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61 право
title (на to)права rights, ( пълномощия) powersграждански права civil rightsвсеобщо избирателно право universal suffrageлишавам от избирателни и граждански права disenfranchiseправо на давност юр. prescription, prescriptive rightправо на прелетяване над/преминаване през чужда територия fly-over rights, way-leaveправото на силния/на силата the right of the strongправо на собственост property rights. ownershipправо на убежище right of sanctuary/asylumвлизам в правата си come into o.'s owntake over, ( на домакин) play the hostвъзстановявам правата на restore s.o. to his rightsдавам право на някого entitle s.o. to (c inf.), (заявявам, че някой е прав) declare s.o. to be right, admit s.o. to be in the rightзапазвам си правото reserve the rightзапазвам си право то за по-късно (при черпене) may I have some later, ( при гостуване) may I come another timehave a title/claim (на, над to)кой им дава правото да what right have they to (c inf.)предявя-вам правата си establish o.'s rightsс право with good reason, with truth, rightly, fairly reasonablyтой не е съгласен, и с право he doesn't agree to it, quite rightly so2. (наука) law, jurisprudenceгражданско право civil/common lawмеждународно право international lawнаказателно право criminal lawнационално право municipal lawоблигационно право contractual law3. (справедливост, правда) justice4. нар. (в права посока) straight, direct; right, bangправо навън right/straight outправо напред/нагоре/надолу н пр. straight ahead/up/down etc.право пред себе си before o.'s noseблъснах се право в I bumped smack into5. (направо към целта без заобикалки) идвам право на въпроса come straight to the pointказвам право в очите/лицето say s.th. light to s.o.'s face. say s.th. frankly/openly/bluntly/roundly6. (справедливо) право или криво rightly or wronglyкоето си е- право in all fairness* * *пра̀во,ср., -а̀ 1. right (на to, of c ger., над over); title (на to); авторско \правоо юр. copyright; без \правоо на преотстъпване untransferable; в \правоото си съм be within o.’s rights (да to, in c ger.); влизам в \правоата си come into o.’s own; take over, (на домакин) play the host; всеобщо избирателно \правоо юр. universal suffrage; възстановявам \правоата на restore s.o. to his rights; граждански \правоа civil rights; давам \правоо на някого entitle s.o. to (c inf.); избирателно \правоо right to vote, elective franchise; suffrage; изтичане на \правоото ( над търговска марка) exhaustion of rights; имам \правоо да have a right to (do s.th.), be entitled to (do s.th.), be justified in (doing s.th.); have a title/claim (на, над to); имам пълно \правоо be fully entitled to, have every right (да to c inf.); кой им дава \правоото да what right have they to (c inf.); лишавам от избирателни и граждански \правоа disenfranchise; по \правоо by rights; \правоа̀ rights, ( пълномощия) powers; entitlements; \правоата на човека human rights; \правоо на гласуване, имам \правоо на гласуване be eligible to vote; \правоо на давност юр. prescription, prescriptive right; \правоо на десния авт. preference to the right; \правоо на преживелия юр. (right of) survivorship; \правоо на прелетяване над/преминаване през чужда територия fly-over rights, way-leave; предявявам \правоата си establish o.’s rights; придобиване на \правоо accession; с какво \правоо by what right; what right have you/they etc. to (c inf.); on what grounds do you/they etc.; с \правоо with good reason, with truth, rightly, fairly reasonably;2. ( наука) law, jurisprudence; въздушно \правоо air law; гражданско \правоо civil/common law; доктор по \правоо a doctor of law; държавно \правоо public law; международно \правоо international law; морско \правоо maritime law; наказателно \правоо criminal law; обичайно \правоо unwritten law, common law; облигационно \правоо contractual law; следвам \правоо study law, study/read for the bar; юмручно \правоо club-law;3. ( справедливост, правда) justice.