retrō

rĕ-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To send away or out of the way, to despatch, remove (class.; in class. prose usually with an odious accessory meaning; syn. amando).

Lit.

In gen.:

(L. Manlium tribunus plebis) criminabatur, quod Titum filium ab hominibus relegasset et ruri habitare jussisset,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Sen. Ben. 3, 37; Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; cf.:

filium in praedia rustica,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:

rejecti et relegati longe ab ceteris,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30 fin.:

procul Europā in ultima orientis relegati senes,

Curt. 5, 5, 14:

relegatos in ultimum paene rerum humanarum terminum,

id. 9, 2, 9:

cives tam procul ab domo,

Liv. 9, 26:

aliquem a republicā sub honorificentissimo ministerii titulo,

Vell. 2, 45, 4:

exercitum in aliā insulā,

Tac. Agr. 15:

me vel extremos Numidarum in agros Classe releget,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 48:

tauros procul atque in sola relegant Pascua,

Verg. G. 3, 212.— Poet., with dat.:

terris gens relegata ultimis, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: Trivia Hippolytum... nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat,

consigns him to Egeria, Verg. A. 7, 775. —

Transf., of a locality, to place at a distance, remove:

Taprobane extra orbem a naturā relegata,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 84; cf. Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 250. —

In partic., a publicists' t. t., to send into exile, to banish, relegate; said of banishment by which a person was sent only a certain distance from Rome, and usually for a limited time, without suffering a capitis deminutio (cf. deportatio and exilium):

relegatus, non exsul, dicor in illo,

Ov. Tr. 2, 137; 5, 11, 21; 5, 2, 61; id. P. 4, 13, 40: (consul) L. Lamiam... in concione relegavit, edixitque, ut ab urbe abesset millia passuum ducenta, Cic. Sest. 12, 29:

Marcus Piso in decem annos relegatur,

Tac. A. 3, 17 fin.; Suet. Tib. 50; id. Aug. 24:

ipse quosdam novo exemplo relegavit, ut ultra lapidem tertium vetaret egredi ab Urbe,

id. Claud. 23 fin.:

nemo eorum relegatus in exilium est,

Liv. 25, 6; cf.:

milites relegatos prope in exilium,

id. 26, 2 fin.:

ultra Karthaginem,

id. 40, 41:

aliquem Circeios in perpetuum,

Suet. Aug. 16 fin.:

in decem annos,

Tac. A. 3, 17:

in insulam,

id. 3, 86. —

Trop., to send away, put aside, reject:

apud quem ille sedens Samnitium dona relegaverat,

had sent back, rejected, Cic. Rep. 3, 28, 32 Moser (for which:

repudiati Samnites,

Cic. Sen. 16, 55):

ambitione relegatā,

put aside, apart, Hor. S. 1, 10, 84:

bella,

Luc. 6, 324 (dimoveam, removeam, Schol.):

inimicas vitiis artes non odio magis quam reverentia,

Plin. Pan. 47, 1:

verba alicujus,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 7. —

In partic., with a specification of the term. ad quem, to refer, attribute, ascribe, impute (post-Aug.):

nec tamen ego in plerisque eorum obstringam fidem meam potiusque ad auctores relegabo,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8:

totamque ad solos audito res relegāsse,

Quint. 3, 7, 1:

orationem rectae honestaeque vitae ad philosophos,

id. 1, prooem. §

10: mala ad crimen fortunae,

id. 6, prooem. § 13; cf.:

culpam in hominem,

id. 7, 4, 13:

invidiam in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 44, 2; 2, 64, 2 Ruhnk.— Poet., with dat.:

causas alicui,

to ascribe, Tib. 4, 6, 5.—

To refer to a book or an author:

ad auctores,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8 (cf. Nep. Cat. 3, 5, delegare).—

In jurid. Lat., to bequeath, devise, as an inheritance:

dotem,

Dig. 33, 4, 1 sq.; 23, 5, 8:

usum fructum,

ib. 23, 2, 23.

rĕ-lĕgo, lēgi, lectum, 3, v. a.

To gather together or collect again (almost exclusively poet.): janua difficilis filo est inventa relecto, i. e. by the thread (of Ariadne) wound up again, Ov. M. 8, 173:

(abies) docilis relegi, docilisque relinqui,

i. e. to be drawn back, Val. Fl. 6, 237:

menses decem a coactore releget (pecuniam),

Cato, R. R. 150, 2. —

In partic., of localities, to travel over or through again, to traverse or sail over again:

litora,

Verg. A. 3, 690:

Hellespontiacas illa (navis) relegit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 24:

egressi relegunt campos,

Val. Fl. 8, 121:

vias,

id. ib. 4, 54:

iter,

Stat. Achill. 1, 23; cf. id. S. 5, 3, 29:

spatia retro,

Sen. Agam. 572:

ter caelum (luna),

Stat. S. 5, 3, 29:

vestigia cursu,

Claud. B. G. 529:

cursum,

Prud. Apoth. 1004. —

In prose: relegit Asiam,

again coasts along, Tac. A. 2, 54:

rex cum suis dumeta relegens,

Amm. 30, 1, 15:

relegens margines lacus Brigantiae,

id. 15, 4, 1.—

To go through or over again in reading, in speech, or in thought, to read or relate again, = retractare (rarely in prose):

Trojani belli scriptorem Praeneste relegi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 2:

scripta,

Ov. R. Am. 717 sq.:

alicui librum,

to read aloud, Col. 4, 1, 1:

de nostris releges quemcunque libris,

Mart. 4, 29, 9. — Absol.:

deinde relegentes inveniunt, ubi posuerint (verba),

Quint. 11, 2, 23:

dum relegunt suos sermone labores,

Ov. M. 4, 569:

qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex eligendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72.—Acc to this last passage is to be explained: rĕlĭ-gens, entis, P. a., revering the gods, i. e. pious, religious: religentem esse oportet, religiosumst nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1.

rĕ-mētĭor, mensus, 4, v. dep. a., to measure or mete again, measure or mete back ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

iter retro remensumst,

Lucr. 2, 516:

si modo rite memor servata remetior astra,

Verg. A. 5, 25: frumentum pecuniā remetiri, to measure back with money, i. e. to pay for with an equal measure of money, Quint. Decl. 12, 19 fin. —In pass. sense:

in quā mensurā mensi fueritis, remetietur,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 2; id. Marc. 4, 24.—

Transf.

