, in fame, in beauty, andﾠ in high position» Nal. XII, 6);
elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca is placed after some andﾠ omitted after others (e.g.. ṛiṇa-dātācavaidyaṡcaṡrotriyonadī, « the payer of a debt andﾠ a physician < andﾠ> a Brāhman < andﾠ> a river» Hit. I, 4, 55);
in Ved. andﾠ even in class. Sanskṛit Mn. III, 20; IX, 322 Hit.,
when the double ca would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g.. indraṡcasoma, « both Indra < andﾠ thou> Soma» RV. VII, 104, 25 ;
durbhedyaṡcâ̱ṡusaṉdheyaḥ, « both difficult to be divided < andﾠ> quickly united» Hit. I);
with lexicographers ca may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g.. kamaṇḍalaucakarakaḥ, « the word karaka has the meaning « pitcher» andﾠ other meanings»);
sometimes ca is = eva, even, indeed, certainly, just (e.g.. su-cintitaṉcau͡shadhaṉnanāma-mātreṇakarotyarogam, « even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name» Hit. ;
yāvantaevatetāvāṉṡcasaḥ, « as great as they < were> just so great was he» Ragh. XII, 45);
occasionally ca is disjunctive, « but», « on the contrary», « on the other hand», « yet», « nevertheless» (varamādyaunacâ̱ntimaḥ, « better the two first but not the last» Hit. ;
ṡāntamidamāṡrama-padaṉsphuraticabāhuḥ, « this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs» Ṡak. I, 15);
ca-ca, though-yet Vikr. II, 9 ;
ca-naca, though - yet not Pat. ;
ca - natu (v.l. nanu) id., Mālav. IV, 8 ;
naca - ca, though not - yet Pat. ;
ca may be used for vā, « either», « orﾠ» (e.g.. ihacâ̱mutravā, « either here orﾠ hereafter» Mn. XII, 89 ;
strīvāpumānvāyaccâ̱nyatsattvam, « either a woman orﾠ a man orﾠ any other being» R.), andﾠ when a neg. particle is joined with ca the two may then be translated by « neither», « nor» ;
occasionally one ca orﾠ one na is omitted (e.g.. nacaparibhoktuṉnai ͡vaṡaknomihātum, « I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon» Ṡak. V, 18 ;
napūrvâ̱hṇenācaparâ̱hṇe, « neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon»);
ca-ca may express immediate connection between two acts orﾠ their simultaneous occurrence (e.g.. mamacamuktaṉtamasāmanomanasijenadhanushiṡaraṡcaniveṡitaḥ, « no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god», VI, 8);
ca is sometimes = cêd, « if» (cf. Pāṇ. 8-1, 30 ;
the verb is accented) RV. AV. MBh. Vikr. II, 20 Bhartṛ. II, 45 ;
ca may be used as an expletive (e.g.. anyaiṡcakratubhiṡca, « andﾠ with other sacrifices»);
ca is often joined to an adv. like eva, api, tathā, tathai ͡va, etc., either with orﾠ without a neg. particle (e.g.. vairiṇaṉnôpasevetasahâ̱yaṉcaivavairiṇaḥ, « one ought not to serve either an enemy orﾠ the ally of an enemy» Mn. IV, 133);
( seeﾠ eva, api, etc.) For the meaning of ca after an interrogative seeﾠ 2. ká, 2. kathā́, kím, kvá);
+ cf. τε,
Lat. que, pe (in nempe etc.);
Goth. uh;
Zd. ca;
Old Pers. cā
3) mfn. pure L. ;
moving to andﾠ fro L. ;
mischievous L. ;
seedless L. ;
m. a thief. L. ;
the moon L. ;
a tortoise L. ;
Ṡiva L. ;
- चकार
- चसमास

Sanskrit-English dictionary > च
106 kingdom

noun

1) Königreich, das

2)

the kingdom of God — das Reich Gottes

the kingdom of heaven — das Himmelreich

wait till kingdom come — (coll.) bis in alle Ewigkeit warten (ugs.)

3) (province of nature) Reich, das

animal kingdom — Tierreich, das

* * *

noun

1) (a state having a king (or queen) as its head: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; He rules over a large kingdom.) das Königreich

2) (any of the three great divisions of natural objects: the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms.) -reich

* * *

king·dom

[ˈkɪŋdəm]

n

1. (country) Königreich nt

2. (area of control) Reich nt

the \kingdom of God [or Heaven] das Reich Gottes

3. (area of activity) Welt f

the \kingdom of the theatre die Welt des Theaters

4. (domain)

animal/plant \kingdom Tier-/Pflanzenreich nt

5.

▶ to blow [or blast] sb/sth to \kingdom come jdn/etw ins Jenseits befördern fam

▶ until [or till] \kingdom come bis in alle Ewigkeit

* * *
['kɪŋdəm]
n

1) (lit) Königreich nt

2) (REL)

kingdom of heaven — Himmelreich nt

to blow sth to kingdom come (inf) — etw in die Luft jagen (inf)

you can go on doing that till kingdom come (inf) — Sie können ( so) bis in alle Ewigkeit weitermachen

he's gone to kingdom come (inf) — er hat das Zeitliche gesegnet (hum inf)

3) (ZOOL, BOT) Reich nt

the animal/plant kingdom — das Tier-/Pflanzenreich, das Reich der Tiere/Pflanzen

* * *

kingdom [ˈkıŋdəm] s

1. Königreich n: → academic.ru/78470/United_Kingdom">United Kingdom

2. fig Reich n, Gebiet n:

kingdom of thought ( oder of the mind) Reich der Gedanken

3. auch Kingdom, kingdom of heaven ( oder God) REL Reich n Gottes, Himmelreich n:

thy kingdom come (im Vaterunser) dein Reich komme;

go to kingdom come umg das Zeitliche segnen;

knock sb to kingdom come umg jemanden ins Reich der Träume schicken (bewusstlos schlagen);

send sb to kingdom come umg jemanden ins Jenseits befördern;

till ( oder untll) kingdom come umg eine oder bis in alle Ewigkeit

4. (Natur)Reich n: → animal kingdom, mineral kingdom, plant A 1, vegetable B 3

* * *

noun

1) Königreich, das

2)

the kingdom of God — das Reich Gottes

the kingdom of heaven — das Himmelreich

wait till kingdom come — (coll.) bis in alle Ewigkeit warten (ugs.)

3) (province of nature) Reich, das

animal kingdom — Tierreich, das

* * *

n.

Königreich n.

English-german dictionary > kingdom
107 will

will

1. will <would, would> [wɪl] aux vb

1) ( in future tense) werden;

we \will be at the airport wir werden am Flughafen sein;

do you think he \will come? glaubst du, dass er kommt?;

so we'll be in Glasgow by lunchtime wir sind also um die Mittagszeit [herum] in Glasgow;

I'll be with you in a minute ich bin sofort bei Ihnen;

it won't be easy es wird nicht leicht sein;

by the time we get there, Jim \will have left bis wir dort ankommen, ist Jim schon weg;

you'll have forgotten all about it by next week nächste Woche wirst du alles vergessen haben;

( in immediate future)

we'll be off now wir fahren jetzt;

I'll be going then ich gehe dann;

I'll answer the telephone ich gehe ans Telefon

2) ( with tag question)

you won't forget to tell him, \will you? du vergisst aber nicht, es ihm zu sagen, oder?;

they'll have got home by now, won't they? sie müssten mittlerweile zu Hause sein, nicht?

