sincere

ἁπλότης, ητος, ἡ (s. ἁπλοῦς ‘single’, opp. of διπλοῦς ‘twofold’; X., Pla., et al.; OGI 764, 1; Kaibel 716, 5; LXX; Test12Patr; TestJob 26:6; Philo; Joseph.; s. Nägeli 52) ‘singleness’.

① In our lit. esp. of personal integrity expressed in word or action (cp. our colloq. ‘what you see is what you get’) simplicity, sincerity, uprightness, frankness ἐν ἁ. τῆς καρδίας ὑπακούειν obey w. a sincere heart (as vs. 6 indicates, not with an outward show that conceals improper motivation) Eph 6:5; cp. Col 3:22 (Diod S 5, 66, 4, ἁπλότης τῆς ψυχῆς =inmost sincerity; 1 Ch 29:17; Wsd 1:1; TestReub 4:1; TestSim 4:5; TestLevi 13:1); w. εἰλικρίνεια 2 Cor 1:12; cp. the Syr. rendering of 1 Cl 60:2 (text: ὁσιότης). ἐν ἁ. λέγειν speak simply, plainly, i.e., without ambiguity B 8:2 (cp. Dionys. Hal., Ars Rhet. 9, 14). ἐν ἁ. δηλῶσαι 17:1. ἐν ἁ. εὑρίσκεσθαι be found sincere Hm 2:7. ἡ ἁ. ἡ εἰς Χριστόν sincere devotion to Christ 2 Cor 11:3 (WWood, Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1925, 450–53).—Of simple goodness, which gives itself without reserve, ‘without strings attached’, ‘without hidden agendas’ (Jos., Bell. 5, 319, Ant. 7, 332; TestIss 3:8) ingenuousness Ro 12:8; 2 Cor 8:2; 9:11, 13. Hermas is esp. fond of this mng.: w. ἀκακία (Philo, Op. M. 170) Hv 1, 2, 4; 3, 9, 1; w. ἐγκράτεια Hv 2, 3, 2; w. νηπιότης Hs 9, 24, 3; ἐμμένειν τῇ ἁ. continue in your sincerity Hv 3, 1, 9. For this ἁ. ἔχειν m 2:1. Personif. w. other Christian virtues Hv 3, 8, 5 and 7; Hs 9, 15, 2.

② The interpretation generosity, liberality has frequently been proposed for Ro 12:8; 2 Cor 8:2; 9:11, *13 (w. support sought in TestIss 3:8 [s. RCharles, Test12Patr, 1908, on TestIss 3:1, 2, 8]; Kaibel 716, 5=IG XIV, 1517 [s. L-S-J-M s.v. II, 3]), but this sense (adopted by NRSV et al.) is in dispute, and it is prob. that mng. 1 in the sense of sincere concern, simple goodness is sufficient for all these pass. Aristot., EN 4, 1, 13f, 1120a documents the Gr-Rom. cultural perspective: giving should be done with enthusiasm and without grudging.—JAmstutz, ΑΠΛΟΤΗΣ ’68 (no pap or ins).—DELG s.v. ἁπλόος. EDNT. New Docs 5, 77. M-M. TW. Spicq.

ἁπλοῦς, ῆ, οῦν (Att. contr.; Aeschyl., Thu.+) pert. to being motivated by singleness of purpose so as to be open and aboveboard, single, without guile, sincere, straightforward i.e. without a hidden agenda (Plut., Mor. 63f: the gods take delight in beneficence for its own sake, but a flatterer’s performance is with mixed motives) εἶναι ἁ. τῇ καρδίᾳ be guileless B 19:2 (cp. SIG 1042, 12 ἁ. τῇ ψυχῇ; Pr 11:25; Ps.-Phocyl. 50). ἁ. διάνοια a sincere mind 1 Cl 23:1. W. ἄκακος (Diod S 13, 76; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 61, 2 Jac.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 136 §566) Hs 9, 24, 2. Of the eye (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 16 [p. 16, 9–11 Z.], with ref. to frank expression) single = unjaundiced, sincere (s. ἁπλότης 1; opp. πονηρός, whose mng. is apparent fr. Mt 20:15; Mk 7:22. Cp. Sir 14:10; 31:13; TestIss 3:2 πορευόμενος ἐν ἁπλότητι ὀφθαλμῶν; also IArsameia, Antiochus I, lines 210–20 [tr. Danker, Benefactor 251]: of attempt to conceal jealousy over another’s good fortune and ‘melting one’s eye’ in the process) Mt 6:22 (the Kommagene ins helps explain the intercalation of vss. 22f between two logia on approach to riches); Lk 11:34 (s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 98ff esp. 100f; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 189ff; CEdlund, D. Auge der Einfalt: ASNU 19, ’52, 51–122; HCadbury, The Single Eye: HTR 47, ’54, 69–74 holds out for generous; opposed by TThienemann, Gordon Review 1, ’55, 10–22. Plut., Mor. 63f distinguishes ἁ. ‘unreserved’ fr. ἐλευθέριος ‘liberal.’ See also λύχνος b, ὀφθαλμός 1, πονηρός 1b and 3a. Zahn, Mt p. 291 and Betz, SM 451 adopt a physiological sense for ἁ.: ‘healthy.’).—As of animals gener. (Aristot., HA 9, 1), so the superl. ἁπλούστατος (the form in X., Mem. 4, 2, 16; Polyb. 9, 10, 5; Strabo 7, 3, 7; Philo, Vi. Cont. 82) quite simple, guileless, of doves Mt 10:16 D.—The comp. ἁπλούστερον very simply B 6:5 (s. ἁπλῶς).—CSpicq, La vertu de Simplicité dans l’A. et le N. Test.: RSPT 22, ’33, 1–26; ESjöberg, StTh 5, ’51, 89–105; HBacht, Geist u. Leben 29, ’56, 416–26; JAmstutz, ΑΠΛΟΤΗΣ ’68; Betz, SM 437–53, esp. 449–53.—DELG s.v. ἁπλόος. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

