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41 below
bə'ləu
1. preposition(lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) debajo (de); por debajo
2. adverb(in a lower place: We looked at the houses (down) below.) de abajobelow1 adv abajowho lives on the floor below? ¿quién vive en el piso de abajo?below2 prep bajo / debajo de / por debajo detr[bɪ'ləʊ]1 debajo de, bajo2 por debajo (de)3 (lower than) bajo1 abajo2 de abajo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbelow sea-level por debajo del nivel del marsee below véase abajothat was a bit below the belt fue un golpe bajobelow [bɪ'lo:] adv: abajobelow prep1) : abajo de, debajo debelow the window: debajo de la ventana2) : por debajo de, bajobelow average: por debajo del promedio5 degrees below zero: 5 grados bajo ceroadv.• abajo adv.• bajo adv.• debajo adv.• debajo de adv.prep.• debajo de prep.• inferior a prep.
I bɪ'ləʊ1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature)[bɪ'lǝʊ] When below is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go below, look up the verb.1. PREP1) (=under) debajo de, bajobelow the bed — debajo de la cama, bajo la cama
their readership has dropped to below 18,000 — el número de lectores que tenían ha descendido por debajo de los 18.000
•
below average — inferior al promedio, inferior a or por debajo de la media•
below freezing (point) — bajo cero•
below the surface — por debajo de la superficie, bajo la superficie2) (Geog) (=downstream of) más abajo de2. ADV1) (=beneath) abajobelow, we could see the valley — abajo podíamos ver el valle
decisions occur at departmental level or below — las decisiones se toman a nivel de departamento o a un nivel inferior
•
down below — abajo•
far below — mucho más abajo•
from below — desde abajo•
immediately below — justamente debajo3) (Naut) (also: below deck) abajo•
to go below — bajar* * *
I [bɪ'ləʊ]1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature) -
42 conduction current
ток проводимости
Явление направленного движения свободных носителей электрического заряда в веществе или в пустоте, количественно характеризуемое скалярной величиной, равной производной по времени от электрического заряда, переносимого свободными носителями заряда сквозь рассматриваемую поверхность.
[ ГОСТ Р 52002-2003]EN
(electric) current
(conduction) current
scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric current density J through a given directed surface S:
where endA is the vector surface element
NOTE 1 – The electric current through a surface is equal to the limit of the quotient of the electric charge transferred through that surface during a time interval by the duration of this interval when this duration tends to zero.
NOTE 2 – For charge carriers confined to a surface, the electric current is defined through a curve of this surface (see the note to term “lineic electric current”).
[IEV number 121-11-13]FR
courant (électrique), m
courant (de conduction), m
grandeur scalaire égale au flux de la densité de courant électrique J à travers une surface orientée donnée S:
où endA est l'élément vectoriel de surface
NOTE 1 – Le courant électrique à travers une surface est égal à la limite du quotient de la charge électrique traversant cette surface pendant un intervalle de temps par la durée de cet intervalle lorsque cette durée tend vers zéro.
NOTE 2 – Pour des porteurs de charge confinés sur une surface, le courant électrique est défini à travers une courbe de cette surface (voir la note au terme "densité linéique de courant").
[IEV number 121-11-13]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- (elektrische) Stromstärke
- Leitungsstromstärke
- Stromstärke, (elektrische)
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > conduction current
-
43 method
1) метод; приём; способ2) методика3) технология4) система•- accelerated strength testing method-
benching method-
bullhead well control method-
electrical-surveying method-
electromagnetic surveying method-
long-wire transmitter method-
operational method-
rule of thumb method-
straight flange method of rolling beams-
symbolical method-
tee-test method-
testing method-
triangulation method-
value-iteration method -
44 filter
1) фильтр || фильтровать; использовать фильтр2) светофильтр, оптический фильтр•- acceptance filter
- acoustic filter
- acoustic surface-wave filter
- acoustic-wave filter
- acoustooptical filter
- active filter
- ActiveX server filter
- adaptive filter
- air filter
- air-spaced filter
- all-pass filter
- all-pole filter
- all-zero filter
- ambient-light filter
- amplitude filter
- analog-computer filter
- analog-computer-type filter
- antialiasing filter
- apodized filter
- array-processing filter - band-stop filter
- barometric filter
- barometric air filter
- Bessel filter
- binary filter - biquad filter
- biquartic filter
- birefringent filter
- birefringent optical filter
- bleaching filter
- bogon filter
- Bozo filter
- BP filter
- breather filter
- bridge filter
- bridged-T filter
- broadcast filter
- brute-force filter
- Butterworth filter
- canonical recursive filter
- capacitor-input filter
- carrier transfer filter
- Cauer filter
- cavity filter
- cavity-coupled filter
- CCTT filter
- ceramic filter
- channel filter
- channel-bank filter
- channel-separation filter
- Chebyshev filter
- chirp-generating filter
- choke-input filter
- Christiansen filter
- chroma filter
- click filter
- clutter suppression filter
- C-message filter
- coaxial filter
- coherent memory filter
- color filter
- colored-glass filter
- color separation filter
- comb filter
- compensating filter
- complex spatial filter
- composite filter
- constant-current filter
- constant-K filter
- continuous capacitive tapping transversal filter
- continuous inductive tapping transversal filter
- continuously tunable filter
- continuous resistive tapping transversal filter
- convolution filter
- correction filter
- corrective filter
- crystal filter
- dechirping filter
- deconvolution filter
- decoupling filter
- deemphasis filter
- delay-line filter
- delta-modulation filter
- demodulator filter - dichroic filter
- dielectric filter
- dielectric slab filter
- digital filter
- digital frequency mapping filter
- digitally tuned filter - directional filter
- discrete filter
- discrimination filter
- dispersion filter
- dispersive filter
- dm filter
- Doppler filter
- dynamic tracking filter
- electric filter
- electric-wave filter
- electronically tunable filter
- elliptic filter
- elliptic-function filter
- enhancement filter - Fabry-Perot interference filter
- feed-forward MTI radar filter
- feedthrough filter
- fiber filter
- finite impulse-response filter
- finite-duration impulse-response filter
- fin-line filter
- FIR filter
- first-order filter
- fixed filter
- fixed-frequency filter
- fixed-point digital filter
- floating-point digital filter
- formant filter
- Fourier transform filter
- four-port filter
- FP filter
- Frechet filter
- frequency filter
- frustrated total reflection filter
- gelatin filter
- generating filter
- glare filter
- glass filter
- graded filter
- gray filter - harmonic filter
- heat filter
- HF filter
- high filter
- high-cut filter
- high-frequency filter
- high-order filter
- high-pass filter
- hiss filter
- hologram filter
- holographic filter
- IIR filter
- inductive-input filter
- infinite impulse-response filter
- infinite-duration impulse-response filter
- infrared filter
- in-line filter
- integrated-and-dump filter
- integrating filter
- interference filter
- interferential polarizational filter
- intermediate-frequency filter
- interpolation filter
- interstage filter
- inverse filter
- inverse-feedback filter
- ion-implanted array filter
- IR filter
- iterative filter
- junction filter
- Kalman filter
- key-click filter
- keying filter
- kill filter
- L-filter
- ladder-type filter
- lattice filter
- lead-zirconate-titanate filter
- leapfrog filter
- light filter
- line filter
- linear filter
- linear FM pulse compression filter
- linear space-invariant filter
- linear space-noninvariant filter
- liquid filter
- long-wavelength cutoff filter
- loop filter
- lossless filter
- low filter
- low-and-high-pass filter
- low-cut filter - L-section filter
- L-type filter
- lumped-constant filter
- Lyot filter
- magic-T filter
- magnetically tuned filter
- magnetooptical filter
- magnetostatic-wave filter
- magnetostrictive filter
- matched filter
- matched spatial filter
- matching filter
- m-derived filter
- mechanical filter
- mechanical-wave filter
- median filter
- microwave filter
- MIDI filter
- minimum-delay filter
- minimum-phase filter
- mismatched filter
- mode filter
- modulation filter
- multiple-bandpass filter
- multiple-reflection filter
- multiple-resonant-circuit filter
- multi-resonator filter
- multisection filter
- multistage filter
- narrow-band filter
- narrow-cut filter
- ND filter
- network filter
- neutral filter
- neutral-density filter
- neutral gray filter
- noise filter
- nonlinear filter
- nonrecursive filter
- nonselective filter
- notch filter
- n-section filter
- one-dimensional median filter
- optical filter
- packet filter
- parallel-T notch filter
- parametric filter
- partitioned adaptive filter
- passive filter
- phase filter
- photopic filter
- piezoelectric filter
- piezoelectric ceramics filter
- piezoelectric crystal filter
- pi-section filter
- plasma electroacoustic resonance filter
- plastics filter
- polarization interference filter
- polarizing filter
- polaroid filter
- pole-zero filter
- polynomial filter
- pop filter
- postemphasis filter
- postequalization filter
- powder filter
- power-line filter