To measure back, i. e. to go, pass, or travel over again:

iter,

Stat. Th. 3, 324:

stadia,

Plin. 2, 71, 73, § 181.— In pass. sense:

pelagoque remenso, Improvisi aderunt,

Verg. A. 2, 181:

remenso mari,

id. ib. 3, 143.—

In gen., to void or discharge back again:

ille fide summā testae sua vina remensus, Reddidit oenophori pondera plena sui,

Mart. 6, 89, 5:

vinum omne vomitu,

Sen. Ep. 95, 21; cf. id. Prov. 3, 13.—

Trop., to go over in one's mind; to think over, reflect upon; to tell again, repeat:

totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior,

Sen. Ira, 3, 36:

fabulam,

App. M. 1, p. 104, 7; 2, p. 123, 35.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To measure or pass over again: transmissum discrimen convalescendo remetiri, to remeasure, in recovering, the danger surmounted (i. e. to be continually advancing in recovery), Plin. Ep. 8, 11, 2.

rĕ-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a., to press back, keep back; to check, curb, restrain (class., partic. in the trop. sense; cf.: repello, refuto).

Lit.: illa praedicta Veientium, si lacus Albanus redundasset, Romam periturum;

si repressus esset, Veios,

Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69:

amnem,

Flor. 1, 1, 3:

fontes,

Stat. Th. 5, 522:

alvum,

Cels. 2, 12; cf.:

medicamenta reprimentia,

id. 6, 6, 2; 6, 16, 2 al.:

vulvas procidentes,

Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182:

sudorem,

id. 20, 13, 51, § 142:

labra,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 16:

dextram,

Verg. A. 12, 939:

ensem,

Stat. Th. 11, 309:

retro pedem cum voce,

Verg. A. 2, 378.—

Of personal objects: represso jam Lucterio et remoto,

forced back, Caes. B. G. 7, 8; cf.:

aliquem repressum, non oppressum relinquere,

Cic. Mur. 15, 32.—

Trop. (the figure borrowed from the restraining, confining of a stream), to check, curb, restrain, limit, confine, repress:

difficilem quandam temperantiam postulant in eo, quod semel admissum coërceri reprimique non potest,

Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

furorem exsultantem reprimere,

id. Sest. 44, 95:

intellego hanc rei publicae pestem paulisper reprimi, non in perpetuum comprimi posse,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:

memoria, non exstincta, sed repressa vetustate,

suppressed, id. Cael. 30, 71:

impetus hostium repressos esse intellegunt ac retardatos,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

iis regios spiritus repressit,

Nep. Dion, 5, 5:

animi incitationem atque alacritatem non reprimere sed augere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92 fin.:

cursum,

id. ib. 3, 93:

itinera,

Cic. Att. 10, 9:

fugam hostium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

iracundiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 8; 9:

nunc reprimam susceptam objurgationem,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 9 (15):

illius conatus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64:

consuetudinem peccandi,

id. ib. 2, 2, 22, §

53: fletum,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

gemitum,

Ov. M. 9, 163 et saep.:

odium suum a corpore alicujus,

Cic. Sest. 55, 117:

famam,

id. Phil. 11, 10, 23:

ferocitatem,

id. Off. 2, 11, 40:

impetum,

id. Leg. 3, 12, 27.— Poet., with inf.: ast occasus ubi tempusve audere repressit, the bold undertaking, Enn. ap. Tert. p. 178 Müll. (Ann. v. 292 Vahl.).—

Of personal objects: quem neque fides, neque jusjurandum... Repressit,

has restrained, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 9:

me... horum aspectus in ipso cursu orationis repressit,

Cic. Sest. 69, 144:

quem L. Murena repressum magnā ex parte, non oppressum reliquit,

id. Mur. 15, 32: reprimam me, ne aegre quicquam ex me audias, I will control myself, check or restrain myself, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; so,

me,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 25; Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 44:

hac repressi castigatione in proelium redeunt,

Just. 1, 6, 15; cf.

mid.: vix reprimor, quin te manere jubeam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 58:

se ab omni contagione vitiorum,

Plin. Pan. 83, 2.— Hence, adv.: rĕpressē, with restraint, constrainedly:

repressius peccare,

Gell. 12, 11, 5:

repressius actum est,

Amm. 29, 2, 12.

rĕ-sŭpīnus, a, um, adj., bent back or backwards, lying on one ' s back or with the face upwards, supine (not in Cic.).

Lit.: resupinum in caelo contueri, i. e. lying on [p. 1585] one ' s back, face upwards, supine, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

fertur equis curruque haeret resupinus inani,

Verg. A. 1, 476:

eque tuo pendet resupino spiritus ore,

Lucr. 1, 37; Ov. H. 16, 255; id. M. 2, 267:

jacuit resupinus humi,

id. ib. 4, 121;

12, 324: hunc ego resupinum fudi,

id. ib. 13, 86 al.:

retro lentas tendo resupinus habenas,

bent back, id. ib. 15, 520:

collum,

id. ib. 1, 730:

pectus,

id. ib. 12, 138:

caput,

Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 93 et saep. — Of an arrogant gait or manner: (Niobe) mediam tulerat gressus resupina per urbem, with head thrown back, i. e. proudly, Ov. M. 6, 275; cf. Sen. Ep. 80, 7;

Cod. Th. 9, 3, 6: si non resupini spectantesque tectum expectaverimus, quid obveniat,

Quint. 10, 3, 15:

spectat resupino sidera vultu,

Mart. 9, 44, 3.—

Transf., of things turned or bent back:

Elis,

spread out on a hill, Stat. Th. 4, 237:

labra lilii,

Plin. 21, 5, 11, § 23:

vomer,

id. 18, 18, 48, § 171.—

Trop., lazy, slothful, effeminate, careless, negligent:

voluptas,

Quint. 5, 12, 20; cf. id. 11, 3, 167:

qui solvit, numquam ita resupinus est, ut facile suas pecunias jactet,

Dig. 22, 3, 25:

existimatio,

ib. 43, 24, 4.

rĕ-texo, xui (retexi, Manil. 4, 214 dub.), xtum, 3, v. a.

To unweave, unravel what has been woven (class.).