3) ( expressing intention)

sb \will do sth jd wird etw tun;

I \will always love you ich werde dich immer lieben;

I'll make up my own mind about that ich werde mir meine eigene Meinung darüber bilden;

I'll not be spoken to like that! ich dulde nicht, dass man so mit mir redet!;

I won't have him ruining the party ich werde nicht zulassen, dass er die Party verdirbt

4) (in requests, instructions)

\will you give me her address, please? würden Sie mir bitte ihre Adresse geben?;

\will you stop that! hör sofort damit auf!;

\will you let me speak! würdest du mich bitte ausreden lassen!;

you'll do it because I say so du tust es, weil ich es dir sage!;

hang on a second, \will you? bleiben Sie bitte einen Moment dran!;

just pass me that knife, \will you? gib mir doch bitte mal das Messer rüber, ja?;

give me a hand, \will you? sei so nett und hilf mir mal;

\will you sit down? setzen Sie sich doch!;

won't you come in? möchten Sie nicht hereinkommmen?;

won't you have some cake? möchten Sie nicht etwas Kuchen?

5) ( expressing willingness)

who'll post this letter for me? - I \will wer kann den Brief für mich einwerfen? - ich [kann es];

anyone like to volunteer for this job? - we \will! meldet sich jemand freiwillig für diese Arbeit? - ja, wir!;

I keep asking him to play with me, but he won't ich frage ihn ständig, ob er mit mir spielt, aber er will nicht

6) ( not functioning)

the car won't start das Auto springt nicht an;

the door won't open die Tür geht nicht auf

7) ( expressing facts)

fruit \will keep longer in the fridge Obst hält sich im Kühlschrank länger;

new products \will always sell better neue Produkte verkaufen sich einfach besser;

that won't make any difference das macht keinen Unterschied;

the car won't run without petrol ohne Benzin fährt der Wagen nicht

8) ( expressing persistence)

accidents \will happen Unfälle passieren nun einmal;

he \will keep doing that er hört einfach nicht damit auf;

they \will keep sending me those brochures sie senden mir immer noch diese Broschüren

9) ( expressing likelihood)

that'll be Scott das wird Scott sein;

I expect you'll be wanting your supper ich nehme an, du möchtest dein Abendbrot [haben];

as you \will all probably know already,... wie Sie vermutlich schon alle wissen,... vi ( form) wollen;

as you \will wie du willst;

do what you \will with me machen Sie mit mir, was Sie wollen

2. will [wɪl] n

1) no pl ( faculty) Wille m;

to do sth with a \will etw mit großem Eifer tun;

everyone heaved with a \will to get the car out of the mud alle hoben kräftig mit an, um das Auto aus dem Schlamm zu befreien;

to have an iron \will [or a \will of iron] einen eisernen Willen haben;

only with a \will of iron nur mit eisernem [o einem eisernen] Willen;

strength of \will Willensstärke f;

political \will politischer Wille;

to have the \will to do sth den [festen] Willen haben, etw zu tun;

to lose the \will to live den Lebenswillen verlieren

2) no pl ( desire) Wille m;

Thy \will be done rel Dein Wille geschehe;

to be the \will of sb [or sb's \will] jds Wille m sein;

it was God's \will [that...] es war Gottes Wille[, dass...];

against sb's \will gegen jds Willen m;

at \will nach Belieben;

they were able to come and go at \will sie konnten kommen und gehen, wann sie wollten;

an actor has to be able to cry at \will ein Schauspieler muss auf Kommando weinen können

3) law letzter Wille, Testament nt;

she remembered you in her \will sie hat dich in ihrem Testament bedacht;

the reading of the \will die Testamentsverlesung;

to change one's \will sein Testament ändern;

to draw up/make a \will ein Testament aufsetzen/machen

PHRASES:

where there's a \will, there's a way ( saying) wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg ( prov)

with the best \will in the world beim besten Willen;

to have a \will of one's own einen eigenen Willen haben vt

1) ( try to cause by will power)

to \will sb to do sth jdn [durch Willenskraft] dazu bringen, etw zu tun;

I was \willing you to win ich habe mir ganz fest gewünscht, dass du gewinnst;

to \will oneself to do sth sich akk dazu zwingen, etw zu tun

2) (form: ordain)

to \will sth etw bestimmen [o verfügen];

God \willed it and it was so Gott hat es so gewollt und so geschah es

3) ( bequeath)

to \will sb sth [or sth to sb] jdm etw vererben [o [testamentarisch] vermachen]

English-German students dictionary > will
108 не брать в рот

разг.

1) (не есть, не пить) eat or drink nothing; refuse all food (drink)

Нагой. Вот уж который день / Себя ты изнуряешь! Ничего ты / И в рот не брал. (А. К. Толстой, Смерть Иоанна Грозного) — Nagoy. These many days thou hast tormented / Thy sacred frame! All food thou hast refused.

2) ( совсем не пить спиртного) never touch liquor (a drop of alcohol); let no drop pass one's lips

- Для первого знакомства хлебни стаканчик водки, но чтобы потом ни ты, ни твои солдаты хмельного в рот не брали! (А. Степанов, Порт-Артур) — 'Well, let's take a glass to mark our acquaintance. But after that, mind, not a drop must pass your lips, nor your men's either!'

В роте знали, что у их командира малопонятная странность. Он не брал в рот хмельного. (Б. Полевой, Анюта) — Everyone in the company knew of their commander's inexplicable oddity: he never touched a drop of alcohol.

- Надо уметь себя развлекать. Неужели нельзя веселиться без вина? - Что вы, что вы, Альбина Трофимовна! - театрально ужаснулся Палавин. - Мы его и в рот не берём. (Ю. Трифонов, Студенты) — 'People ought to be able to amuse themselves. Surely one can have a lot of fun without drinking!' 'Albina Trofimovna,' exclaimed Palavin in mock horror. 'We never touch liquor!'

Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не брать в рот
109 cruciatus

crŭcĭātus, ūs, m., torture, torment, a torturing, execution, etc. (often syn. with supplicium; freq. and class. in sing. and plur.).
I.
Lit., of the body:
dedisti hodie in cruciatum Chrusalum,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 36; id. Ep. 5, 1, 5; id. Ps. 3, 1, 12; Ter. And. 4, 4, 47; id. Hec. 5, 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 12; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9; 2, 5, 63, § 163; id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 51, 15; id. J. 24, 10; Liv. 29, 18, 14 Drak. N. cr.; Quint. 5, 4, 2; Ov. M. 9, 179 et saep.:
cruciatu malo dignus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 132; id. Rud. 2, 6, 11.—
2.
Of the mind:
animi,
Cic. Div. 2, 9, 23; cf.:
omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,
id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:
confectus jam cruciatu summorum dolorum,
id. Att. 11, 11, 1; Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2.—
B.
In gen., ruin, calamity, misfortune (esp. in curses, etc.):
maximum in malum cruciatumque insiliamus,
into utter ruin, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 8:
cum cruciatu tuo istaec hodie verba funditas,
i. e. to thy ruin, misfortune, id. Am. 4, 2, 13; 2, 2, 161; id. Capt. 3, 5, 23:
abi in malum cruciatum,
go to the gallows, go hang, id. Aul. 3, 3, 11; id. Pers. 4, 4, 25; cf. crux, II.—
II.
Transf., instruments of torture:
cum ignes ardentesque laminae ceterique cruciatus admovebantur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cruciatus
110 moneo

mŏnĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2 ( inf. pres. pass. monerier, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 36; perf. subj. moneris pro monueris, Pac. ap. Non. 507, 24 sq.; cf. Trag. Rel. p. 66 Rib.; likewise: di monerint meliora, Pac. ap. Non. l. l. p. 74 Rib.), v. a. [causative from the root men; whence memini, q. v., mens, mentio; lit. to cause to think].
I.
Lit., to remind, put in mind of, bring to one's recollection; to admonish, advise, warn, instruct, teach (syn.: hortor, suadeo, doceo): bene mones; tute ipse cunctas, Enn. ap. Non. 469, 25 (Com. v. 3 Vahl.):
ea (auctoritas) adhibeatur ad monendum non modo aperte, sed etiam acriter,
Cic. Lael. 13, 44:
melius nos Zenonis praecepta monent,
Juv. 15, 107.—
(β).
Aliquem de re:
oro, ut Terentiam moneatis de testamento,
Cic. Att. 11, 16, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 6.—
(γ).
Aliquem aliquid:
Fabius ea me ex tuis mandatis monuit,
Cic. Fam. 3, 3, 1:
id ipsum, quod me mones,
id. Att. 14, 19, 1:
sed eos hoc moneo, desinant furere,
id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:
vos quo pauca monerem advocavi,
Sall. C. 58, 3; id. H. 2, 96, 8.— Hence also in pass., moneri aliquid:
ut moneatur semper servos homo officium suam,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 1:
nec ea, quae ab eā (naturā) monemur, audimus,
Cic. Lael. 24, 88; cf. infra. x.—
(δ).
Aliquem alicujus rei (post-Aug., and only in Tac.; cf.:
admoneo, commonefacio): Caecina milites temporis ac necessitatis monet,
Tac. A. 1, 67 Nipperd. ad loc.:
Plancinam Augusta monuit Agrippinam insectandi,
id. ib. 2, 43.—
(ε).
With ut, ne, or the simple subj.:
monere te atque hortari, ut in rem publicam incumberes,
Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:
monet ut suspiciones vitet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: moneo, praedico, ante denuntio, abstineant, manus Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 36:
moneo obtestorque ut, etc.,
Sall. J. 10, 3; 49, 2; id. H. 4, 61, 23:
vos, ne amittatis, etc.,
id. J. 31, 25:
Macedonas monebat, ne multitudine hostium... moverentur,
Just. 11, 13:
quamquam edicto monuisset ne quis quietem ejus interrumperet,
Tac. A. 4, 67 init. —
(ζ).
With an object- or rel.-clause:
(Caesar) monuit ejus diei victoriam in earum cohortium virtute constare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 89, 4:
moneret rationem frumenti esse habendam,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 34:
Cerealis propinquos monebat fortunam belli mutare, etc.,
Tac. H. 5, 24:
Arminius colligi suos et propinquare silvis monitos vertit,
id. A. 1, 63:
ultro struebantur qui monerent perfugere ad Germaniae exercitus,
id. ib. 4, 67 fin.:
Radamistum obpugnationem celerare,
id. ib. 12, 46; 13, 37; 16, 11; id. H. 4, 33:
si te unum illud monuerimus, artem sine assiduitate dicendi non multum juvare,
Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1:
moneo, quid facto opus sit,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 65:
res monet cavere, consultare,
Sall. C. 52, 3:
alio properare tempus monet,
id. J. 19, 2.— Pass.:
cum Nicanorem insidiari Piraeo a Dercillo moneretur,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 4.—
b.
Of inanim. and abstr. subjects:
res ipsa monebat tempus esse,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 1:
(sol) caecos instare tumultus Saepe monet,
Verg. G. 1, 464:
immortalia ne speres, monet annus,
Hor. C. 4, 7, 7:
natura monet festinare,
Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 227:
ut monet ira,
Sall. H. 2, 41, 8:
ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 66.—
II.
Transf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
A.
Without the accessory notion of reminding or admonishing, in gen., to teach, instruct, tell, inform, point out; also, to announce, predict, foretell:
tu vatem, tu diva, mone,
instruct thy bard, Verg. A. 7, 42:
velut divinitus mente monitā,
Liv. 26, 19:
hoc moneas precor,
Ov. F. 4, 247:
amici somnio monitus,
Suet. Aug. 91:
reddebant parvuli, quae monebantur,
what they were taught, Plin. Pan. 26:
vates Helenus cum multa horrenda moneret,
announced, foretold, Verg. A. 3, 712; cf.:
ante sinistra cavā monuisset ab ilice cornix, etc.,
id. E. 9, 15:
quid augurales alites vel cantus monerent,
Amm. 28, 1:
recte monemur, causas non utique ab ultimo esse repetendas,
Quint. 5, 10, 83.—
B.
To punish, chastise (only in Tacitus):
puerili verbere moneri,
Tac. A. 5, 9.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > moneo
111 opera