εἰλικρινής, ές, gen. οῦς (s. εἰλικρίνεια; the etym. ‘judge in the light of the sun’ is dubious, s. Boisacq 223, n. 1 and Chantraine, DELG 320; Hippocr., X., Pla. et al.; Sb 7684, 3f; Wsd 7:25; Philo; Jos., Ant. 19, 321) gener. ‘unmixed, without alloy’, then in moral sense pert. to being sincere, without hidden motives or pretense, pure (so Pla., Phd. 66a εἰλικρινεῖ τῇ διανοίᾳ χρώμενος [cp. Just. D. 4, 1]; 81c ψυχὴ εἰ.; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 158 D.; OGI 227, 12; 763, 40; TestBenj 6:5), sincere w. ἀπρόσκοπος Phil 1:10. W. ἀκέραιος 1 Cl 2:5; εἰ. διάνοια pure mind (s. Plato above) 2 Pt 3:1; καρδία 2 Cl 9:8.—Frisk. M-M. TW. Spicq.

⁺ A 0-0-0-1-0=1 Prv 11,25

Cf. HORSLEY 1989, 77; SPICQ 1978a, 125-127; →NIDNTT; TWNT

-ας ⁺ ἡ N 1 80-191-172-343-177=963 Gn 6,5; 20,5.6; 42,28; 50,21

heart (as part of the body) Tob 6,4; heart (as centre and source of physical life) Ps 103(104),15; id. (as centre of the whole inner life into which God looks) 1 Sm 16,7; heart, mind (as the faculty of thought or understanding) Jb 17,4; heart, memory Prv 3,1; heart (of the will and its decisions) Jer 38,33; heart (of emotions, wishes and desires) Jb 37,1; id. (of moral life) Ps 23(24),4; heart, conscience (as feeling for good and evil) 1 Sm 24,6; heart (of disposition) 2 Kgs 23,3; middle, midst, centre Jon 2,4; depth Ps 45(46),3; heart (of a tree) Ez 17,22

ἀπὸ καρδίας out of (their own) heart (of false prophets) Is 44,25, see also Ez 13,3; ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ in or with his heart (with verbs) Gn 6,5; ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀληθινῇ with sincere heart Is 38,3; οἱ συντετριμμένοι τὴν καρδίαν the broken-hearted Is 57,15; ἐλάλησεν αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν καρδίαν he spoke kindly to them Gn 50,21; λαλῆσαι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῆς to speak kindly to her Jgs 19,3; μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου do not say to oneself Dt 8,17; ἀναβήσεται ῥήματα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου things will come up in your mind, you will think of something Ez 38,10; μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον let my Lord pay no attention to the man 1 Sm 25,25; κατισχῦσαι αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν to harden their heart, to encourage them Jos 11,20; ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ ἐποίησας τοῦτο you did this with a pure heart Gn 20,5; ποιεῖν αὐτοῦ τὰ θελήματα καρδίᾳ μεγάλῃ to do his wishes wholeheartedly or generously 2 Mc 1,3

*Ez 17,22 καρδίας αὐτῶν of their heart corr.? κράδας αὐτῶν (acc. pl. of κράδη) quivering spray at the end of their branch for MT ינקותיו it shoots; *1 Kgs 12,33 ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ out of his heart-ו/לב/מ (= MT^q) for MT^k לבד/מ all by himself; *Ez 13,3 ἀπὸ καρδίας out of their own hearts-לבם/מ for MT נבלים senseless, cpr. Ez 13,17; *Ps 84(85),9 πρὸς αὐτὸν καρδίαν (their) heart towards him-לו לב for MT כסלה/ל to folly; *Prv 15,22 ἐν δὲ καρδίαις in the hearts-לב/ב for MT רב/ב with a multitude, see also Prv 24,6;

*Prv 21,12 καρδίας the hearts-לבות for MT בית/ל (give attention) to the house; *Eccl 9,1 καὶ καρδία μου εἶδε and my heart saw-ראה ולבי for MT את בור/ול ברר and to examine

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 154-155(Dt 6,5); HARL 1986a, 61; LARCHER 1983 166-167(Wis 1,1).219 (Wis 2,2);

LE BOULLUEC 1989 67-68.121 (Ex 7,22-23); LUST 1997 240(Ez 17,22); PIETERSMA 1990, 265-266;

WALTERS 1973 197-198(Is 6,10).215(Ez 11,19); WEVERS 1990 130-131(Ex 9,14).509(Ex 31,6);

→TWNT

αὐθῐγενής, ές,

A born on the spot, born in the country, native,

Μοῦσα B.2.11

;

θεός Hdt.4.180

;

ἔθνος D.H.1.9

, cf. Luc.Herm.24; αὐ. ποταμοὶ Σκυθικοί the Scythian rivers that rise in the country, Hdt.4.48; τὸ ὕδωρ.. αὐ. μὲν οὔκ ἐστι not from a natural spring, Id.2.149;

δόκος E. Fr.472.5

(lyr.);

οἶνος Anaxandr.41.71

;

αὐ. καὶ ἄκρατος ἀλλοτρίοις ἤθεσι βίος τῶν ἐνύδρων Plu.2.976a

;

αὐ. καὶ αὐτόχθων ἐλευθερία IG7.2713.38

(speech of Nero).

2 genuine, sincere,

ἰάλεμος E.Rh. 895

(lyr.).

εἰλικριν-ής, ές,

A unmixed, without alloy, pure,

ἐκ πυρὸς τοῦ -εστάτου καὶ ὕδατος Hp. Vict.1.35

; θέρμη, ψῦξις, Id.VM19; διὰ τὸ εἰλικρινῆ ἕκαστα εἶναι (sc. τὰ φῦλα) distinct and separate, X.Cyr.8.5.14;

εἴ τῳ γένοιτο αὐτὸ τὸ καλὸν ἰδεῖν εἰ., καθαρόν, ἄμεικτον Pl.Smp. 211e

; τὸ ἧττον εἰ., opp. τὸ καθαρώτερον, Arist.Mete. 340b8;

τῶν χρωμάτων οὐδὲν ὁρῶμεν εἰ. οἷόν ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ πάντα κεκραμένα Id.Col. 793b13

;

τὸ λευκὸν [μέλι] οὐκ ἐκ θύμου εἰλικρινοῦς Id.HA 627a3

;

εἰ. καὶ ἀμιγής Id.de An. 426b4

;

ἐν μεγάλῳ εἰ. καὶ κενῷ Epicur.Ep.2p.37U.

