sententia+sen

paenĭtĕo (less correctly poen-), ui, no sup., ēre, 2, v. a. and impers. [root in poena, q. v.; Gr. poinê].

Act., to cause to repent, to displease (anteclass. and late Lat.):

et me quidem haec conditio nunc non paenitet,

causes me no regret, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 50: quod male emptum est semper paenitet, Cat. ap. Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 26:

paenitemini et credite Evangelio,

repent, Vulg. Marc. 1, 15; id. Act. 3, 19.—

Neutr., to repent, be sorry:

momenta certaminum assuefaciebant militem minus jam tandem aut virtutis aut fortunae paenitere suae,

Liv. 22, 12, 10:

etiam nunc paenitere suā sponte Aequos quam pati hostilia malle,

id. 3, 2, 4:

Athenienses primi paenitere coeperunt,

Just. 11, 3, 3:

paenituit populus,

Vulg. Ecclus. 48, 16:

non vult paenitere,

id. Apoc. 2, 21.—Esp., in part. pres.:

Lepidus paenitens consili,

Sall. H. 1, 49 Dietsch:

paenitens facti,

Suet. Vit. 15; cf. id. Claud. 43 init.; cf. II. A. e and i infra.—

It repents one, etc., i. e. I, you, etc., repent; I, etc., repent, am sorry, grieve, rue, etc.

Aliquem alicujus rei:

non paenitere me consilii de tuā mansione,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8:

quem... in eam diem vitae non paenituerat,

Just. 13, 1, 5: neque te, neque quenquam arbitror tuae paeniturum laudis, App. ap. Non. 158, 5: galeatum sero duelli paenitet, Juv. 1, 170.—

Alicujus rei alone:

bonae mentis paenituisset,

Sen. Q. N 4, praef. 7:

paenitebatque modo consilii, modo paenitentiae ipsius,

Curt. 10, 7, 12.—

Aliquem alone:

si eos quidem non paeniteret,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2.—

With acc. of person, foll. by inf.:

efficiunt ut me non didicisse minus paeniteat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 77.—

With neutr. pron. as subj. (cf. I. B. supra; Zumpt, Gr. § 442, explains the pron. in these passages as acc., but v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 876):

sapientis est nihil, quod paenitere possit, facere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81:

sequitur ut nihil paeniteat,

id. ib. 5, 18, 53:

quaeri oportet utrum id facinus sit, quod paenitere fuerit necesse,

id. Inv. 2, 13, 43. —

Foll. by rel. adverb. clause:

etsi solet eum, cum aliquid fecit, paenitere,

Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1.—

With quod:

valde ego ipsi, quod de suā sententiā decesserit, paenitendum puto,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 6:

paenitet quod non ab adultero coepi,

Quint. Decl. 335.—

With dat. of agent:

consilii nostri... nobis paenitendum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2.—

Absol.:

tanta vis fuit paenitendi,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79: corrigere errorem paenitendo, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 6, 24:

Sallustius usque eo processit, ut non paeniturum pro non acturo paenitentiam dixerit,

Quint. 9, 3, 12:

paenitet et torqueor,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 60; Prud. Cath. 2, 26.—

It discontents or displeases one, i. e. one is vexed, angry, offended, dissatisfied (class.; cf. taedet).

Aliquem alicujus rei:

ut me imperii nostri paeniteret,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

num hujusce te gloriae paenitebat?

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33; cf. id. Rep. 3, 35, 47:

num igitur, si ad centesimum annum vixisset, senectutis suae eum paeniteret?

id. Sen. 6, 19:

paenitere se virium suarum,

Liv. 8, 23:

paenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrae,

Juv. 7, 203.—

With quod and subj.:

se paenitere, quod animum tuum offenderit,

Cic. Att. 11, 13, 2.—

It concerns, is a care to, makes anxious, dissatisfies; and with negative, it is enough, satisfies (mostly anteclass.):

an paenitet te, quanto hic fuerit usui?

are you not satisfied? Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 71:

paenitetne te, quot ancillas alam?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 52: duas dabo, una si parum'st;

et si duarum paenitebit, addentur duae,

are not enough, not satisfactory, id. Stich. 4, 1, 34:

an paenitebat flagitii te auctore quod fecisset Adulescens?

was it not enough? Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 12; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 20; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 20:

an paenitet vos, quod salvum atque incolumem exercitum traduxerim?

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

quod a senatu quanti fiam minime me paenitet,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 2; cf.:

tam diu velle debebis (discere), quoad te quantum proficias non paenitebit,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2. —Hence,

paenĭtens, entis, P. a., repenting, repentant, penitent.

Absol.:

optimus est portus paenitenti mutatio consilii,

Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 7.—

With gen.: Lepidum paenitentem consilii, Sall. ap. Charis. p. 224 P.—

With de:

signa paenitentis de matrimonio dederat,

Suet. Claud. 43.— Hence, adv.: paenĭtenter, with regret, repentantly (late Lat.):

auguria paenitenter omissa,

Min. Fel. Oct. 26.—

paenĭ-tendus, a, um, to be repented of, blamable, objectionable (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Affirmatively:

itaque hic ager sive exercetur, seu cessat, colono est paenitendus,

Col. 3, 2:

paenitendae rei recordatio,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 10, 2.—

With a negative:

sub haud paenitendo magistro,

Liv. 1, 35, 5; 25, 6, 10; 40, 6, 3:

dicta non paenitenda,

Gell. 1, 3, 2:

gens Flavia reipublicae non paenitenda,

Suet. Vesp. 1.

penso, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [pendo], to weigh or weigh out carefully (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic., for in Off. 2, 19, 68, conpensandum is the correct reading. Neither is it found in Plaut., Ter., Lucr., or Cæs.; syn.: pendo, expendo).

Lit.:

aurum,

Liv. 38, 24; Sil. 4, 153; Col. 12, 51, 2:

C. Gracchi caput auro pensatum,

paid for with its weight in gold, Flor. 3, 15, 6:

odores ac purpurae et auro pensanda,

worth their weight in gold, Sen. Ep. 73, 5.—Prov.:

pensare aliquem eādem trutinā,

to weigh one in the same balance, judge one by the same standard, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 29.—

Transf.

To counterbalance with any thing, to compensate, recompense, repay, make good, requite; for the usual compensare:

exiguā turis impensā tanta beneficia pensaturi,

Curt. 8, 5, 10:

beneficia beneficiis,

Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 3; Suet. Aug. 25:

praematuram mortem immortali nominis sui memoriā,

Vell. 2, 88, 3:

vulnera et sanguis aviditate praedae,

Tac. H. 3, 26 fin.; cf. id. ib. 4, 74; id. A. 2, 26: vicem alicujus, to supply the place of a thing, to compensate for a thing, Plin. 31, 8, 44, § 97;

transmarinae res quādam vice pensatae,

Liv. 26, 37:

iter,

to shorten the way, Luc. 9, 685.—

To pay, repay, punish with any thing:

nece pudorem,

Ov. H. 2, 143:

omnia uno ictu,

Sen. Oedip. 936:

nefarium concubitum voluntariā morte,

Val. Max. 1, 8, 3.—

To purchase with any thing:

vitam auro,

Sil. 2, 35:

victoriam damno militis,

Vell. 2, 115, 4.—

To exchange for any thing:

palatia caelo,

Calp. Ecl. 4, 141:

laetitiam moerore,

Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 132.—

To allay, quench:

sitim,

Calp. Ecl. 5, 111.—

To weigh, ponder, examine, consider:

ex factis, non ex dictis, amicos pensare,

Liv. 34, 49:

ad consilium pensandum temporis opus esse,

id. 22, 51, 3; Curt. 3, 6, 3; 8, 2, 14; 7, 33, 2:

singula animi consulta,

id. 7, 8, 1:

stat pensata diu belli sententia,

Sil. 7, 223.

sĕnātus, ūs ( gen. senati, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 6; id. Ep. 2, 2, 5; Sisenn. ap. Non. 484, 18; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; also cited ap. Charis. p. 116 P.; Sall. C. 30, 3; 36, 5; 53, 1. acc. to Non. 484, 15; Charis. p. 10 P.; Don. Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 21; Prisc. p. 712 P.; id. Fragm. ap. Don. Ter. And. 2, 2, 28; also Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 4, acc. to the pr. man. of the Cod. Medic.; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 27.—Another form of the gen. senatuis, C. Fann. ap. Charis. p. 116 P.; Sisenn. ap. Non. 484, 19; also,

as it seems,

Varr. ib. 484, 19, yet the passage itself is wanting.—In old orthog. SENATVOS, S. C. de Bacch.; dat. senato, Quint. 1, 6, 27), m. [senex; like gerousia from gerôn; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 51; id. Sen. 6, 19], the council of the elders, the Senate, the supreme council in Rome, concerning whose origin, constitution, powers, etc., v. senator; cf. Momms. Hist. of Rome, 1, 113 sqq.; 1, 406 sqq. Am. ed.; Becker, Antiq. 2, 1, p. 339 sq.; 2, 2, p. 385 sq.; 2, 3, p. 210 sq.;

and the authors there cited: quae (consilium, ratio, sententia) nisi essent in senibus, non summum consilium majores nostri appellassent senatum. Apud Lacedaemonios quidem ii, qui amplissimum magistratum gerunt, ut sunt sic etiam nominantur senes,

Cic. Sen. 6, 19:

Romuli senatus, qui constabat ex optimatibus,

id. Rep. 2, 12, 23:

