spectacles

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appărātus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., from apparo.

appărātus ( adp-), ūs, m. [apparo].

A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):

requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

sacrorum,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

operum ac munitionum,

Liv. 21, 7:

sacrificii,

Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,

Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).

In gen.:

in reliquo Darei adparatu,

movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,

argenteus,

id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:

arma promta ex regio apparatu,

Liv. 5, 5:

apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,

id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:

auxiliorum apparatus,

Liv. 9, 7 al. —

Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:

magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:

omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,

id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:

regio adparatu accepti, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;

so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo).

aedīlis, is, m. (abl. aedili, Tac. A. 12, 64; Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 4; Dig. 18, 6, 13;

but aedile is more usual,

Charis. p. 96 P.; Varr. 1, 22; Cic. Sest. 44, 95; Liv. 3, 31; Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 158; Inscr. Orell. 3787, 8; cf. Schneid. Gr. II. p. 221; Koffm. s. v.) [aedes], an œdile, a magistrate in Rome who had the superintendence of public buildings and works, such as temples, theatres, baths, aqueducts, sewers, highways, etc.; also of private buildings, of markets, provisions, taverns, of weights and measures (to see that they were legal), of the expense of funerals, and other similar functions of police. The class. passages applying here are: Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 42; Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14; id. Phil. 9, 7; Liv. 10, 23; Tac. A. 2, 85; Juv. 3, 162; 10, 101; Fest. s. h. v. p. 12; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 3 and 6.—Further, the aediles, esp. the curule ædiles (two in number), were expected to exhibit public spectacles; and they often lavished the most exorbitant expenses upon them, in order to prepare their way toward higher offices, Cic. Off. 2, 16; Liv. 24, 33; 27, 6. They inspected the plays before exhibition in the theatres, and rewarded or punished the actors according to their deserts, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 148; id. Cist. ep. 3;

for this purpose they were required by oath to decide impartially,

Plaut. Am. prol. 72.—It was the special duty of the aediles plebeii (of whom also there were two) to preserve the decrees of the Senate and people in the temple of Ceres, and in a later age in the public treasury, Liv. 3, 55. The office of the aediles curules (so called from the sella curulis, the seat on which they sat for judgment (v. curulis), while the aediles plebeii sat only on benches, subsellia) was created A.U.C. 387, for the purpose of holding public exhibitions, Liv. 6, 42, first from the patricians, but as early as the following year from the plebeians also, Liv. 7, 1.—

Julius Cæsar created also the office of the two aediles Cereales, who had the superintendence of the public granaries and other provisions,

Suet. Caes. 41.—The free towns also had ædiles, who were often their only magistrates, Cic. Fam. 13, 11; Juv. 3, 179; 10, 102; Pers. 1, 130; v. further in Smith's Dict. Antiq. and Niebuhr's Rom. Hist. 1, 689 and 690.

uses the word once adject.: aediles ludi, œdilic sports, Poen. 5, 2, 52.

appărātus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., from apparo.

appărātus ( adp-), ūs, m. [apparo].

A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):

requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

sacrorum,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

operum ac munitionum,

Liv. 21, 7:

sacrificii,

Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,

Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).

In gen.:

in reliquo Darei adparatu,

movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,

argenteus,

id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:

arma promta ex regio apparatu,

Liv. 5, 5:

apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,

id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:

auxiliorum apparatus,

Liv. 9, 7 al. —

Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:

magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:

omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,

id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:

regio adparatu accepti, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;

so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo).

bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).

Lit.

In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;

esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,

id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—

Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,

Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:

vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,

Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—

As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):

mala tu es bestia,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—

Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;

usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,

to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:

condemnare aliquem ad bestias,

Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:

dare aliquem ad bestias,

Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:

ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,

the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:

bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,

Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—

Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).

Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.

The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—

The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—

Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1.

bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).

Lit.

In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;

esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,

id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—

Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,

Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:

vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,

Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—

As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):

mala tu es bestia,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—

Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;

usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,

to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:

condemnare aliquem ad bestias,

Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:

dare aliquem ad bestias,

Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:

ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,

the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:

bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,

Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—

Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).

Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.