(fort. καὶ εἰ.)

; τὸ ἓν εἰ. καὶ καθαρόν Plu. 2.393c

.

2 pure, simple, absolute, αὐτῇ καθ' αὑτὴν εἰλικρινεῖ τῇ διανοίᾳ χρώμενος the pure and absolute intellect, Pl.Phd. 66a; ψυχὴν αὐτὴν καθ' αὑτὴν εἰ. ἀπαλλάξεσθαι ib. 81c; γνωσόμεθα.. πᾶν τὸ εἰ. the pure and absolute, ib. 67b; τὸ καθαρόν τε καὶ εἰ. Id.Phlb. 52d;

τὰς τέρψεις εἰ. ἀποδιδόναι Isoc.1.46

; ἡδονὴ εἰ. Arist.EN 1176b20;

εὐπορία -εστάτη Epicur.Sent.14

; also of evil things, sheer, absolute,

ἀδικία X.Mem.2.2.3

.

3 sincere,

ἀπόδεξις OGI227.12

(Didyma, iii B. C.); εὔνοια ib.763.41 (Milet., ii B. C.); of persons, Ep.Phil.1.10. Adv. -

νῶς OGI441.5

(i B. C.).

4 total,

ἐκλείψεις Cleom.2.5

.

II Adv. - νῶς without mixture, of itself, simply, absolutely,

διὰ τὸ εἰ. εἶναι Ἕλληνας καὶ ἀμιγεῖς βαρβάρων Pl.Mx. 245d

; τὸ εἰ. ὄν absolute being, Id.R. 477a;

εἰ. ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὡρμημένους Id.Smp. 181c

;

εἰ. ὅλον λευκόν Arist.Ph. 187b4

; without qualification, -

νῶς Ταραντῖνοι Arr.Tact. 4.6

: [dialect] Ion. [suff] εἰλικριν-έως, κρίνεσθαι to have a clear crisis, Hp.Epid.4.7.—The word is confined to Prose.

εὐθῠ-φρων, ον, gen. ονος, ([etym.] φρήν)

A whole-hearted, sincere, A.Eu. 1040, f.l. ib. 1034 (both lyr.).

φρήν, ἡ, gen. φρενός, pl. φρένες, gen. φρενῶν, dat. φρεσί: older dat. pl. φρασί ([etym.] ν) IG12.971 (vi B. C.), Pi.N.3.62, BMus.Inscr.909 (Halic., i B. C.): (v. sub fin.):

I midriff,

κραδία φρένα λακτίζει A.Pr. 881

(anap.); elsewh. always in pl.,

ἔνθα φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφ' ἁδινὸν κῆρ Il.16.481

, cf. Hp. VM22, Art.41; τὰς φρένας διάφραγμα εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν (sc. τοῦ θώρακος καὶ τοῦ κύτους)

τιθέντες Pl.Ti. 70a

;

τοῦτο δὲ τὸ διάζωμα καλοῦσί τινες φρένας, ὃ διορίζει τόν τε πλεύμονα καὶ τὴν καρδίαν Arist.PA 672b11

, cf. HA 496b11, 506a6; also, in Hom., more vaguely,

πρὸς στῆθος ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Od.9.301

;

μένεος φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντ' Il.1.103

, al.;

φρένας.. εἰς αὐτὰς τυπείς A.Pr. 363

, cf. Eu. 159 (lyr.).

2 heart, as seat of the passions, e.g. of fear,

τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός Il.10.10

; of joy and grief,

φρένα τέρπεσθαι φόρμιγγι 9.186

;

γάνυται φρένα ποιμήν 13.493

;

τί σε φρένας ἵκετοπένθος; 1.362

;

ἄχος πύκασε φρένας 8.124

;

ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψε 3.442

; of anger, Od.6.147; of courage,

ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες Il. 13.487

;

ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη 22.475

, cf. 8.202, etc.; of bodily appetites, such as hunger, etc., 11.89: the shades of the dead are without it,

ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν 23.104

(exc. the shade of Teiresias, Od.10.493): so generally in Poets,

φρενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἄλγεα κεῖται Sol.

ap. Arist.Ath.5.2;

κῆλα δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας Pi.P.1.12

;

φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας A.Supp. 379

;

μαινομένα φρενί Id.Th. 484

(lyr.);

στυγεῖν μιᾷ φρενί Id.Eu. 986

(lyr.);

Διὸς γὰρ δυσπαραίτητοι φ. Id.Pr.34

; ἐκ φρενός from one's very heart, ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος a sincere speech, Id.Ch. 107;

ἐτύμως δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th. 919

(lyr.); οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός not superficially and carelessly, Id.Ag. 805 (anap.); φρενὸς ἐκ φιλίας ib. 1515 (anap.), cf. 546; φῦσαι φρένας to produce a haughty spirit, S.El. 1463.