ŏpĕra, ae, f. [opus], service, pains, exertion, work, labor (opus is used mostly of the mechanical activity of work, as that of animals, slaves, and soldiers; opera supposes a free will and desire to serve).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
omnes, quorum operae, non quorum artes emuntur,
Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:
sine hominum manu atque operā,
id. ib. 2, 4, 14:
operam exigere,
id. ib. 1, 13:
perdere,
id. de Or. 1, 28, 126:
praebere amicis,
id. Brut. 47, 174:
in re ponere,
id. Clu. 57, 157:
curamque in rebus honestis ponere,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
et laborem consumere in aliquā re,
to bestow labor and pains on any thing, id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:
studiumque in res obscuras conferre,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
tribuere rei publicae,
id. Div. 2, 2, 7;
sumere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 31, § 69:
impendere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 30, §
68: polliceri,
Sall. C. 28, 1; 40, 6:
insumere,
Liv. 10, 18:
dicare alicui,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 12: interponere, to bestow, employ, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 19, 63: ipse dabat purpuram tantum, amici operas, gave their work thereto, i. e. wrought it, id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59:
pleraque sunt hominum operis effecta,
id. Off. 2, 3, 12:
ibo, atque illam adducam, Quam propter opera est mihi,
on whose behalf I am engaged, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 93:
operam navare,
Cic. Fam. 15, 12, 2; Liv. 25, 6, 15.—
B.
In partic., a service, rendering of service: Cn. Pupius, qui est in operis ejus societatis, in the service of the society or company, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 3:
operae forenses,
id. Fin. 1, 4, 10:
P. Terentius, qui operas in portu et scripturā pro magistro dat,
serves as director, id. ib. 13, 65, 11:
ferrum istud bonas edet operas,
will do good service, Sen. Prov. 2, 10:
musis operas reddere,
to do service to, to serve, Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 2:
dare operas alicui,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 11.—
II.
Transf.
A.
Care, attention, exertion bestowed on any thing:
deditā operā,
seriously, with a purpose, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 29.—So esp. freq.,
1.
Operam dare, to bestow care or pains on, to give attention to any thing.—Constr. with dat., with ut or ne ( = studere).
(α).
With dat.: dant operam simul auspicio augurioque, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 81 Vahl.):
dare operam funeri,
to attend, Cic. Att. 15, 1, 1:
bellis, Sive foro,
Ov. R. Am. 165:
amori,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 58: liberis ( to the begetting of children), Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3: memoriae alicujus, to attend to what brings a person to mind, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1:
tonsori,
to get shaved, Suet. Aug. 79:
alicui,
to attend to one, listen to him, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 52:
sermoni,
Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 4:
amico,
to serve, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 17: me huic dedisse operam malam, that I have done him an ill turn, id. Capt. 3, 5, 43.—For dat. the acc. with ad occurs:
benigne operam detis ad nostrum gregem,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 21.—
(β).
With ut and subj.:
da operam, ut valeas,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5:
omnem operam do, ut cognoscam,
Sen. Contr. 4, 24, 15; id. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.—
(γ).
With ne:
dent operam consules, ne quid respublica detrimenti capiat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5:
ego omnem operam dabo, ne pervenire ad me erubescat,
Sen. Polyb. 13, 3:
studiose te operam dare, ut ne quid meorum tibi esset ignotum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1.—
(δ).
With subj. alone: dabo operam, quoad exercitus huc summittatis, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6.—
(ε).
With inf.:
id scire,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38.—
2.
In abl.: operā meā, tuā, etc., through my ( thy, etc.) means, agency, fault:
fateor Abiisse eum abs te, meā operā atque astutiā,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 21:
quid mihi nisi malum vostra opera'st?
id. Ps. 1, 2, 50:
non meā operā, neque pol culpā evenit,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
meā operā, Q. Fabi, Tarentum recepisti,
Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—
3.
Unā or eādem operā, in the same manner, at the same time (ante-class.):
unā operā mihi sunt sodales, quā iste,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31:
eādem operā a praetore sumam syngrapham,
id. ib. 2, 3, 89.—
4.
Operā, by experience (ante-class.):
nam te omnes saevom commemorant... ego contra operā expertus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7:
id operā expertus sum esse ita,
id. Bacch. 3, 2, 3:
magis non factum possum velle quam operā experiar persequi,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 65.—
5.
Operae pretium, v. pretium, II. B.—
B.
Leisure, spare time for any thing (class., but in the phrase operae est, only ante-class. and Livian):
operae ubi mihi erit, ad te venero,
as soon as I can spare the time, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 30:
si operae illi esset,
if he had time, Liv. 5, 15; 4, 8; 44, 36:
dicam, si tibi videam esse operam, aut otium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 15:
operae non est,
id. ib. 5, 2, 77:
quos tu operam gravare mihi,
id. Rud. 2, 4, 21: de versibus, quos tibi a me scribi vis, deest mihi quidem opera, I have not time or leisure, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 4.—
C.
In concr.
1.
A day's work or labor (usu. in plur.):
quaternis operis singula jugera confodere,
Varr. R. R. 1, 18:
puerilis una opera,
Col. 11, 2, 44:
bubulcorum operae quatuor,
id. 2, 13:
operae (filiorum) locari possunt,
Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1.—
2.
A day-laborer, journeyman; also, in gen., a laborer, workman (usu. in plur.):
ipse dominus dives operis et laboris expers,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 16:
plures operas conducere,
Col. 3, 21: nona, a ninth laborer (on his farm), Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; Suet. Oct. 3.—Hence, transf., in a bad sense: operae, hired aiders, abettors, tools, etc. (of political or theatrical parties):
mercenariae (corresp. to multitudo conducta),
Cic. Phil. 1, 9, 22; cf.:
erat mihi contentio cum operis conductis et ad diripiendam urbem concitatis,
id. Sest. 17, 38:
Claudianae,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. Att. 4, 3, 3:
theatrales,
parties for the purpose of applauding, theatrical factions, Tac. A. 1, 16:
VETERES A SCENA,
Inscr. Grut. 467, 7.—
3.
That which is wrought or produced, a work:
operae aranearum,
i. e. spiders' webs, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 19:
exstabit opera peregrinationis hujus,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > opera
112 sententia