(Majores nostri) senatum rei publicae custodem collo caverunt,

id. Sest. 65, 137:

senatus rem pu blicam tenuit, ut pleraque senatūs auctori tate gererentur,

id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur,

id. ib. 2, 34, 59:

cum potestas in populo, auctoritas in senatu sit,

id. Leg. 3, 12, 28:

nec per senatum solvi hac lege possumus,

id. Rep. 3, 22, 33.—Freq. in the phrase: senatus populusque Romanus (often written S. P. Q. R.), the Senate and people of Rome, i.e. the State, the republic, Cic. Planc. 37, 90; id. Phil. 6, 2, 4;

very rarely in reverse order: populus et senatus Romanus,

Sall. J. 41, 2:

populi Romani senatusque verbis,

Liv. 7, 31, 10; 24, 37, 7; Vitr. praef. 1, 1: senatus (senati, senatuis, v. supra) consultum, a decree of the Senate (v. consulo, P. a. III.); senatūs auctoritas, the same (v. auctoritas, 4.): censuit senatus, the Senate resolved; v. censeo, 3. b. (cf. also decerno, I. A., and decretum, s. v. decerno fin.):

senatum convocare,

Cic. Sull. 23, 65; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: senatus [p. 1669] est continuo convocatus frequensque convenit, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3; cf.:

senatus frequens vocatu Drusi in curiam venit,

id. de Or. 3, 1, 2:

vocare senatum,

Liv. 3, 38:

cito cogere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Suet. Caes. 16; id. Tib. 23:

habere senatum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 3; Suet. Aug. 29:

agere,

id. Caes. 88; id. Aug. 35:

eo die non fuit senatus neque postero,

no session of the Senate, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 1:

eodem die Tyriis (legatis) est senatus datus frequens,

i. e. gave audience, id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2 sq.; so,

dare senatum (legatis),

Sall. J. 13, 9; Nep. Hann. 7, 6; Liv. 41, 6 et saep.:

senatu dimisso,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

dimittere senatum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146:

mittere,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

multa ejus (Catonis) et in senatu et in foro vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter ferebantur,

in the meetings of the Senate, id. Lael. 2, 6; cf.:

(Catilina) etiam in senatum venit,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 2: ad senatum adduci, in senatu poni, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

ad senatum in Capitolio stare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 137: in senatu sedere, to sit among the senators, on the senatorial seats (in the theatre), Suet. Claud. 25 fin.; cf.:

in orchestram senatumque descendit,

id. Ner. 12:

in senatum venire,

to become a senator, Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

de senatu cooptando,

nominating, electing, id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122; Liv. 23, 3:

de senatu movere,

Cic. Clu. 43, 122:

senatu movere,

Sall. C. 23, 1 Dietsch; and:

senatu emovere,

Liv. 45, 15, 8:

ex or de senatu eicere,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Clu. 42, 119; 48, 135; Liv. 40, 51; 41, 27; 43, 15 al. (v. 1. lego and eicio): seminarium senatus, i. e. the order of Knights, from which new senators were elected, Liv. 42, 61, 5.—Also of the Senate of other nations: senatus (Gaditanus), Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 2:

Aeduorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 6:

Venetorum,

id. ib. 3, 16 fin. et saep.:

Judaeorum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 27.—

Trop., a council, i. e. consultation (mostly ante-class.):

de re argentariā senatum convocare in corde consiliarium,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

sibi senatum consili in cor convocare,

id. Most. 3, 1, 158; 5, 1, 8; id. Mil. 2, 6, 111:

deūm,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 582.

Stōĭcus, a, um, adj., = Stôïkos, of or belonging to the Stoic philosophy or to the Stoics, Stoic:

schola,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22 fin.:

secta,

Sen. Ep. 123, 14:

sententia,

id. ib. 22, 7:

libelli,

Hor. Epod. 8, 15:

turba,

Mart. 7, 69, 4:

dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121:

disciplina,

Gell. 19, 1, 1:

Stoicum est,

it is a saying of the Stoics, Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 85:

non loquor tecum Stoicā linguā, sed hac submissiore,

Sen. Ep. 13, 4:

est aliquid in illo Stoici dei: nec cor nec caput habet,

Sen. Apoc. 8.— Subst.: Stōĭcus, i, m., a Stoic philosopher, a Stoic, Cic. Par. praef. § 2; Hor. S. 2, 3, 160; 2, 3, 300; plur., Cic. Mur. 29, 61; and in philosophical writings saepissime.—

Stōĭca, ōrum, n. plur., the Stoic philosophy, Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15.— Adv.: Stōĭcē, like a Stoic, Stoically:

agere austere et Stoice,

Cic. Mur. 35, 74: dicere, id. Par. praef. § 3.

Stōĭcus, a, um, adj., = Stôïkos, of or belonging to the Stoic philosophy or to the Stoics, Stoic:

schola,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22 fin.:

secta,

Sen. Ep. 123, 14:

sententia,

id. ib. 22, 7:

libelli,

Hor. Epod. 8, 15:

turba,

Mart. 7, 69, 4:

dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121:

disciplina,

Gell. 19, 1, 1:

Stoicum est,

it is a saying of the Stoics, Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 85:

non loquor tecum Stoicā linguā, sed hac submissiore,

Sen. Ep. 13, 4:

est aliquid in illo Stoici dei: nec cor nec caput habet,

Sen. Apoc. 8.— Subst.: Stōĭcus, i, m., a Stoic philosopher, a Stoic, Cic. Par. praef. § 2; Hor. S. 2, 3, 160; 2, 3, 300; plur., Cic. Mur. 29, 61; and in philosophical writings saepissime.—

Stōĭca, ōrum, n. plur., the Stoic philosophy, Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15.— Adv.: Stōĭcē, like a Stoic, Stoically:

agere austere et Stoice,

Cic. Mur. 35, 74: dicere, id. Par. praef. § 3.

sŭperbus, a, um, adj. [super; cf. Gr. huperbios].

In a bad sense, that thinks himself above others, haughty, proud, arrogant, insolent, discourteous, uncivil, rude, supercilious, domineering (cf.: arrogans, insolens, fastidiosus, vanus, elatus): reges odisse superbos, Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 6, 3, 7:

reges,

Lucr. 5, 1222:

domini,

id. 2, 1091; Verg. A. 12, 236:

juvenis,

id. ib. 3, 326; 10, [p. 1805] 514:

victor,

id. G. 3, 226:

non decet superbum esse hominem servom,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64:

freti virtute et viribus superbi,

id. Am. 1, 1, 58:

superbum se praebuit in fortunā,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 1:

vide ne superbi (animi) sit aspernari ejusdem liberalitatem,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

atque meo nunc Superbus incedis malo,

Hor. Epod. 15, 18:

licet superbus ambules pecuniā,

id. ib. 4, 5:

opibus superbi,

Verg. A. 5, 268:

utrum superbiorem te pecunia facit, an quod te imperator consulit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 1:

laudato pavone superbior,

Ov. M. 13, 802:

homines superbissimi,

Sall. J. 31, 12;

Auct. B. Afr. 57, 6: eum, qui de suā unius sententiā omnia gerat, superbum judico magis quam sapientem,

Liv. 44, 22, 11:

non respondere vereor, ne superbum sit,

id. 42, 40, 2.—In a pun on the literal meaning of super: Merc. Faciam ego te superbum, nisi hinc abis. So. Quonam modo? Merc. Auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero, I will make you, i. e. one who rides or is carried, rather than walks, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 201.—

Transf., of things concr. or abstr.:

aures,

Liv. 34, 5, 13:

oculi,

Ov. M. 6, 169:

arces,

Hor. Epod. 7, 5:

postisque superbos Unguit amaracino,

Lucr. 4, 1179:

sceptra,

id. 5, 1137:

voces,

id. 5, 1173:

dens,

delicate, fastidious, squeamish, Hor. S. 2, 6, 87:

corpus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 109:

inguen,

id. Epod. 8, 19:

manus,

Sen. Med. 205:

vultus,

id. Herc. Fur. 721:

non est inhumana virtus neque immanis neque superba,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50:

victoria, quae naturā insolens et superba est,

id. Marcell. 3, 9:

pax,

Liv. 9, 12, 1:

jura,

id. 31, 29, 9; cf.:

superbissima lex,

id. 4, 4, 10:

mutatio vestis,

id. 9, 18, 4:

vita,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 48:

aures quarum est judicium superbissimum,

i. e. very severe, utterly impartial, Cic. Or. 44, 150:

scilicet aspera mea natura, difficilis aditus, superba responsa,

uncivil, arrogant, id. Vatin. 3, 8:

cujus tu superbissima decreta et preces repudiasti,

id. Pis. 27, 64:

ipsum dicendi genus nihil superbum, nihil elatum saltem ac sublime desideret,

Quint. 6, 2, 19; cf. id. 11, 1, 37.—With foll. inf., Sil. 3, 374; 12, 433; 14, 646.— Neutr. absol.:

reliqua multo major multitudo neque excluderetur suffragiis, ne superbum esset, nec valeret nimis, ne esset periculosum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

superba loqui,

Prop. 1, 10, 22.—Superbum est, with a subject-clause, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 45; Ov. M. 13, 17.—

Sŭperbus, i, m., surname of the younger Tarquin, the last king of Rome, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; Liv. 1, 49, 1; Ov. F. 2, 718 al.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58.—

In a good sense, proud, superior, excellent, distinguished; splendid, magnificent, superb ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae (virtus) inter hanc fortunam et illam superba incedit cum magno utriusque contemptu,

Sen. Ep. 76, 21:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21:

animae virtute et factis,

Sil. 10, 573:

triumphus,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 3; 1, 37, 31:

merum,

id. ib. 2, 14, 27; cf.:

limina civium potentiorum,

id. Epod. 2, 7:

postes,

id. C. 4, 15, 7:

Tibur,

Verg. A. 7, 630:

Phoebe superbe lyrā,

Tib. 4, 2, 22:

sedes Dolopum,

Verg. A. 2, 785; Cat. 64, 85:

domus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 509:

dapes,

Mart. 3, 45, 3.—

In partic.