- powerpack filter
- prediction filter - preequalization filter
- prewhitening filter
- programmable binary transversal filter
- pseudo-noise matched filter
- pulse-compression filter
- PZT filter
- quadrature filter
- quasi-optical filter
- radio-frequency interference filter
- range filter
- RC-filter
- recirculating filter
- recirculating air filter
- rectifier filter - reflection filter
- reflection holographic filter
- rejection filter
- resistance-capacitance filter
- resonant filter
- reverberation suppression filter
- RF filter
- RFI filter
- ripple filter
- roof filter
- rumble filter
- sampled-data filter
- SAW filter
- SC filter
- scatter filter
- scratch filter
- seasonal filter
- selective filter
- sending filter
- separation filter
- series m-derived filter
- SFG filter
- shaping filter
- sharp-cutoff filter
- short-term adaptive filter
- short-wavelength cutoff filter
- shunt m-derived filter
- signal-flow-graph filter
- signal-separation filter
- single-sideband filter
- slope filter
- slot filter
- slotted filter
- smoothing filter
- solid organic-dye filter
- solid-state filter
- sound-effect filter
- spatial filter
- spatial frequencyfilter
- spatial median filter
- spin-wave filter
- stacked crystal filter
- state-variable filter
- strip-line filter
- superconducting filter
- surface-acoustic-wave filter
- surface-wave chirp filter - switched-capacitor filter
- systolic filter
- tapped-delay-line filter
- tee filter
- temporal median filter
- thin-film filter
- thin-metal-film filter
- through filter
- time-dependent filter
- time-invariant filter
- time-varying filter
- tracking filter
- transmission filter
- transmission-line filter
- transparency filter
- transversal filter
- T-section filter
- tunable filter
- tuned filter
- twin-T filter
- two-dimensional filter
- two-dimensional median filter
- two-port filter
- ultraviolet filter
- unvoiced filter
- UV filter
- variable filter
- velocity filter
- vestigial-sideband filter
- voice filter
- voltage-controlled variable-bandwidth filter
- wave filter
- waveguide filter
- weighted filter
- whitening filter
- wide-angle filter
- wide-band filter
- wide-cut filter
- Wiener filter
- Wratten filter
- YIG filter
- yttrium-iron garnet filter
- zero-memory filter -
45 filter
1) фильтр || фильтровать; использовать фильтр2) светофильтр, оптический фильтр•- acceptance filter
- acoustic filter
- acoustic surface-wave filter
- acoustic-wave filter
- acoustooptical filter
- active filter
- ActiveX server filter
- adaptive filter
- air filter
- air-spaced filter
- all-pass filter
- all-pole filter
- all-zero filter
- ambient-light filter
- amplitude filter
- analog-computer filter
- analog-computer-type filter
- antialiasing filter
- apodized filter
- array-processing filter
- avalanche matched filter
- balanced filter
- band-elimination filter
- band-exclusion filter
- bandpass filter
- band-rejection filter
- band-splitting filter
- band-stop filter
- barometric air filter
- barometric filter
- Bessel filter
- binary filter
- binary transversal filter
- binomial filter
- biquad filter
- biquartic filter
- birefringent filter
- birefringent optical filter
- bleaching filter
- bogon filter
- Bozo filter
- BP filter
- breather filter
- bridge filter
- bridged-T filter
- broadcast filter
- brute-force filter
- Butterworth filter
- canonical recursive filter
- capacitor-input filter
- carrier transfer filter
- Cauer filter
- cavity filter
- cavity-coupled filter
- CCTT filter
- ceramic filter
- channel filter
- channel-bank filter
- channel-separation filter
- Chebyshev filter
- chirp-generating filter
- choke-input filter
- Christiansen filter
- chroma filter
- click filter
- clutter suppression filter
- C-message filter
- coaxial filter
- coherent memory filter
- color filter
- color separation filter
- colored-glass filter
- comb filter
- compensating filter
- complex spatial filter
- composite filter
- constant-current filter
- constant-K filter
- continuous capacitive tapping transversal filter
- continuous inductive tapping transversal filter
- continuous resistive tapping transversal filter
- continuously tunable filter
- convolution filter
- correction filter
- corrective filter
- crystal filter
- dechirping filter
- deconvolution filter
- decoupling filter
- deemphasis filter
- delay-line filter
- delta-modulation filter
- demodulator band filter
- demodulator filter
- dereverberation filter
- dichroic filter
- dielectric filter
- dielectric slab filter
- digital filter
- digital frequency mapping filter
- digital matched filter
- digital spectral mapping filter
- digitally tuned filter
- directional filter
- discrete filter
- discrimination filter
- dispersion filter
- dispersive filter
- dm filter
- Doppler filter
- dynamic tracking filter
- electric filter
- electric-wave filter
- electronically tunable filter
- elliptic filter
- elliptic-function filter
- enhancement filter
- extended Kalman filter
- Fabry-Perot filter
- Fabry-Perot interference filter
- feed-forward MTI radar filter
- feedthrough filter
- fiber filter
- finite impulse-response filter
- finite-duration impulse-response filter
- fin-line filter
- FIR filter
- first-order filter
- fixed filter
- fixed-frequency filter
- fixed-point digital filter
- floating-point digital filter
- formant filter
- Fourier transform filter
- four-port filter
- FP filter
- Frechet filter
- frequency filter
- frustrated total reflection filter
- gelatin filter
- generating filter
- glare filter
- glass filter
- graded filter
- gray filter
- grounded-capacitor low-pass filter
- gyrator filter
- harmonic filter
- heat filter
- HF filter
- high filter
- high-cut filter
- high-frequency filter
- high-order filter
- high-pass filter
- hiss filter
- hologram filter
- holographic filter
- IIR filter
- inductive-input filter
- infinite impulse-response filter
- infinite-duration impulse-response filter
- infrared filter
- in-line filter
- integrated-and-dump filter
- integrating filter
- interference filter
- interferential polarizational filter
- intermediate-frequency filter
- interpolation filter
- interstage filter
- inverse filter
- inverse-feedback filter
- ion-implanted array filter
- IR filter
- iterative filter
- junction filter
- Kalman filter
- key-click filter
- keying filter
- kill filter
- ladder-type filter
- lattice filter
- lead-zirconate-titanate filter
- leapfrog filter
- L-filter
- light filter
- line filter
- linear filter
- linear FM pulse compression filter
- linear space-invariant filter
- linear space-noninvariant filter
- liquid filter
- long-wavelength cutoff filter
- loop filter
- lossless filter
- low filter
- low-and-high-pass filter
- low-cut filter
- low-pass filter
- LP filter
- L-section filter
- L-type filter
- lumped-constant filter
- Lyot filter
- magic-T filter
- magnetically tuned filter
- magnetooptical filter
- magnetostatic-wave filter
- magnetostrictive filter
- matched filter
- matched spatial filter
- matching filter
- m-derived filter
- mechanical filter
- mechanical-wave filter
- median filter
- microwave filter
- MIDI filter
- minimum-delay filter
- minimum-phase filter
- mismatched filter
- mode filter
- modulation filter
- multiple-bandpass filter
- multiple-reflection filter
- multiple-resonant-circuit filter
- multi-resonator filter
- multisection filter
- multistage filter
- narrow-band filter
- narrow-cut filter
- ND filter
- network filter
- neutral filter
- neutral gray filter
- neutral-density filter
- noise filter
- nonlinear filter
- nonrecursive filter
- nonselective filter
- notch filter
- n-section filter
- one-dimensional median filter
- optical filter
- packet filter
- parallel-T notch filter
- parametric filter
- partitioned adaptive filter
- passive filter
- phase filter
- photopic filter
- piezoelectric ceramics filter
- piezoelectric crystal filter
- piezoelectric filter
- pi-section filter
- plasma electroacoustic resonance filter
- plastics filter
- polarization interference filter
- polarizing filter
- polaroid filter
- pole-zero filter
- polynomial filter
- pop filter
- postemphasis filter
- postequalization filter
- powder filter
- power-line filter
- powerpack filter
- prediction filter
- prediction-error filter
- preemphasis filter
- preequalization filter
- prewhitening filter
- programmable binary transversal filter
- pseudo-noise matched filter
- pulse-compression filter
- PZT filter
- quadrature filter
- quasi-optical filter
- radio-frequency interference filter
- range filter
- RC-filter
- recirculating air filter
- recirculating filter
- rectifier filter
- recurrent extended Kalman filter
- recursive filter
- reflection filter
- reflection holographic filter
- rejection filter
- resistance-capacitance filter
- resonant filter
- reverberation suppression filter
- RF filter
- RFI filter
- ripple filter
- roof filter
- rumble filter
- sampled-data filter
- SAW filter
- SC filter
- scatter filter
- scratch filter
- seasonal filter
- selective filter
- sending filter
- separation filter
- series m-derived filter
- SFG filter
- shaping filter
- sharp-cutoff filter
- short-term adaptive filter
- short-wavelength cutoff filter
- shunt m-derived filter
- signal-flow-graph filter
- signal-separation filter
- single-sideband filter
- slope filter
- slot filter
- slotted filter
- smoothing filter
- solid organic-dye filter
- solid-state filter
- sound-effect filter
- spatial filter
- spatial frequency filter
- spatial median filter
- spin-wave filter
- stacked crystal filter
- state-variable filter
- strip-line filter
- superconducting filter
- surface-acoustic-wave filter
- surface-wave chirp filter