Lit.:

quasi Penelope telam retexens,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 95:

tela retexta dolo,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 30:

telas,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 9.—

Poet., transf., [p. 1586] of other things:

nec (corpora possunt) retexi,

be decomposed, Lucr. 1, 529; so,

umorem maris (sol),

id. 5, 267: luna quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem, i. e. lessened or diminished again, Ov. M. 7, 531.—

Trop., to break up, cancel, annul, reverse (cf.:

resolvo, rescindo): multa quaerendo reperiunt non modo ea, quae jam non possint ipsi dissolvere, sed etiam quibus ante exorsa et potius detexta prope retexantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

superiora (novi timores),

id. Fam. 11, 14, 3:

istius praeturam (opp. suam gerere),

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:

illa (dicta),

to take back, id. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

orationem meam,

to alter, change, id. Phil. 2, 13, 32:

scriptorum quaeque,

to revise, correct, Hor. S. 2, 3, 2:

opus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 30; id. R. Am. 12:

retegens caelum terque ora retexens,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 29:

jura,

Manil. 4, 214:

calumniae textum,

App. Mag. p. 313, 38: an, quod adulescens praestiti, id nunc commutem ac me ipse retexam? and fashion myself anew, metamorphose myself, Masius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5.—

To weave again or anew; to renew, repeat ( poet.; not anteAug.). — Trop.:

properata retexite fata,

i. e. call back to life, Ov. M. 10, 31:

inde retro redeunt, idemque retexitur ordo,

id. ib. 15, 249; cf. Verg. A. 12, 763.—

To repeat, relate again, narrate:

oro, mater, ordine mihi singula retexe,

App. M. 9, p. 224, 30; so,

orationem,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 6; Claud. B. Gild. 325; Aus. Idyll. 10, 298.

rē̆trō-versus or - sum ( - vorsus, and sync. rē̆trōrsus, - sum, also rē̆trōsus, Tert. Apol. 19), a, um, adj. [verto], turned back or backwards (adj. very rare, but freq. as adv.; v. infra).

Form rē̆trōversus:

Medusae Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora,

Ov. M. 4, 655:

retroversi ortus omen,

Sol. 4. — Trop.:

argumentum,

confuted, Lact. 1, 16 fin. —

Form rē̆trōrsus:

retrorsā manu,

Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93:

denique saepe retrorsa respiciens (mulier) substitit,

App. M. 2, 6 Hild. p. 101 Oud. (retrorsus, p. 101 Elm.).—

Trop., back, as to time, former, earlier; so only in comp.:

retrosior,

older, Tert. Apol. 19.—Hence, adv., in four forms: retrorsum (the predom. one, class.), retrorsus, retrovorsum, and retroversus, back, backwards, behind.

Lit.

Form rē̆trōrsum:

me vestigia terrent, Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

vela dare,

id. C. 1, 34, 3; cf.:

mutata te ferat aura,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

rejectae Hannibalis minae,

id. C. 4, 8, 16; cf.

redire,

Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 99.—

Form rē̆trōrsus: dare terga metu, Val. Fl. 3, 268:

cedentem,

Sil. 11, 513; App. M. 3, p. 143, 39.—

Form rē̆trōvorsum: cedam, imitabor nepam, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 145, 14; Macr. S. 1, 17. —

Form rē̆trōversus:

colonia crescit tamquam coda vituli,

Petr. 44, 12.—

Trop.

In time, back, before, earlier (jurid. Lat.):

retrorsus ad id tempus, etc.,

Dig. 15, 1, 32 fin.:

retrorsum se actio refert,

ib. 13, 5, 18.—

In other relations, back, backwards, in return, in reversed order.

Form rē̆trōrsum: ex terrā aqua, ex aquā oritur aer, ex aëre aether;

deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 84 (cf. the like use of retro, Lucr. 1, 785):

ut viros ac feminas, diem ac noctem dicas potius, quam retrorsum,

Quint. 9, 4, 23; 7, 1, 25:

quaedam et retrorsum idem valent,

id. 5, 9, 6:

sed omnia retrorsum,

Flor. 4, 12, 25.—

Form rē̆trōrsus:

ac si retrorsus homo mihi venisset,

Dig. 44, 3, 6, § 1.

rē̆trō-versus or - sum ( - vorsus, and sync. rē̆trōrsus, - sum, also rē̆trōsus, Tert. Apol. 19), a, um, adj. [verto], turned back or backwards (adj. very rare, but freq. as adv.; v. infra).

Form rē̆trōversus:

Medusae Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora,

Ov. M. 4, 655:

retroversi ortus omen,

Sol. 4. — Trop.:

argumentum,

confuted, Lact. 1, 16 fin. —

Form rē̆trōrsus:

retrorsā manu,

Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93:

denique saepe retrorsa respiciens (mulier) substitit,

App. M. 2, 6 Hild. p. 101 Oud. (retrorsus, p. 101 Elm.).—

Trop., back, as to time, former, earlier; so only in comp.:

retrosior,

older, Tert. Apol. 19.—Hence, adv., in four forms: retrorsum (the predom. one, class.), retrorsus, retrovorsum, and retroversus, back, backwards, behind.

Lit.

Form rē̆trōrsum:

me vestigia terrent, Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

vela dare,

id. C. 1, 34, 3; cf.:

mutata te ferat aura,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

rejectae Hannibalis minae,

id. C. 4, 8, 16; cf.

redire,

Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 99.—

Form rē̆trōrsus: dare terga metu, Val. Fl. 3, 268:

cedentem,

Sil. 11, 513; App. M. 3, p. 143, 39.—

Form rē̆trōvorsum: cedam, imitabor nepam, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 145, 14; Macr. S. 1, 17. —

Form rē̆trōversus:

colonia crescit tamquam coda vituli,

Petr. 44, 12.—

Trop.

In time, back, before, earlier (jurid. Lat.):

retrorsus ad id tempus, etc.,

Dig. 15, 1, 32 fin.:

retrorsum se actio refert,

ib. 13, 5, 18.—

In other relations, back, backwards, in return, in reversed order.

Form rē̆trōrsum: ex terrā aqua, ex aquā oritur aer, ex aëre aether;

deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 84 (cf. the like use of retro, Lucr. 1, 785):

ut viros ac feminas, diem ac noctem dicas potius, quam retrorsum,

Quint. 9, 4, 23; 7, 1, 25:

quaedam et retrorsum idem valent,

id. 5, 9, 6:

sed omnia retrorsum,

Flor. 4, 12, 25.—

Form rē̆trōrsus:

ac si retrorsus homo mihi venisset,

Dig. 44, 3, 6, § 1.

rē̆trō-versus or - sum ( - vorsus, and sync. rē̆trōrsus, - sum, also rē̆trōsus, Tert. Apol. 19), a, um, adj. [verto], turned back or backwards (adj. very rare, but freq. as adv.; v. infra).