Superba pira, an excellent kind of pear, perh. the muscatel, Col. 5, 10, 18; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; cf. superbia, II. B.—

Olivae, of a very large and plump kind, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 17.—

Herba = chamaemeli, App. Herb. 23.—Hence, adv. (acc. to I.), haughtily, proudly, superciliously.

Form sŭ-perbē, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 38; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 22; Lucr. 5, 1224:

imperare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 (with crudeliter); Liv. 2, 45, 6 (with insolenter); 37, 10, 2 (with contemptim); 24, 25, 8 (opp. humiliter); 9, 14;

10, 10: Rhodii, superbe commemoratis meritis suis, etc.,

id. 44, 14, 8.—

Form sŭperbĭter (anteclass.), Naev. and Afran. ap. Non. 515, 10 sq.; 516, 1; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P. (Enn. p. 180, 40 Vahl.).—

Comp.:

superbius,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:

preces alicujus superbius accipere,

Tac. A. 2, 37.—

Sup.:

superbissime,

Cic. Pis. 27, 64.

sŭperbus, a, um, adj. [super; cf. Gr. huperbios].

In a bad sense, that thinks himself above others, haughty, proud, arrogant, insolent, discourteous, uncivil, rude, supercilious, domineering (cf.: arrogans, insolens, fastidiosus, vanus, elatus): reges odisse superbos, Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 6, 3, 7:

reges,

Lucr. 5, 1222:

domini,

id. 2, 1091; Verg. A. 12, 236:

juvenis,

id. ib. 3, 326; 10, [p. 1805] 514:

victor,

id. G. 3, 226:

non decet superbum esse hominem servom,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64:

freti virtute et viribus superbi,

id. Am. 1, 1, 58:

superbum se praebuit in fortunā,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 1:

vide ne superbi (animi) sit aspernari ejusdem liberalitatem,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

atque meo nunc Superbus incedis malo,

Hor. Epod. 15, 18:

licet superbus ambules pecuniā,

id. ib. 4, 5:

opibus superbi,

Verg. A. 5, 268:

utrum superbiorem te pecunia facit, an quod te imperator consulit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 1:

laudato pavone superbior,

Ov. M. 13, 802:

homines superbissimi,

Sall. J. 31, 12;

Auct. B. Afr. 57, 6: eum, qui de suā unius sententiā omnia gerat, superbum judico magis quam sapientem,

Liv. 44, 22, 11:

non respondere vereor, ne superbum sit,

id. 42, 40, 2.—In a pun on the literal meaning of super: Merc. Faciam ego te superbum, nisi hinc abis. So. Quonam modo? Merc. Auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero, I will make you, i. e. one who rides or is carried, rather than walks, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 201.—

Transf., of things concr. or abstr.:

aures,

Liv. 34, 5, 13:

oculi,

Ov. M. 6, 169:

arces,

Hor. Epod. 7, 5:

postisque superbos Unguit amaracino,

Lucr. 4, 1179:

sceptra,

id. 5, 1137:

voces,

id. 5, 1173:

dens,

delicate, fastidious, squeamish, Hor. S. 2, 6, 87:

corpus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 109:

inguen,

id. Epod. 8, 19:

manus,

Sen. Med. 205:

vultus,

id. Herc. Fur. 721:

non est inhumana virtus neque immanis neque superba,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50:

victoria, quae naturā insolens et superba est,

id. Marcell. 3, 9:

pax,

Liv. 9, 12, 1:

jura,

id. 31, 29, 9; cf.:

superbissima lex,

id. 4, 4, 10:

mutatio vestis,

id. 9, 18, 4:

vita,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 48:

aures quarum est judicium superbissimum,

i. e. very severe, utterly impartial, Cic. Or. 44, 150:

scilicet aspera mea natura, difficilis aditus, superba responsa,

uncivil, arrogant, id. Vatin. 3, 8:

cujus tu superbissima decreta et preces repudiasti,

id. Pis. 27, 64:

ipsum dicendi genus nihil superbum, nihil elatum saltem ac sublime desideret,

Quint. 6, 2, 19; cf. id. 11, 1, 37.—With foll. inf., Sil. 3, 374; 12, 433; 14, 646.— Neutr. absol.:

reliqua multo major multitudo neque excluderetur suffragiis, ne superbum esset, nec valeret nimis, ne esset periculosum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

superba loqui,

Prop. 1, 10, 22.—Superbum est, with a subject-clause, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 45; Ov. M. 13, 17.—

Sŭperbus, i, m., surname of the younger Tarquin, the last king of Rome, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; Liv. 1, 49, 1; Ov. F. 2, 718 al.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58.—

In a good sense, proud, superior, excellent, distinguished; splendid, magnificent, superb ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae (virtus) inter hanc fortunam et illam superba incedit cum magno utriusque contemptu,

Sen. Ep. 76, 21:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21:

animae virtute et factis,

Sil. 10, 573:

triumphus,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 3; 1, 37, 31:

merum,

id. ib. 2, 14, 27; cf.:

limina civium potentiorum,

id. Epod. 2, 7:

postes,

id. C. 4, 15, 7:

Tibur,

Verg. A. 7, 630:

Phoebe superbe lyrā,

Tib. 4, 2, 22:

sedes Dolopum,

Verg. A. 2, 785; Cat. 64, 85:

domus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 509:

dapes,

Mart. 3, 45, 3.—

In partic.

Superba pira, an excellent kind of pear, perh. the muscatel, Col. 5, 10, 18; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; cf. superbia, II. B.—

Olivae, of a very large and plump kind, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 17.—

Herba = chamaemeli, App. Herb. 23.—Hence, adv. (acc. to I.), haughtily, proudly, superciliously.

Form sŭ-perbē, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 38; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 22; Lucr. 5, 1224:

imperare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 (with crudeliter); Liv. 2, 45, 6 (with insolenter); 37, 10, 2 (with contemptim); 24, 25, 8 (opp. humiliter); 9, 14;

10, 10: Rhodii, superbe commemoratis meritis suis, etc.,

id. 44, 14, 8.—

Form sŭperbĭter (anteclass.), Naev. and Afran. ap. Non. 515, 10 sq.; 516, 1; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P. (Enn. p. 180, 40 Vahl.).—

Comp.:

superbius,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:

preces alicujus superbius accipere,

Tac. A. 2, 37.—

Sup.:

superbissime,

Cic. Pis. 27, 64.

tam-quam and tanquam, adv., as much as, so as, just as, like as, as if, as it were, so to speak, etc.

In gen.: Sa. Esne tu huic amicus? To. Tamquam di omnes, qui caelum colunt, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 32: Cu. Serva me. Ph. Tamquam me et genium meum, id. Curc. 5, 2, 29: Ge. Nostin' ejus natum Phaedriam? Da. Tamquam te, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 14:

quod video tibi etiam novum accidisse tamquam mihi,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 5:

tenebrae ibi erant tamquam nox,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 8: Si. Quālibet perambula aedes oppido tamquam tuas. Th. Tamquam? id. Most. 3, 2, 122:

inspicere tamquam in speculum in vitas omnium,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 61:

repente te tamquam serpens e latibulis intulisti,

Cic. Vatin. 2, 4:

ficta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt,

id. Off. 2, 12, 43:

sensus in capite tamquam in arce mirifice conlocati sunt, nam oculi tamquam speculatores altissimum locum obtinent,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

sic tamquam pilam rapiunt inter se rei publicae statum tyranni ab regibus,

id. Rep. 1, 44, 68; 1, 24, 38; id. Sen. 23, 83; id. Lael. 16, 59:

commenti sunt, se de terrā tamquam hos ex arvis musculos exstitisse,

id. Rep. 3, 15, 25.—

Esp.

With a corresp. sic or ita:

apud eum ego sic Ephesi fui, quotienscumque fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1:

neve te obrui tamquam fluctu, sic magnitudine negotii sinas,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

ut, tamquam poetae boni solent, sic tu diligentissimus sis,

id. ib. 1, 1, 16, §

46: tamquam levia quaedam vina nihil valent in aquā, sic Stoicorum ista magis gustata quam potata delectant,

id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13:

sic ex corporis totius naturā et figurā varios motus cieri tamquam in cantu sonos,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

sic tamquam,

id. Brut. 18, 71 Orell. N. cr.:

si potis est, tamquam philosophorum habent disciplinae Vocabula, parasiti ita ut Gnathonici vocentur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 32:

ex vitā ita discedo, tamquam ex hospitio, non tamquam e domo,

Cic. Sen. 23, 84; cf. also: tamquam, ita, in the foll.—

With si, in a hypothetical comparison, as if, just as if, etc. (always with subj.):

tamquam si claudus sim, cum fusti est ambulandum,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 21:

curabitur, Tamquam si intus nemo natus in aedibus habitet,

id. Most. 2, 1, 55:

tamquam si emeris me argento, liber servibo tibi,

id. Men. 5, 9, 42:

qui tamquam si offusa rei publicae sempiterna nox esset, ita ruebant in tenebris,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91; id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

qui, tamquam si arma militis inspiciunda sunt, ita probet armatum,

id. Caecin. 21, 61:

ut istum, tamquam si esset consul, salutarent,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106; id. Div. 2, 64, 131:

ita me audias, tamquam si mihi quiritanti intervenisses,

Liv. 40, 9, 7:

tamquam si tua res agatur,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 7:

Plancum... sic condemnit, tamquam si illi aqua et igni interdictum sit,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10.—Without verb:

id cum dixerat, universi, tamquam si deo, libentes parebant,

Gell. 15, 22, 6.—

Sometimes tamquam alone, without si, is joined immediately to a conditional clause of comparison, as if, just as if:

tamquam clausa sit Asia, sic nihil perfertur ad nos,

Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1:

tamquam ceteris non sit habitura quod largiatur,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

M. Atilium Captum in Africa commemorat, tamquam M. Atilius ad Africam offenderit, etc.,

Liv. 28, 43, 17; 45, 23, 12; 10, 34, 5; 29, 22, 1: quod a quibusdam sic accipi potest, tamquam haec sententia priori diversa sit, Quint. 2, 3, 10; 2, 1, 12:

qui ita dicunt, tamquam inter duas leges quaeratur,

id. 7, 4, 42; Cic. Brut. 1, 5:

tamquam regum arcanis interesset, omnia scit,

Liv. 41, 24, 3:

tamquam de regno dimicaretur, ita concurrerunt,

id. 40, 6, 6:

tamquam non idem ubique di immortales sint, sed, etc.,

id. 42, 3, 9:

ceteri, tamquam ita necesse sit, sequuntur,

Quint. 12, 10, 5:

tamquam nesciamus,

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Petr. 106.—

For instance, for example (post-Aug.):

quaedam secunda... tamquam tormentorum patientia, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 66, 5; 65, 8; id. Contr. 1, praef. § 23;

1, 8, 14: ut non aliquos progeneret, tamquam piros silvestres et prunos,

Col. 3, 11, 5; Front. Aquaed. 87.

tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 ( perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:

tetinerit,

Att. ib. 178, 12:

tetinisse,

Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan-; Gr. tanumai, teinô; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus].

Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.

Lit.

In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.

argentum,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:

cum pyxidem teneret in manu,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63;

for which: aliquid manu,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:

aliquid dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 99:

digitis,

id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:

lacertis,

id. ib. 2, 100 al.:

radicem ore,

Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:

cibum ore,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;

for which: decoctum diu in ore,

Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:

aliquem in sinu,

Ov. H. 3, 114;

for which: aliquem sinu,

id. ib. 13, 157:

flabellulum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

facem,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

telum,

Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;

philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:

cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,

id. Clu. 7, 20. —

In partic.

With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one ' s power, possess, etc. (syn.:

possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:

Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,

Liv. 1, 5:

provinciam a praedonibus liberam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:

colles praesidiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43:

Formiarum moenia et Lirim,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:

tenente Caesare terras,

id. ib. 3, 14, 15:

rem publicam,

Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:

summam imperii,

Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

equitum centurias,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:

alterum cornu,

to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:

provincias aliaque omnia,

Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. [p. 1854] rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —

Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,

Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:

teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:

et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,

Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):

teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.— Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —

With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:

legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44:

montes teneri,

id. B. G. 3, 2:

haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,

id. ib. 7, 69:

Capitolia celsa tenebat,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

quo teneam Protea nodo?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:

te neque intra Claustra tenebo,

id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:

in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri... fugam frustra tentabat;

at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,

Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:

Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

agri qui diu aquam tenent,

Pall. Apr. 2, 4:

classem ibi tenebat,

Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one ' s course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,

cursum,

Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:

quo iter,

Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:

(lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,

Lucr. 5, 714:

tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,

Liv. 29, 32, 6.—

With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:

montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,

Liv. 1, 37, 4:

regionem,

id. 30, 25, 11:

Tenum,

id. 36, 21, 1:

terram,

id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;

26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,

Ov. F. 1, 498:

portus,

id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:

cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,

id. H. 2, 9.—

With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:

naves, quae vento tenebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22:

quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:

si id te non tenet, advola,

id. Fam. 16, 19:

septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,

id. ib. 16, 7 init.:

Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,

Liv. 24, 20, 7:

non tenebo te pluribus,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:

ne diutius teneam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.

ventrem,

id. 4, 19 med.:

tene linguam,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

pecus omne tenendum,

Verg. G. 2, 371:

vix a te videor posse tenere manus,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,

manus,

id. M. 13, 203; cf.:

manum stomachumque teneto,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:

saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,

id. C. 1, 18, 13:

et Phoebi tenuere viam,

i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:

quo me decet usque teneri?

Verg. A. 5, 384:

lacrimas,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,

Liv. 6, 14, 1. —

Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:

Sabinus castris sese tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:

nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,

id. 3, 26, 3:

Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,

id. 23, 26, 2:

se domi a conventu remotum tenere,

Nep. Dion, 9, 1:

ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.

mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,

id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:

se intra silentium tenuit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:

multum me intra silentium tenui,

id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—

Trop.

In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:

percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:

tenes, quid dicam?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:

teneo,

I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:

teneo quid erret,

id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:

quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus... Lyciis tenentur,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:

quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

alicujus reconditos sensus,

id. Sest. 10, 22:

quo pacto cuncta tenerem,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:

et teneo melius ista,

Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:

nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—

In partic.

To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:

cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—

To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):

sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

ordinem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 35:

portum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

statum,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

si jus suum populi teneant,

id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

morem,

id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:

foedus,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

silentium,

Liv. 1, 28, 8.—

To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:

illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,

hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:

illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:

quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

propositum tenere,

to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:

suas leges,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:

causam apud centumviros,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

locum quendam cum aliquo,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:

plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,

Liv. 4, 30, 16:

ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,

id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:

tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,

Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,

Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—

Of memory:

alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,

to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:

memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,

you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:

memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:

satin' haec meministi et tenes?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

Verg. E. 9, 45:

dicta tenere,

Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:

quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,

Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—

To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):

per cursum rectum regnum tenere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,

Liv. 4, 3, 12:

teneri res aliter non potest,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

multa tenuisse,

Liv. 42, 11, 8:

causam,

Ov. M. 13, 190.—

To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:

refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

dolorem,

id. Att. 12, 38, 2:

cupiditates,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

somnum,

id. Brut. 80, 278:

risum,

id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:

iram,

Curt. 4, 2, 5:

ea, quae occurrant, tenere,

to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—

Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:

quamquam leges eum non tenent,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:

interdicto non teneri,

id. Caecin. 14, 41:

voto quodam et promisso teneri,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,

Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:

olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,

Liv. 3, 55, 3:

teneri alienis foederibus,

id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

testibus in re perspicuā teneri,

to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

caedis teneri,

Quint. 5, 14, 11:

teneri repetundarum,

Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:

furti,

Dig. 6, 1, 4:

injuriarum,

ib. 47, 10, 11:

mandati,

ib. 17, 1, 10.— Transf.:

nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr. —

Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:

quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,

has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,

id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

magna me spes tenet,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,

id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,

Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,

teneri desiderio,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

studio philosophiae,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

magno amore,

Verg. A. 1, 675:

pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,

to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:

ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,

id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —

To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:

haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:

ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:

dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.

Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).

Lit.

To hold a position anywhere, maintain one ' s self:

quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,

Liv. 32, 5, 12:

duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,

id. 3, 62, 7:

tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,

Verg. A. 2, 505.—

For cursum tenere, to hold or take one ' s way, to sail, steer in any direction:

Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,

Liv. 1, 1, 4:

Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,

Liv. 31, 45, 14:

ad Mendaeum,

id. 21, 49, 2:

Diam,

Ov. M. 3, 690:

Creten,

id. ib. 13, 706:

Hesperiam,

id. F. 1, 498:

Ausoniam,

id. ib. 4, 290 al.:

medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene,

Ov. M. 2, 140.—

Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):

imber per noctem totam tenuit,

Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:

incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,

id. 24, 47, 15:

per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,

id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:

tenet fama, lupam, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 6:

quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,

id. 1, 17, 6:

fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,

id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:

tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,

Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,

consuetudo, ut, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 2:

nomen illud tenet,

id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.

vĕl, conj. and adv. [old imv. of volo] prop., will, choose, take your choice; hence,

As disjunctive conjunction, to introduce an alternative as a matter of choice or preference, or as not affecting the principal assertion (while aut introduces an absolute or essential opposition; cf. Madv. Gr. § 436; Zumpt, Gr. § 339; Fischer, Gr. § 383).

Singly.

In gen., or (if you will), or else, or (at your pleasure), or (at least), or (it is indifferent), or (what is the same thing), etc.:

dic igitur me passerculum... haedillum me tuom dic esse vel vitellum,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 77: viginti minis? Ba. Utrum vis, vel quater quinis minis, id. Ps. 1, 3, 111:

lege vel tabellas redde,

id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

in solem ponito vel sine sale in defrutum condito,

Cato, R. R. 7: orabant (sc. Ubii), ut sibi auxilium ferret... vel... exercitum modo Rhenum transportaret, or at least, i. e. or, if he preferred it, Caes. B. G. 4, 16:

ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

in unius voluntate vel moribus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 51:

in unā urbe vel in hac ipsā,

id. ib. 3, 10, 17:

constituere vel conservare,

id. ib. 2, 38, 64:

in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,

id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

transfer idem ad modestiam vel temperantiam,

id. Fin. 2, 19, 60; cf. Madv. ad id. ib. 2, 25, 81:

unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam, jam effecissem,

id. Att. 9, 7, 1: haec neque confirmare argumentis neque refellere in animo est;

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3.—

Esp.