- surface-wave comb filter
- swept filter
- switched-capacitor filter
- systolic filter
- tapped-delay-line filter
- tee filter
- temporal median filter
- thin-film filter
- thin-metal-film filter
- through filter
- time-dependent filter
- time-invariant filter
- time-varying filter
- tracking filter
- transmission filter
- transmission-line filter
- transparency filter
- transversal filter
- T-section filter
- tunable filter
- tuned filter
- twin-T filter
- two-dimensional filter
- two-dimensional median filter
- two-port filter
- ultraviolet filter
- unvoiced filter
- UV filter
- variable filter
- velocity filter
- vestigial-sideband filter
- voice filter
- voltage-controlled variable-bandwidth filter
- wave filter
- waveguide filter
- weighted filter
- whitening filter
- wide-angle filter
- wide-band filter
- wide-cut filter
- Wiener filter
- Wratten filter
- YIG filter
- yttrium-iron garnet filter
- zero-memory filterThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > filter
-
46 below
below [bɪˈləʊ]1. prepositiona. ( = under) sous ; ( = lower than) au-dessous de2. adverb• below, we could see the valley en bas, on apercevait la vallée• several thousand feet below (from mountain top) plusieurs milliers de mètres plus bas ; (from aeroplane) plusieurs milliers de mètres au-dessousb. ( = downstairs) en basd. ( = below zero) au-dessous• it will be extremely cold, with temperatures at zero or below il fera très froid, avec des températures tombant à zéro ou au-dessous* * *Note: When below is used as a preposition to talk about the physical position of something, it is most often translated by au-dessous de: the apartment below mine = l'appartement au-dessous du mien; below the knee = au-dessous du genouThe most notable exceptions are for the expressions below the ground and below the surface, when sous is used: sous le sol, sous la surfaceFor other prepositional uses of below and for adverbial uses see the entry below[bɪ'ləʊ] 1.1) ( under) en dessous dethe valley below them/you etc — la vallée en contrebas
2) ( less than) en dessous de, inférieur àbelow 10% — en dessous de or inférieur à 10%
3) ( in rank)those below the rank of Major — Military les militaires qui sont au-dessous du grade de major
4) ( south of) au sud de, au-dessous de; ( downstream from) en aval de5) ( unworthy of) beneath 1. 22.the people/cars (down) below — les gens/voitures en bas
-
47 Scratch
I 1. [skrætʃ]1) (wound) graffio m., graffiatura f.2) (on metal, furniture, record, glass) graffio m., riga f.to have a scratch — grattarsi, darsi una grattata
4) (sound) stridio m., (il) grattare5) colloq.6) (zero)7) sport scratch m., linea f. di partenza2.1) [ team] raccogliticcio, improvvisato; [ golfer] improvvisato; [ meal] improvvisato, fatto alla meglio2) inform. [ file] temporaneoII 1. [skrætʃ]5) (react to itch) grattare [ spot]to scratch one's head — grattarsi la testa; fig. essere perplesso, mostrare perplessità
6) (damage) rigare, graffiare [car, record]; graffiare, scalfire [ wood]; [ cat] farsi le unghie su [ furniture]7) sport ritirare da una gara [ competitor]2.1) (relieve itch) [ person] grattarsi2) (inflict injury) [person, cat] graffiare3.••* * *[skræ ] 1. verb1) (to mark or hurt by drawing a sharp point across: The cat scratched my hand; How did you scratch your leg?; I scratched myself on a rose bush.) graffiare2) (to rub to relieve itching: You should try not to scratch insect bites.) grattare3) (to make by scratching: He scratched his name on the rock with a sharp stone.) incidere4) (to remove by scratching: She threatened to scratch his eyes out.) cavare5) (to withdraw from a game, race etc: That horse has been scratched.) ritirare2. noun1) (a mark, injury or sound made by scratching: covered in scratches; a scratch at the door.) graffio; stridore2) (a slight wound: I hurt myself, but it's only a scratch.) graffio3) (in certain races or competitions, the starting point for people with no handicap or advantage.) (linea di partenza)•- scratchy- scratchiness
- scratch the surface
- start from scratch
- up to scratch* * *[skrætʃ]1. n1) (mark) graffio, graffiaturawithout a scratch — (unharmed) illeso (-a), senza un graffio
2)I heard a scratch at the door — ho sentito grattare alla porta3)to start from scratch fig — cominciare or partire da zero
his work wasn't or didn't come up to scratch — il suo lavoro non è stato all'altezza
2. vt1) (gen) graffiare, (one's name) inciderewe've barely scratched the surface — (fig: of problem, topic) l'abbiamo appena sfiorato
2) (to relieve itch) grattare3) (cancel: meeting, game) Comput cancellare, (cross off list: horse, competitor) eliminare3. vi•* * *Scratch /skrætʃ/n.* * *I 1. [skrætʃ]1) (wound) graffio m., graffiatura f.2) (on metal, furniture, record, glass) graffio m., riga f.to have a scratch — grattarsi, darsi una grattata
4) (sound) stridio m., (il) grattare5) colloq.6) (zero)7) sport scratch m., linea f. di partenza2.1) [ team] raccogliticcio, improvvisato; [ golfer] improvvisato; [ meal] improvvisato, fatto alla meglio2) inform. [ file] temporaneoII 1. [skrætʃ]5) (react to itch) grattare [ spot]to scratch one's head — grattarsi la testa; fig. essere perplesso, mostrare perplessità
6) (damage) rigare, graffiare [car, record]; graffiare, scalfire [ wood]; [ cat] farsi le unghie su [ furniture]7) sport ritirare da una gara [ competitor]2.1) (relieve itch) [ person] grattarsi2) (inflict injury) [person, cat] graffiare3.•• -
48 rate
скорость, быстрота; темп; интенсивность; вертикальная скорость; частота ( событий) ; норма, степень; балл; производительность; ( секундный) расход (жидкости, газа) ; стоимость ( билета) ; классифицировать, (под)разделять на категории; оценивать. rate of roll-out — угловая скорость крена при выводе (из разворота)
accelerate the rate of roll — увеличивать угловую скорость крена [вращения вокруг продольной оси]
aircraft operational readiness rate — процент [количество] боеготовых самолётов в подразделении
autopilot-induced rate of roll — угловая скорость крена, создаваемая автопилотом
break a rate of descent — прекращать снижение, резко уменьшать вертикальную скорость снижения
control surface (movement) rate — угловая скорость отклонения руля [поверхности управления]
cumulative aircraft accident rate — суммарный коэффициент аварийности (среднее число лётных происшествий за месяц, квартал или год)
diffusion limited recession rate — скорость уноса массы, ограниченная диффузией
jet engine base maintenance return rate — процент возврата в строй неисправных реактивных двигателей после ремонта в условиях аэродрома базирования
pilot's instrument scanning rate — быстрота обзора [считывания показаний] приборов лётчиком
radar altimeter sinking rate — измеренная радиолокационным высотомером вертикальная скорость снижения
rate of altimeter unwinding — скорость потери высоты по высотомеру; быстрота уменьшения показаний высотомера
rate of approach to the stall — скорость приближения к срыву [сваливанию]
rate of discharge ( — секундный) расход выходящих газов [вытекающей жидкости]
rate of heat loss — скорость теплоотдачи [отвода тепла]
rate of increase of incidence — Бр. быстрота увеличения угла атаки
rate of part consumption — быстрота износа [расходования] частей [деталей]
sea level rate of climb — скороподъёмность на уровне моря [у земли]
shutdown rate of the engines — частота отказов [отключений] двигателей
stall recovery pitch rate — угловая скорость тангажа для вывода из режима срыва [сваливания]
stop the sink rate — прекращать снижение, уменьшать вертикальную скорость снижения
-
49 ground
I 1. [graʊnd]1) (surface underfoot) suolo m., terreno m., terra f.to throw sth. on the ground — buttare qcs. in o a terra
to fall to the ground — cadere in o a terra
to pick sth. up off the ground — raccogliere qcs. da terra
to get off the ground — [ plane] decollare; fig. [ idea] decollare, prendere piede
to get sth. off the ground — fare decollare, mettere in moto [plan, campaign]
above, below (the) ground — in superficie, sottoterra
to prepare, clear the ground — preparare, sgombrare il terreno (anche fig.)
2) (area, territory) terreno m., territorio m. (anche fig.)to cover a lot of ground — fare molta strada; fig. andare molto avanti, trattare molti argomenti
to break fresh o new ground fare importanti scoperte, aprire nuove strade (by o in doing facendo); to be sure of one's ground essere sicuro del fatto proprio o di ciò che si fa e si dice; on dangerous ground (in discussion) su un terreno minato; (in dealings) in una posizione delicata; on safe ground — sul sicuro
3) sport terreno m., campo m.4) (reason) motivo m., fondamento m., ragione f. (anche dir.)5) fig. (in contest)to gain ground — guadagnare terreno (on, over su, nei confronti di)
to lose ground — perdere terreno (to nei confronti di)
to give ground cedere terreno; to make up lost ground recuperare il terreno perduto; to hold o stand (one's) ground tenere duro, non cedere; to shift one's ground — cambiare la propria posizione o le carte in tavola
6) AE el. terra f., massa f.7) art. campo m., sfondo m.2.1) (of house) terreno m.sing., terreni m.private grounds — terreni privati, proprietà privata
2) (reasons)grounds for — motivi per o di [divorce, criticism, hope]
grounds for doing — motivi o ragioni per fare
to have grounds for complaint — avere motivo o ragione di lamentarsi
on (the) grounds of — a causa di, in ragione di [adultery, negligence]
on compassionate grounds — per motivi personali o familiari
••to be thin on the ground — essercene pochissimi, essere più unico che raro
to go to ground — rintanarsi, nascondersi
to run sb., sth. to ground — scovare o stanare qcn., qcs.