3 mind, as seat of the mental faculties, perception, thought,

ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φ. Il.22.296

;

μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί 9.600

; μετὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίξαι, βάλλεσθαι, Od.10.438, Il.9.434;

ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν 2.301

; τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσί θῆκε put in his mind, suggested it, 1.55;

σφῶϊν δ' ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν 13.55

; ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος ib. 121, cf. 1.297, etc.; φρένας παραπεῖσαι, πείθειν, 7.120, 16.842; ἐπιγνάμπτει φρένας (v.l. for νόον)

ἐσθλῶν 9.514

;

Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν 10.45

; ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειός rich (only) in his imagination, Hes.Op. 455; ὀρθᾷ, ἐλευθέρᾳ φρενί, Pi.O.8.24, P.2.57;

φρένες γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόφουν A.Pers. 767

;

ἡ γλῶσσ' ὀμώμοχ', ἡ δὲ φ. ἀνώμοτος E.Hipp. 612

;

κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν Il.1.193

, al.: pl., wits,

Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362

, cf. 454, 18.331;

πλήγη φρένας ἂς πάρος εἶχεν Il.13.394

;

ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας 16.403

;

βλάπτε φρένας Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας 15.724

;

ἐξ... τοι θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν 7.360

; φρένας ἄφρων, φρένας ἠλέ or ἠλεέ, 4.104, 15.128, Od.2.243: of losing one's wits, φρενῶν ἀφεστάναι, ἐκστῆναι, μεθεστάναι, S.Ph. 865, E.Or. 1021, Ba. 944;

τὰς φ. ἐκβάλλειν S.Ant. 648

;

ἔξω φρενῶν Pi.O.7.47

;

φρενῶν οὐκ ἔνδον ὤν E.Heracl. 709

;

φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.Ag. 479

(lyr.);

κενός S.Ant. 754

;

τητώμενοι Id.El. 1326

; ἔξεδροι, παράκοποι, E.Hipp. 935, Ba.33;

ποῦ ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν; S.El. 390

;

φρένες διάστροφοι A.Pr. 673

, S.Aj. 447;

μαργότης φρενῶν Id.Fr. 846

;

ἀνακίνησις φρενῶν Id.OT 727

, etc.; of persons in their senses,

ἐπήβολος φρενῶν Id.Ant. 492

;

ἀνδρὸς νοῦν ἔχοντος καὶ φρένας Ar.Ra. 535

(lyr.) (so in later Prose,

οἱ φρένας ἔχοντες Phld.Po.5.19

, Rh.1.240S.; οἱ τῶν σοφιστῶν τὰς κοινὰς φ. ἔχοντες ib.202S.); also

ἔσω φρενῶν λέγειν A.Ag. 1052

;

γράφου φρενῶν ἔσω S.Ph. 1325

;

τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φ. Ar.Nu. 153

; φρένες, opp. σῶμα, Hdt.3.134; so

αἱ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν E.El. 387

; attributed to animals,

μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή Il.4.245

, cf. 16.157, etc.—The word is not common in early Prose,

τίς αὐτῶν νόος ἢ φρήν; Heraclit.104

; συμφορὰ τῶν φ., i.e. madness, And.2.7;

παραλλάττει τῶν φ. Lys.Fr.90

;

καρποῦ μὲν ἀφθονία φρενῶν δὲ ἀφορία X.Smp.4.55

;

νοῦς καὶ φρένες D.18.324

, cf. 25.33.

4 will, purpose,

οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν Il.15.194

;

σῆς ἀπεστάτουν φ. S.Ant. 993

, cf.OC 1182.—In usage there is little or no distinction observable between sg. and pl., but the sg. is not found in Prose (exc. Heraclit. l.c.) or Com. (exc. in paratrag., Ar. Ra. 886).

καρδία, ας, ἡ (since Hom. [καρδίη, κραδίη]. Rather rare in other wr. in the period of the Gk. Bible [s. Diod S 32, 20; Plut., Mor. p. 30a; 63a; Epict. 1, 27, 21; M. Ant. 2, 3, 3; 7, 13, 3; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 4, 1, 5; Lucian; pap, incl. PGM 5, 157; 13, 263; 833; 1066; s. below 1bη], but common LXX, pseudepigr.; Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 39, 5; 46, 5 al.; Ath. 31, 3. On Philo and Joseph. s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht d. Jos. ’32, 21).

① heart as seat of physical, spiritual and mental life (as freq. in Gk. lit.), fig. extension of ‘heart’ as an organ of the body (Il. 13, 282 al.), a mng. not found in our lit.

ⓐ as the center and source of physical life (Ps 101:5; 103:15) ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς … τὰς κ. satisfying the hearts w. food Ac 14:17. τρέφειν τὰς κ. fatten the hearts Js 5:5.

ⓑ as center and source of the whole inner life, w. its thinking, feeling, and volition (νοῦν κ. φρένας κ. διάνοιαν κ. λογισμὸν εἶπέ τις ποιητὴς [Hes., Fgm. 247 Rz.] ἐν καρδίᾳ περιέχεσθαι=some poet said that the heart embraces perception, wit, intellect, and reflection), of humans whether in their pre-Christian or Christian experience

α. in an all-inclusive sense: said of God’s or Christ’s awareness about the inner life of humans γινώσκειν τὰς καρδίας (cp. 1 Km 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; s. also Did., Gen. 170, 24) Lk 16:15; δοκιμάζειν 1 Th 2:4; ἐρευνᾶν Ro 8:27; Rv 2:23 (νεφροὺς κ. καρδίας as Ps 7:10; Jer 17:10; 20:12); κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας Hb 4:12; τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς κ. 1 Cor 14:25 (cp. TestReub 1:4). Generally, of human attitudes ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς κ. ἄνθρωπος 1 Pt 3:4. ἐκ καρδίας from (the bottom of) the heart=sincerely (Aristoph., Nub. 86) Ro 6:17. Also ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν (M. Ant. 2, 3, 3 ἀπὸ καρδίας εὐχάριστος τ. θεοῖς; Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 19; Is 59:13; La 3:33) Mt 18:35. ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας (TestLevi 13:1) Ac 8:37 v.l. Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν 1 Pt 3:15. Opp. κοιλία Mk 7:19. Opp. πρόσωπον and καρδία externals and inner attitude of heart (cp. 1 Km 16:7 ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον, ὁ δὲ θεὸς ὄψεται εἰς καρδίαν) 2 Cor 5:12. The same contrast προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ outwardly, not inwardly 1 Th 2:17. As seat of inner life in contrast to mouth or lips, which either give expression to the inner life or deny it Mt 15:8; Mk 7:6 (both Is 29:13); Mt 15:18; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14); vs. 9f; 2 Cor 6:11. ψάλλοντες (+ ἐν v.l.) τῇ καρδίᾳ Eph 5:19. ᾂδειν ἐν ταῖς κ. Col 3:16.