The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—

The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—

Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1.

cancelli, ōrum (sing. cancellus, Dig. 43, 24, 9, § 1), m. dim. [2. cancer], a lattice, enclosure, grating, grate, balustrade, bars, railings: ( = kinklides; Latini tamen cancellos non tantum fores tou dikastêriou, sed etiam omne consaeptum appellant, Salmas. Hist. Aug. p. 483) scenici et theatri, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 4:

aenei rivorum,

Col. 8, 17, 6; the bar in a court of justice, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 59, § 135:

tantus ex fori cancellis plausus excitatus,

the barrier in public spectacles, id. Sest. 58, 124:

circi,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 64:

aedium,

Dig. 30, 41, § 10; 33, 7, 12, § 26:

fenestrarum,

Aug. Trin. 11, 2:

saepta cancellorum,

Amm. 30, 4, 19.—Of the reticulated skin of the elephant, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 30; cf. cancello.—

Trop., boundaries, limits (so perh. only in Cic.):

si extra hos cancellos egredi conabor, quos mihi ipse circumdedi,

Cic. Quint. 10, 36:

esse certam rerum forensibus cancellis circumscriptam scientiam,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 52: severitatis, Cod. Th. 1, 12, 8.—

Meton., the space enclosed by boundaries, Auct. B. Afr. 15 fin.

cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].

On this side:

citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

in Galliā citeriore,

id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

citerior Hispania,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

Arabia,

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

Oceanus,

Flor. 4, 12, 46:

ripa,

Vell. 2, 107, 1.—

As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.

In space:

(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

citima Persidis (sc. loca),

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —

Trop.:

deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

citerioris vitae minister,

private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—

In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

in antiquius citeriusve,

Vell. 1, 17, 2:

citeriore die (opp. longiore),

Dig. 23, 4, 15.—

In measure or degree, small, little:

citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

citerius debito resistere,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—

Hence,

cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).

Prop.

Adv.:

(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

ultra citraque pervolare,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

citra est Oglasa,

id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

citra fuere margines,

id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—

With acc.:

Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

citra Veliam,

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

citra mare,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

mare citra,

id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

citra flumen intercepti,

Liv. 21, 48, 6:

citra Tauri juga,

id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—

(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.

Adv.:

non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

Liv. 10, 25, 4:

citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

citra exsultare,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—

With acc.:

nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—

Trop.

Adv. of measure:

neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

culta citra quam debuit illa,

id. P. 1, 7, 55.—

With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

Nec virtus citra genus est,

is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

glans cum citra satietatem data est,

not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

fatigationem,

Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

scelus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

citra necem tua constitit ira,

id. ib. 2, 127:

usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —

In time (with acc. rare;

perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

Trojana tempora,

Ov. M. 8, 365:

juventam,

id. ib. 10, 84:

temporis finem,

Dig. 49, 16, 15.—

Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

Col. 2, 2, 20:

plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

Quint. 12, 6, 4:

Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

id. 12, 10, 9:

vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

id. 12, 2, 1; so,

accusationem,

id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

id. 2, 16, 13:

citra invidiam,

Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

citra ullum aliud incommodum,

id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

citra dolorem,

id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

morsum,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

vulnus,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

citra fidem,

Tac. Agr. 1:

citra speciem aut delectationem,

id. G. 16:

citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

Suet. Caes. 28:

commoda emeritorum,

id. Aug. 24:

spem omnium fortuna cessit,

Flor. 3, 1, 2:

etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—

cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

ultro ac citro commeare,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

qui ultro citroque navigarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

cursare ultro et citro,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

Liv. 44, 23, 2:

datā ultro citroque fide,

id. 29, 23, 5:

inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

ultro citroque versus,

Amm. 30, 3, 5.

dēsignātor or dissignātor (the latter form freq. in inscrr., and preferred by Brambach; so Keller, ad Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5; Corp. Inscr. Lat. pp. 597, 768), ōris, m. [id.], one who regulates or arranges; a regulator.—As a t. t.,

An officer whose duty it was to assign seats in the theatre, Plaut. Poen. prol. 19.—

A master of ceremonies at funerals; an undertaker, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5; Sen. Ben. 6, 38; Tert. Spectac. 10; Inscr. Orell. 934; cf. Don. Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 7.—

An umpire at public spectacles, i. q. Gr. brabeutês, Dig. 3, 2, 4, § 1; Cic. Att. 4, 3, 2.

lūdus, i, m. [id.], a play.

