-
1 editor
ēditŏr, ōris, m. [st2]1 [-] celui qui engendre, celui qui cause. [st2]2 [-] fondateur, auteur. [st2]3 [-] celui qui donne des jeux, des spectacles.* * *ēditŏr, ōris, m. [st2]1 [-] celui qui engendre, celui qui cause. [st2]2 [-] fondateur, auteur. [st2]3 [-] celui qui donne des jeux, des spectacles.* * *Editor, pen. corr. huius editoris, pen. prod. Verbale. Lucan. Qui produit, ou jecte hors. -
2 venator
vēnātŏr, ōris, m. [venor] [st1]1 [-] chasseur. - Cic. Tusc. 2, 40 ; Caes. BG. 6, 27. - [en appos.] venator canis, Virg. En. 12, 751: chien de chasse. [st1]2 [-] chasseur [dans les spectacles du cirque]. - Ulp. Dig. 48, 19, 8, 11 ; Tert. Mart. 5. [st1]3 [-] fig. qui est aux aguets. - Plaut. Mil. 608. [st1]4 [-] investigateur, observateur. - Cic. Nat. 1, 83.* * *vēnātŏr, ōris, m. [venor] [st1]1 [-] chasseur. - Cic. Tusc. 2, 40 ; Caes. BG. 6, 27. - [en appos.] venator canis, Virg. En. 12, 751: chien de chasse. [st1]2 [-] chasseur [dans les spectacles du cirque]. - Ulp. Dig. 48, 19, 8, 11 ; Tert. Mart. 5. [st1]3 [-] fig. qui est aux aguets. - Plaut. Mil. 608. [st1]4 [-] investigateur, observateur. - Cic. Nat. 1, 83.* * *Venator, pe. prod. venatoris. Cic. Chasseur, Veneur, Braconnier. -
3 voluptas
voluptās, ātis, f. [st2]1 [-] plaisir (de l'âme), satisfaction, contentement, jouissance. [st2]2 [-] plaisir (des sens), volupté, sensualité. [st2]3 [-] au plur. plaisirs, spectacles, jeux, fêtes. [st2]4 [-] Hyg. Arn. semence génitale. [st2]5 [-] la Volupté (personnifiée).* * *voluptās, ātis, f. [st2]1 [-] plaisir (de l'âme), satisfaction, contentement, jouissance. [st2]2 [-] plaisir (des sens), volupté, sensualité. [st2]3 [-] au plur. plaisirs, spectacles, jeux, fêtes. [st2]4 [-] Hyg. Arn. semence génitale. [st2]5 [-] la Volupté (personnifiée).* * *Voluptas, voluptatis, pen. prod. Plaisir, Aise, Volupté.\Voluptatem magnam nuntias. Terent. Tu m'annonces de joyeuses nouvelles.\Voluptas mea, Blandientis vox. Plaut. Mon plaisir, Mon soulas.\Diuina voluptas. Lucret. Un grand plaisir qu'on prend à contempler les choses celestes et divines.\Liquida et pura. Lucretius. Qui n'est point entremeslee de fascherie.\Nulla est syncera voluptas. Ouid. Pure et entiere, Sans quelque fascherie.\Torua voluptas frontis. Claud. Quand un homme ha bonne grace à tenir sa majesté et gravité, Quand la severité qu'on veoit en la face d'un homme, ne desplaist point.\Viua voluptas prati. Claud. Le plaisir de veoir l'herbe verde et les fleurs d'un pré.\Voluptatem eius capio. Plin. iunior. Je prens grand plaisir à luy.\Duci ad fidem voluptate. Quintil. Estre induict à croire.\Cum voluptate legere. Cic. Prendre grand plaisir à lire.\Spero nobis hanc coniunctionem voluptati fore. Cic. Qu'elle nous sera fort joyeuse.\Haec ipsa mihi sunt voluptati. Cic. Je prens plaisir à cela.\Semper est in voluptate. Cic. Il est en perpetuel plaisir.\Voluptas. Cic. Plaisir mondain et charnel, Volupté. -
4 bestiarius
[st1]1 [-] bestiārĭus, a, um: relatif aux bêtes (du cirque). [st1]2 [-] bestiārĭus, ii, m.: bestiaire (gladiateur qui combattait contre les bêtes féroces); condamné qu'on exposait aux bêtes sauvages.* * *[st1]1 [-] bestiārĭus, a, um: relatif aux bêtes (du cirque). [st1]2 [-] bestiārĭus, ii, m.: bestiaire (gladiateur qui combattait contre les bêtes féroces); condamné qu'on exposait aux bêtes sauvages.* * *Bestiarius, bestiarii. Cic. Qui és spectacles publiques se combatoit contre les bestes. -
5 citra
[st1]1 [-] cĭtrā, adv.: en deçà, de ce côté-ci. - tela citra cadebant, Tac. H. 3, 23: leurs traits tombaient en deçà du but. - ultra citraque pervolare, Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61: voler au delà ou en deçà. - citra stat oratio, Quint.: l'expression reste en deçà (l'expression dit trop peu). - citerius debito, Sen. Ir. 1, 16, 11: moins qu'il ne faudrait. - citra quam, Ov.: moins que. [st1]2 [-] cĭtrā prép. avec acc.: - [abcl][b]a - en deçà de, de ce côté-ci de. - [abcl]b - en dehors de, avant. - [abcl]c - sans, sans aller jusqu'à. - [abcl]d - contre, contrairement à.[/b] - citra Tauri juga, Liv. 38, 48: de ce côté-ci du Taurus. - hostem citra flumen elicere, Caes. BG. 6.8: attirer l'ennemi en deçà du fleuve. - citra Kalendas Octobris, Col. 2, 8, 3: avant les calendes d'octobre. - citra rogos, Quint.: avant de livrer un corps au bûcher. - citra bellum, Suet.: sans en venir à la guerre. - citra necem, Ov. Tr. 2, 127: sans aller jusqu'à ordonner la mort. - vis citra ultima stetit, Tac.: sa colère n'alla pas jusqu'aux dernières violences. - nec virtus citra genus est, Ov. M. 10, 607: mon courage n'est pas inférieur à ma naissance. - citra intellectum acrimoniae, Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171: sans contracter un goût d'amertume. - oculi, citra motum quoque... Quint.: les yeux, même sans remuer... - citra spectaculorum dies, Suet. Aug. 43: en dehors des jours de spectacle. - citra hoc experimentum, Col. 2, 2, 20: indépendamment de cette preuve. - citra personnas, Quint.: abstraction faite des personnes. - citra delectationem, Tac. G. 16: sans rien donner à l'agrément. - citra usum doctrina, Quint. 