β. of inner awareness (see the ‘poet’ under 1b above; Aesop, Fab. 254P.=232H/134b H-H./184 Ch.; 3 Km 10:2; Job 12:3; 17:4): 2 Cor 4:6; Eph 1:18; 2 Pt 1:19. τῇ κ. συνιέναι understand Mt 13:15b; Ac 28:27b (both Is 6:10). νοεῖν τῇ κ. think J 12:40b. ἐν τῇ κ. λέγειν (Dt 8:17; 9:4; Ps 13:1. Also Aesop Fab. 62 H.=283b 5 H-H./179c Ch. βοῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ alternating w. ταῦτα καθʼ ἑαυτὸν λέγοντος) say to oneself, i.e. think, reflect, without saying anything aloud Mt 24:48; Lk 12:45; Ro 10:6; Rv 18:7; διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:6, 8; Lk 3:15; 5:22; Hv 1, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3. The κ. as the source of διαλογισμοί Mt 15:19; Mk 7:21; Lk 2:35; 9:47. διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 24:38. ἀναβαίνει τι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν τινός someth. enters someone’s mind=someone thinks of someth. (s. ἀναβαίνω 2) Ac 7:23; 1 Cor 2:9; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 3, 5; Hs 5, 7, 2. Also of memory Hv 3, 7, 6; m 4, 2, 2; 6, 2, 8. θέσθαι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 1:66. διατηρεῖν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ Lk 2:51 (cp. TestLevi 6:2). συμβάλλειν vs. 19. ἐνθυμεῖσθαι Mt 9:4. διακρίνειν Hv 1, 2, 2. πάντα τὰ ῥήματά μου ἐν καρδίᾳ λαμβάνων taking all my words to heart AcPl Ha 1, 6.—Likew. of a lack of understanding: ἡ ἀσύνετος κ. the senseless mind Ro 1:21; βραδὺς τῇ κ. slow of comprehension Lk 24:25 (cp. Tetr. Iamb. 2, 31a, 6 the mocking words of the fox ὦ ἀνόητε κ. βραδὺ τῇ καρδίᾳ). ἐπαχύνθη ἡ κ. τοῦ λαοῦ Mt 13:15a; Ac 28:27a (both Is 6:10). πωροῦν τὴν κ. J 12:40a; κ. πεπωρωμένη Mk 6:52; 8:17; ἡ πώρωσις τῆς κ. 3:5; Eph 4:18. ἀπατᾶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ Js 1:26; cp. Ro 16:18. κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν κ. κεῖται 2 Cor 3:15 (cp. ἐστί τι ‘κάλλυμα’ ἀγνοίας ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 50, 5).—As the seat of thought, κ. is also the seat of doubt διακρίνεσθαι ἐν τῇ κ. Mk 11:23. διστάζειν Hm 9:5.—The gospel is sown in the heart Mt 13:19 v.l.; Mk 4:15 v.l.; Lk 8:12, 15. God opens the heart Ac 16:14 or the eyes of the heart Eph 1:18; 1 Cl 59:3 to Christian knowledge.

γ. of the will and its decisions (Diod S 32, 20) ἕκαστος καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ κ. each of you must give as you have made up your mind 2 Cor 9:7 (NRSV) (cp. TestJos 17:3 ἐπὶ προαιρέσει καρδίας). θέτε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν (s. 1 Km 21:13) make up your minds Lk 21:14; cp. Ac 5:4. πρόθεσις τ. καρδίας 11:23. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν κ. ἵνα put it into someone’s heart to J 13:2. Also διδόναι εἰς τ. κ. (2 Esdr 17:5) w. inf. foll. Rv 17:17, or πληροῦν τὴν κ. w. inf. foll. Ac 5:3. Cp. 1 Cor 4:5; 7:37; 2 Cor 8:16; in citation Hb 3:8, 15; 4:7 (each Ps 94:8) al. πλανᾶσθαι τῇ κ. 3:10. God’s law written in human hearts Ro 2:15; 2 Cor 3:2f. In citation Hb 8:10; 10:16 (both Jer 38:33). Stability in the face of dissident teaching Hb 13:9.

δ. of moral decisions, the moral life, of vices and virtues: ἁγνίζειν τὰς κ. Js 4:8; καθαρίζειν τὰς κ. Ac 15:9; Hv 3, 9, 8; w. ἀπό τινος Hm 12, 6, 5; καθαρὸς τῇ κ. pure in heart (Ps 23:4) Mt 5:8; καθαρὰ κ. (Sextus 46b) Hv 4, 2, 5; 5:7; m 2:7 cj.; Hs 7:6. ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς κ. ἀπὸ συνειδήσεως πονηρᾶς with hearts sprinkled clean from a consciousness of guilt Hb 10:22. κ. ἄμεμπτος 1 Th 3:13. ἀμετανόητος Ro 2:5. κ. πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας Hb 3:12; λίθιναι κ. B 6:14 (Ezk 36:26). γεγυμνασμένη πλεονεξίας trained in greediness 2 Pt 2:14 (cp. κ. … ἐπὶ τὸ κακὸν ἔγκειται Did., Gen. 104, 14). Cp. Lk 21:34; Ac 8:21f. περιτομὴ καρδίας (cp. Jer 9:25; Ezk 44:7, 9) Ro 2:29.—B 9:1; 10:12. Cp. Ac 7:51.