Lit.

In gen., a play, game, diversion, pastime:

ad pilam se aut ad talos, aut ad tessaras conferunt, aut etiam novum sibi aliquem excogitant in otio ludum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58:

datur concessu omnium huic aliqui ludus aetati,

id. Cael. 12, 28:

campestris,

id. ib. 5, 11:

nec lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36.—

In partic.

Ludi, public games, plays, spectacles, shows, exhibitions, which were given in honor of the gods, etc.

In gen.:

hoc praetore ludos Apollini faciente,

Cic. Brut. 20, 78:

ludos committere,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos magnificentissimos apparare,

id. ib. 3, 8, 6:

ludos apparatissimos magnificentissimosque facere,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

ludos aspicere,

Ov. F. 6, 238:

ludos persolvere alicui deo,

id. ib. 5, 330: ludis, during the games, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 63, 18; Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

circus maximus ne diebus quidem ludorum Circensium... irrigabatur,

Front. Aq. 97.— Sing.:

haec ultra quid erit, nisi ludus?

Juv. 8, 199.—

In this sense, ludi is freq. in appos. with the neutr. plur. of the adj. which names the games:

ludi Consualia,

Liv. 1, 9, 6:

ludi Cerealia,

id. 30, 39, 8:

ludi Taurilia,

id. 39, 22, 1 (Weissenb. Taurii); 34, 54, 3; cf.:

quaedam faciem soloecismi habent... ut tragoedia Thyestes, ut ludi Floralia ac Megalensia... numquam aliter a veteribus dicta,

Quint. 1, 5, 52; cf.:

ludis Megalensibus,

Gell. 2, 24, 2.—

Also with gen. of place:

eo ipso die auditam esse eam pugnam ludis Olympiae memoriae proditum est,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6.—

Stage-plays (opp. to the games of the circus):

venationes autem ludosque et cum collegā et separatim edidit,

Suet. Caes. 10.—

A place of exercise or practice, a school for elementary instruction and discipline (cf. schola):

in ludum ire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 6:

fidicinus,

music-school, id. Rud. prol. 43:

litterarius,

id. Merc. 2, 2, 32:

litterarum ludi,

Liv. 3, 44; 6, 25:

ludus discendi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

Dionysius Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

id. Fam. 9, 18, 1:

Isocrates, cujus e ludo, tamquam ex equo Trojano, meri principes exierunt,

id. de Or. 2, 22, 94; id. Or. 42, 144:

gladiatores, quos ibi Caesar in ludo habebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

militaris,

Liv. 7, 33, 1:

litterarii paene ista sunt ludi et trivialis scientiae,

Quint. 1, 4, 27:

litterarium ludum exercere,

Tac. A. 3, 66:

obsides quosdam abductos e litterario ludo,

Suet. Calig. 45:

ibi namque (in foro) in tabernis litterarum ludi erant,

Liv. 3, 44, 6:

quem puerum in ludo cognōrat,

Nep. Att. 10, 3:

in Flavī ludum me mittere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 72; cf. Gell. 15, 11, 2; Suet. Gram. 4; id. Rhet. 1:

sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi,

Juv. 11, 26.

Transf.

Play, sport, i. e. any thing done, as it were, in play, without trouble, mere sport, child's play:

oratio ludus est homini non hebeti,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

cum illa perdiscere ludus esset,

id. Fin. 1, 8, 27:

quibus (Graecis) jusjurandum jocus est, testimonium ludus,

id. Fl. 5, 12.—

Sport, jest, joke, fun: si vis videre ludos [p. 1084] jucundissimos, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 78:

ad honores per ludum et per neglegentiam pervenire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181:

aliquem per ludum et jocum evertere,

id. ib. 2, 1, 60, §

155: amoto quaeramus seria ludo,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 27:

vertere seria ludo,

id. A. P. 226:

nil per ludum simulabitur,

Juv. 6, 324:

ut ludos facit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 52: ludos facere aliquem, to make sport of, make game of, to banter, jeer at, mock:

ut nunc is te ludos facit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47:

quem, senecta aetate, ludos facias,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 74.— With dat.:

miris modis dī ludos faciunt hominibus,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 1; id. Truc. 4, 2, 46.—In pass.:

ludos fieri,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 72:

hocine me aetatis ludos vis factum esse indigne?