With potius, to correct or make more precise what has been said, or rather:

ex hoc populo indomito vel potius immani,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

post obitum vel potius excessum Romuli,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53:

cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

id. Lig. 7, 22:

vide quid licentiae nobis tua liberalitas det, vel potius audaciae,

id. ib. 8, 23:

ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius,

id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

quam valde ille reditu vel potius reversione meā laetatus!

id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19:

novem tibi orbibus, vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes contulit,

Quint. 10, 1, 109.—In climax after a negative:

tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38.—

So corrective, without potius:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

clariore vel plane perspicua,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Lael. 12, 41:

Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel. quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata,

Liv. 4, 37, 1:

cum P. Decius se in Samnium vel in Etruriam proficisci paratum esse ostendisset,

id. 10, 26, 4.—Esp. in the phrase vel dicam, or let me rather say, or rather:

quando enim nobis, vel dicam aut oratoribus bonis aut poëtis, ullus... ornatus defuit?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10; id. Brut. 57, 207; id. Cael. 31, 75; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; id. Att. 9, 7, 1; Suet. Calig. 13.—So intensive, or I may even say (cf. II. A. 3. infra):

omnes binos consules, vel dicam amplius, omnia nomina,

Varr. L. L. 8, p. 106 Bip.:

a plerisque vel dicam ab omnibus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 3; id. Brut. 70, 246.—

Vel etiam, or even:

ut expositio quarundam rerum gestarum vel etiam fabulosarum,

Quint. 4, 3, 12. —

= aut, or else.

With an alternative necessary consequence:

id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura consistat necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 Tischer ad loc.:

vel tu ne faceres tale in adulescentiā,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 22.—

In gen. ( poet. and post class.):

si copias armatorum... secum expenderent, vincendum illā acie vel cadendum esse,

Tac. A. 14, 35:

mortem omnibus ex naturā aequalem oblivione apud posteros vel gloriă distingui,

id. H. 1, 21; cf. id. A. 14, 61; 14, 62:

quod imperium variā sorte laetum rei publicae aut atrox, principibus prosperum vel exitio fuit,

id. H. 2, 1 init.; 2, 10; 2, 68; cf. Ov. M. 9, 624 sq.; 15, 601 sq.—

In a subordinate alternative after aut:

nec aut tibi ipsi aut huic Secundo vel huic Apro ignotas,

Tac. Or. 28:

ne contra Gai quidem aut Claudii vel Neronis... domum,

id. H. 2, 76:

abscedens in hortos aut Tusculanum vel Antiatem in agrum,

id. A. 14, 3 init.:

dementiae quoque judicia aut propter id quod factum est aut propter id quod adhuc fieri vel non fieri potest instituuntur,

Quint. 7, 4, 29.—

As co-ordinate.

Vel... vel, either... or, be it... or; in gen. (class.; but where the alternatives are necessary and exclusive, that is, where one must be right and the other wrong, aut... aut is used; v. infra, and cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27): sed hic numquis adest? Pa. Vel adest vel non, i. e. just as you please, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28 Brix ad loc.:

paucis me misit ad eam... vel ut ducentos Philippos reddat aureos, vel ut hinc eat secum,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 18 sq.:

ubi illic biberit, vel servato meum modum vel ego dabo,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 37:

vel tu me vende, vel face quod tibi lubet,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 70:

nunc quamobrem huc sum missa, amabo, vel tu mihi ajas, vel neges,

id. Rud. 2, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

ut (Romani) vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 7:

vel sumptuosae vel desidiosae illecebrae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8:

in omni vel officio vel sermone sollers,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium,

id. ib. 1, 20, 33:

pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim,

id. Off. 3, 10, 42:

erant quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi,

id. Mil. 5, 13; 7, 20; id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; id. Lig. 6, 17; id. Deiot. 1, 1; 5, 13; id. Brut. 69, 242:

animus vel bello vel paci paratus,

Liv. 1, 1, 8:

hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit vel paci decorum vel bello,

id. 1, 42, 5: Etruriam et Samnium provincias esse;

utram mallet eligeret: suo exercitu se vel in Etruriā vel in Samnio rem gesturum,

id. 10, 19, 9:

gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, oraculi sortem vel elusit vel implevit,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; 2, 1; id. Milt. 3, 4.—

Connected with aut, but not corresponding to it (cf. infra, 2. e.):

num aut tuum aut cujusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem transnatare?

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22:

ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

id. Sen. 16, 57:

si velim scribere quid aut legere aut canere vel voce vel fidibus, aut geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum explicare, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122.—

Esp.

With weakened disjunctive force (nearly = et... et). quemadmodum ille vel Athenis vel Rhodi se doctissimorum hominum sermonibus dedisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 3:

multos sine ratione, sine litteris, quā vel inpudentia vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2:

affectus vel illos mites vel hos concitatos in suā potestate habuisse,

id. 10, 1, 48: eadem quaestio potest eundem vel accusatorem facere vel reum, id. 3, 6, 18: et nundina vetera ex ordine instituit, vel dies vel tempora, Lampr Alex. Sev. 43: pestilentia tanta exstiterat vel Romae, vel Achaicis urbibus, ut, etc., Treb. Gall. 5.—

More than twice, either... or... or, etc. tu vel suda, vel peri algu, vel tu aegrota, vel vale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 24:

hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas: meā nil re fert, dum potiar modo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

vel in tempestate, vel in agris, vel in corporibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est,

id. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

vel spectator laudum tuarum vel particeps vel socius vel minister consiliorum,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. Red. Quir. 9, 23;

so eight times,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6. —

The second (or last) vel strengthened,

By etiam:

quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem publicam conferre possumus,

or even, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 30; so id. ib. 1, 29, 45; 2, 1, 1; cf.:

ut vel ea defendam, quae Pompejus velit, vel taceam, vel etiam ad nostra me studia referam litterarum,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3.—

By vero etiam:

in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4.—

By omnino: haec vel ad odium, vel ad misericordiam, vel omnino ad animos judicum movendos ex iis quae sunt ante posita, sumentur ( or in general), Cic. Part. Or. 36, 128.—

Rarely after a negative = neque, nor:

neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14.—

In irregular construction, without the second vel:

utrumque est in his, quod ab hoc oratore abhorreat: vel quod omnis, qui sapientes non sint, insanos esse dicunt... accedit quod, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 65; id. Att. 11, 7, 5; cf. esp. Lucr. 5, 383 sqq. Munro ad loc. —

Vel... vel = aut... aut:

habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima,

i. e. so nearly all that the difference is unimportant, Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27; cf.

Madv. ad loc.: cum bonā quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi,

id. Att. 7, 9, 4.—For vel... vel, in a subordinate alternative after aut, v. the examples under I. B. 1. b. supra.—

Vel, correl. with aut (post-Aug. and rare):

verborum quoque vis ac proprietas confirmatur vel praesumptione... aut reprehensione,

Quint. 9, 2, 18:

voces... aut productione tantum vel correptione mutatae,

id. 9, 3, 69 (but the line Ov. M. 1, 546, is spurious); so,

aut... aut... vel: ut aut de nomine aut scripto et sententiā vel ratiocinatione quaeratur,

Quint. 3, 6, 72:

aut... aut... aut... aut... vel,

id. 8, 6, 68 sq.; cf.:

ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus,

Juv. 3, 120.

As intens. particle (prop. ellipt., implying an alternative the first member of which is omitted, something else or even this, etc.).

In gen., or even, if you will, or indeed, or... itself, even, assuredly, certainly.

With subst.:

tum opsonium autem pol vel legioni sat est,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 24; id. Capt. 1, 2, 23; id. Curc. 5, 2, 13:

ita me di ament, vel in lautumiis, vel in pistrino mavelim Agere aetatem, Quam, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 5: Ep. Si arte poteris accubare. Ge. Vel inter cuneos ferreos, id. Stich. 4, 2, 39:

vel rex semper maxumas Mihi agebat gratias,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 7:

sed tamen vel regnum malo quam liberum populum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 34, 46:

isto quidem modo vel consulatus vituperabilis est,

id. Leg. 3, 10, 23:

cum se vel principes ejus consilii fore profiterentur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

vel Priamo miseranda manus,

Verg. A. 11, 259:

ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae,

Juv. 3, 5:

facile me paterer vel illo ipso acerrimo judice quaerente vel apud Cassianos judices... pro Sex. Roscio dicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85:

populus Romanus auctoritatem suam vel contra omnes defendere potest,

even if necessary, id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:

id se probaturum vel ipso Verginio judice,

Liv. 3, 44, 10:

belli necessitatibus eam patientiam non adhibebimus, quam vel lusus ac voluptas elicere solet?

id. 5, 6, 3:

timebant ne Romana plebs... vel cum servitute pacem acciperet,

even if it should involve their enslavement, id. 2, 9, 5.—

With adjj.: Ch. Pax, te tribus verbis volo. Sy. Vel trecentis, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 122: Ca. Ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo... Ba. Animo bono es. Vel sex mensis opperibor, id. Ps. 1, 3, 89; cf.: jam hercle vel ducentae [p. 1964] minae, id. ib. 1, 3, 68;

1, 3, 111: hoc ascensu vel tres armati quamlibet multitudinem arcuerint,

Liv. 9, 24, 7: Ph. Dane suavium? Di. Immo vel decem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22:

ego illum eunuchum, si opus sit, vel sobrius,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 26:

si sit opus, vel totum triduom,

id. ib. 2, 1, 17:

haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119.—

With verbs: namque edepol quamvis desubito vel cadus vorti potest, may even be turned over, i. e. will be empty, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 39:

ubi ego hinc abiero, vel occidito,

if you will, even, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 93:

per me vel stertas licet, inquit Carneades, non modo quiescas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93:

ut ipsis sententiis, quibus proluserunt, vel pugnare possint,

id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

cum vel abundare debeam, cogor mutuari,

id. Att. 15 15, 3—

With pronn.:

videndum erit, quid quisque vel sine nobis aut possit consequi aut non possit,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

existiment quod velint, ac vel hoc intellegant,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

est tibi ex his ipsis qui assunt bella copia, vel ut a te ipso ordiare,

especially as you can begin with yourself, id. Rep. 2, 40, 67.—

With superlatives, to denote the highest possible degree, the very; the utmost; the most...possible.