ε. of the emotions, wishes, desires (Theognis 1, 366; Bacchylides 17, 18): ἐπιθυμίαι τῶν κ. desires of the heart Ro 1:24. ἐπὶ τὴν κ. σου ἀνέβη ἡ ἐπιθυμία τ. πονηρίας Hv 1, 1, 8; cp. Hs 5, 1, 5. ἐνθύμησις m 4, 1, 2; 6, 2, 7. μὴ ἀναβαινέτω σου ἐπὶ τὴν κ. περὶ γυναικός m 4, 1, 1; cp. Hv 1, 2, 4; Mt 5:28.—6:21; 12:34f; Lk 6:45; 12:34; 24:32 (s. καίω 1b); Js 3:14; 5:8. Of joy: ηὐφράνθη ἡ κ. Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9). χαρήσεται ἡ κ. J 16:22. Of sorrow: ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν τὴν κ. 16:6; λύπη ἐγκάθηται εἰς τὴν κ. grief sits in the heart Hm 10, 3, 3. ἡ κ. ταράσσεται (Job 37:1; Ps 142:4) J 14:1, 27; ὀδύνη τῇ κ. Ro 9:2. συνοχὴ καρδίας anguish of heart 2 Cor 2:4; διαπρίεσθαι ταῖς κ. Ac 7:54; κατανυγῆναι τὴν κ. 2:37; συνθρύπτειν τὴν κ. 21:13. κ. συντετριμμένη a broken heart B 2:10; 1 Cl 18:17b (Ps 50:19). συντετριμμένοι τὴν κ. Lk 4:18 v.l. παρακαλεῖν τὰς κ. Eph 6:22; Col 2:2; 4:8; 2 Th 2:17. Of hope (Ps 111:7) Hm 12, 5, 2. Of repentance ἐξ ὅλης κ. Hv 3, 13, 4; m 5, 1, 7; 12, 6, 1. Of sensitivity about doing what is right (1 Km 24:6; 2 Km 24:10) 1J 3:19, 20, 21 (s. ASkrinjar, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 340–50). Of a wish εὐδοκία τῆς κ. (s. εὐδοκία 3) Ro 10:1. Of a longing for God τὴν κ. ἔχειν πρὸς κύριον Hm 10, 1, 6. ἐπιστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἐξ ὅλης τῆς κ. 12, 6, 2 (cp. 3 Km 8:48). προσέρχεσθαι μετὰ ἀληθινῆς κ. with sincere desire (cp. Is 38:3; TestDan 5:3 ἀλ. κ.) Hb 10:22. Cp. the opposite Ac 7:39.—Also of the wish or desire of God ἀνὴρ κατὰ τὴν κ. (τοῦ θεοῦ) after God’s heart i.e. as God wishes him to be Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14).

ζ. esp. also of love (Aristoph., Nub. 86 ἐκ τῆς κ. φιλεῖν; M. Ant. 7, 13, 3 ἀπὸ κ. φιλεῖν τ. ἀνθρώπους) ἀγαπᾶν τινα ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας Mk 12:30, 33; Lk 10:27 (cp. Dt 6:5 and APF 5, 1913, 393 no. 312, 9 ἐκ ψυχῆς κ. καρδίας). ἐν ὅλῃ τ. καρδίᾳ Mt 22:37; ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα Lk 1:17 (Mal 3:23); εἶναι ἐν τῇ κ. have a place in the heart 2 Cor 7:3; ἔχειν τινὰ ἐν τῇ κ. Phil 1:7; Hm 12, 4, 3; Hs 5, 4, 3; cp. m 12, 4, 5; κατευθύνειν τὰς κ. εἰς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Th 3:5.—The opp. κατά τινος ἐν τῇ κ. ἔχειν have someth. against someone Hv 3, 6, 3.

η. of disposition (TestJob 48:1 ἀνέλαβεν ἄλλην κ.) διάνοια καρδίας Lk 1:51; ἁπλότης (τ.) καρδίας (TestReub 4:1, Sim 4:5 al.) Eph 6:5; Col 3:22; ἀφελότης καρδίας Ac 2:46. κ. καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32 (cp. Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 5]; combination of ψυχή and καρδία as PGM 7, 472; IDefixWünsch 3, 15; Dt 11:18; 1 Km 2:35; 4 Km 23:3 and oft. LXX—on such combinations s. Reader, Polemo p. 260 and cp. Demosth. 18, 220 ῥώμη καὶ τόλμη). πραῢς καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ κ. Mt 11:29 (cp. TestReub 6:10). ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν let the peace of Christ control you Col 3:15; cp. Phil 4:7.

θ. The human καρδία as the dwelling-place of heavenly powers and beings (PGM 1, 21 ἔσται τι ἔνθεον ἐν τῇ σῇ κ.): of the Spirit Ro 5:5; 2 Cor 1:22; Gal 4:6; of the Lord Eph 3:17; of the angel of righteousness Hm 6, 2, 3; 5.

② interior, center, heart, fig. ext. of 1 (Ezk 27:4, 25; Jon 2:4; Ps 45:3; EpJer 19) τῆς γῆς Mt 12:40.—S., in addition to works on Bibl. anthropology and psychology (πνεῦμα end): HKornfeld, Herz u. Gehirn in altjüd. Auffassung: Jahrb. für jüd. Gesch. u. Lit. 12, 1909, 81–89; ASchlatter, Herz. u. Gehirn im 1. Jahrh.: THaering Festschr. 1918, 86–94; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 216–22 (Paul), tr., Theol. of the NT, KGrobel, ’51, I, 220–27; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 305–33. For OT viewpoints s. RNorth, BRev 11/3, ’95, 33 (lit.)—B. 251. EDNT. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

μετανοέω fut. μετανοήσω; 1 aor. μετενόησα (ἐμετενόησαν w. double augment ApcEsdr 2:24) (s. next entry; Antiphon+)

① change one’s mind Hv 3, 7, 3; m 11:4 (cp. Diod S 15, 47, 3 μετενόησεν ὁ δῆμος; 17, 5, 1; Epict. 2, 22, 35; Appian, Hann. 35 §151, Mithrid. 58 §238; Stob., Ecl. II 113, 5ff W.; PSI 495, 9 [258 B.C.]; Jos., Vi. 110; 262), then