sententĭa, ae, f. [for sentientia, from sentio], a way of thinking, opinion, judgment, sentiment; a purpose, determination, decision, will, etc.
I.
Lit. (cf.: opinio, voluntas, studium).
A.
In gen.:
quoniam sententiae atque opinionis meae voluistis esse participes, nihil occultabo et quoad potero, vobis exponam, quid de quāque re sentiam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 172:
sententia et opinio mea,
id. ib. 2, 34, 146:
senis sententia de nuptiis,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 2:
de aliquā re,
id. Ad. 3, 5, 5; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 4; cf.:
de diis immortalibus habere non errantem et vagam, sed stabilem certamque sententiam,
Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 2:
de hac sententiā Non demovebor,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 45; cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:
de sententiā deducere, deicere, depellere, deterrere, decedere, desistere, etc., v. h. vv.: nisi quid tua secus sententia est,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 95; cf.:
mihi sententia eadem est,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
adhuc in hac sum sententiā, nihil ut faciamus nisi, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5:
eā omnes stant sententiā,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 35; cf.:
perstat in sententiā Saturius,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 56; so,
in sententiā manere, permanere, etc., v. h. vv.: non prima sed melior vicit sententia,
Plin. Pan. 76, 2.— Plur.:
variis dictis sententiis, quarum pars censebant, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:
erant sententiae, quae censerent,
id. B. C. 2, 30:
sententiae numerantur, non ponderantur,
Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 5:
nos quibus Cotta tantum modo locos ac sententias hujus disputationis tradidisset,
the leading thoughts, Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 16.—Prov.:
quot homines, tot sententiae,
many men, many minds, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 14; Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 15. —
2.
In the phrases,
(α).
Sententia est, with subj.-clause, it is my purpose, will, opinion, etc., Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40:
si honestatem tueri ac retinere sententia est,
if one's purpose be, if one be determined, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116; and: stat sententia, with obj.clause, Ov. M. 8, 67; cf.
, parenthetically: sic stat sententia,
id. ib. 1, 243.—
(β).
De sententiā alicujus aliquid facere, Cic. Cael. 29, 68:
neque ego haud committam, ut si quid peccatum siet, Fecisse dicas de meā sententiā,
according to my wish, to suit me, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 115:
gerere,
Cic. Sull. 19 fin.; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; id. Att. 16, 16, C, § 11; 7, 5 fin.; Liv. 38, 45, 5 et saep.—
(γ).
Meā quidem sententiā, in my opinion or judgment, as I think:
nimis stulte faciunt, meā quidem sententiā,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 5:
meā quidem sententiā,
id. Cas. 3, 3, 1; id. Poen. 5, 6, 1; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 40; 5, 9, 2; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 21;
and simply meā sententiā,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 11; id. Merc. 2, 3, 58; Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42; 1, 45, 69; id. de Or. 2, 23, 95 al.—
(δ).
Ex meā (tuā, etc.) sententiā, according to my ( thy, etc.) wish:
quoniam haec evenerunt nostrā ex sententiā,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 89; id. Cist. 1, 2, 7; id. Men. 2, 2, 1; 5, 7, 30; id. Truc. 5, 72; id. Capt. 2, 3, 87; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 3; 2, 15, 1; and more freq., simply ex sententiā, to one's mind or liking, Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 18; id. Capt. 2, 2, 97; id. Mil. 4, 1, 1; id. Aul. 4, 1, 3; id. Truc. 5, 69; Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 17; id. Hec. 5, 4, 32; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 26; Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 123; id. Att. 5, 21; id. Fam. 1, 7, 5; 12, 10, 2; Sall. J. 43, 5 et saep. (v. also infra, B. 2.).—
(ε).
Praeter animi sententiam, against one's inclination:
quam (crapulam) potavi praeter animi mei sententiam,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 29.—
B.
In partic., publicists' and jurid. t.t., an official determination, a decision, sentence, judgment, vote (cf. suffragium):
SENATVOS SENTENTIAM VTEI SCIENTES ESETIS, EORVM SENTENTIA ITA FVIT, S. C. de Bacch.: (L. Tarquinius) antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35:
non viribus... res magnae geruntur, sed consilio, auctoritate, sententiā,
id. Sen. 6, 17:
(Marcellinus) sententiam dixit, ut, etc.... postea Racilius de privatis me primum sententiam rogavit, etc.,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:
accurate sententiam dixi... factum est senatusconsultum in meam sententiam,
id. Att. 4, 1, 6:
DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD... DE PR. VRBANI SENATVOSQVE SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bacch.: ex senatus sententiā,
Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1:
victos paucis sententiis,
Liv. 22, 61, 8.—Hence, sententiam dare, to vote:
meae partes exquirendae magis sententiae quam dandae sunt,
Liv. 8, 20, 12:
omnes in eam sententiam ierunt,
id. 23, 10, 4:
cum in hanc sententiam pedibus omnes issent,
id. 22, 56, 1:
aliquem sequor, aliquem jubebo sententiam dividere,
to divide the question, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2; cf.:
quod fieri in senatu solet... cum censuit aliquis quod ex parte mihi placeat, jubeo illum dividere sententiam et sequor,
id. Ep. 21, 9.—Hence, de eventu fortuna judicat, cui de me sententiam non do, I give no vote, Sen. Ep. 14, 16.—Of the people in the comitia:
de singulis magistratibus sententiam ferre,
Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26:
de quo foedere populus Romanus sententiam non tulit,
id. Balb. 15, 34.—Of the votes of judges:
itur in consilium: servus ille innocens omnibus sententiis absolvitur, quo facilius vos hunc omnibus sententiis condemnare possitis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Clu. 26, 72:
condemnatur enim perpaucis sententiis,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 75: M. Cato (judex) sententiam dixit, pronounced the decision or sentence, id. Off. 3, 16, 66:
sententiis paribus reus absolvitur,
Sen. Ep. 81, 26.—
2.
Ex animi mei (tui) sententiā, in the formula of an oath, to the best of my ( your) knowledge and belief, on my ( your) conscience:
(majores) jurare ex sui animi sententiā quemque voluerunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 146:
quod ex animi tui sententiā juraris, id non facere perjurium est,
id. Off. 3, 29, 108; Liv. 22, 53, 10; 43, 15 fin. —In a play on this signif. and that of ex sententiā, supra:
ridicule illud L. Nasica censori Catoni, cum ille: Ex tui animi sententiā tu uxorem habes? Non hercule, inquit, ex animi mei sententiā,
Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 260; cf. Quint. 8, 5 init.; Gell. 4, 20, 2 sqq.— Transf., as a formula of assurance:
me quidem, ex animi mei sententiā, nulla oratio laedere potest,
by my faith, Sall. J. 85, 27.—
II.
Transf., of words, discourse, etc., sense, meaning, signification, idea, notion, etc.:
sonitum ut possis sentire, neque illam Internoscere, verborum sententiam quae sit,
Lucr. 4, 561:
cum verbum potest in duas plurisve sententias accipi,
Auct. Her. 4, 53, 67:
cum continenter verbum non in eādem sententiā ponitur,
Cic. Or. 39, 136:
formantur et verba et sententiae paene innumerabiliter,
id. de Or. 3, 52, 201:
cognitā sententiā verba subtiliter exquiri noluerunt,
id. Caecin. 20, 57:
quod summum bonum a Stoicis dicitur convenienter naturae vivere, id habet hanc, ut opinor, sententiam: cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:
haec (philosophia) nos docuit, ut nosmet ipsos nosceremus: cujus praecepti tanta vis, tanta sententia est, ut ea non homini cuipiam, sed Delphico deo tribueretur,
such depth of meaning, id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
legis (with vis),
id. ib. 2, 5, 11:
de Domitio dixit versum Graecum eādem sententiā, quā etiam nos habemus Latinum: Pereant amici, etc.,
id. Deiot. 9, 25:
est vitium in sententiā, si quid absurdum, aut alienum est,
id. Opt. Gen. 3, 7; cf. id. de Or. 3, 52, 200.—
B.
Concr.
1.
In gen., a thought expressed in words; a sentence, period: dum de singulis sententiis breviter [p. 1672] disputo, Cic. Phil. 13, 10, 22:
est brevitate opus, ut currat sententia, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 9:
initia et clausulae sententiarum,
Quint. 9, 3, 45; cf. id. 9, 3, 36; 11, 3, 135; 8, 4, 26; 9, 4, 18; 9, 4, 29; 10, 1, 130 al.—
2.
In partic., a philosophical proposition, an aphorism, apophthegm, maxim, axiom (cf. praeceptum): selectae (Epicuri) brevesque sententiae, quas appellatis kurias doxas, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 85:
quid est tam jucundum cognitu atque auditu, quam sapientibus sententiis gravibusque verbis ornata oratio et perpolita,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 31:
acutae,
id. ib. 2, 8, 34:
concinnae acutaeque,
id. Brut. 78, 272; Quint. 8, 5, 2 sq.; 9, 3, 76; 10, 1, 60;
11, 3, 120 al.: (Sophocles) sententiis densus,
id. 10, 1, 68; cf. id. 10, 1, 90; 10, 1, 102:
subiti ictūs sententiarum,
Sen. Ep. 100, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sententia
113 be up