Form rē̆trōversus:

Medusae Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora,

Ov. M. 4, 655:

retroversi ortus omen,

Sol. 4. — Trop.:

argumentum,

confuted, Lact. 1, 16 fin. —

Form rē̆trōrsus:

retrorsā manu,

Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93:

denique saepe retrorsa respiciens (mulier) substitit,

App. M. 2, 6 Hild. p. 101 Oud. (retrorsus, p. 101 Elm.).—

Trop., back, as to time, former, earlier; so only in comp.:

retrosior,

older, Tert. Apol. 19.—Hence, adv., in four forms: retrorsum (the predom. one, class.), retrorsus, retrovorsum, and retroversus, back, backwards, behind.

Lit.

Form rē̆trōrsum:

me vestigia terrent, Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

vela dare,

id. C. 1, 34, 3; cf.:

mutata te ferat aura,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

rejectae Hannibalis minae,

id. C. 4, 8, 16; cf.

redire,

Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 99.—

Form rē̆trōrsus: dare terga metu, Val. Fl. 3, 268:

cedentem,

Sil. 11, 513; App. M. 3, p. 143, 39.—

Form rē̆trōvorsum: cedam, imitabor nepam, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 145, 14; Macr. S. 1, 17. —

Form rē̆trōversus:

colonia crescit tamquam coda vituli,

Petr. 44, 12.—

Trop.

In time, back, before, earlier (jurid. Lat.):

retrorsus ad id tempus, etc.,

Dig. 15, 1, 32 fin.:

retrorsum se actio refert,

ib. 13, 5, 18.—

In other relations, back, backwards, in return, in reversed order.

Form rē̆trōrsum: ex terrā aqua, ex aquā oritur aer, ex aëre aether;

deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 84 (cf. the like use of retro, Lucr. 1, 785):

ut viros ac feminas, diem ac noctem dicas potius, quam retrorsum,

Quint. 9, 4, 23; 7, 1, 25:

quaedam et retrorsum idem valent,

id. 5, 9, 6:

sed omnia retrorsum,

Flor. 4, 12, 25.—

Form rē̆trōrsus:

ac si retrorsus homo mihi venisset,

Dig. 44, 3, 6, § 1.

rē̆trō-versus or - sum ( - vorsus, and sync. rē̆trōrsus, - sum, also rē̆trōsus, Tert. Apol. 19), a, um, adj. [verto], turned back or backwards (adj. very rare, but freq. as adv.; v. infra).

Form rē̆trōversus:

Medusae Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora,

Ov. M. 4, 655:

retroversi ortus omen,

Sol. 4. — Trop.:

argumentum,

confuted, Lact. 1, 16 fin. —

Form rē̆trōrsus:

retrorsā manu,

Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93:

denique saepe retrorsa respiciens (mulier) substitit,

App. M. 2, 6 Hild. p. 101 Oud. (retrorsus, p. 101 Elm.).—

Trop., back, as to time, former, earlier; so only in comp.:

retrosior,

older, Tert. Apol. 19.—Hence, adv., in four forms: retrorsum (the predom. one, class.), retrorsus, retrovorsum, and retroversus, back, backwards, behind.

Lit.

Form rē̆trōrsum:

me vestigia terrent, Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

vela dare,

id. C. 1, 34, 3; cf.:

mutata te ferat aura,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

rejectae Hannibalis minae,

id. C. 4, 8, 16; cf.

redire,

Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 99.—

Form rē̆trōrsus: dare terga metu, Val. Fl. 3, 268:

cedentem,

Sil. 11, 513; App. M. 3, p. 143, 39.—

Form rē̆trōvorsum: cedam, imitabor nepam, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 145, 14; Macr. S. 1, 17. —

Form rē̆trōversus:

colonia crescit tamquam coda vituli,

Petr. 44, 12.—

Trop.

In time, back, before, earlier (jurid. Lat.):

retrorsus ad id tempus, etc.,

Dig. 15, 1, 32 fin.:

retrorsum se actio refert,

ib. 13, 5, 18.—

In other relations, back, backwards, in return, in reversed order.

Form rē̆trōrsum: ex terrā aqua, ex aquā oritur aer, ex aëre aether;

deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 84 (cf. the like use of retro, Lucr. 1, 785):

ut viros ac feminas, diem ac noctem dicas potius, quam retrorsum,

Quint. 9, 4, 23; 7, 1, 25:

quaedam et retrorsum idem valent,

id. 5, 9, 6:

sed omnia retrorsum,

Flor. 4, 12, 25.—

Form rē̆trōrsus:

ac si retrorsus homo mihi venisset,

Dig. 44, 3, 6, § 1.

rē̆trō-versus or - sum ( - vorsus, and sync. rē̆trōrsus, - sum, also rē̆trōsus, Tert. Apol. 19), a, um, adj. [verto], turned back or backwards (adj. very rare, but freq. as adv.; v. infra).

Form rē̆trōversus:

Medusae Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora,

Ov. M. 4, 655:

retroversi ortus omen,

Sol. 4. — Trop.:

argumentum,

confuted, Lact. 1, 16 fin. —

Form rē̆trōrsus:

retrorsā manu,

Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93:

denique saepe retrorsa respiciens (mulier) substitit,

App. M. 2, 6 Hild. p. 101 Oud. (retrorsus, p. 101 Elm.).—

Trop., back, as to time, former, earlier; so only in comp.:

retrosior,

older, Tert. Apol. 19.—Hence, adv., in four forms: retrorsum (the predom. one, class.), retrorsus, retrovorsum, and retroversus, back, backwards, behind.

Lit.

Form rē̆trōrsum:

me vestigia terrent, Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

vela dare,

id. C. 1, 34, 3; cf.:

mutata te ferat aura,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

rejectae Hannibalis minae,

id. C. 4, 8, 16; cf.

redire,

Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 99.—

Form rē̆trōrsus: dare terga metu, Val. Fl. 3, 268:

cedentem,

Sil. 11, 513; App. M. 3, p. 143, 39.—

Form rē̆trōvorsum: cedam, imitabor nepam, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 145, 14; Macr. S. 1, 17. —

Form rē̆trōversus:

colonia crescit tamquam coda vituli,

Petr. 44, 12.—

Trop.

In time, back, before, earlier (jurid. Lat.):

retrorsus ad id tempus, etc.,

Dig. 15, 1, 32 fin.:

retrorsum se actio refert,

ib. 13, 5, 18.—

In other relations, back, backwards, in return, in reversed order.