id. Bacch. 5, 1, 4: ludos aliquem dimittere, to send one away with scorn and derision, or, as in Engl., to send one off with a flea in his ear:

numquam hercle quisquam me lenonem dixerit, si te non ludos pessimos dimisero,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 11:

ludos facis me,

id. Am. 2, 1, 21: facere ludos aliquid, to make a jest or a trifle of any thing, to throw away, to lose:

nunc et operam ludos facit, et retia, etc.,

id. Rud. 4, 1, 9:

ludos dare, praebere,

to make one's self ridiculous, Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 9:

ludos alicui reddere,

to play tricks on, id. And. 3, 1, 21: dare ludum alicui, to give play to one, i. e. to humor, indulge, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 7; id. Cas. prol. 25; id. Bacch. 4, 10, 9:

amori dare ludum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 1: ludus aetatis, the pleasures of love:

si frui liceret ludo aetatis, praesertim recto et legitimo amore,

Liv. 26, 50.—

Ludus, the title of a work of Nævius:

ut est in Naevii Ludo,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 20; Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270, 22 Müll.—Also, Ludus de Morte Claudii, a work of Seneca.

praeco, ōnis (old dat, PRAECONEI, Inscr. Lat. 202, 2, 34), m., a crier, herald, in a court of justice, in popular assemblies, at auctions, at public spectacles, games, or processions, etc.: exsurge, praeco, fac populo audientiam, Enn. ap. Plaut. Poen. prol. 11 (Trag. v. 32 Vahl.); Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 76; id. Quint. 3, 11; Varr. L. L. 6, §§

86 and 87 Müll.: haec per praeconem vendidit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84:

in eopse astas lapide, ut praeco praedicat,

on the auctioneer's block, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17; cf.:

ut praeco, ad merces turbam qui cogit emendas,

Hor. A. P. 419; Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 8; Juv. 6, 439; 8, 95: indictivum funus, ad quod per praeconem evocabantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 106 Müll.—

Transf., a publisher, herald:

o fortunate adulescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris!

Cic. Arch. 10, 24.

vŏluptas, ātis ( gen. plur. voluptatum and -tium), f. [Gr. elpô, to hope; root Welp-; cf. volo], satisfaction, enjoyment, pleasure, delight (whether sensual or spiritual; syn. oblectamentum).

Lit.

In gen.:

omne id, quo gaudemus, voluptas est, ut omne, quo offendimur, dolor,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37; cf.:

huic verbo (voluptatis) omnes qui Latine sciunt, duas res subiciunt, laetitiam in animo, commotionem suavem jucunditatis in corpore,

id. ib. 2, 4, 13 sq.:

voluptas quae percipitur ex libidine et cupiditate (syn. jucunditas),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 57:

nulla capitalior pestis quam voluptas corporis,

id. Sen. 12, 39:

ex tuis litteris cepi una cum omnibus incredibilem voluptatem,

id. Fam. 5, 7, 1:

nec vero sum inscius, esse utilitatem in historiā, non modo voluptatem. Quid? cum fictas fabulas... cum voluptate legimus?

id. Fin. 5, 19, 51:

frui voluptatibus,

id. N. D. 1, 30, 84 et saep.:

novum denique officium instituit a voluptatibus, an officer in the imperial household,

master of the revels, Suet. Tib. 42 fin. —

Personified, Voluptas, as a deity, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 61.—

Transf.

Of persons, as a term of endearment:

mea voluptas,

my joy, my charmer, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 2:

care puer, mea sera et sola voluptas,

Verg. A. 8, 581.—

Voluptates, sports, shows, spectacles, given to the people, Cic. Mur. 35, 74:

ne minimo quidem temporis voluptates intermissae,

Tac. H. 3, 83; Vop. Aur. 34; id. Prob. 19; Treb. Gall. 9 al. —

The desire for pleasure, bent, passion:

suam voluptatem explere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Am. prol. 19; cf. Gell. praef. § 14.—

The male semen, Arn. 5, 158; Hyg. Astr. 2, 13.