1. phr v встать, проснуться

2. phr v быть на ногах, бодрствовать

I was up till three last night — вчера я до трёх не ложился спать

to be in the clear — быть вне подозрений

be in the spotlight — быть в центре внимания

to be pressed with work — быть перегруженным работой

be sound of body and mind — быть здоровым телом и душой

be under procurement — быть включенным в план заготовок

3. phr v разг. почувствовать себя лучше, встать на ноги

left much to be desired — оставлял желать лучшего

declined to be identified — отказался назвать себя

leave much to be desired — оставлять желать лучшего

decline to be identified — отказываться назвать себя

leaving much to be desired — оставляющий желать лучшего

4. phr v повыситься в цене

the shares are up today — сегодня акции поднялись

5. phr v закончиться, прекратиться

my leave is up — у меня кончился отпуск

6. phr v жить, побывать в крупном городе

be eligible — бывать допущенным

be in good shape — бывать в хорошей спортивной форме

be in bad condition — бывать в плохой спортивной форме

be in good condition — бывать в хорошей спортивной форме

7. phr v быть студентом и жить в университетском городе

be in orders — быть священнослужителем

to be slack — быть в состоянии затишья

Hallowed be Thy name — Да святится имя Твое

to be under accusation — быть под обвинением, обвиняться

be kept up on — быть постоянно информированным по вопросу

8. phr v доходить до, достигать, доставать до

the water was up as far as my shoulders — вода доходила мне до плеч

debt to be collected at debtor's residence — долг, подлежащий взысканию по месту жительства должника

9. phr v разг. случаться

to be up and about — выздороветь, поправиться после болезни, быть на ногах

English-Russian base dictionary > be up
114 Will

1. n Уилл, Вилл

2. n тк. sing воля; сила воли

strong will — сильная воля

this will pick you up — это поможет вам восстановить силы

product of the free will — проявление свободной воли

will of the decedent — воля умершего; завещание

bad will — завещание, не имеющее законной силы

divine will — произволение божие; воля божия

3. n тк. sing желание, воля

thy will be done — да будет воля твоя

will to live — воля к жизни

will to win — воля к победе

at will — по усмотрению, по желанию

tenant at will — арендатор, который может быть выселен в любое время

be may come and go at will — он может приходить и уходить, когда захочет

devil's will — дьявольская воля

flaws of the will — пороки воли

will of adamant — стальная воля

against her will — против её воли

cast-iron will — несгибаемая воля

4. n тк. sing арх. просьба; приказ

5. n тк. sing энергия, энтузиазм; интерес

they set to work with a will — они горячо принялись за дело

6. n тк. sing завещание, последняя воля

to make a will — составить завещание

will power — сила воли

God's will — воля Божья

good will — добрая воля

will of god — воля Бога

free will — свобода воли

7. v книжн. возвыш. проявлять волю, желание; хотеть, желать

whatever he wills he may accomplish — что бы он ни задумал, он всё может сделать

will you have any more tea? — хотите ещё чаю?

the education of the will — воспитание воли

strengthening of the will — укрепление воли

envoys of good will — посланцы доброй воли

last will — последняя воля, завещание

8. v книжн. возвыш. заставлять; внушать

to will oneself to fall asleep — заставить себя заснуть

9. v книжн. возвыш. завещать

to will away from — лишать законного наследника наследства

10. n диал. блуждающий огонёк

11. a диал. заблудившийся, сбившийся с пути

everybody will be there — там будут все, там будет весь свет

will you waltz with me? — разрешите пригласить вас на вальс

what will he the upshot of it all? — чем всё это кончится?

this joke will kill you — эта шутка насмешит вас до смерти

my son here will tell you — вот мой сын всё расскажет вам

12. a диал. растерянный, запутавшийся

Синонимический ряд:

1. command (noun) behest; bidding; command; decree; direction; insistence; order

2. decision (noun) conviction; decision; determination; forcefulness; resoluteness; resolution; resolve

3. desire (noun) desire; disposition; fancy; inclination; liking; mind; purpose; velleity; volition; wish

4. discipline (noun) discipline; self-command; self-control; self-discipline; self-government; self-mastery; self-restraint; willpower

5. pleasure (noun) choice; discretion; pleasure

6. testament (noun) testament

7. bequeath (verb) bequeath; bestow; devise; endow; leave; legate

8. desire (verb) desire; determine; resolve

9. like (verb) choose; elect; like; please; want; wish

English-Russian base dictionary > Will
115 εἰκών

εἰκών, ἡ, gen. όνος, acc. όνα, etc.: poet. and [dialect] Ion. nom. [full] εἰκώ is implied (though not found) in gen.

A εἰκοῦς E.Hel.77
, acc. εἰκώ A.Th. 559
, E.Med. 1162, Hdt.7.69 (but εἰκόνα 2.143
, both εἰκόνα and εἰκώ in Pl.Ti. 37d), Maiist.15: acc. pl. εἰκούς E.Tr. 1178
, Ar.Nu. 559: (Εἴκω, ἔοικα, ϝεικ-Inscr.Cypr.151 H.):—likeness, image, whether picture or statue, Hdt.2.130, 143, A.Th. 559, etc.; εἰ. γεγραμμένη Plu.2.1117c
; εἰ. γραπτά IG4.940.23
, cf. 3.1330; of needlework, E.IT 223 (anap.); bust, Luc.Alex.18; εἰ. βασιλικαί, = Lat. imagines imperatorum, Lib. Or.56.13: generally, εἰ. τοῦ νοητοῦ θεὸς αἰσθητός Pl.Ti. 92c
.

2 image in a mirror, E.Med. 1162, Pl.R. 402b.

3 personal description, PTeb.32.21 (ii B. C.), etc.

4 metaph., living image, representation, εἰ. ζῶσα τοῦ Διός OGI90.3
(Rosetta, ii B. C.); τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Ep.Cor.4.4
.

II semblance, phantom, E.HF 1002; οὐ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τέθνηκεν, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ ἡ εἰ. αὐτοῦ Luc.DMort.16.1
; imaginary form, Pl.R. 588b; image in the mind, εἰκοὺς πατρός E.Tr. 1178
; δοξῶν καὶ λόγων Pl.Phlb. 39c
, etc.; εἰκόνας σῆς ἀρετῆς thy virtue's counterparts, of children, Epigr.Gr.435.4; περίβολον ἔχειν δεσμωτηρίου εἰκόνα Pl.Cra. 400c
; ἐν εἰκόνι βασιλείας Hdn.7.9.10
.

III similitude, comparison, Ar.Nu. 559, Ra. 906, Pl.Phd. 87b, Men. 80c, Men.536.1; δι' εἰκόνος λέγεσθαι Pl.R. 487e
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1407a11, Lib.Ep.8.1.