② feel remorse, repent, be converted (in a variety of relationships and in connection w. varied responsibilities, moral, political, social or religious: X., Hell. 1, 7, 19 οὐ μετανοήσαντες ὕστερον εὑρήσετε σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας τὰ μέγιστα ἐς θεούς τε καὶ ὑμᾶς αὐτούς= instead of realizing too late that you have grossly sinned against the gods; Plut., Vi. Camill. 143 [29, 3], Galba 1055 [6, 4], also Mor. 74c; M. Ant. 8, 2 and 53; Ps.-Lucian, De Salt. 84 μετανοῆσαι ἐφʼ οἷς ἐποίησεν; Herm. Wr. 1, 28; OGI 751, 9 [II B.C.] θεωρῶν οὖν ὑμᾶς μετανενοηκότας τε ἐπὶ τοῖς προημαρτημένοις; SIG 1268, 2, 8 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτὼν μετανόει; PSI 495, 9 [258/257 B.C.]; BGU 747 I, 11; 1024 IV, 25; PTebt 424, 5; Is 46:8; Jer 8:6; Sir 17:24; 48:15; oft. Test12 Patr [s. index]; Philo [s. μετάνοια]; Jos., Bell. 5, 415, Ant. 7, 153; 320; Just.) in (religio-)ethical sense ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μ. repent in sackcloth and ashes Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. As a prerequisite for experiencing the Reign of God in the preaching of John the Baptist and Jesus Mt 3:2; 4:17; Mk 1:15. As the subject of the disciples’ proclamation 6:12; Ac 17:30; 26:20. Failure to repent leads to destruction Lk 13:3, 5; Mt 11:20 (ἢ … μετανοήσωσιν ἢ ἐπιμείναντες δικαίως κριθῶσι Hippol., Ref. 1, pref. 2). Repentance saves (cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 239 ὁ μετανοῶν σῴζεται; 253; Just., D. 141, 2 ἐὰν μετανοήσωσι, πάντες … τυχεῖν τοῦ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐλέους δύνανται) 12:41; Lk 11:32; cp. 15:7, 10; 16:30. μ. εἰς τὸ κήρυγμά τινος repent at or because of someone’s proclamation Mt 12:41; Lk 11:32 (B-D-F §207, 1; Rob. 593; s. εἰς 10a). W. ἐπί τινι to denote the reason repent of, because of someth. (Chariton 3, 3, 11; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 84; M. Ant. 8, 2; 10; 53; Jo 2:13; Jon 3:10; 4:2; Am 7:3, 6; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 7; TestJud 15:4; Philo, Virt. 180; Jos., Ant. 7, 264; Just., D. 95, 3.—B-D-F §235, 2) ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ of their immorality 2 Cor 12:21. ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν of their sins 1 Cl 7:7 (Just., D. 141, 2; cp. OGI 751, 9f). ἐπί w. subst. inf. foll. MPol 7:3 (Just., D. 123, 6). Also διά τι Hv 3, 7, 2. Since in μ. the negative impulse of turning away is dominant, it is also used w. ἀπό τινος: repent and turn away from someth. ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας (Jer 8:6; Just., D. 109, 1) Ac 8:22 (MWilcox, The Semitisms of Ac, ’65, 102–105). ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνομίας 1 Cl 8:3 (quot. of unknown orig.). Also ἔκ τινος Rv 2:21b, 22; 9:20f; 16:11. W. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν Ac 26:20. μ. εἰς ἑνότητα θεοῦ turn in repentance to the unity of God (which precludes all disunity) IPhld 8:1b; cp. ISm 9:1. But μ. εἰς τὸ πάθος repent of the way they think about the suffering (of Christ, which the Docetists deny) 5:3. W. inf. foll. Rv 16:9. W. ὅτι foll. repent because or that (Jos., Ant. 2, 315) Hm 10, 2, 3. W. adv. ἀδιστάκτως Hs 8, 10, 3. βραδύτερον Hs 8, 7, 3; 8, 8, 3b. πυκνῶς m 11:4. ταχύ Hs 8, 7, 5; 8, 8, 3a; 5b; 8, 10, 1; 9, 19, 2; 9, 21, 4; 9, 23, 2c. μ. ἐξ ὅλης (τῆς) καρδίας repent w. the whole heart 2 Cl 8:2; 17:1; 19:1; Hv 1, 3, 2; 2, 2, 4; 3, 13, 4b; 4, 2, 5; m 5, 1, 7; 12, 6, 1; Hs 7:4; 8, 11, 3. μ. ἐξ εἰλικρινοῦς καρδίας repent w. a sincere heart 2 Cl 9:8.—The word is found further, and used abs. (Diod S 13, 53, 3; Epict., En 34; Oenomaus [time of Hadrian] in Eus., PE 5, 19, 1 μετανοεῖτε as directive; Philo, Mos. 2, 167 al.; Jos., Ant. 2, 322; Just., D. 12, 2; Theoph. Ant. 3, 24 [p. 254, 17]; εἰ ἤκουσαν μετανοήσαντες, οὐκ ἐπήγετο ὁ κατακλυσμός Did., Gen. 186, 9; ἁμαρτωλὸς … πρὸς το͂ μετανοεῖν πορευόμενος Orig., C. Cels 3, 64, 5) Lk 17:3f; Ac 2:38; 3:19; Rv 2:5a (Vi. Aesopi G 85 P. μετανόησον=take counsel with yourself), vs. 5b, 16, 21; 3:3, 19; 2 Cl 8:1, 2, 3; 13:1; 15:1; 16:1; IPhld 3:2; 8:1a; ISm 4:1; Hv 1, 1, 9; 3, 3, 2; 3, 5, 5; 3, 7, 6; 3, 13, 4a; 5:7; m 4, 1, 5; 7ff; 4, 2, 2; 4, 3, 6; 9:6; 10, 2, 4; 12, 3, 3; Hs 4:4; 6, 1, 3f; 6, 3, 6; 6, 5, 7; 7:2; 4f; 8, 6, 1ff; 8, 7, 2f; 8, 8, 2; 5a; 8, 9, 2; 4; 8, 11, 1f; 9, 14, 1f; 9, 20, 4; 9, 22, 3f; 9, 23, 2; 5; 9, 26, 6; 8; D 10:6; 15:3; PtK 3 p. 15, 11; 27.—S. also MPol 9:2; 11:1f, in the sense regret having become a Christian; AcPl Ha 1, 17.—Windisch, Exc. on 2 Cor 7:10 p. 233f; Norden, Agn. Th. 134ff; FShipham, ET 46, ’35, 277–80; EDietrich, D. Umkehr (Bekehrg. u. Busse) im AT u. im Judent. b. bes. Berücksichtigg. der ntl. Zeit ’36; HPohlmann, D. Metanoia ’38; OMichel, EvTh 5, ’38, 403–14; BPoschmann, Paenitentia secunda ’40, 1–205 (NT and Apost. Fathers).—On the distinctive character of NT usage s. Thompson 28f, s.v. μεταμέλομαι, end.—B. 1123. DELG s.v. νόος. M-M. TW. Spicq.