II [graʊnd]to run o drive oneself into the ground ammazzarsi o sfiancarsi di lavoro; it suits me down to the ground — mi si addice perfettamente, è perfetto per le mie esigenze
2) mar. fare arenare, fare incagliare [ vessel] (on in)3) (base)to ground sth. on o in — basare o fondare qcs. su
5) AE el. mettere a terra, a massaIII 1. [graʊnd] 2.aggettivo [coffee, pepper] macinato* * *past tense, past participle; = grind* * *ground (1) /graʊnd/A pass. e p. p. di to grindB a.1 macinato; frantumato; tritato; in polvere: ground coffee, caffè macinato; ground rice, riso in polvere2 affilato; arrotato3 (mecc.) rettificato; molato; smerigliato: ground glass, vetro smerigliato; ( anche) polvere di vetro♦ ground (2) /graʊnd/A n.1 [u] terreno; (spec. USA) terra; suolo: to till the ground, coltivare la terra; to fall to the ground, cadere a terra2 [u] terreno; posizione; territorio: ( anche fig.) to gain ground, guadagnar terreno; These ideas are gaining ground, queste idee guadagnano terreno; ( anche fig.) to lose (o to give) ground, perdere terreno3 terreno ( di gioco, ecc.); campo: a hunting ground, un terreno di caccia; football ground, stadio di calcio; sports ground, campo sportivo; recreation ground, campo giochi; hospital grounds, terreno alberato che circonda un ospedale; neutral ground, campo neutro; hallowed ground, terreno consacrato5 [cu] fondamento; causa; motivo; ragione: He resigned on moral grounds, si è dimesso per ragioni d'ordine morale; (leg.) grounds for divorce, motivi per concedere (o ottenere) il divorzio6 campo; fondo; sfondo: a design of red flowers on a blue ground, un disegno di fiori rossi su campo azzurro7 [u] terreno, campo (fig.); posizione; argomento; punto: common ground, terreno comune; punto su cui ci si trova d'accordo; Let's go over the ground again, torniamo sull'argomento!; to stand one's ground, tenere la propria posizione; tener duro; non deflettere; (fig.) to be on one's own ground, conoscere bene l'argomento; essere a proprio agio (fig.); giocare in casa (fig. fam.); (fig.) to be on familiar ground, trovarsi a proprio agio (o nel proprio elemento)8 (elettr.) terra; massa11 (pitt.) mano di fondo; imprimitura12 [u] (geol.) roccia; matrice rocciosaB a. attr.2 (elettr.) di massa, di terra; a terra, a massa● ground-air, (mil.) aeroterrestre; (miss.) terra-aria □ ground angling, pesca di fondo ( con la lenza: senza galleggiante) □ (bot.) ground ash, giovane frassino; bastoncino di frassino □ (mil.) ground attack, attacco da terra (o terrestre) □ (mus.) ground bass, basso ostinato □ (ind. costr.) ground beam, dormiente □ ground-breaking, che innova; innovatore; pionieristico □ (elettr.) ground cable, conduttore di terra □ ( USA) ground cloth ► groundsheet □ ground colour, prima mano di vernice; colore di fondo □ (aeron.) ground control, radioguida da terra □ (aeron.) ground controller, controllore di volo; controllore al suolo □ ground cover, tappeto vegetale; sottobosco □ (aeron.) ground crew, personale di terra ( in un aeroporto) □ (aeron.) ground effect, effetto suolo □ ground-effect machine, veicolo a cuscino d'aria; veicolo a effetto suolo □ (bot.) ground elder ( Aegopodium podagraria), podagraria □ (ind. costr.) ground exploration, esame geologico ( di un'area fabbricabile, ecc.) □ ground fish, pesce che vive sul fondo □ ground floor, pianterreno: (fig.) to be [to get] in on the ground floor, essere [entrare] in un'impresa (o un affare) fin dall'inizio □ ground fog, nebbia bassa □ (meteor.) ground frost, gelata ( a zero gradi C o sotto zero) □ ground game, selvaggina minuta ( esclusi i volatili) □ (zool.) ground-gudgeon ( Cobitis barbatula), pesce barometro □ (bot.) ground ivy ( Nepeta hederacea), edera terrestre □ (zool.) ground hair, (peli di) borra ( i più corti e morbidi della pelliccia dei mammiferi) □ (equit.) ground jury, giuria di campo □ (leg.) ground lessee, titolare del diritto di superficie; superficiario □ (leg.) ground lessor, proprietario del suolo che cede il diritto di superficie □ (naut.) ground log, solcometro di fondo □ (naut.) ground mine, mina da fondo □ (mus.) ground note, nota dominante □ (bot.) ground pine, ( Ajuga chamaepitys) camepizio; ( Lycopodium clavatum) licopodio, muschio clavato □ ground plan, pianta del piano terreno ( d'un edificio); (fig.) schema di base; progetto di massima □ ( lotta) ground position, posizione a terra □ (med.) ground practice, poliambulatorio □ (leg.) ground rent, canone pagato ( di solito, per 99 anni) per un suolo ceduto in proprietà superficiaria □ (fig.) ground rule, regola di base; principio □ (aeron.) ground speed, velocità rispetto al suolo; velocità effettiva □ (zool.) ground squirrel ( Sciuridae), sciuride (spec. marmotta) □ ground staff, (aeron.) personale di terra ( in un aeroporto); ( sport) personale addetto alla manutenzione del campo □ (fis.) ground state, stato fondamentale □ (mil., aeron.) ground strafing, attacco a volo radente □ ( tennis) ground stroke, diritto, rovescio ( qualsiasi tiro effettuato dopo il rimbalzo della palla) □ (mil.) ground-to-air missile, missile terra-aria □ (mil.) ground-to-ground missile, missile terra-terra □ (mil.) ground war, guerra terrestre □ (geol.) ground water, acqua freatica, acque sotterranee □ ground-water level, livello freatico □ ground-water table, falda freatica, falda idrica □ ( radio) ground wave, onda di superficie □ ground wire, (elettr.) filo di messa a terra; (edil.) filo di guida □ (fis. nucl., mil.) ground zero, punto zero □ (fig.) above ground, ancora al mondo; vivo □ (fig.) below ground, sottoterra; morto e sepolto □ to break ground, (agric.) dissodare terreno vergine; (ind. costr.) iniziare i lavori di scavo; (fig.) preparare il terreno □ (fig.) to break fresh (o new) ground ► to break □ to cover much ground, fare molta strada, percorrere una lunga distanza; (fig.) trattare molti argomenti □ (fig.) to cut the ground from under sb. 's feet, far mancare il terreno sotto i piedi a q. □ (fig. fam.) down to the ground, alla perfezione; a pennello: That suits me down to the ground!, questo mi va a pennello! □ (fig.) to fall to the ground, andare in fumo; andare a monte; fallire □ fishing grounds, zone di pesca □ forbidden ground, terreno proibito; (fig.) argomento da evitarsi □ ( anche fig.) to gain ground, guadagnare terreno □ high ground, altura □ (fig.) to hold (o to keep) one's ground, restare sulle proprie posizioni; mantenere il proprio punto di vista; non deflettere; non cedere □ (aeron.) on the ground, a terra ( non in volo) □ on the grounds of, a causa di; per motivi di □ (fig.) to be on safe ground, andare sul sicuro; trattare un argomento che si conosce bene □ (fig.) to shift one's own ground, mutare la propria posizione ( in una discussione, ecc.); cambiare idea □ (naut.) to strike ground, arenarsi; incagliarsi sul fondo □ (fig.) to touch ground, venire al sodo.(to) ground /graʊnd/A v. t.1 (naut.) fare arenare; fare incagliare2 (aeron.) tenere a terra; costringere a restare a terra; impedire il decollo a: The airplane was grounded owing to thick fog, l'aereo è stato costretto a restare a terra per la fitta nebbia3 basare; fondare; motivare: Ground your claims on fact, motiva i tuoi reclami con elementi concreti4 ( anche sport) mettere a terra; posare per terra; mettere giù; mandare a terra, atterrare: to ground the ball, mettere a terra il pallone; ( calcio) to ground one's opponent, atterrare l'avversario5 dare le basi a (q.); istruire nei primi elementi: I want to ground them in modern physics, voglio istruirli nei primi elementi della fisica moderna8 (elettr.) mettere a terra; collegare a massaB v. i.● (mil.) Ground arms!, pied'arm!* * *I 1. [graʊnd]1) (surface underfoot) suolo m., terreno m., terra f.to throw sth. on the ground — buttare qcs. in o a terra
to fall to the ground — cadere in o a terra
to pick sth. up off the ground — raccogliere qcs. da terra
to get off the ground — [ plane] decollare; fig. [ idea] decollare, prendere piede
to get sth. off the ground — fare decollare, mettere in moto [plan, campaign]
above, below (the) ground — in superficie, sottoterra
to prepare, clear the ground — preparare, sgombrare il terreno (anche fig.)