Form rē̆trōrsum: ex terrā aqua, ex aquā oritur aer, ex aëre aether;

deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 84 (cf. the like use of retro, Lucr. 1, 785):

ut viros ac feminas, diem ac noctem dicas potius, quam retrorsum,

Quint. 9, 4, 23; 7, 1, 25:

quaedam et retrorsum idem valent,

id. 5, 9, 6:

sed omnia retrorsum,

Flor. 4, 12, 25.—

Form rē̆trōrsus:

ac si retrorsus homo mihi venisset,

Dig. 44, 3, 6, § 1.

rĕ-verto ( - vort-) and rĕ-vertor ( - vort-), versus (-vors-) ( inf. paragog. revertier, Phaedr. 4, 18, 14), 3 (the authors of the ante-Aug. per. make the perfect forms, with the exception of the part. reversus, only from the active root, reverti, reverteram, revertisse, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28: [p. 1590] Cic. Fam. 10, 28, 1; id. Att. 8, 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. Div. 1, 15, 27; id. Phil. 8, 10, 28; id. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; 1, 31, 2, 29; 2, 14; Sall. C. 37, 11 et saep.:

reversus,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 42; Sall. H. 4, 4 Dietsch;

but cf.: reversus sum, etc.,

Vell. 2, 42, 3; Quint. 7, 8, 2; 11, 2, 17; Tac. A. 12, 21; Front. Strat. 4, 2, 8; 4, 5, 17; Val. Max. 5, 1, 1; Nep. Them. 5, 2. But in the present tenses the active form is rare:

revortit,

Lucr. 3, 1061; 5, 1153, and Pompon. ap. Non. 476, 2;

or Com. Rel. p. 201 Rib.: revertebant,

Amm. 19, 5, 2; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 345 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 209 fin.) [verto], to turn back, turn about; to come back, return (syn.: redeo, revenio).

Lit.:

clamitant me ut revertar,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 30:

(Deiotarus) cum ex itinere revertisset... persaepe revertit ex itinere,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 8, 20:

eodem (vultu) semper se vidisse exeuntem illum domo et revertentem,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

ita maestus rediit, ut retractus, non reversus videretur,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

reversus ille, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

(mulier) per propinquos rogata, ut rediret, non est reversa,

Quint. 7, 8, 2 et saep.:

cum ego a foro revortor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

a Fabricio ponte,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 36:

a Scythiā,

Just. 9, 3, 1; 22, 3, 6:

reverti ab exsilio,

Tac. H. 1, 77; 2, 92; Suet. Calig. 59:

a bello,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; Sen. Suas. 2, 8; for which poet.:

silvā,

Ov. M. 5, 585:

jam ad te revortar,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

ad aliquem,

id. Ep. 3, 3, 43; id. Ps. 4, 7, 62; Caes. B. G. 2, 14 et saep.:

nisi domum revorteris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 31; so,

domum,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 16 (opp. egredior); 70; 2, 3, 99; Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107 (opp. egressi); Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 24 al.:

Formias,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 7:

Ameriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

Epheso Laodiceam,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

hunc in locum,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 29:

in castra,

Sall. J. 58, 7:

ad assuetas sibi sedes,

Quint. 11, 2, 6:

huc,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 57; 3, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 9; Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13 (opp. hinc profecti). — With double nom.:

consules praedā ingenti partā victores reverterunt,

Liv. 7, 17. —

Of things:

sol inde (sc. a brumalibus flexibus) revortens,

Lucr. 5, 616:

revertitur idem sol sub terras,

id. 5, 658:

revertitur luna ad signum quodque,

id. 5, 635:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

id. 2, 130:

retroque a terrā cunctā revorti,

id. 1, 785:

quis neget... Tiberim reverti,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 12:

sol reversus,

Manil. 5, 464. —

Trop.

In gen., to return:

nescit vox missa reverti,

Hor. A. P. 390; cf. Quint. 10, 7, 14:

leti jam limine ab ipso Ad vitam possint revorti,

Lucr. 2, 961:

ad superiorem consuetudinem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

ad illum animum meum pristinum,

id. ib. 10, 28, 1:

ad sanitatem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

ad corporis commodum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

haec ad easdem particulas,

Quint. 3, 6, 65:

ad Musas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 9:

ad bonam vitae consuetudinem,

Dig. 34, 4, 30:

ut reverteretur in gratiam mecum,

Petr. 87:

poena in caput tuum,

Ov. A. A. 1, 340; cf. Tac. H. 3, 31. —

In partic., in speech (after a digression), to return, revert to a theme, etc.:

scribam tibi tres libros, ad quos revertare,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 4:

discedo parumper a somniis, ad quae mox revertar,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 47:

sed, ut ad propositum revertamur, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 104:

ut ad me revertar,

id. Cael. 3, 6:

ad illam puellam exposititiam,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 79:

proinde ad id revertar,

Curt. 7, 1, 26:

illuc,

Nep. Dion, 4. —

In a comic equivoque: revortor rursus denuo Carthaginem, Si quid mandare voltis aut curarier,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 79.

rĕ-verto ( - vort-) and rĕ-vertor ( - vort-), versus (-vors-) ( inf. paragog. revertier, Phaedr. 4, 18, 14), 3 (the authors of the ante-Aug. per. make the perfect forms, with the exception of the part. reversus, only from the active root, reverti, reverteram, revertisse, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28: [p. 1590] Cic. Fam. 10, 28, 1; id. Att. 8, 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. Div. 1, 15, 27; id. Phil. 8, 10, 28; id. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; 1, 31, 2, 29; 2, 14; Sall. C. 37, 11 et saep.:

reversus,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 42; Sall. H. 4, 4 Dietsch;

but cf.: reversus sum, etc.,

Vell. 2, 42, 3; Quint. 7, 8, 2; 11, 2, 17; Tac. A. 12, 21; Front. Strat. 4, 2, 8; 4, 5, 17; Val. Max. 5, 1, 1; Nep. Them. 5, 2. But in the present tenses the active form is rare:

revortit,

Lucr. 3, 1061; 5, 1153, and Pompon. ap. Non. 476, 2;

or Com. Rel. p. 201 Rib.: revertebant,

Amm. 19, 5, 2; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 345 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 209 fin.) [verto], to turn back, turn about; to come back, return (syn.: redeo, revenio).