With adjj.: hoc invenisset unum ad morbum illum homini vel bellissimum, the very loveliest, the most beautiful possible, Lucil. ap. Non. 527, 28:

vidi in dolore podagrae ipsum vel omnium maximum Stoicorum Posidonium,

Cic. Fragm. ib. 32:

hoc in genere nervorum vel minimum, suavitatis autem est vel plurimum,

the very least... the utmost possible, id. Or. 26, 91:

quarum duarum (civitatum) si adessent (legationes), duo crimina vel maxima minuerentur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 14:

patre meā sententiā vel eloquentissimo temporibus illis,

the most eloquent possible, id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

quod erat ad obtinendam potentiam nobilium vel maximum, vehementer id retinebatur,

id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

cujus (sc. Hannibalis) eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat,

Liv. 36, 41, 2:

vident unum senatorem vel tenuissimum esse damnatum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:

fora templaque occupabantur, ut vel exspectatissimi triumphi laetitia praecipi posset,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 51:

sed vel potentissima apud Amphictyonas aequi tractatio est,

Quint. 5, 10, 118; 11, 1, 81.—

With advv.:

vel studiosissime quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

vel maxime confirmare,

id. N. D. 2, 65, 162; so,

vel maxime,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; id. Att. 9, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 4, 3, 4.—

In adding an instance implying that other instances might be mentioned at will, or this one; for instance, for example, as for example, in particular:

Per pol quam paucos reperias Fideles amatores... Vel hic Pamphilus jurabat quotiens Bacchidi, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 3:

vel heri in vino quam inmodestus fuisti,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 7: nullast tam facilis res quin difficilis siet Quom invitus facias;

vel me haec deambulatio... ad languorum dedit,

id. ib. 4, 6, 1:

sed suavis accipio litteras, vel quas proxime acceperam, quam prudentis!

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 1:

cujus innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii majoris illius, qui, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 70, 284.—

Concessive.

With superlatives, perhaps:

adulescens vel potentissimus nostrae civitatis,

Cic. Rosc. A. 2, 6:

domus vel optima Messanae, notissima quidem certe,

the best known, at any rate, if not the finest, id. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3.—

= saltem, at least:

quā re etsi minus veram causam habebis, tamen vel probabilem aliquam poteris inducere,

Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 2:

plurimi semetipsos exhortantur vel aliquas partes earum (scientiarum) addiscere, quamvis universas percipere non possint,

Col. 11, 1, 11:

ac, ni flexisset animos, vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

Suet. Ner. 47:

ut messe vel unā releves colla perusta,

Mart. 10, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 8; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43.

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).

In joining single words, which is its most common use.

In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)

The form atque.

Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

sociorum atque amicorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

deposci atque expeti,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

excitare atque inflammare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—

Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

Gallorum atque Belgarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

Cassius atque Brutus,

Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

in portubus atque custodiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

superatam esse atque depressam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

vitiis atque flagitiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

dignitate atque gloria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

virtute atque gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

labore atque justitia,

Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

hilari atque laeto,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

multae atque magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

adventu atque nomine,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

magna atque praeclara,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

se conlegit atque recreavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

provinciarum atque sociorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

parietum atque tectorum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

gravis atque vehemens,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—

The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

sentientes ac bene meritos,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

feri ac barbari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

liberis ac conjugibus,

Liv. 21, 30:

Romae ac circa urbem,

id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

periculum ac discrimen,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

usus ac disciplina,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

opima est ac fertilis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

potentissimos ac firmissimos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

nobilitatis ac juventutis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

terrore ac metu,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

gentes ac nationes,

id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

firmamenti ac roboris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

vectigalibus ac sociis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

opera ac vineae,

Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

Tac. Agr. 35:

in se simul atque in Herculem,

id. G. 34:

suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

id. ib. 30; so,

sociis pariter atque hostibus,

id. H. 4, 73:

innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

nobiles atque ignobiles,

id. ib. 20, 7:

caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—

Esp.

In a hendiadys:

utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

Sall. C. 3 fin.:

clamore atque adsensu,

shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—

In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).

Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

id. C. 52, 35.—

With adeo, and that too, and even:

intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

id. Planc. 19 fin.:

non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

atque adeo autem quor etc.,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—

With etiam:

id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

Liv. 3, 46.—

With the dem. pron. hic, is:

negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

id. ib. 2, 2:

duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

id. B. G. 5, 18:

ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—

In comparisons.

Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

id. Hann. 5, 3:

pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—

Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

Cic. Att. 2, 3:

simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—

Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

once, however, non aliter, ac si,

Cic. Att. 13, 51;

v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

id. Mur. 4 fin.:

haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —

More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—

Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

Cat. 61, 172:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561:

Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —

In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

Dig. 21, 1, 25:

quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

ib. 16, 1, 24.—

To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.

Absol.:

Decipiam ac non veniam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 33:

si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

id. Att. 1, 16:

si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

Tac. Or. 1.—

With potius:

Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —

In connecting clauses and beginning periods.

In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

Tac. A. 1, 47:

Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

Tac. Or. 14:

ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

Quint. 3, 6, 77.—

In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.

Absol.:

maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —

Often with etiam:

Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—

Sometimes with quoque:

Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—

And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—

In narration:

aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —

In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

id. Lael. 15, 54.—

In connecting two acts or events.

In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

cape hoc argentum atque defer,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

abi domum ac deos comprecare,

id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

tace modo ac sequere hac,

id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—

In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.

Absol.:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—

With ita or sic:

Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

Quint. 12, 10, 67.—

Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—

(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—

In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

Liv. 21, 41, 13:

Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—

To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.

Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

atque ipsis commentum placet,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

Plin. Pan. 26.—

With tamen:

nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

id. H. 5, 16.—

To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—

In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).

A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

Cels. 8, 1:

Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

Ac ne forte putes,

id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

Ac ne forte putes etc.,

Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—

A positive purpose:

Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—

a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—

In introducing parentheses:

vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

Liv. 21, 38:

omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —

At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—

In particular connections and phrases.

Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

unae atque alterae scalae,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

id. ib. 93, 2:

unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

Tac. H. 5, 6:

dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

alius atque alius,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—

Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

etiam atque etiam considera,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

iterum atque iterum,

Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—

Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—

Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—

Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

Quint. 10, 2, 2.—

With other conjunctions.

After et:

equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

Tac. Agr. 32.:

denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

id. 21, 41, 2:

et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

id. 12, 10, 67. —

After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

submoverique atque in castra redigi,

Liv. 26, 10:

terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

id. 21, 52:

mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—

Before et:

caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

Tac. Agr. 32.—

After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

Suet. Vesp. 12.—

Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

Cat. 68, 152:

Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

Verg. G. 4, 463:

Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

Tib. 2, 5, 73:

complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:

In the second place:

Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—

In the third place:

quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).

In joining single words, which is its most common use.

In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)

The form atque.

Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

sociorum atque amicorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

deposci atque expeti,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

excitare atque inflammare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—

Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

Gallorum atque Belgarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

Cassius atque Brutus,

Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

in portubus atque custodiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

superatam esse atque depressam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

vitiis atque flagitiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

dignitate atque gloria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

virtute atque gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

labore atque justitia,

Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

hilari atque laeto,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

multae atque magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

adventu atque nomine,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

magna atque praeclara,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

se conlegit atque recreavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

provinciarum atque sociorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

parietum atque tectorum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

gravis atque vehemens,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—

The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

sentientes ac bene meritos,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

feri ac barbari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

liberis ac conjugibus,

Liv. 21, 30:

Romae ac circa urbem,

id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

periculum ac discrimen,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

usus ac disciplina,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

opima est ac fertilis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

potentissimos ac firmissimos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

nobilitatis ac juventutis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

terrore ac metu,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

gentes ac nationes,

id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

firmamenti ac roboris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

vectigalibus ac sociis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

opera ac vineae,

Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

Tac. Agr. 35:

in se simul atque in Herculem,

id. G. 34:

suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

id. ib. 30; so,

sociis pariter atque hostibus,

id. H. 4, 73:

innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

nobiles atque ignobiles,

id. ib. 20, 7:

caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—

Esp.

In a hendiadys:

utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

Sall. C. 3 fin.:

clamore atque adsensu,

shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—

In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).

Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

id. C. 52, 35.—

With adeo, and that too, and even:

intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

id. Planc. 19 fin.:

non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

atque adeo autem quor etc.,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—

With etiam:

id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

Liv. 3, 46.—

With the dem. pron. hic, is:

negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

id. ib. 2, 2:

duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

id. B. G. 5, 18:

ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—

In comparisons.

Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

id. Hann. 5, 3:

pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—

Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

Cic. Att. 2, 3:

simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—

Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

once, however, non aliter, ac si,

Cic. Att. 13, 51;

v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

id. Mur. 4 fin.:

haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —

More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—

Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

Cat. 61, 172:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561:

Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —

In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

Dig. 21, 1, 25:

quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

ib. 16, 1, 24.—

To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.

Absol.:

Decipiam ac non veniam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 33:

si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

id. Att. 1, 16:

si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

Tac. Or. 1.—

With potius:

Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —

In connecting clauses and beginning periods.

In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

Tac. A. 1, 47:

Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

Tac. Or. 14:

ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

Quint. 3, 6, 77.—

In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.

Absol.:

maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —

Often with etiam:

Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—

Sometimes with quoque:

Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—

And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—

In narration:

aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —

In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

id. Lael. 15, 54.—

In connecting two acts or events.