2) (area, territory) terreno m., territorio m. (anche fig.)to cover a lot of ground — fare molta strada; fig. andare molto avanti, trattare molti argomenti
to break fresh o new ground fare importanti scoperte, aprire nuove strade (by o in doing facendo); to be sure of one's ground essere sicuro del fatto proprio o di ciò che si fa e si dice; on dangerous ground (in discussion) su un terreno minato; (in dealings) in una posizione delicata; on safe ground — sul sicuro
3) sport terreno m., campo m.4) (reason) motivo m., fondamento m., ragione f. (anche dir.)5) fig. (in contest)to gain ground — guadagnare terreno (on, over su, nei confronti di)
to lose ground — perdere terreno (to nei confronti di)
to give ground cedere terreno; to make up lost ground recuperare il terreno perduto; to hold o stand (one's) ground tenere duro, non cedere; to shift one's ground — cambiare la propria posizione o le carte in tavola
6) AE el. terra f., massa f.7) art. campo m., sfondo m.2.1) (of house) terreno m.sing., terreni m.private grounds — terreni privati, proprietà privata
2) (reasons)grounds for — motivi per o di [divorce, criticism, hope]
grounds for doing — motivi o ragioni per fare
to have grounds for complaint — avere motivo o ragione di lamentarsi
on (the) grounds of — a causa di, in ragione di [adultery, negligence]
on compassionate grounds — per motivi personali o familiari
••to be thin on the ground — essercene pochissimi, essere più unico che raro
to go to ground — rintanarsi, nascondersi
to run sb., sth. to ground — scovare o stanare qcn., qcs.
II [graʊnd]to run o drive oneself into the ground ammazzarsi o sfiancarsi di lavoro; it suits me down to the ground — mi si addice perfettamente, è perfetto per le mie esigenze
2) mar. fare arenare, fare incagliare [ vessel] (on in)3) (base)to ground sth. on o in — basare o fondare qcs. su
5) AE el. mettere a terra, a massaIII 1. [graʊnd] 2.aggettivo [coffee, pepper] macinato -
50 vehicle
средство передвижения; транспортное средство; подвижное средство; боевая машина, БМ; летательный аппарат, ЛА; см. тж. car, truckair cushion landing vehicle, assault — десантно-высадочное средство на воздушной подушке; десантный АВП
armored cavalry (assault) vehicle — бронированная разведывательная машина, БРМ
armoured vehicle, RE — Бр. саперный танк
assault vehicle, RE — Бр. десантно-высадочное средство инженерных войск
AT (guided) missile launch vehicle — БМ для пуска ПТУР; самоходный ПТРК
C2 vehicle — машина управления (войсками); (командно-) штабная машина
double air cushion vehicle, assault — десантный корабль на двойной воздушной подушке
landing vehicle, assault — десантно-высадочное средство; плавающий БТР на воздушной подушке
landing vehicle, hydrofoil — десантный КПК
landing vehicle, tank, engineer — десантный саперный танк
landing vehicle, track, armored — десантный (плавающий) гусеничный БТР
landing vehicle, track, covered — крытый десантный плавающий гусеничный транспортер
landing vehicle, tracked, engineer — десант ная гусеничная инженерная машина
landing vehicle, tracked, heavy — тяжелый десантный плавающий гусеничный транспортер
landing vehicle, tracked, howitzer — десантная гусеничная гаубичная СУ
landing vehicle, tracked, personnel — десантная гусеничная машина для ЛС
landing vehicle, tracked, recovery — десантная гусеничная ремонтно-эвакуационная машина
mine-clearing vehicle, flail-type — танк [танковый тягач] с бойковым тралом
mine-clearing vehicle, plow-pushing — танк [танковый тягач] с передним плужным минным тралом
mine-clearing vehicle, roller — танк [танковый тягач] с Катковым минным тралом
terminally guided (maneuvering) reentry vehicle — ркт. маневрирующая ГЧ с наведением на конечном участке траектории
— administrative use vehicle— bacteriological bomb vehicle— boost-glide reentry vehicle— flamethrower vehicle— ground-supported vehicle— launcher vehicle— logistical air vehicle— logistical vehicle— maintenance assistance vehicle— MarineCorps landing vehicle— oversize load vehicle— ship-to-shore assault vehicle— support armored vehicle— topographic surveying vehicle— troop-carryingair vehicle— wader-swimmer combat vehicle -
51 below
below [bɪ'ləʊ]∎ the flat below ours l'appartement au-dessous ou en dessous du nôtre;∎ her skirt came to below her knees sa jupe lui descendait au-dessous du genou;∎ below the surface sous la surface;∎ below (the) ground sous (la) terre;∎ below sea level au-dessous du niveau de la mer;∎ below the surface sous la surface(b) (inferior to) au-dessous de, inférieur à;∎ temperatures below zero des températures au-dessous de ou inférieures à zéro;∎ his grades are below average ses notes sont au-dessous de ou inférieures à la moyenne;∎ below the poverty line en dessous du seuil de pauvreté;∎ children below the age of five des enfants de moins de cinq ans;∎ the rank is just below that of general le rang est juste au-dessous de celui d'un général(c) (downstream of) en aval de(d) (south of) au sud de2 adverb(a) (in lower place, on lower level) en dessous, plus bas;∎ we looked down onto the town below nous contemplions la ville à nos pieds;∎ down below in the valley en bas dans la vallée;∎ the flat below l'appartement d'en dessous ou du dessous;∎ he could hear two men talking below il entendait deux hommes parler en bas;∎ seen from below vu d'en bas;∎ the title came first with her name immediately below le titre apparaissait en premier avec son nom juste en dessous;∎ archaic or literary here below (on earth) ici-bas(b) (with numbers, quantities) moins;∎ familiar it was twenty below il faisait moins vingt;∎ children of five and below les enfants de cinq ans et moins∎ see below voir plus bas ou ci-dessous;∎ the address given below l'adresse mentionnée ci-dessous∎ to go below descendre dans l'entrepont;∎ she went below to her cabin elle est descendue à sa cabine -
52 time
1. время, продолжительность; период; срок || рассчитывать по времени; отмечать время; хронометрировать2. такт; темпtime of running in — время, требуемое на спуск бурового инструмента
wait on plastic time — время ожидания затвердевания пластмассы (при тампонировании скважины полимерами) (до получения прочности, равной 7 МПа)
— in unit time— rig time— set time
* * *
1. время; период; момент; срок; продолжительность2. наработкаmean time between complaints — среднее время между рекламациями; средняя наработка на рекламацию
time to repair completion — время до завершения ремонта;
— bad time
* * *
время; продолжительность; темп; такт
* * *
время, момент
* * *
1) время; период; момент; срок; продолжительность2) наработка•time at shot point — сейсм. вертикальное время;
time between defects — наработка между появлениями дефектов;
time between failures — наработка между отказами;
time between maintenance actions — наработка между операциями технического обслуживания;
time between overhauls — межремонтный срок службы; наработка между капитальными ремонтами;
time between repairs — межремонтный срок службы; наработка между ремонтами;
time between tests — время между испытаниями;
time on bottom — продолжительность нахождения инструмента в забое;
time on trip — время на спуско-подъёмные операции;
time since circulation — интервал времени между остановкой циркуляции бурового раствора и началом каротажа;
time since overhaul — наработка после капитального ремонта;
time to damage — наработка до повреждения;
time to failure — наработка до отказа;
time to first system failure — наработка до первого отказа системы;
time to locate a failure — время до обнаружения местонахождения неисправности;
time to repair — наработка до ремонта;
time to repair completion — время до завершения ремонта;
time to restore — наработка до восстановления;
- time of arrivaltime to system failure — наработка до отказа системы;
- time of ascend
- time of echo
- time of flight
- time of running-in
- time of service
- time of setting
- time transit
- active maintenance time
- active repair time
- active technician time
- actual casing cutting time
- actual drilling time
- administrative time
- alert time
- arrival time
- attendance time
- available time
- average time between maintenance
- average mooring time
- awaiting repair time
- bad time
- Barnaby time
- bedrock-reflection time
- bit time off-bottom
- bit time on-bottom
- bit run time
- boring time
- break time
- breakdown time
- casing-fluid decay time
- cement setting time
- cementing time
- changing time
- charging-up time
- circulation cycle time
- closed-in time
- composite delay time
- connection time
- coring time
- corrected travel time
- corrective maintenance time
- critical fault clearing time
- critical ray time
- cutting-in time
- datum-corrected time
- dead time
- delay technician time
- discharge time
- down time
- drainage time
- drilling time
- drilling time per bit
- drilling bit changing time
- effective repair time
- elapsed maintenance time
- end-to-end time
- engineering time
- equal travel time
- equipment repair time
- estimated time of repair
- estimated mean time to failure
- estimated repair time
- etching time
- expected time to first failure
- expected time to repair
- expected test time
- exponential failure time
- failed time
- failure time
- failure-detection time
- failure-free time
- failure-reaction time
- fault time
- fault-detection time
- fault-free time
- fault-inception time
- fill-up time
- filling time
- filtration time
- final cement setting time