νόημα, ατος, τό (since Hom.; also LXX; En 5:8; Just.; Ath, 27, 2)

① that which one has in mind as product of intellectual process

ⓐ thought, gener. (Hom. et al.; Pla., Symp. 197e; SibOr 3, 585) αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν ν. εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ we take captive all our thinking to make it obedient to Christ 2 Cor 10:5. Mostly in pl. (Cornutus 16 p. 21, 2; oft. Philo; Herm. Wr. 9, 3) τ. καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ ν. ὑμῶν your hearts and thoughts, Phil 4:7 (so REB) probably belongs here, and the same may apply to 2 Cor 3:14.; 4:4 (but s. 2 on these three pass.).

ⓑ design, purpose, intention (Od. 8, 559; Pla., Pol. 260d) of an evil nature (Il. 10, 104; cp. 18, 318; Bar 2:8) Satan’s schemes 2 Cor 2:11.

② the faculty of processing thought, mind, understanding (Il. 19, 218 et al.; 3 Macc 5:30) pl. ἐπωρώθη τὰ νοήματα αὐτῶν 2 Cor 3:14. ὁ θεὸς τ. αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα τ. ἀπίστων 4:4. These two pass. ‘minds’ REB, NRSV. μή πως φθαρῇ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τ. ἁπλότητος τῆς εἰς Χριστόν that perhaps your minds will suffer deterioration of your sincere devotion to Christ 11:3 (REB and NRSV ‘thoughts’). Some would also put Phil 4:7 here (NRSV ‘minds’), but on this and the first two pass. s. 1a.—DELG s.v. νόος. M-M. TW.

ἀνυπόκριτος, ον (s. ὑποκρίτης; schol. on Aristoph., Av. 798; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. §69, 188 αἰδώς; Ps.-Demetr., De Eloc. 194; Wsd 5:18; 18:15) pert. to being without pretense, genuine, sincere, lit. ‘without play-acting’ ἀγάπη (ApcSed 1:4) Ro 12:9; 2 Cor 6:6. φιλαδελφία 1 Pt 1:22. πίστις 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 1:5. σοφία Js 3:17.—DELG s.v. κρίνω. M-M. TW. Spicq.

ἀποδείκνυμι 1 aor. ἀπέδειξα. Pass.: 1 aor. ἀπεδείχθην LXX; pf. 3 sg. ἀποδέδεικται (Ar. 13, 8; Just.); ptc. ἀποδεδειγμένος (Pind., Hdt.+) gener. to ‘point away’ and ‘direct attention’ to a specific object.

① to show forth for public recognition as so and so, make, render, proclaim, appoint, esp. as administrative term w. double acc. (in var. senses: X., Cyr. 1, 2, 5 παῖδας βελτίστους ἀ.; Socrat., Ep. 28, 11 [=Malherbe 292, 10]; Diod S 2, 26, 6; Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 1; Da 2:48; 2 Macc 14:26 [Swete]; Jos., Ant. 8, 162; Just., D. 86, 4 ῥάβδος … ἀρχιερέα αὐτὸν ἀπέδειξε ‘[Aaron’s] rod … declared him highpriest’) of God (Jos., Ant. 11, 3; TestJos 2:7) ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους ἐσχάτους ἀπέδειξεν he has made/exhibited us (as) the last ones perh. in a triumphal procession 1 Cor 4:9; Paul’s use of irony suggests a double sense. W. ὅτι foll. instead of the second acc. ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός proclaiming that he himself is God 2 Th 2:4. Pass. (Diod S 3, 59, 2) διάκονοι, ἀποδεδειγμένοι ἐν γνώμῃ Ἰησοῦ assistants, appointed w. the approval of Jesus IPhld ins (cp. PPetr III, 36a verso, 17 ἀποδεδειγμένοι ἐπίσκοποι: PGen 36, 2; Jos., Ant. 7, 356).

② to show forth the quality of an entity, show forth, display (PLond III, 904, 34 [104 A.D.] p. 126; BGU 388 II, 19) τὸ ἀκέραιον τῆς πραΰτητος αὐτῶν βούλημα ἀποδειξάτωσαν let them display a sincere and gentle disposition 1 Cl 21:7. Pass. ἄνδρα ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ attested by God Ac 2:22 (cp. Esth 3:13c; also Diod S 20, 40, 6 ἀποδεδειγμένος εἰς τ. πόλιν=well-liked in the city).

③ to demonstrate that someth. is true, prove τὶ someth. (4 Macc 1:8; TestAbr B 115:17f [Stone p. 78]; Just., A I, 52, 1 [acc. w. inf.]; D. 100, 1; 68, 1 ὅτι; 59, 1 πῶς al.) Ac 25:7.—EPeterson, Deissmann Festschr. 1926, 320ff.

④ like δείκνυμι to draw attention to a specific object, show (Hdt. 3, 122, 4; Thu. 1, 129, 1) προῆγεν αὐτ[οὺς …] |.[.φ]ωσ̣[τὴ]ρ ἀπεδίκνυεν (Christ) went ahead of them [and like] a star showed them the way AcPl Ha 7, 34f; Lk 10:1 D.—M-M.