IV pattern, archetype, ποτὶ τὰν εἰκόνα [κόσμος] ἀπειργασμένος Ti.Locr.99d
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἰκών
116 θέα

θέᾱ, [dialect] Ion. [full] θέη, ἡ, ([etym.] θεάομαι)

A seeing, looking at, θέης ἄξιος, = ἀξιοθέητος, Hdt.1.25, cf. X.HG6.2.34; θέαν λαβεῖν to take or get a view, S. Ph. 536, 656; ἐς θέαν [τινὸς] ἔρχεσθαι, ἐπὶ θέαν τἀνδρὸς ἐλθεῖν, to go to see, E.IA 427, Pl.La. 179e; κατὰ θέαν ἀναβαίνειν τοῦ χωρίου Th. 5.7
, cf. 9, 6.31; ἠγριωμένος ἐπὶ τῇ θέᾳ τινός at the sight of.., X. Cyr.1.4.24; βαδίζειν ἐπὶ κωμῳδῶν θέαν Id.Oec.3.7
.

b of the mind, contemplation, ἡ τοῦ ὄντος θ. Pl.R. 582c
, cf. Arist.Ph. 209b20, etc.

2 aspect, διαπρεπὴς τὴν θ. E.IA 1588
; αἰσχρὰν θ. παρέχειν X.Eq.7.2
; ἀπὸ τῆς θ. εἰκάζειν Luc.VH1.11
; ὑποδῦσα θέαν ἀνθρώπου having assumed the appearance of a human being, Palaeph.48.

II that which is seen, sight, Ζηνὶ δυσκλεὴς θ. A.Pr. 243
; μάλ' ἄζηλος θ. S.El. 1455
; ὡς ἴδω πικρὰν θ. E.Hipp. 809
; ἀταρβὴς τῆς θ. without fear of the sight, S.Tr.23: pl., θέαι ἀμήχανοι τὸ κάλλος Pl.R. 615a
.

2 spectacle, performance, in a theatre or elsewhere, Thphr.Char.5.7, etc.; ἐν ταῖς θ. καὶ ἐν ταῖς πομπαῖς CIG3068
A 22 ([place name] Teos), cf. Plu.Caes. 55, Brut.21, Hdn.1.15.1(pl.); μεγάλαι θ.,= Ludi Magni, Plu.Cam. 5.

III place for seeing from, seat in the theatre (cf. αἴγειρος) , θέαν εἰς τὰ Διονύσια κατανεῖμαι τοῖς πρέσβεσι Aeschin.2.55
, cf. D.18.28; θέαν καταλαμβάνειν to occupy one, Id.21.178; προκατ αλαμβάνειν Luc.Herm.39
; ἔχειν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ Plu.Flam.19
, etc.

2 auditorium, IG22.1176.

IV αἴδεσσαί με θέας ὕπερ revere me by thy countenance, dub. in h.Cer.64 codd. (prob. θεὰν σύ περ).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θέα
117 λῆμα

λῆμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] λῶ)

A will, desire, purpose, Epich.182 (prob.l.): concrete, λ. Κορωνίδος wilful Coronis, Pi.P.3.25; μητρῷον λ. thy proud mother, S.El. 1427; λήματος κάκη weakness of will, cowardice, A.Th. 616; ἥκιστα τοὐμὸν λ. ἔφυ τυραννικόν E.Med. 348
; ἐς τὸ κέρδος λ. ἔχων ἀνειμένον Id.Heracl.3
, cf. 199, Alc. 981 (lyr.), Ba. 1000 (lyr.).

II temper of mind, spirit, either,

1 in good sense, courage, resolution, εὔτολμον ψυχῆς λ. Simon.140
; γενναῖον λ. Pi.P. 8.45
, cf. N.1.57; αἴθων λ. fiery in courage, A.Th. 448; δύο λήμασιν ἴσους Ἀτρεΐδας Id.Ag. 122
(lyr.); τοξουλκῷ λήματι πιστοί relying on their archer spirit, Id.Pers.55 (anap.); ἀρείφατον λ. Id.Fr. 147
; πέτρας τὸ λ. κἀδάμαντος E.Cyc. 596
; λ. οὐκ ἄτολμον Ar.Nu. 457
(lyr.); καθ' Ἡρακλέα.. τὸ λ. ἔχων Id.Ra. 463
; or,

2 in bad sense, insolence, arrogance, audacity, ὅσον λ. ἔχων ἀφίκου S.OC 877
(lyr.); ὦ λῆμ' ἀναιδές ib. 960; δῆλον.. τἀνθρώπου' στι τὸ λῆμα Ar.Nu. 1350
(lyr.).— Poet. word, also used in [dialect] Ion. Prose, in signf. spirit, courage, ἔργα χειρῶν τε καὶ λήματος Hdt.5.72
; λήματος πλέος ib. 111, cf. 7.99, 9.62: and in late Prose, as D.S.2.58 (pl.), J.BJ3.10.4, Luc.Dem.Enc.50, etc.; defined by Andronic.Pass.p.575 M.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λῆμα
118 φθίω

φθίω, ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common [tense] pres. being [full] φθίνω, Od.5.161, al. (also [full] φθινύθω, q. v.): [tense] impf.

A ἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29
, Pl.Ti. 77a: [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. 11): [tense] pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. (in same sense), [tense] fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 ( φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: [tense] aor. 1 φθίσασθαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: [tense] aor. 2 ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.Th. 971
(lyr.); ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100
, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu. 458, S.OT 962, E.Alc. 414 (lyr.); [ per.] 3pl. ἐφθίατο Il.1.251
; imper. [ per.] 3sg. φθίσθω ([etym.] ἀπο-) 8.429; [dialect] Ep. subj. φθίεται 20.173
, φθιόμεσθα 14.87
; opt. φθίμην ([etym.] ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο ([etym.] φθῖτ') 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf. φθίσθαι Il.9.246
, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, ([etym.] κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in [tense] pf., ἔφθιται Od.20.340
, [ per.] 3pl. ἐξ-έφθινται A.Pers. 679
(lyr.). [Hom. has [pron. full] ῑ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), [pron. full] ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: [pron. full] ῑ always in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): [pron. full] ῐ always in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses [pron. full] ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. Φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω ) whereas [pron. full] ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use [pron. full] ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, [tense] pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', [voice] Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', [tense] fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), [tense] aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεις-).)

I decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. [tense] aor. ) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330: τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S.Aj. 141
(anap.); in this sense mostly in [tense] pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.

b of the moon, wane, [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.Cael. 291b20
; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος ( ἵστημι B. 111.4
), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month ([etym.] τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.

c of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).