Lit.:

clamitant me ut revertar,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 30:

(Deiotarus) cum ex itinere revertisset... persaepe revertit ex itinere,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 8, 20:

eodem (vultu) semper se vidisse exeuntem illum domo et revertentem,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

ita maestus rediit, ut retractus, non reversus videretur,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

reversus ille, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

(mulier) per propinquos rogata, ut rediret, non est reversa,

Quint. 7, 8, 2 et saep.:

cum ego a foro revortor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

a Fabricio ponte,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 36:

a Scythiā,

Just. 9, 3, 1; 22, 3, 6:

reverti ab exsilio,

Tac. H. 1, 77; 2, 92; Suet. Calig. 59:

a bello,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; Sen. Suas. 2, 8; for which poet.:

silvā,

Ov. M. 5, 585:

jam ad te revortar,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

ad aliquem,

id. Ep. 3, 3, 43; id. Ps. 4, 7, 62; Caes. B. G. 2, 14 et saep.:

nisi domum revorteris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 31; so,

domum,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 16 (opp. egredior); 70; 2, 3, 99; Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107 (opp. egressi); Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 24 al.:

Formias,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 7:

Ameriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

Epheso Laodiceam,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

hunc in locum,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 29:

in castra,

Sall. J. 58, 7:

ad assuetas sibi sedes,

Quint. 11, 2, 6:

huc,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 57; 3, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 9; Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13 (opp. hinc profecti). — With double nom.:

consules praedā ingenti partā victores reverterunt,

Liv. 7, 17. —

Of things:

sol inde (sc. a brumalibus flexibus) revortens,

Lucr. 5, 616:

revertitur idem sol sub terras,

id. 5, 658:

revertitur luna ad signum quodque,

id. 5, 635:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

id. 2, 130:

retroque a terrā cunctā revorti,

id. 1, 785:

quis neget... Tiberim reverti,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 12:

sol reversus,

Manil. 5, 464. —

Trop.

In gen., to return:

nescit vox missa reverti,

Hor. A. P. 390; cf. Quint. 10, 7, 14:

leti jam limine ab ipso Ad vitam possint revorti,

Lucr. 2, 961:

ad superiorem consuetudinem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

ad illum animum meum pristinum,

id. ib. 10, 28, 1:

ad sanitatem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

ad corporis commodum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

haec ad easdem particulas,

Quint. 3, 6, 65:

ad Musas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 9:

ad bonam vitae consuetudinem,

Dig. 34, 4, 30:

ut reverteretur in gratiam mecum,

Petr. 87:

poena in caput tuum,

Ov. A. A. 1, 340; cf. Tac. H. 3, 31. —

In partic., in speech (after a digression), to return, revert to a theme, etc.:

scribam tibi tres libros, ad quos revertare,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 4:

discedo parumper a somniis, ad quae mox revertar,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 47:

sed, ut ad propositum revertamur, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 104:

ut ad me revertar,

id. Cael. 3, 6:

ad illam puellam exposititiam,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 79:

proinde ad id revertar,

Curt. 7, 1, 26:

illuc,

Nep. Dion, 4. —

In a comic equivoque: revortor rursus denuo Carthaginem, Si quid mandare voltis aut curarier,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 79.

rĕ-verto ( - vort-) and rĕ-vertor ( - vort-), versus (-vors-) ( inf. paragog. revertier, Phaedr. 4, 18, 14), 3 (the authors of the ante-Aug. per. make the perfect forms, with the exception of the part. reversus, only from the active root, reverti, reverteram, revertisse, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28: [p. 1590] Cic. Fam. 10, 28, 1; id. Att. 8, 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. Div. 1, 15, 27; id. Phil. 8, 10, 28; id. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; 1, 31, 2, 29; 2, 14; Sall. C. 37, 11 et saep.:

reversus,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 42; Sall. H. 4, 4 Dietsch;

but cf.: reversus sum, etc.,

Vell. 2, 42, 3; Quint. 7, 8, 2; 11, 2, 17; Tac. A. 12, 21; Front. Strat. 4, 2, 8; 4, 5, 17; Val. Max. 5, 1, 1; Nep. Them. 5, 2. But in the present tenses the active form is rare:

revortit,

Lucr. 3, 1061; 5, 1153, and Pompon. ap. Non. 476, 2;

or Com. Rel. p. 201 Rib.: revertebant,

Amm. 19, 5, 2; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 345 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 209 fin.) [verto], to turn back, turn about; to come back, return (syn.: redeo, revenio).

Lit.:

clamitant me ut revertar,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 30:

(Deiotarus) cum ex itinere revertisset... persaepe revertit ex itinere,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 8, 20:

eodem (vultu) semper se vidisse exeuntem illum domo et revertentem,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

ita maestus rediit, ut retractus, non reversus videretur,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

reversus ille, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

(mulier) per propinquos rogata, ut rediret, non est reversa,

Quint. 7, 8, 2 et saep.:

cum ego a foro revortor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

a Fabricio ponte,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 36:

a Scythiā,

Just. 9, 3, 1; 22, 3, 6:

reverti ab exsilio,

Tac. H. 1, 77; 2, 92; Suet. Calig. 59:

a bello,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; Sen. Suas. 2, 8; for which poet.:

silvā,

Ov. M. 5, 585:

jam ad te revortar,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

ad aliquem,

id. Ep. 3, 3, 43; id. Ps. 4, 7, 62; Caes. B. G. 2, 14 et saep.:

nisi domum revorteris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 31; so,

domum,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 16 (opp. egredior); 70; 2, 3, 99; Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107 (opp. egressi); Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 24 al.:

Formias,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 7:

Ameriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

Epheso Laodiceam,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

hunc in locum,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 29:

in castra,

Sall. J. 58, 7:

ad assuetas sibi sedes,

Quint. 11, 2, 6:

huc,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 57; 3, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 9; Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13 (opp. hinc profecti). — With double nom.:

consules praedā ingenti partā victores reverterunt,

Liv. 7, 17. —

Of things:

sol inde (sc. a brumalibus flexibus) revortens,

Lucr. 5, 616:

revertitur idem sol sub terras,

id. 5, 658:

revertitur luna ad signum quodque,

id. 5, 635:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

id. 2, 130:

retroque a terrā cunctā revorti,

id. 1, 785:

quis neget... Tiberim reverti,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 12:

sol reversus,

Manil. 5, 464. —

Trop.

In gen., to return:

nescit vox missa reverti,

Hor. A. P. 390; cf. Quint. 10, 7, 14:

leti jam limine ab ipso Ad vitam possint revorti,

Lucr. 2, 961:

ad superiorem consuetudinem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

ad illum animum meum pristinum,

id. ib. 10, 28, 1:

ad sanitatem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

ad corporis commodum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

haec ad easdem particulas,

Quint. 3, 6, 65:

ad Musas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 9:

ad bonam vitae consuetudinem,

Dig. 34, 4, 30:

ut reverteretur in gratiam mecum,

Petr. 87:

poena in caput tuum,

Ov. A. A. 1, 340; cf. Tac. H. 3, 31. —

In partic., in speech (after a digression), to return, revert to a theme, etc.:

scribam tibi tres libros, ad quos revertare,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 4:

discedo parumper a somniis, ad quae mox revertar,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 47:

sed, ut ad propositum revertamur, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 104:

ut ad me revertar,

id. Cael. 3, 6:

ad illam puellam exposititiam,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 79:

proinde ad id revertar,

Curt. 7, 1, 26:

illuc,

Nep. Dion, 4. —

In a comic equivoque: revortor rursus denuo Carthaginem, Si quid mandare voltis aut curarier,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 79.

rŏta, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. ratha, chariot, and Germ. Rad (cf.rotundus), wheel], a wheel.