12, 6, 4: la théorie sans la pratique. - Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum (creditur), Quint. 12, 10, 9: (on estime que), pour le travail de l'ivoire, Phidias est vraiment sans émule. - non id Scauro citra fidem fuit, Tac. Agr. 1: en cela Scaurus ne trouva pas d'incrédules. - citra Senatûs auctoritatem, Suet. Caes. 28: sans consulter le sénat.* * *[st1]1 [-] cĭtrā, adv.: en deçà, de ce côté-ci. - tela citra cadebant, Tac. H. 3, 23: leurs traits tombaient en deçà du but. - ultra citraque pervolare, Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61: voler au delà ou en deçà. - citra stat oratio, Quint.: l'expression reste en deçà (l'expression dit trop peu). - citerius debito, Sen. Ir. 1, 16, 11: moins qu'il ne faudrait. - citra quam, Ov.: moins que. [st1]2 [-] cĭtrā prép. avec acc.: - [abcl][b]a - en deçà de, de ce côté-ci de. - [abcl]b - en dehors de, avant. - [abcl]c - sans, sans aller jusqu'à. - [abcl]d - contre, contrairement à.[/b] - citra Tauri juga, Liv. 38, 48: de ce côté-ci du Taurus. - hostem citra flumen elicere, Caes. BG. 6.8: attirer l'ennemi en deçà du fleuve. - citra Kalendas Octobris, Col. 2, 8, 3: avant les calendes d'octobre. - citra rogos, Quint.: avant de livrer un corps au bûcher. - citra bellum, Suet.: sans en venir à la guerre. - citra necem, Ov. Tr. 2, 127: sans aller jusqu'à ordonner la mort. - vis citra ultima stetit, Tac.: sa colère n'alla pas jusqu'aux dernières violences. - nec virtus citra genus est, Ov. M. 10, 607: mon courage n'est pas inférieur à ma naissance. - citra intellectum acrimoniae, Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171: sans contracter un goût d'amertume. - oculi, citra motum quoque... Quint.: les yeux, même sans remuer... - citra spectaculorum dies, Suet. Aug. 43: en dehors des jours de spectacle. - citra hoc experimentum, Col. 2, 2, 20: indépendamment de cette preuve. - citra personnas, Quint.: abstraction faite des personnes. - citra delectationem, Tac. G. 16: sans rien donner à l'agrément. - citra usum doctrina, Quint. 12, 6, 4: la théorie sans la pratique. - Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum (creditur), Quint. 12, 10, 9: (on estime que), pour le travail de l'ivoire, Phidias est vraiment sans émule. - non id Scauro citra fidem fuit, Tac. Agr. 1: en cela Scaurus ne trouva pas d'incrédules. - citra Senatûs auctoritatem, Suet. Caes. 28: sans consulter le sénat.* * *Citra, Praepositio, accusatiuo casui seruiens: cui opponitur Vltra, a Cis deriuarur. Caesar, Qui sunt citra Rhenum. Deca le Rhein.\Citra, pro Sine. Colum. Citra hoc experimentum. Sans ceste experience.\Citra commoda emeritorum praemiorum exauthorare legiones. Sueton. Casser les legionaires sans les payer.\Citra fastidium nominentur. Plin. Sans mespriser.\Citra inuidiam. Plin. Sans envie.\Citra musicen. Quintil. Sans musique.\Citra satietatem data glans. Colum. Non point son saoul.\Peccare citra scelus. Ouid. Pecher par ignorance.\Citra scientiam. Colum. Sans science, Quand il n'y a point de scavoir.\A postrema syllaba citra tertiam non posuit natura vocem acutam. Cic. Plus arriere que la tierce.\Citra, pro Extra. Sueton. Solebat citra spectaculorum dies, siquando, etc. Hors les jours des spectacles.\Citra, Aduerbium, in eadem significatione, sed sine casu. Liu. Paucis citra milibus. Deca. -
6 amphitheātrum
amphitheātrum ī, n, ἀμφιτηέατρον, an amphitheatre, oval building for public spectacles, Ta.* * *amphitheater, double (oval/circular) theater having stage/arena in center -
7 bēstia
bēstia ae, f a beast, animal: fera bestia, N.: tametsi bestiae sunt (canes): bestiae volucres, birds: mutae, L.: ad bestias mittere alqm, to fight with (in the public spectacles): mala, the odor of the armpits (cf. capra), Ct.* * *beast, animal, creature; wild beast/animal, beast of prey in arena -
8 cancellī
cancellī ōrum, m dim. [cancer (late), a lattice], a lattice, enclosure, grating, grate, balustrade, bars, railings, bar in a court of justice: fori, the barrier in public spectacles.—Fig., boundaries, limits: extra hos cancellos egredi: forenses. -
9 lūdus
lūdus ī, m [LVD-], a play, game, diversion, pastime: novum sibi excogitant ludum: campestris: Nec lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum, H.: pueri Intenti ludo, V.— Plur, public games, plays, spectacles, shows, exhibitions: delectant homines ludi: festi dies ludorum: ludos aspicere, O.: ludi Olympiae: ludi Consualia, L.: ludi Cerialia, L.—Rarely sing: haec ultra quid erit, nisi ludus, Iu.— A place for exercise, place for practice, school: In eodem ludo doctae, T.: litterarum ludi, L.: discendi: Isocrates, cuius e ludo principes exierunt: gladiatores in ludo habebat, in training, Cs.: militaris, L.: quem puerum in ludo cognorat, N.: sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi, Iu. — Play, sport, child's play: oratio ludus est homini non hebeti: quibus (Graecis) ius iurandum iocus est, testimonium ludus.— Sport, jest, joke, fun: ad honores per ludum pervenire: amoto quaeramus seria ludo, H.: Nil per ludum simulabitur, Iu.: narrare, quos ludos praebueris, how you made yourself ridiculous, T.: mihi ludos reddere, play tricks on, T.: frui ludo aetatis, L.— A play, entertaining exhibition, playful writing, satire: veteres inëunt proscaenia ludi, V.: ut est in Naevi Ludo.* * *game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school -