- final setting time
- final test time
- first-arrival time
- first-break time
- first-event time
- fishing time
- flush time
- forward time
- general repair time
- geological time
- geometrical ray-path time
- geophone time
- ghost travel time
- gross drilling time
- guarantee time
- half-intercept time
- head-wave arrival time
- high-velocity time
- horizon time
- in-commission time
- infinite closed-in time
- infusion time
- initial setting time
- intercept time
- interfailure time
- interpolated time
- interrepair time
- interval time
- interval transit time
- jelling time
- lag time
- least travel time
- localization time
- lost time
- maintenance time
- makeup time
- malfunction repair time
- maximum repair time
- mean time
- mean time between complaints
- mean time between defects
- mean time between detectable failures
- mean time between malfunctions
- mean time between unscheduled removals
- mean time of repair
- mean time to crash
- mean time to diagnosis
- mean time to first failure
- mean time to isolate
- mean time to maintenance
- mean time to removal
- mean time to repair failures
- mean time to replacement
- mean time to restore
- mean time to return to service
- mean time to unscheduled removal
- mean corrective maintenance time
- mean diagnostic time
- mean maintenance time
- mean operating time
- mean repair time
- mean up time
- measured travel time
- median time to failure
- median maintenance time
- minimum time to repair
- mooring time
- moveout time
- moving time
- mud-path correction time
- net time on-bottom
- net drilling time
- nipple-down time
- nipple-up time
- nonactive maintenance time
- nonfailure operation time
- nonproductive rig time
- nonscheduled maintenance time
- normal arrival time
- observed travel time
- off-stream time
- oil field development time
- oil production time
- on-bottom time
- one-way time
- one-way travel time
- operating time
- operating time between failures
- operational use time
- out-of-commission time
- overall time
- overhaul time
- pipe abandoning time
- pipe recovery time
- pool formation time
- pressure build-up time
- pressure readjustment time
- preventive maintenance time
- production time
- productive time
- productive rig time
- propagation time
- proving time
- pulling-out time
- pulse time of arrival
- pumpability time
- pump-down time
- pumping time
- putting on production time
- raw time
- ray-path time
- readiness time
- ready time
- reciprocal time
- reciprocating time
- record time
- reflection arrival time
- reflection travel time
- refraction break time
- refraction travel time
- rejection operating time
- removal time
- repair time per failure
- repair-and-servicing time
- repair-delay time
- repair-to-repair time
- replacement time
- required time of operation
- residual time
- reversed time
- rig time
- rig-down time
- rig-up time
- round-trip time
- round-up time
- routine maintenance time
- running-in time
- sample deformation time
- scheduled engineering time
- scheduled operating time
- search time
- second-event time
- seismic interval time
- seismic record time
- service time
- service adequacy time
- servicing time
- setting time
- setting-up time
- setup time
- shooting time
- shot-hole time
- shot-to-receiver time
- shut-in time
- spending time
- standby time
- standby unattended time
- station time
- step-out time
- supplementary maintenance time
- surface-to-surface time
- survival time
- tank emptying time
- tear-down time
- technician delay time
- thickening time of cement
- total time on test
- total gaging time
- total maintenance time
- total path time
- total rig time
- total technician time
- transit time
- traveling time
- trip time
- troubleshooting time
- turnaround time
- turnover time
- two-way travel time
- unproductive time
- uphole time
- uphole-shooting time
- usable time
- vertical path time
- vertical travel time
- vibration time
- wait-before-repair time
- waiting-on-cement time
- waiting-on-plastic time
- water-break time
- wave arrival time
- wave transit time
- wave traveling time
- wavefront time
- wear-out time
- weathering time
- well building time
- well drilling time
- well shut-in time
- zero-offset arrival time
- zero-offset travel time
- zero-spread time* * *• момент -
53 state
1) состояние (1. форма и способ существования объекта или системы объектов 2. классифицирующая характеристика формы и способа существования объекта или системы объектов 3. накопленная информация; предыстория; память 4. вчт текущий символ из последовательности; величина, оказывающая влияние на последующие события 5. (энергетическое) состояние; (энергетический) уровень) || приводить в (определённое) состояние2) положение; ранг; уровень4) формулировать (напр. проблему); поставить (напр. задачу)5) утверждать; высказывать; выражать; излагать6) заявлять; сообщать•- accessible statestate of the art — современное состояние (напр. науки); передовой уровень (напр. технологии); последние достижения ||современный (напр. о науке); передовой (напр. о технологии); относящийся к последним достижениям
- active state
- admissible state
- allowed state
- all-zero state
- amplifying state
- antiferroelectric state
- antiferromagnetic state
- asymptotic state
- authorized state
- balance state
- band-gap state
- bistable magnetization state
- blocking state
- bound states
- brain state in a-box
- bubble state
- cache wait states
- charge state
- charge storage state
- cellular state
- code state
- coherent state
- command state
- conducting state
- correlated state
- critical state
- current state
- current-carrying state
- cutoff state
- deep state
- deep-lying state
- degenerate state
- demagnetized state
- determined state
- DMA wait states
- domain-wall state
- donor impurity state
- dopant-induced state
- dynamically demagnetized state
- E-state
- effective-surface state
- electretic state
- emergency state
- empty state
- energy state
- entangled states
- even state
- exchange-split state
- excited state
- exciton state
- exciton-magnon state
- exclusive state
- fast state
- ferrimagnetic state
- ferroelectric state
- ferromagnetic state
- ferron state
- filled state
- finite state
- forbidden state
- forward blocking state
- frozen state
- ground state
- high-impedance state
- high-Z state
- hyperfine state
- I-state
- idle state
- impurity state
- initial state
- inner state
- instance state
- instantaneous state
- in-sync state
- interface state
- intermediate state
- invalid state
- I/O wait states
- logic state
- M-state
- magnetized state
- matched momentum states
- memory state
- memory read wait states
- memory write wait states
- metaequilibrium state
- metastable state
- midgap state
- minimum uncertainty state
- mixed state
- modified state
- nodal state
- noncollinear spin state
- nondegenerate state
- nonsteady state
- normal state
- occupied state
- odd state
- off state
- on state
- one state
- orthogonal states
- passive state
- plasma state
- polarization state
- polarization state for field vector
- poled state
- position state
- predissociating state
- problem state
- process state
- quantized flux state
- quantum state
- quasi-stationary state
- qubit state
- quiescent state
- realizable state
- remanent state
- resource state
- reverse blocking state
- reverse conducting state
- S-state
- saturation state
- Schubnikov state
- shallow state
- shallow-lying state
- shared state
- single-domain state
- sleep state
- slow state
- solid state
- space-charge-limited-current state
- stable state
- statically demagnetized state
- stationary state
- steady state
- superconducting state
- supervisor state
- surface state
- tachyon state
- terminal state
- thermodynamic equilibrium state
- threshold state
- tip of the tongue state
- transient state
- trapped-plasma state
- trapping state
- unbound states
- unfilled state
- unmarked state
- unoccupied state
- unpoled state
- unstable state
- user state
- vacant state
- virtual state
- wait state
- Z-state
- zero state
- zero wait state -
54 state
1) состояние (1. форма и способ существования объекта или системы объектов 2. классифицирующая характеристика формы и способа существования объекта или системы объектов 3. накопленная информация; предыстория; память 4. вчт. текущий символ из последовательности; величина, оказывающая влияние на последующие события5. (энергетическое) состояние; (энергетический) уровень) || приводить в (определённое) состояние2) положение; ранг; уровень4) формулировать (напр. проблему); поставить (напр. задачу)5) утверждать; высказывать; выражать; излагать6) заявлять; сообщать•- accessible statestate of the art — современное состояние (напр. науки); передовой уровень (напр. технологии); последние достижения || современный (напр. о науке); передовой (напр. о технологии); относящийся к последним достижениям
- active state
- admissible state
- allowed state
- all-zero state
- amplifying state
- antiferroelectric state
- antiferromagnetic state
- asymptotic state
- authorized state
- balance state
- band-gap state
- bistable magnetization state
- blocking state
- bound states
- brain state in a box
- bubble state
- cache wait states
- cellular state
- charge state
- charge storage state
- code state
- coherent state
- command state
- conducting state
- correlated state
- critical state
- current state
- current-carrying state
- cutoff state
- deep state