Lit.:

pro rotā me uti licet,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9; cf.:

vorsutior es quam rota figularis,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 35:

orbes rotarum,

Lucr. 6, 551; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52:

axes rotarum,

id. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

radiata,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15:

aurea curvatura summae rotae, Ov M. 2, 108: aquaria,

Cato, R. R. 11, 3: ne currente rotā funis eat retro, while the wheel (in a hoisting machine) hurries forward, Hor. C. 3, 10, 10 et saep.—

In partic.

A potter ' s wheel (cf. supra, figularis):

amphora coepit Institui: currente rotā cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22; so,

Cumana,

Tib. 2, 3, 48:

Aristarchus invenit rotam figuli, cujus circuitu vasa formantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 31.—

A wheel for torture (trochos, among the Greeks):

in rotam beatam vitam non escendere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24:

cervicem circumactu rotae frangere,

Sen. Ep. 70, 23; App. M. 3, p. 133; 10, p. 243; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1011.— Ixion ' s wheel, Tib. 1, 3, 74; Verg. G. 4, 484; id. A. 6, 616; Sen. Herc. Fur. 750 et saep.—

A roller:

aliquid subjectis rotis traicere,

Front. 1, 5, 7:

propellere,

Tac. H. 4, 23; Vitr. 10, 13, 2.—

Poet., transf.

(Pars pro toto.) A car, chariot: si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, Ov.A. A. 2,230; cf. (opp. pedibus) id. M. 1, 448; so Prop. 1, 2, 20; 2, 25 (3, 20), 26;

4 (5), 10, 42: subdiderat rotas,

Verg. A. 12, 675; Ov. M. 2, 139; 312; 3, 150. —Of the span of horses:

Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis,

Sil. 4, 483.—

Of things in the shape of a wheel or disk.

The disk of the sun:

solis rota,

Lucr. 5, 432; 564; cf.:

flammea Phoebi,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1022; and simply rota, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 36 fin.; Val. Fl. 3, 559.—

A kind of sea-fish, Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8; 32, 11, 53, § 144.—

Trop., a wheel:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

i. e. fickleness, inconstancy, Cic. Pis. 10, 22; cf.:

versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70; Prop. 2, 8, 8 (10); Tac. Or. 23; Amm. 26, 8, 13.— Poet.:

imparibus vecta Thalia rotis,

i. e. in elegiac metre, Ov. A. A. 1, 264; so,

disparibus (elegorum) rotis,

id. P. 3, 4, 86: jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, vorsor in amoris rotā miser, on the rack of love (cf. I. A. 2. b. supra), Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4.

sestertĭus, a, um, num. adj. [contr. from semis-tertius], two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.

sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to

1 d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).

In gen.:

sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie [p. 1686] batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30:

taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini,

Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus:

mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos,

Col. 3, 3, 9.— Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego;

sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est,

Cic. Or. 46, 56:

sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum:

duo milia sestertiorum,

Col. 3, 3, 13.—

In partic.

As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.):

ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium),

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat,

id. ib. 3, 6, 6:

hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere,

id. ib. 3, 6, 11:

Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat,

id. ib. 3, 17, 3:

sestertiis octo milibus,

Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—

To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.):

si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119:

candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm),

id. Att. 4, 15, 7:

capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

bis dena super sestertia nummum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia,

id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals:

sestertia centum,

Sall. C. 30, 6:

septem donat sestertia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80:

centum sestertia,

Mart. 6, 20, 1:

sex sestertia,

id. 6, 30, 1; cf.:

ne cui jus esset nisi qui... HS. CCCC. census fuisset,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—

Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:

By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—

With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare;

once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—

With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).

Nom. and acc.:

quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93:

nonne sestertium centies et octogies... Romae in quaestu reliquisti?

id. Pis. 35, 86:

sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius,

Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4:

sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est,

Tac. A. 13, 31:

sestertium deciens numeratum esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163:

quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2:

sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse,

Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6:

sestertium milies in culinam congerere,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3:

quater milies sestertium suum vidit,

id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium:

dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—

Gen.:

syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

Liv. 45, 4, 1:

sestertii milies servus,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1:

liberalitas decies sestertii,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86:

centies sestertii largitio,

id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—

Abl.:

quadragies sestertio villam venisse,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3:

sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4:

centies sestertio cenavit uno die,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11:

pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt,

id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196:

accepto quinquagies sestertio,

Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X̅X̅., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H̅S̅. X̅X̅., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—

Transf., in gen.

Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose):

ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10:

C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit,

Liv. Epit. 55:

quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt,

Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—

Money, a sum of money:

sestertio amplo comparare,

for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin. —

In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—

ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep:

ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium,

Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which:

siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus,

id. ib. 3, 5, 3).

sub-lābor, lapsus, 3, v. dep. n., to fall, glide, or sink under or down, to sink ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

imperfecta necesse est labent et modo prodeant, modo sublabantur aut succidant,

Sen. Ep. 71, § 34:

aedificia vetustate sublapsa,

Plin. Ep. 10, 75, 1; cf. poet. transf.:

annis sublapsa vetustas,

Verg. A. 12, 686.—

In partic., to slip down, glide away:

lues udo sublapsa veneno Pertentat sensus,

Verg. A. 7, 354.—

Trop.:

retro sublapsa Spes,

Verg. A. 2, 169:

memoria senum,

Sen. Oedip. 817.

taeter (less correctly tēter), tra, trum, adj. [perh. from taedet].

Physically, offensive, foul, noisome, shocking, hideous, loathsome (class.; syn.: foedus, putidus).

Absol.:

taetra et immanis belua,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45:

odor ex multitudine cadaverum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

cadavera,

Lucr. 2, 415:

aut foedā specie taetri turpesque videntur,

id. 2, 421:

sapor,

id. 6, 22:

absinthia,

id. 1, 936:

ulcera,

id. 5, 995; 5, 1126; 4, 172;

6, 976: cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

spiritus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 19; Luc. 1, 618:

loca taetra, inculta, foeda atque formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13; cf.:

taetris tenebris et caligine,

Cic. Agr 2, 17, 44:

alter, o dii boni, quam taeter mcedebat, quam truculentus, quam terribilis aspectu!

id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

vultus naturā horridus ac taeter,

Suet. Calig. 50; Juv. 10, 191:

hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem toties jam effugimus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11.— Comp.:

aliis aliud retro quoque taetrius esset Naribus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 510.— Sup.: taeterrima hiems, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1.—

With abl.:

foedā specie taetri,

Lucr. 2, 421; cf.:

mulier taeterrima vultu,

Juv. 6, 418.—As subst.: taetrum, i, n., offensiveness:

quae profluentia necessario taetri essent aliquid habitura,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—

Mentally or morally.