10 tēnsa
tēnsa ae, f —In the Circensian games, a car which bore the images of the gods, chariot for the gods: via tensarum: tensas ducere, L.* * * -
11 perspicillum
spectacles; glasses -
12 adparatus
1. 2. I.A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):II.requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:sacrorum,
id. Rep. 2, 14:operum ac munitionum,
Liv. 21, 7:sacrificii,
Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).A.In gen.:B.in reliquo Darei adparatu,
movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,argenteus,
id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:arma promta ex regio apparatu,
Liv. 5, 5:apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,
id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:auxiliorum apparatus,
Liv. 9, 7 al. —Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,
id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:regio adparatu accepti, etc.,
id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,
Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo). -
13 aedilis
aedīlis, is, m. (abl. aedili, Tac. A. 12, 64; Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 4; Dig. 18, 6, 13;► Plaut.but aedile is more usual,
Charis. p. 96 P.; Varr. 1, 22; Cic. Sest. 44, 95; Liv. 3, 31; Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 158; Inscr. Orell. 3787, 8; cf. Schneid. Gr. II. p. 221; Koffm. s. v.) [aedes], an œdile, a magistrate in Rome who had the superintendence of public buildings and works, such as temples, theatres, baths, aqueducts, sewers, highways, etc.; also of private buildings, of markets, provisions, taverns, of weights and measures (to see that they were legal), of the expense of funerals, and other similar functions of police. The class. passages applying here are: Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 42; Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14; id. Phil. 9, 7; Liv. 10, 23; Tac. A. 2, 85; Juv. 3, 162; 10, 101; Fest. s. h. v. p. 12; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 3 and 6.—Further, the aediles, esp. the curule ædiles (two in number), were expected to exhibit public spectacles; and they often lavished the most exorbitant expenses upon them, in order to prepare their way toward higher offices, Cic. Off. 2, 16; Liv. 24, 33; 27, 6. They inspected the plays before exhibition in the theatres, and rewarded or punished the actors according to their deserts, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 148; id. Cist. ep. 3;for this purpose they were required by oath to decide impartially,
Plaut. Am. prol. 72.—It was the special duty of the aediles plebeii (of whom also there were two) to preserve the decrees of the Senate and people in the temple of Ceres, and in a later age in the public treasury, Liv. 3, 55. The office of the aediles curules (so called from the sella curulis, the seat on which they sat for judgment (v. curulis), while the aediles plebeii sat only on benches, subsellia) was created A.U.C. 387, for the purpose of holding public exhibitions, Liv. 6, 42, first from the patricians, but as early as the following year from the plebeians also, Liv. 7, 1.—Julius Cæsar created also the office of the two aediles Cereales, who had the superintendence of the public granaries and other provisions,
Suet. Caes. 41.—The free towns also had ædiles, who were often their only magistrates, Cic. Fam. 13, 11; Juv. 3, 179; 10, 102; Pers. 1, 130; v. further in Smith's Dict. Antiq. and Niebuhr's Rom. Hist. 1, 689 and 690.uses the word once adject.: aediles ludi, œdilic sports, Poen. 5, 2, 52. -
14 amphitheatrum
amphĭthĕātrum, i, n., = amphitheatron, an amphitheatre, a circular or oval building in which each successive seat, raised above the last, furnished an unobstructed view. From its shape it was sometimes called circus. In Rome it was used for public spectacles: for combats of wild beasts and of ships, but most frequently for gladiatorial shows. It was at first built of wood, but afterwards of stone, and with great splendor. The largest one, designed by Augustus, but begun by Vespasian and finished by Titus, was called the Amphitheatrum Florium, or, since the time of Bede, the Colosseum or Colisœum, perhaps from the Colossus of Nero, which stood close by. This is said to have held eighty-seven thousand spectators, Plin. 19, 1, 6, § 24; Tac. A. 4, 62; id. H. 2, 67; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Calig. 18; id. Vesp. 9; id. Tit. 7; id. Tib. 40; id. Ner. 12; Isid. 15, 2, 35, p. 471 al.; cf. Smith, Class. Dict. -
15 apparatus
1. 2. I.A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):II.requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:sacrorum,
id. Rep. 2, 14:operum ac munitionum,
Liv. 21, 7:sacrificii,
Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).A.In gen.:B.in reliquo Darei adparatu,
movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,argenteus,
id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:arma promta ex regio apparatu,
Liv. 5, 5:apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,
id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:auxiliorum apparatus,
Liv. 9, 7 al. —Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,
id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:regio adparatu accepti, etc.,
id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,
Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo). -
16 Bestia
1.bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).I.Lit.A.In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;2.esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,
id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,
Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,
Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):B.mala tu es bestia,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;II.usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,
to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:condemnare aliquem ad bestias,
Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:dare aliquem ad bestias,
Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,
the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,
Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).2.Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.I.The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—II.The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—III.Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1. -
17 bestia
1.bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).I.Lit.A.In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;2.esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,
id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,
Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,
Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):B.mala tu es bestia,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;II.usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,
to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:condemnare aliquem ad bestias,
Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:dare aliquem ad bestias,
Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,
the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,
Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).2.Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.I.The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—II.The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—III.Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1. -
18 bestiarius
bestĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [id. I. B.], of or pertaining to beasts:ludus,
a fight with beasts, Sen. Ep. 70, 20; 70, 22.—Usu. as subst.: bestĭārĭus, ii, m., one who fights with wild beasts in the public spectacles, a beast-fighter, thêriomachês (persons hired, or criminals: the former with weapons, and as victors rewarded;the latter, unarmed, and sometimes bound,
Vop. Aur. 37; Tert. Pud. 22):praeclara aedilitas! Unus leo, ducenti bestiarii,
Cic. Sest. 64, 135:gladiatoribus et bestiariis obsedere rem publicam,
id. Vatin. 17, 40; so id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5; Sen. Ben. 2, 19, 1:ludus bestiariorum,
Sen. Ep. 70, 17; * Suet. Claud. 34. -
19 cancelli
cancelli, ōrum (sing. cancellus, Dig. 43, 24, 9, § 1), m. dim. [2. cancer], a lattice, enclosure, grating, grate, balustrade, bars, railings: ( = kinklides; Latini tamen cancellos non tantum fores tou dikastêriou, sed etiam omne consaeptum appellant, Salmas. Hist. Aug. p. 483) scenici et theatri, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 4:B.aenei rivorum,
Col. 8, 17, 6; the bar in a court of justice, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 59, § 135:tantus ex fori cancellis plausus excitatus,
the barrier in public spectacles, id. Sest. 58, 124:circi,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 64:aedium,
Dig. 30, 41, § 10; 33, 7, 12, § 26:fenestrarum,
Aug. Trin. 11, 2:saepta cancellorum,
Amm. 30, 4, 19.—Of the reticulated skin of the elephant, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 30; cf. cancello.—Trop., boundaries, limits (so perh. only in Cic.):II.si extra hos cancellos egredi conabor, quos mihi ipse circumdedi,
Cic. Quint. 10, 36:esse certam rerum forensibus cancellis circumscriptam scientiam,
id. de Or. 1, 12, 52: severitatis, Cod. Th. 1, 12, 8.—Meton., the space enclosed by boundaries, Auct. B. Afr. 15 fin. -
20 citer
cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].I.On this side:II. A.citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:in Galliā citeriore,
id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:citerior Hispania,
Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:Arabia,
Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:Oceanus,
Flor. 4, 12, 46:ripa,