In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

cape hoc argentum atque defer,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

abi domum ac deos comprecare,

id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

tace modo ac sequere hac,

id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—

In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.

Absol.:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—

With ita or sic:

Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

Quint. 12, 10, 67.—

Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—

(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—

In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

Liv. 21, 41, 13:

Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—

To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.

Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

atque ipsis commentum placet,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

Plin. Pan. 26.—

With tamen:

nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

id. H. 5, 16.—

To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—

In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).

A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

Cels. 8, 1:

Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

Ac ne forte putes,

id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

Ac ne forte putes etc.,

Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—

A positive purpose:

Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—

a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—

In introducing parentheses:

vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

Liv. 21, 38:

omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —

At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—

In particular connections and phrases.

Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

unae atque alterae scalae,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

id. ib. 93, 2:

unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

Tac. H. 5, 6:

dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

alius atque alius,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—

Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

etiam atque etiam considera,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

iterum atque iterum,

Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—

Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—

Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—

Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

Quint. 10, 2, 2.—

With other conjunctions.

After et:

equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

Tac. Agr. 32.:

denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

id. 21, 41, 2:

et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

id. 12, 10, 67. —

After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

submoverique atque in castra redigi,

Liv. 26, 10:

terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

id. 21, 52:

mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—

Before et:

caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

Tac. Agr. 32.—

After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

Suet. Vesp. 12.—

Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

Cat. 68, 152:

Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

Verg. G. 4, 463:

Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

Tib. 2, 5, 73:

complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:

In the second place:

Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—

In the third place:

quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

amplus, a, um, adj. [some regard this as a shortened form of anapleôs, = filled up, full; others, as for ambulus from amb-, rounded out, as superus from super, etc.; v. Doed. Syn. II. p. 113; but perh. it is better to form it from am- and -plus, akin to -pleo, plenus, q. v. Pott], thus pr., full all round; hence, great, large. —In space, of large extent, great, large, wide, ample, spacious (the forms amplus and amplior are very rare in the ante-class. per., and rare in all periods. Amplius is com. in the ante-class., freq. in the class., and very freq. in the post-class. per., the Vulg. rarely using the other forms, but using this 121 times. Amplissimus belongs to prose, and is scarcely used before Cicero, with whom it was a very favorite word. It was also used by Plin. Maj. and Min., but never by Tac., Sall. (in his genuine works), nor the Vulg. Catullus used only the form amplius, and Prop. only amplus, while Tib. and Pers. never used this word in any form. Ampliter is found mostly in Plaut.; and ample and amplissime are used a few times by Cic. and by writers that followed him; syn.: magnus, ingens, latus, late patens, spatiosus, laxus).

Lit.:

amplus et spectu protervo ferox,

Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 94 Rib.:

qui (Pluto) ter amplum Geryonen compescit unda,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 7:

ampla domus dedecori domino fit, si est in ea solitudo,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; so Verg. A. 2, 310:

admodum amplum et excelsum signum,

Cic. Verr. 4, 74:

collis castris parum amplus,

Sall. J. 98, 3:

porticibus in amplis,

Verg. A. 3, 353:

per amplum mittimur Elysium,

id. ib. 6, 743:

vocemque per ampla volutant Atria,

id. ib. 1, 725:

nil vulva pulchrius ampla,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 41:

amplae aures,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

milium amplum grano,

id. 18, 7, 10, § 55:

cubiculum amplum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 6:

baptisterium amplum atque opacum,

id. ib. 5, 6, 25.— Comp.:

quanto est res amplior,

Lucr. 2, 1133:

Amplior Urgo et Capraria,

Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 81:

avis paulo amplior passere,

id. 10, 32, 47, § 89:

amplior specie mortali,

Suet. Aug. 94; id. Caes. 76 (for the neutr. amplius, v. infra).— Sup.:

amplissima curia... gymnasium amplissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53:

urbs amplissima atque ornatissima,

id. Agr. 2, 76:

amplissimum peristylum,

id. Dom. 116:

(candelabrum) ad amplissimi templi ornatum esse factum,

id. Verr. 4, 65:

mons Italiae amplissimus,

Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:

amplissimum flumen,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 3:

amplissimus lacus,

id. ib. 10, 41, 2:

amplissima insula,

Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 71:

amplissimi horti,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:

amplissima arborum,

Plin. 16, 39, 76, § 200:

est (topazon) amplissima gemmarum,

id. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

amplissimum cubiculum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 23.—

Transf., great, abundant, ample, much, long:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6 and Ep. 2, 2, 117:

pabula miseris mortalibus ampla,

Lucr. 5, 944:

ampla civitas,

Cic. Verr. 4, 81; 4, 96:

civitas ampla atque florens,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3:

gens ampla,

Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 125:

amplae copiae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 19:

ampla manus militum,

Liv. Epit. 1, 4, 9:

pecuaria res ampla,

Cic. Quinct. 12:

res familiaris ampla,

id. Phil. 13, 8:

(res) ampla,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 82, 20 Kritz:

patrimonium amplum et copiosum,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 6; id. Dom. 146: id. Phil. 2, 67:

amplae divitiae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 101:

esse patri ejus amplas facultates,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

in amplis opibus heres,

Plin. 9, 36, 59, § 122.— Comp.:

amplior numerus,

Cic. Mil. 57; Sall. J. 105, 3; Tac. A. 14, 53:

ampliores aquae,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 58:

amplior exercitus,

Sall. J. 54, 3; Suet. Vesp. 4:

commeatus spe amplior,

Sall. J. 75, 8:

amplior pecunia, Auct. B. Alex. 56: pecunia amplior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 2:

pretia ampliora,

Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84:

omnia longe ampliora invenire quam etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

ampliores noctes,

Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

ut ampliori tempore maneret,

Vulg. Act. 18, 20.— Sup.:

peditatus copiae amplissimae e Gallia,

Cic. Font. 8:

exercitus amplissimus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 2; 9, 13, 11:

amplissima pecunia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 31:

amplissimae fortunae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 8; id. Quinct. 49; id. Phil. 10, 4:

amplissimae patrimonii copiae,

id. Fl. 89:

amplissimas summas emptionibus occupare,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 3:

opes amplissimae,

id. ib. 8, 18, 4:

amplissima dies horarum quindecim etc.,

the longest day, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 218.—Also subst. in comp. neutr. (v. amplius, adv. infra), more:

ut quirem exaudire amplius,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 173 Rib.:

si vis amplius dari, Dabitur,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 18:

jam amplius orat,

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

daturus non sum amplius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29:

non complectar in his libris amplius quam quod etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 6, 22:

tantum adfero quantum ipse optat, atque etiam amplius,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 10:

ni amplius etiam, quod ebibit,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 20: Ph. Etiamne amplius? Th. Nil, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 63: Tr. Dimidium Volo ut dicas. Gr. Immo hercle etiam amplius, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 21: Th. Nempe octoginta debentur huic minae? Tr. Haud nummo amplius, id. Most. 3, 3, 16:

etiam amplius illam adparare condecet,

Turp. Com. Rel. p. 100 Rib.:

hoc onere suscepto amplexus animo sum aliquanto amplius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1:

si sit opus liquidi non amplius urna,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 54:

omnis numerus amplius octingentis milibus explebat,

Vell. 2, 110, 3:

Segestanis imponebat aliquanto amplius quam etc.,

Cic. Verr. 4, 76:

illa corona contentus Thrasybulus neque amplius requisivit,

Nep. Thras. 4, 3:

amplius possidere,

Plin. 18, 4, 3, § 17:

Ille imperio ei reddito haud amplius, quam ut duo ex tribus filiis secum militarent, exegit,

Curt. 8, 4, 21:

dedit quantum maximum potuit, daturus amplius, si potuisset,

Plin. Ep. 3, 21, 6:

cum hoc amplius praestet, quod etc.,

id. ib. 7, 25, 1.—Also with part. gen., more of, a greater quantity or number of:

gaudeo tibi liberorum esse amplius,

Plaut. Cist. 5, 4:

te amplius bibisse praedicet loti,

Cat. 39, 21:

amplius frumenti auferre,

Cic. Verr. 3, 49:

expensum est auri viginti paulo amplius,

id. Fl. 6, 8:

amplius negotii contrahi,

id. Cat. 4, 9:

si amplius obsidum vellet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9, ubi v. Herz.:

quanto ejus amplius processerat temporis,

id. B. C. 3, 25.—

Fig.