- deep-lying state
- degenerate state
- demagnetized state
- determined state
- DMA wait states
- domain-wall state
- donor impurity state
- dopant-induced state
- dynamically demagnetized state
- E state
- effective-surface state
- electretic state
- emergency state
- empty state
- energy state
- entangled states
- even state
- exchange-split state
- excited state
- exciton state
- exciton-magnon state
- exclusive state
- fast state
- ferrimagnetic state
- ferroelectric state
- ferromagnetic state
- ferron state
- filled state
- finite state
- forbidden state
- forward blocking state
- frozen state
- ground state
- high-impedance state
- high-Z state
- hyperfine state
- I state
- I/O wait states
- idle state
- impurity state
- initial state
- inner state
- instance state
- instantaneous state
- in-sync state
- interface state
- intermediate state
- invalid state
- logic state
- M state
- magnetized state
- matched momentum states
- memory read wait states
- memory state
- memory write wait states
- metaequilibrium state
- metastable state
- midgap state
- minimum uncertainty state
- mixed state
- modified state
- nodal state
- noncollinear spin state
- nondegenerate state
- nonsteady state
- normal state
- occupied state
- odd state
- off state
- on state
- one state
- orthogonal states
- passive state
- plasma state
- polarization state for field vector
- polarization state
- poled state
- position state
- predissociating state
- problem state
- process state
- quantized flux state
- quantum state
- quasi-stationary state
- qubit state
- quiescent state
- realizable state
- remanent state
- resource state
- reverse blocking state
- reverse conducting state
- S state
- saturation state
- Schubnikov state
- shallow state
- shallow-lying state
- shared state
- single-domain state
- sleep state
- slow state
- solid state
- space-charge-limited-current state
- stable state
- statically demagnetized state
- stationary state
- steady state
- superconducting state
- supervisor state
- surface state
- tachyon state
- terminal state
- thermodynamic equilibrium state
- threshold state
- tip of the tongue state
- transient state
- trapped-plasma state
- trapping state
- unbound states
- unfilled state
- unmarked state
- unoccupied state
- unpoled state
- unstable state
- user state
- vacant state
- virtual state
- wait state
- Z state
- zero state
- zero wait stateThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > state
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55 ground
I.ground1 [graʊnd]1. noun• to lie/sit on the ground se coucher/s'asseoir par terre• to run o.s. into the ground with work s'épuiser au travailc. ( = area for special purpose) terrain m2. plural nounb. ( = gardens) parc mc. ( = reason) motif m• there are grounds for believing that... il y a lieu de penser que...• the latest figures give us grounds for optimism les derniers chiffres nous permettent d'être optimistes• on personal/medical grounds pour (des) raisons personnelles/médicales• on what grounds? à quel titre ?• on the grounds that... en raison du fait que...a. [+ plane, pilot] interdire de voler à ; ( = keep on ground) retenir au solb. [+ teenager] (inf) priver de sortiec. [+ ship] faire s'échouer4. compounds• we can't change the ground rules at this stage on ne peut pas changer les règles du jeu maintenant ► ground staff noun personnel m au solII.ground2 [graʊnd]1. verbpast tense, past participle of grind2. adjective[coffee, spices] moulu3. compounds* * *[graʊnd] 1. 2.1) ( surface underfoot) sol m, terre fto get off the ground — [plane] décoller; fig [idea] prendre fig
to prepare the ground — fig ouvrir la voie ( for à)
to clear the ground — lit, fig déblayer le terrain
2) (area, territory) lit, fig terrain mto cover a lot of ground — lit faire beaucoup de chemin; fig avancer beaucoup
to break fresh ou new ground — innover
on dangerous ground — ( in discussion) sur un terrain miné; ( in dealings) dans une position délicate
3) gen, Sport ( for specific activity) terrain m4) ( reason) gen, Law motifs mpl, raisons fpl5) fig (in contest, discussion)to gain ground — gagner du terrain (on, over sur)
to lose ground — perdre du terrain (to au profit de)
to give ground — céder du terrain (to devant; on, over au niveau de)
to hold ou stand (one's) ground — tenir bon
to shift one's ground — fig changer son fusil d'épaule (on au sujet de)
6) US Electricity terre f7) Art fond m3.grounds plural noun1) (of house, institution) parc m (of de)private grounds — propriété f privée
2) ( reasons)grounds for — motifs de [divorce, criticism, hope]
4.on (the) grounds of — en raison de [cost, public interest]; pour cause de [adultery, negligence]
ground past participle adjective [coffee, pepper] moulu5.transitive verb1) Aviation immobiliser [aircraft]2) Nautical3) ( base)to ground something on ou in — fonder quelque chose sur
4) (colloq) ( keep in) priver [quelqu'un] de sortie5) US Electricity relier [quelque chose] à la terre••to run somebody/something to ground — dénicher (colloq) quelqu'un/quelque chose
to run ou drive oneself into the ground — s'user au travail
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56 scratch
scratch [skræt∫]1. noun• we've only managed to scratch the surface of the problem nous n'avons fait qu'effleurer le problème• to scratch o.s. se gratterc. [+ meeting, match] annuler ; (Computing) effacer ; [+ competitor] scratcher ; (US) [+ candidate] rayer de la liste4. compounds* * *[skrætʃ] 1.1) ( wound) gen égratignure f; (from a claw, fingernail) griffure f2) (on metal, furniture) éraflure f; (on record, disc, glass) rayure f3) ( to relieve an itch)4) ( sound) grattement m5) (colloq)he/his work is not up to scratch — il/son travail n'est pas à la hauteur
6) ( zero)7) Sport2.adjective [team] de fortune; [meal] improvisé3.transitive verb1) ( cancel) supprimer; effacer [file]2) ( trace)3) [cat, person] griffer; [thorns, rosebush] égratigner4) ( react to itch) gratterto scratch one's head — lit se gratter la tête; fig être perplexe
5) ( damage) gen érafler; rayer [record]; [cat] se faire les griffes sur [furniture]6) Sport retirer, scratcher4.1) ( relieve itch) se gratter2) ( inflict injury) griffer5.Phrasal Verbs:•• -
57 indicator
указатель, индикатор; прибор; стрелка ( прибора) ; ( визуальный) сигнализаторengine fuel flow indicator — расходомер двигателя, указатель расхода топлива двигателем
engine r.p.m. indicator — указатель числа оборотов [тахометр] двигателя
gross, cabin, and target altitude indicator — комбинированный указатель грубо отсчитываемой высоты полёта, «высоты» в кабине и высоты цели
heading-upward plan position indicator — рлк. индикатор кругового обзора, ориентированный по курсу ЛА
instantaneous vertical speed indicator — безынерционный вариометр, указатель мгновенной вертикальной скорости
intake spike position indicator — указатель положения иглы [конуса] воздухозаборника
leading-edge flaps position indicator — указатель положения носовых щитков [отклоняемых носков крыла]
north-stabilized plan position indicator — рлк. индикатор кругового обзора, ориентированный на север
north-upward plan position indicator — рлк. индикатор кругового обзора, ориентированный на север
off-center plan position indicator — рлк. индикатор кругового обзора со смещённым центром
offset plan position indicator — рлк. индикатор кругового обзора со смещённым центром
phase advance airspeed indicator — указатель воздушной скорости, измеряемой с опережением
r.p.m. indicator — указатель числа оборотов, тахометр
swivel boom airspeed indicator — указатель воздушной скорости, работающий от датчика давлений на поворотной выносной штанге
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58 parachute
парашют; парашютировать; спускаться на парашюте; сбрасывать ( груз) с парашютом; прыгать с парашютом, см. тж. chute -
59 lift
lift nподъемная сила(lift force, ascensional force, buoyancy, lifting power) actual liftфактическая подъемная силаaerodynamic liftаэродинамическая подъемная силаaerodynamic lifting surfaceаэродинамическая несущая поверхностьaerostatic liftаэростатическая подъемная силаair freight liftперевозка грузов по воздухуat zero liftпри нулевой подъемной силеaugmented lift system noiseшум от системы увеличения подъемной силыavailable liftрасполагаемая подъемная силаcenter liftцентр подъемной силыclass of liftкласс посадкиcreate liftсоздавать подъемную силуdirect lift control systemсистема управления подъемной силойengine lifting beamбалка крепления двигателяengine lifting deviceприспособление для подъема двигателяhigh lift configurationконфигурация при высокой подъемной силеliftподъемная сила(lift force, ascensional force, buoyancy, lifting power) lift an aircraft onвывешивать воздушное судноlift axisось подъемной силыlift capacityобъем воздушных перевозокlift coefficientкоэффициент подъемной силыlift componentсоставляющая подъемной силыlift devicesмеханизация крылаlift directionнаправление подъемной силыlift distributionраспределение подъемной силыlift dump deviceустройство для уменьшения подъемной силы крылаlift dumperгаситель подъемной силыlift fanвентилятор для создания подъемной силыlifting and transporting equipmentподъемно-транспортное оборудованиеlifting attachmentподъемное приспособлениеlifting bagпневматический подъемникlifting beamгрузоподъемная стрелаlifting capacityаэродинамическая грузоподъемностьlifting cloudsвосходящие облакаlifting planeнесущая поверхностьlifting propellerнесущий винтlifting surface areaнесущая поверхностьlifting tailplaneнесущее горизонтальное оперениеlifting vehicleлетательный аппаратlift jet engineподъемный реактивный двигательlift rangeдиапазон изменения подъемной силыlift restrictionsснимать ограниченияlift transducerдатчик подъемной силыlift wingнесущая расчалкаmargin of liftзапас подъемной силыnegative liftотрицательная подъемная силаproduce liftсоздавать подъемную силуrequired liftпотребная подъемная силаrotor liftподъемная сила несущего винтаwing liftподъемная сила крылаzero liftнулевая подъемная силаzero lift pointточка нулевой подъемной силы -