Vell. 2, 107, 1.—In space:2.(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,
Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:citima Persidis (sc. loca),
Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —Trop.:B.deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,
Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,
id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,
id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,
id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:citerioris vitae minister,
private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:C.Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,
Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:in antiquius citeriusve,
Vell. 1, 17, 2:citeriore die (opp. longiore),
Dig. 23, 4, 15.—In measure or degree, small, little:III.citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,
Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:citerius debito resistere,
Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—Hence,A.cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).1.Prop.(α).Adv.:(β).(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,
neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:ultra citraque pervolare,
Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:citra est Oglasa,
id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:citra fuere margines,
id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—With acc.:2.Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 32:is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,citra Veliam,
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:citra mare,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:mare citra,
id. ib. 1, 10, 31:citra flumen intercepti,
Liv. 21, 48, 6:citra Tauri juga,
id. 38, 48, 1 al. —With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,
Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.(α).Adv.:(β).non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,
not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,
Liv. 10, 25, 4:citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:citra exsultare,
id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—With acc.:b.nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,
before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,
Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—Trop.(α).Adv. of measure:(β).neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,
Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:culta citra quam debuit illa,
id. P. 1, 7, 55.—With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;c.Nec virtus citra genus est,
is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:glans cum citra satietatem data est,
not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,fatigationem,
Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:scelus,
Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:citra necem tua constitit ira,
id. ib. 2, 127:usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,
Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —In time (with acc. rare;3.perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,
Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:Trojana tempora,
Ov. M. 8, 365:juventam,
id. ib. 10, 84:temporis finem,
Dig. 49, 16, 15.—Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:B.citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,
Col. 2, 2, 20:plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,
Quint. 12, 6, 4:Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,
id. 12, 10, 9:vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,
id. 12, 2, 1; so,accusationem,
id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,
id. 2, 16, 13:citra invidiam,
Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:citra ullum aliud incommodum,
id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:citra dolorem,
id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:morsum,
Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:vulnus,
id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:citra fidem,
Tac. Agr. 1:citra speciem aut delectationem,
id. G. 16:citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,
Suet. Caes. 28:commoda emeritorum,
id. Aug. 24:spem omnium fortuna cessit,
Flor. 3, 1, 2:etiam citra spectaculorum dies,
i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,
excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):ultro ac citro commeare,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:qui ultro citroque navigarent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:cursare ultro et citro,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,
Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,
Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,
Liv. 44, 23, 2:datā ultro citroque fide,
id. 29, 23, 5:inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,
Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:ultro citroque versus,
Amm. 30, 3, 5.
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