In gen.

Of persons, horrid, hideous, repulsive, shameful, disgraceful, abominable, etc. (syn.:

immanis, turpis): taeter et ferus homo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2.— Sup.:

quid ais tu, hominum omnium taeterrume?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 65:

quamquam es omni diritate atque immanitate taeterrimus,

Cic. Vatin. 3, 9:

quis taetrior hostis huic civitati,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui in eum fuerat taeterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—

Of things: postquam discordia taetra Belli ferratos postes portasque refregit, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 622 (Ann. v. 270 Vahl.):

libido,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 33:

facinus,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 95:

prodigia,

Liv. 22, 9.— Comp.:

quibus (sc. cupiditatibus) nihil taetrius nec foedius excogitari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36:

nullum vitium taetrius est, quam avaritia,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77. — Sup.:

taeterrimum bellum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 2.—

Esp., neutr. as adv., horridly, horribly, etc.:

taetrum flagrat... Horror conscius,

Prud. Cath. 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: taetrē, foully, shockingly, hideously, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 P.; Cic. Div. 1, 9.— Sup., Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2.

taeter (less correctly tēter), tra, trum, adj. [perh. from taedet].

Physically, offensive, foul, noisome, shocking, hideous, loathsome (class.; syn.: foedus, putidus).

Absol.:

taetra et immanis belua,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45:

odor ex multitudine cadaverum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

cadavera,

Lucr. 2, 415:

aut foedā specie taetri turpesque videntur,

id. 2, 421:

sapor,

id. 6, 22:

absinthia,

id. 1, 936:

ulcera,

id. 5, 995; 5, 1126; 4, 172;

6, 976: cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

spiritus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 19; Luc. 1, 618:

loca taetra, inculta, foeda atque formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13; cf.:

taetris tenebris et caligine,

Cic. Agr 2, 17, 44:

alter, o dii boni, quam taeter mcedebat, quam truculentus, quam terribilis aspectu!

id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

vultus naturā horridus ac taeter,

Suet. Calig. 50; Juv. 10, 191:

hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem toties jam effugimus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11.— Comp.:

aliis aliud retro quoque taetrius esset Naribus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 510.— Sup.: taeterrima hiems, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1.—

With abl.:

foedā specie taetri,

Lucr. 2, 421; cf.:

mulier taeterrima vultu,

Juv. 6, 418.—As subst.: taetrum, i, n., offensiveness:

quae profluentia necessario taetri essent aliquid habitura,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—

Mentally or morally.

In gen.

Of persons, horrid, hideous, repulsive, shameful, disgraceful, abominable, etc. (syn.:

immanis, turpis): taeter et ferus homo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2.— Sup.:

quid ais tu, hominum omnium taeterrume?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 65:

quamquam es omni diritate atque immanitate taeterrimus,

Cic. Vatin. 3, 9:

quis taetrior hostis huic civitati,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui in eum fuerat taeterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—

Of things: postquam discordia taetra Belli ferratos postes portasque refregit, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 622 (Ann. v. 270 Vahl.):

libido,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 33:

facinus,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 95:

prodigia,

Liv. 22, 9.— Comp.:

quibus (sc. cupiditatibus) nihil taetrius nec foedius excogitari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36:

nullum vitium taetrius est, quam avaritia,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77. — Sup.:

taeterrimum bellum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 2.—

Esp., neutr. as adv., horridly, horribly, etc.:

taetrum flagrat... Horror conscius,

Prud. Cath. 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: taetrē, foully, shockingly, hideously, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 P.; Cic. Div. 1, 9.— Sup., Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2.

taeter (less correctly tēter), tra, trum, adj. [perh. from taedet].

Physically, offensive, foul, noisome, shocking, hideous, loathsome (class.; syn.: foedus, putidus).

Absol.:

taetra et immanis belua,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45:

odor ex multitudine cadaverum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

cadavera,

Lucr. 2, 415:

aut foedā specie taetri turpesque videntur,

id. 2, 421:

sapor,

id. 6, 22:

absinthia,

id. 1, 936:

ulcera,

id. 5, 995; 5, 1126; 4, 172;

6, 976: cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

spiritus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 19; Luc. 1, 618:

loca taetra, inculta, foeda atque formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13; cf.:

taetris tenebris et caligine,

Cic. Agr 2, 17, 44:

alter, o dii boni, quam taeter mcedebat, quam truculentus, quam terribilis aspectu!

id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

vultus naturā horridus ac taeter,

Suet. Calig. 50; Juv. 10, 191:

hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem toties jam effugimus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11.— Comp.:

aliis aliud retro quoque taetrius esset Naribus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 510.— Sup.: taeterrima hiems, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1.—

With abl.:

foedā specie taetri,

Lucr. 2, 421; cf.:

mulier taeterrima vultu,

Juv. 6, 418.—As subst.: taetrum, i, n., offensiveness:

quae profluentia necessario taetri essent aliquid habitura,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—

Mentally or morally.

In gen.

Of persons, horrid, hideous, repulsive, shameful, disgraceful, abominable, etc. (syn.:

immanis, turpis): taeter et ferus homo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2.— Sup.:

quid ais tu, hominum omnium taeterrume?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 65:

quamquam es omni diritate atque immanitate taeterrimus,

Cic. Vatin. 3, 9:

quis taetrior hostis huic civitati,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui in eum fuerat taeterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—

Of things: postquam discordia taetra Belli ferratos postes portasque refregit, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 622 (Ann. v. 270 Vahl.):

libido,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 33:

facinus,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 95:

prodigia,

Liv. 22, 9.— Comp.:

quibus (sc. cupiditatibus) nihil taetrius nec foedius excogitari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36:

nullum vitium taetrius est, quam avaritia,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77. — Sup.:

taeterrimum bellum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 2.—

Esp., neutr. as adv., horridly, horribly, etc.:

taetrum flagrat... Horror conscius,

Prud. Cath. 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: taetrē, foully, shockingly, hideously, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 P.; Cic. Div. 1, 9.— Sup., Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2.