60 runway
runway n1. взлетно-посадочная полоса2. самопроизвольное отклонение active runwayдействующаяalign the aircraft with the runwayустанавливать воздушное судно по оси ВППall-service runwayВПП для эксплуатации любых типов воздушных судовasphaltic runway surfaceасфальтовое покрытие ВППautopilot runwayзаброс руля автопилотомavailable runway lengthрасполагаемая длина ВППbasic runway lengthбазовая длина ВППclear runway statusсостояние готовности ВПП к полетамclear the runwayосвобождать ВППclosed runwayзакрытая для эксплуатации ВППconcrete runwayбетонная ВППconcrete runway surfaceбетонное покрытие ВППcontaminate runwayзагрязненная ВППcross-sloped runwayВПП с поперечным уклономcrushed stone runway surfaceщебеночное покрытие ВППdamp runwayвлажная ВППdelimit the runwayобозначать границы ВППdelineate the runwayочерчивать границы ВППdirt runway surfaceгрунтовое покрытие ВППdisplaced runway thresholdсмещенный порог ВППdownhill runwayпокатая ВППdry runwayсухая ВППdry runway statusсухая ВППduty runwayдействующая ВППend of runwayначало ВППfavourable runway orientationнаиболее благоприятное направление ВППflooded runwayзалитая водой ВППfoam a runwayпокрывать ВПП пенойgrading of runwayнивелирование ВППgrass runway surfaceтравяное покрытие ВППgravel runway surfaceпокрытие ВПП из гравияgrooved runway surfaceрифленое покрытие ВППhard-surface runwayВПП с твердым покрытиемhave the runway in sightчетко видеть ВППhigh intensity runway lightsогни ВПП высокой интенсивностиhumped runwayвыпуклая ВППice-bound runwayобледеневшая ВППidle runwayзакрытая для полетов ВППinstrument runwayВПП, оборудованная для посадки по приборамlanding runwayВПП, открытая только для посадокleave the runwayосвобождать ВППmacadam runway surfaceцементно-щебеночное покрытие ВППmagnetic orientation of runwayориентировка ВПП по магнитному меридиануmain runwayосновная ВППmaintained runwayподготовленная для полетов ВППnoise preferential runwayпредпочтительная по уровню шума ВППnoninstrument runwayВПП, не оборудованная для посадки по приборамnonprecision approach runwayВПП, не оборудованная для точного захода на посадкуoperational runwayоткрытая для полетов ВППoverflying the runwayпролет над ВППoverrun the runwayвыкатываться за пределы ВППpassing over the runwayпролет над ВППpaved runwayВПП с искусственным покрытиемporous runway surfaceпористое покрытие ВППportion of a runwayучасток ВППprecipitation-covered runwayвлажная ВПП(после выпадения атмосферных осадков) precision approach runwayВПП, оборудованная для точного захода на посадкуprimary runwayосновная ВППregular runwayосновная действующая ВППrigid pavement runwayВПП с жестким покрытиемrising runway indicatorуказатель скорости снижения на ВППrun off the runwayвыкатываться за пределы ВППrunway acceptance rateпропускная способность ВППrunway access taxiwayрулежная дорожка у торца ВППrunway alignmentвыравнивание при входе в створ ВППrunway alignment indicatorуказатель входа в створ ВППrunway alignment indicator lightsсигнальные огни входа в створ ВППrunway approach surveillance radarобзорный радиолокатор подхода к ВППrunway arresterтормозная установкаrunway arresting gearтормозное устройство на ВППrunway boundary beaconпограничный маяк ВППrunway capacityпропускная способность ВППrunway categoryкатегория ВППrunway center lineось ВППrunway centerlineосевая линия ВППrunway centerline lightsогни осевой линии ВППrunway centerline markingмаркировка осевой линии ВППrunway classification systemсистема классификации ВППrunway cleanerочистительная машина для ВППrunway clearance lightсветовой сигнал готовности ВППrunway controlledдиспетчер стартаrunway control vanпередвижной диспетчерский пункт в районе ВППrunway designation markingопознавательный знак ВППrunway directionнаправление расположения ВППrunway drainage courseоснование ВППrunway edgeбоковая кромка ВППrunway edge lightsпосадочные огни ВППrunway edge markerмаркер кромки ВППrunway edge markingмаркировка границ ВППrunway elevationпревышение ВППrunway end identifier lightsопознавательные огни торца ВППrunway end lightsограничительные огни ВППrunway end safety areaконцевая зона безопасности ВППrunway end safety area lightsогни концевой зоны безопасности ВППrunway environmentусловия в районе ВППrunway extensionудлинение ВППrunway extremityконцевая часть ВППrunway floodlightпосадочный прожектор ВППrunway flush lightутопленный огонь на поверхности ВППrunway friction characteristicхарактеристика сцепления поверхности ВППrunway gradientуклон ВППrunway guard lightsогни ограждения ВППrunway headingнаправление ВППrunway hidden hazardскрытое препятствие в районе ВППrunway identifier lightsопознавательные огни ВППrunway intersectionпересечение ВППrunway intersection signуказатель пересечения рулежной дорожки и ВППrunway jointing sealantзаполнитель швов покрытия ВППrunway leading edgeпередняя кромка ВППrunway lead-in lighting systemсистема огней подхода к ВППrunway lead-in lightsогни подхода к ВППrunway lengthдлина ВППrunway levelуровень ВППrunway lightingсветосигнальное оборудование ВППrunway lighting systemсветосигнальная система ВППrunway lighting unitкомплект светотехнического оборудования ВППrunway markingмаркировка ВППrunway orientationнаправление ВППrunway patternсхема расположения ВППrunway pattern symbolусловный код ВППrunway performanceхарактеристика ВППrunway presentationиндикация ВППrunway profileпрофиль ВППrunway shoulderбоковая полоса безопасности ВППrunway slopeуклон ВППrunway slope gridшкала уклонаrunway stripлетная полоса(включает ВПП, концевые и боковые полосы безопасности) runway strip patternсхема летного поляrunway subgradeподушка ВППrunway surfaceпокрытие ВППrunway surface condition sensorдатчик состояния поверхности ВППrunway surface evennessгладкость поверхности ВППrunway surface frictionсцепление колес с поверхностью ВППrunway surface markingмаркировка покрытия ВППrunway surface treatmentобработка поверхности ВППrunway sweeperмашина для очистки ВППrunway threshold lightsвходные огни ВППrunway threshold markingмаркировка порога ВППrunway touchdown lightsогни зоны приземления на ВППrunway true bearingистинный пеленгrunway turning bayучасток разворота на ВППrunway usability factorкоэффициент использования ВППrunway usable distanceрабочая часть ВППrunway user chargeсбор за пользование ВППrunway visibilityвидимость на ВППrunway visual lengthдальность видимости на ВППrunway visual rangeдальность видимости на ВППrunway visual range observationнаблюдение за дальностью видимости на ВППrunway wearing courseдренажный слой ВППrunway widthширина ВППsecondary runwayзапасная ВППsimultaneous use of runwaysодновременная эксплуатация нескольких ВППslippery runwayВПП с низким коэффициентом сцепленияslope on runwayуклон ВППsmooth runwayВПП с гладкой поверхностьюsmooth runway surfaceровное покрытие ВППsnow-covered runwayпокрытая снегом ВППsodded runwayВПП с дерновым покрытиемsoft-surface runwayВПП с мягким покрытиемstabilizer runwayуход стабилизатораtakeoff runwayВПП, открытая только для взлетовthe runway is clearВПП свободнаthe runway is not clearВПП занятаturf runwayВПП с травяным покрытиемunpaved runwayгрунтовая ВППwater-covered runwayзалитая водой ВППwet runwayвлажная ВППwet runway statusвлажная ВППwrong runwayВПП, не соответствующая заданию на полетzero runway slopeнулевой уклон ВПП
См. также в других словарях:
surface zero — sprogimo epicentras statusas T sritis Gynyba apibrėžtis Žemės paviršiaus taškas, virš kurio ar po kuriuo yra planuojamo ar jau įvykusio branduolinio sprogimo centras. atitikmenys: angl. ground zero; surface zero pranc. point zéro; surface zéro… … NATO terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
surface zéro — sprogimo epicentras statusas T sritis Gynyba apibrėžtis Žemės paviršiaus taškas, virš kurio ar po kuriuo yra planuojamo ar jau įvykusio branduolinio sprogimo centras. atitikmenys: angl. ground zero; surface zero pranc. point zéro; surface zéro… … NATO terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
surface zero — See ground zero … Military dictionary
surface zero — /sɜfəs ˈzɪəroʊ/ (say serfuhs zearroh) noun → ground zero …
Surface de dieu — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Surface (homoymie). Un célèbre essai de calcul de la surface de Dieu se situe dans les dernières pages des Gestes et Opinions du Docteur Faustroll, en 1898. Ce calcul est certainement[réf. nécessaire]… … Wikipédia en Français
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Zero Milestone — Zero Milestone, 1923. The surface seen in the photo is the monument s south face (see inscription below) The Zero Milestone is a zero mile marker monument in Washington, D.C. intended as the initial milestone from which all road distances in the… … Wikipedia
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