2 of persons, waste away, pine, perish, ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368
(perh. [tense] aor. subj. with [pron. full] ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. [tense] impf., but possibly [tense] aor.); φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.Alc. 203
; ἐκ φόνων S.Tr. 558
; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.

b of life, strength, etc., οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94
; φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.OC 610
, cf. OT 665 (lyr.); ὕβρις.. ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.Fr. 786
; ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.Tr. 548
; τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.Fr.415.5
, cf. Pl.Phd. 71b, Ti. 81b, etc.; c. dat. modi, πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν.., φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.OT25
; of things, fade away, disappear, ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.Tr. 677
; τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.Loc.Hom.24
; metaph., φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα S.OT 906
(lyr.), cf. Ant. 1013:—[voice] Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173
, cf. 14.87; more freq. in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor., ἤδη φθ<ε> ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384; τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100
; δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο 1.251
; νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667
; νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο S.OT 962
; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by.., A.Th. 971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med. 1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.; χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359
; ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG12
. 976; φθίμενοι the dead, φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436
; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21; φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.I. 4(3).10(28)
, cf. B.5.83; φθιμένοισιν A.Th. 732
(lyr.); φθίμενος S.Tr. 1161
, cf. Ant. 836 (anap.); μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν.. φθιμένων E.Hec. 137
(anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός) , τὸν φθίμενον A.Th. 336
(lyr., codd.); τῶν φ. Id.Ag. 1023
(lyr.); τῶν πρότερον φ. Id.Ch. 403
(anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess, Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1
: rare in Prose, τοῖς φθιμένοις X.Cyr.8.7.18
.

II Causal, in [tense] fut. φθ (ε) ίσω, [tense] aor. 1 ἔφθ (ε) ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67 ) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy, φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il.6.407
; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ (ε) ῖσαι γόνον Od.4.741
; ἵνα φθ (ε) ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν 16.369
; τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι ib. 428; τοκῆας.. φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί 20.67
: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα) , Μοίρας φθίσας A.Eu. 173
; τὸν.. ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.OT 202
; φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι Pythag.
ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα.. φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El. 1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φθίω
119 ἔμφρων

ἔμφρων, ον, gen. ονος, ([etym.] φρήν)

A in one's mind or senses, sensible: opp.,

1 to one mad, σε Ζεὺς τίθησιν ἔμφρονα<*> brings thee to thy senses, A.Pr. 848; ἔ. εἰμί Id.Ch. 1026
; ἔ. καθίσταμαι I come to myself, S.Aj. 306; ποιητὴς .. οὐκ ἔ. ἐστίν Pl.Lg. 719c
; ἀντὶ μανικῶν.. ἑξεις ἔμφρονας ἔχειν ib. 791b.

2 to one dead, ἔτ' ἔ. S.Ant. 1237, cf. Antipho 2.3.2; ἔ. γίγνεσθαι to recover from a swoon or lethargy, Hp.Coac. 136.

3 to one asleep, S.E.M.7.129.

II rational, intelligent, ζῷα ἔ., opp. εἴδωλα ἄφρ., X.Mem.1.4.4; also ζωή, βίος ἔ., Pl.R. 521a, Ti. 36e; ἡ πρεσβυτῶν ἔ. παιδιά Id.Lg. 769a
; τέχνη -εστέρα Arist.Rh. 1359b6
; ὅταν ἐς ἥβην ἐξικώμεθ' ἔμφρονες when we come to years of discretion, prob. in S.Fr.583.6.

2 sensible, prudent, Thgn.1126, Pi.O.9.74, S.OT 436; ἔ. σωφροσύνη Th.1.84
; ἔ. περί τι wise about or in a thing, Pl.Lg. 809d; τῶν δημιουργῶν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἐ. ἀνδρῶν experts, Id.Hipparch. 226c. Adv. - όνως sensibly, wisely, Id.R. 396d, al., Antiph.104: [comp] Comp. - έστερον Phalar.Ep.67.3
: [comp] Sup. - έστατα Plu.Ant.14
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔμφρων
120 ὁ

ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,

A demonstr. Pronoun.

B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.

C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dual τοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ; οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ; τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
; τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
; τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
; τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
; τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484, ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., μεσακόθεν τοῖς κράναιυν Schwyzer664.8
(Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)

A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):

I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun, αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
; τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.

II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it, ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.

III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ; θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.

IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.

V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.

VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter,
ὁ δέ
the former, Pl.Prt. 359e
, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts, ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
; τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition, ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ; πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg., ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν or ὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ; τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.

2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔ S.OC24
; τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
; οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.

3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite, ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
; νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.

4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.

5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a corresponding ὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. by ἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ; τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ; ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ; σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. μέν D.
III ; γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.

6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause, τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
; τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose, ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
; ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.

7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.

8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν and δέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
; ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
; οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.

VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,

1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v. ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc., καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt., καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.

2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such, τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc., καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ; τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ; τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, τὸν δ' ἀγαθὸν τολμᾶν χρὴ τά τε καὶ τὰ φέρειν Thgn.398
, cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.; τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.

VIII abs. usages of single cases,

1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose, τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.

b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ; τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; δελφῖνες τῇ καὶ τῇ ἐθύνεον ἰχθυάοντες Hes.Sc. 210
:—only poet.

c of Manner,
τῇ περ τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν
in this way, thus, Od.8.510
.

d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: without μέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.

e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.

2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose, τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.

b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.

3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6), τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
; τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.

4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; also τὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
; τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
; τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause, τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.

5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.

b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.; ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ; τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.

c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).

6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs., ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.; ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μελάγγειον οὖσαν Plu.2.364c
: in late Prose, also with Positives, ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; with πάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).

B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst.,
αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον
the hindmost man, Il.11.178
; τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
; τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
; τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also in τῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs., τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.; τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
; τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ; τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ; ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.

I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron., τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; οὐχ ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐσίαν ποιούμενοι τοὺς παῖδας Pl.R. 372b
.

b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).

c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.

d for Σαῦλος ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, etc., v. καί B.2.

2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type, οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
; πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.

b freq. with abstract Nouns, ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.

3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.

4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.

5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.; τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.

6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ; τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
; ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ; ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
; τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.

7 before Prons.,

a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., τὸν ἐμέ Pl.Tht. 166a
,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; τὸν αὑτόν Id.Phdr. 258a
; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.

b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.

c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst.,
ὁ τοιοῦτος
that sort of person, X.Mem.4.2.21
, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art., τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.

8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6, πολύς 11.3
, etc.

9 the Art. with the [comp] Comp. is rare, if ἤ follows, S.Ant. 313, OC 796.

II elliptic expressions:

1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.

2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers., τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, as τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.

3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.

4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.

5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν; ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., as κἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.); ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ; τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.

C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, as κλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ; Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.); Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets, ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., τῆς S.OC 1258
, Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.); τῷ S.Ph.14
; τήν Id.OC 747
, Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg. τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).

D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:

a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.

b other dialects: in their treatment of crasis these follow the local laws of contraction, hence, e.g., [dialect] Dor. ὡξ from ὁ ἐξ Theoc.1.65
, ὥλαφος from ὁ ἔλαφος ib. 135 ; [dialect] Ion. ᾡσυμνήτης from ὁ αἰς- SIG57.45 (Milet., v B.C.) ; ὡυτή from ἡ αὐτή Heraclit.60
, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὁ

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