Of internal power or force, great, strong, violent, impetuous:

pro viribus amplis,

Lucr. 5, 1174:

amplae vires peditum,

Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 75;

ampla nepotum Spes,

Prop. 4, 22, 41:

poena sera, sed ampla,

full, strict, id. 4, 5, 32. — Comp.:

haec irae factae essent multo ampliores,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 9:

si forte morbus amplior factus siet, i. e. gravior,

id. ib. 3, 1, 50:

amplior metus,

Cic. Clu. 128:

amplior potentia feris,

Plin. 28, 10, 42, § 153:

ampliorem dicendi facultatem consequi,

Quint. 2, 3, 4:

amplior eoque acrior impetus,

Flor. 4, 2, 66:

spes amplior,

Sall. J. 105, 4:

amplius accipietis judicium,

severer, Vulg. Matt. 23, 14:

amplior auctoritas,

Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 47:

amplior virtus,

higher merit, Quint. 8, 3, 83:

idem aut amplior cultus (dei),

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 18:

amplior est quaestio,

Quint. 3, 5, 8:

ampliora verba,

of larger meaning, id. 8, 4, 2: scientia intellegentiaque ac sapientia ampliores inventae sunt in te, Vulg. Dan. 5, 14:

quo legatis animus amplior esset,

Sall. C. 40, 6; 59, 1:

spiritus amplior,

Vulg. Dan. 5, 12; 6, 3.— Sup.:

(honos) pro amplissimis meritis redditur,

Cic. Phil. 5, 41:

cujus sideris (Caniculae) effectus amplissimi in terra sentiuntur,

very violent, Plin. 2, 40, 40, § 107:

amplissima spes,

Suet. Caes. 7:

his finis cognitionis amplissimae,

most important trial, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 23.—

Of external splendor, great, handsome, magnificent, splendid, glorious:

illis ampla satis forma, pudicitia,

great enough, Prop. 1, 2, 24:

haec ampla sunt, haec divina,

Cic. Sest. 102; id. Arch. 23:

res gestae satis amplae,

Sall. C. 8, 2:

cur parum amplis adfecerit praemiis,

Cic. Mil. 57:

ampla quidem, sed pro ingentibus meritis praemia acceperunt,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

amplum in modum praemia ostentare,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 26, 6:

amplis honoribus usi,

Sall. J. 25, 4:

amplis honoribus auctos,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 11.—Sometimes in mal. part. or ironically:

amplam occasionem calumniae nactus,

a fine opportunity, Cic. Verr. 2, 61:

spolia ampla refertis Tuque puerque tuus,

glorious spoils, Verg. A. 4, 93.— Comp.:

ne ullum munus aedilitatis amplius aut gratius populo esse possit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5; id. Mur. 37:

praemiis ad perdiscendum amplioribus commoveri,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 13:

alicui ampliorem laudem tribuere,

id. Sest. 27:

in aliqua re esse laudem ampliorem,

id. Marcell. 4:

corporis membris plus dedit, id amplius atque augustius ratus (Zeuxis),

Quint. 12, 10, 5:

ut Augustus vocaretur ampliore cognomine,

Suet. Aug. 7.— Subst.:

in potestatibus eo modo agitabat, ut ampliore, quam gerebat, dignus haberetur,

of something greater, Sall. J. 63, 5.— Sup.:

ut consules monumentum quam amplissimum faciundum curent,

Cic. Phil. 14, 38; 14, 31; id. Verr. 4, 82:

hoc munus aedilitatis amplissimum,

id. ib. 1, 12, 36; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 1, 74:

alicui amplissimas potestates dare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31:

insignibus amplissimis ornatus,

id. ib. 2, 101:

dona amplissima conferre,

Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9:

praemia legatis dedistis amplissima,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5; id. Phil. 2, 32:

spe amplissimorum praemiorum adduci,

id. Mil. 5; id. de Or. 1, 5, 16:

velut praemium quoddam amplissimum longi laboris,

Quint. 10, 7, 1:

munera amplissima mittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

vestris beneficiis amplissimis adfectus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 51; id. Dom. 98:

laudi amplissimae lauream concedere,

id. Pis. 74:

laudibus amplissimis adficere,

id. Phil. 7, 11:

amplissimam gloriam consequi,

id. Prov. Cons. 39:

ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine adfeceris,

id. Deiot. 14:

amplissimis aliquem efferre honoribus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 17, 3:

amplissimis uti honoribus,

Cic. Fl. 45:

amplissimos honores adipisci,

id. Verr. 5, 181:

honores adsequi amplissimos,

id. Mil. 81:

aliquem ad honores amplissimos perducere,

id. Am. 20, 73:

meus labor fructum est amplissimum consecutus,

id. Imp. Pomp 2:

mihi gratiae verbis amplissimis aguntur,

in the handsomest termis, id. Cat. 3, 14; id. Phil. 2, 13; id. Quir. 15:

ei amplissimis verbis gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 3:

provincia Gallia merito ornatur verbis amplissimis ab senatu,

id. ib. 4, 9:

amplissimis verbis conlaudatus,

Suet. Caes. 16:

amplissimo populi senatusque judicio exercitus habuistis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 12; id. Fl. 5; id. Dom. 86; id. Planc. 93:

de meo consulatu amplissima atque ornatissima decreta fecerunt,

id. Dom. 74:

quam universi populi, illius gentis, amplissimum testimonium (said of Cic.),

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 116.—

In respect of the opinion of others, esteemed, renowned, etc.:

quicquid est, quamvis amplum sit, id est parum tum cum est aliquid amplius,

Cic. Marcell. 26:

quid hunc hominem magnum aut amplum de re publica cogitare (putare possumus), qui etc.,

great or noble, id. Imp. Pomp. 37:

omnia, quae vobis cara atque ampla sunt,

id. Agr. 2, 9; id. Arch. 23:

convenerunt corrogati et quidem ampli quidam homines,

id. Phil. 3, 20:

hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,

small and great, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 28:

amplis doctoribus instructus,

Tac. A. 14, 52:

sin autem sunt amplae et honestae familiae plebeiae,

Cic. Mur. 7, 15.— Comp.:

cum est aliquid amplius,

Cic. Marcell. 26:

ampliores ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77, where Dinter reads priores: quo (ingenio) neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est, [p. 112] Sall. J. 2, 4:

nihil amplius potes (tribuere) amicitia tua,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 10:

quid amplius facitis?

Vulg. Matt. 5, 47.— Sup.:

ex amplissimo genere nubere,

Cic. Cael. 34:

amplissimo genere natus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12:

genere copiisque amplissimus, id. ib 6, 15: quam (familiam) vidit amplissimam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12:

amplissimos patruos habere,

id. Sex. Rosc. 147:

amplissima civitas,

id. Verr. 5, 122:

apud illos Fabiorum nomen est amplissimum,

id. Font. 36; id. Caecin. 104; id. Verr. 3, 96; id. Deiot. 14:

mihi hic locus ad agendum amplissimus est visus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1:

non adgrediar ad illa maxima atque amplissima prius quam etc.,

id. Sest. 5:

licet tribuas ei quantum amplissimum potes, nihil tamen amplius potes amicitia tua,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 10:

amplissimis operibus increscere,

id. ib. 8, 4, 3:

honores in amplissimo consilio collocare,

Cic. Sen. 2:

amplissimi orbis terrae consilii principes,

id. Phil. 3, 34: honoris amplissimi puto esse accusare improbos, I esteem it to be the greatest honor, etc., id. Div. in Caecil. 70:

promotus ad amplissimas procurationes,

Plin. Ep. 7, 31, 3:

praeter honores amplissimos cognomenque etc.,

Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 142:

spes amplissimae dignitatis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 49; id. Sen. 19, 68; Suet. Vit. 2.—

Hence, amplissimus (almost always thus in sup.) as a title for persons holding great and honored offices, as consul, senator, etc., or as an honorable epithet of the office itself or the body of officers, distinguished, very distinguished, honorable, right honorable, most honorable, etc.:

is mihi videtur amplissimus, qui sua virtute in altiorem locum pervenit,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 83:

homo et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimus,

id. Mur. 8:

P. Africanus rebus gestis amplissimus,

id. Caecin. 69:

ut homines amplissimi testimonium de sua re non dicerent,

id. Sex. Rosc. 102; id. Clu. 197:

Q. Catuli atque ceterorum amplissimorum hominum auctoritas,

id. Imp. Pomp. 63:

vir amplissimus ejus civitatis,

id. Verr. 4, 17; id. Fl. 32:

exercitum Cn. Domitii, amplissimi viri, sustentavit,

id. Deiot. 5, 14:

cum habeas amplissimi viri religionem (of L. Lucullus),

id. Arch. 4, 8; id. Lig. 22:

in quo consilio amplissimi viri judicarent,

id. Mil. 5; id. Balb. 1; id. Dom. 2:

comitatus virorum amplissimorum,

id. Sull. 9:

viros primarios atque amplissimos civitatis in consilium advocare,

id. Verr. 3, 18:

ordinis amplissimi esse,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, 1; 37, 6:

cives amplissimos legare,

Cic. Balb. 42:

hoc amplissimum nomen, i. e. senatorium,

id. Verr. 3, 96:

amplissimus honos, i. e. consulatus,

id. Rep. 1, 6; so,

amplissimo praeditus magistratu,

Suet. Aug. 26:

amplissimus ordo, i. e. senatorius,

Plin. Ep. 10, 3; Suet. Calig. 49:

amplissimi ordines, i. e. senatus et equites,

id. Vesp. 9:

amplissimum collegium decemvirale,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

an vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 3:

amplissimum sacerdotium,

id. Verr. 2, 126; id. Phil. 13, 8:

sacerdotium amplissimum,

id. Verr. 2, 127.—

As rhet. epithet:

amplus orator,

one that speaks richly and with dignity, Cic. Or. 9; id. Brut. 68:

herous (pes), qui est idem dactylus Aristoteli amplior, iambus humanior videatur,

grander, more stately, Quint. 9, 4, 88:

amplius compositionis genus,

more copious style, id. 9, 4, 129.— Adv. (on the extent of the use of the different forms of the adverb, v. supra init.), largely, abundantly, copiously.

Lit.

Form amplĭter:

benigne ei largi atque ampliter,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 173 Rib.:

aptate munde atque ampliter convivium,

Pomp. Com. Rel. p. 234 Rib.:

extructam ampliter mensam,

Lucil. 13, 7 Mull.:

opsonato ampliter,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 65:

adpositum est ampliter,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 163:

acceptus hilare atque ampliter,

id. Merc. prol. 98:

modeste melius facere sumptum quam ampliter,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 10:

parum (digitulos) immersisti ampliter,

not deep enough, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 26.—

Form amplē:

exornat ample magnificeque triclinium,

Cic. Verr. 4, 62: qui ample valetudinarios nutriunt, in great numbers (v. the context), Cels. praef. med. —

Trop., fully, handsomely.