——————нареч.1. (в права посока) straight, direct; right, bang; блъснах се \право в I bumped smack into; гледам \право в очите look (s.o.) full in the face; \право навън right/straight out;2. ( направо в целта) fair and square; sl. caplump, caplunk; ( направо към целта; без заобикалки): идвам \право на въпроса come straight to the point; казвам \право в очите/лицето say s.th. frankly/openly/bluntly/full in the face; попадам \право в целта hit the mark/the bull’s eye.* * *law: civil право - гражданско право, public право - държавно право, international право - международно право, criminal право - наказателно право, common право - обичайно право, contractual право - облигационно право; prerogative; right{rait}: This is my legal право. - Това е мое законно право., I reserve for later the право to ask you a question. - Запазвам си правото да ти задам въпрос за по-късно.; franchise; jurisprudence; suffrage (избирателно): universal право - всеобщо избирателно право; vote (на гласуване); (нар.): right: He hit me право in the left eye. - Той ме удари право в лявото око.; directly: Go право home! - Отивай право в къщи!; upright; straight: Look право ahead. - Гледай право напред.* * *1. (направо към целта 2. (наука) law, jurisprudence 3. (справедливо): ПРАВО или криво rightly or wrongly 4. (справедливост, правда) justice 5. 1 същ. right (на to, of c ger., над over) 6. 4 нар. (в права посока) straight, direct;right, bang 7. c ПРАВО with good reason, with truth, rightly, fairly reasonably 8. have a title/claim (на, над to) 9. take over, (на домакин) play the host 10. title (на to) 11. ПРАВО куме, та в очи flat and plain; (speak) straight from the shoulder 12. ПРАВО на гласуване, избирателно ПРАВО right to vote, elective franchise;suffrage 13. ПРАВО на давност юр. prescription, prescriptive right 14. ПРАВО на прелетяване над/преминаване през чужда територия fly-over rights, way-leave 15. ПРАВО на собственост property rights. ownership 16. ПРАВО на убежище right of sanctuary/ asylum 17. ПРАВО навън right/straight out 18. ПРАВО напред/нагоре/надолу н пр. straight ahead/ up/down etc. 19. ПРАВО пред себе си before o.'s nose 20. ПРАВОто на силния/на силата the right of the strong 21. авторско ПРАВОСopyright 22. без заобикалки) идвам ПРАВО на въпроса come straight to the point 23. блъснах се ПРАВО в I bumped smack into 24. в ПРАВОто си съм be within o.'s rights (да to, in c ger.) 25. влизам в правата си come into o.'s own 26. всеобщо избирателно ПРАВО universal suffrage 27. въздушно ПРАВО air law 28. възстановявам правата на restore s.o. to his rights 29. гледам ПРАВО в очите look (s.o.) full in the face 30. гледам ПРАВО пред себе си look straight ahead;look straight before one/in front of one 31. граждански права civil rights 32. гражданско ПРАВО civil/ common law 33. давам ПРАВО на някого entitle s.o. to (c inf.), (заявявам, че някой е прав) declare s.o. to be right, admit s.o. to be in the right 34. доктор пo ПРАВО то a doctor of law 35. държавно ПРАВО public law 36. законно ПРАВО a legal right 37. запазвам си ПРАВО то за по-късно (при черпене) may I have some later, (при гостуване) may I come another time 38. запазвам си ПРАВОто reserve the right 39. имам ПРАВО да have a right to (do s.th.), be entitled to (do s.th.), be justified in (doing s.th.) 40. имам ПРАВО да се ползувам от (дом, игрище и пр.) have the run of 41. имам ПРАВО на гласуване be eligible to vote 42. имам пълно ПРАВО be fully entitled to, have every right (да to c inf.) 43. казвам ПРАВО в очите/лицето say s.th. light to s.o.'s face. say s.th. frankly/openly/ bluntly/roundly 44. което си е -ПРАВО in all fairness 45. кой им дава ПРАВОто да what right have they to (c inf.) 46. лишавам от избирателни и граждански права disenfranchise 47. международно ПРАВО international law 48. морско ПРАВО maritime law 49. наказателно ПРАВО criminal law 50. национално ПРАВО municipal law 51. нямам ПРАВО да have no right to (c inf.) 52. обичайно ПРАВО unwritten law, common law 53. облигационно ПРАВО contractual law 54. отивам ПРАВО към целта go straight to the goal 55. отивам ПРАВО у дома go straight home 56. пo ПРАВО by rights 57. попадам ПРАВО в целта hit the mark/the bull's eye 58. права rights, (пълномощия) powers 59. предявя-вам правата си establish o.'s rights 60. с какво ПРАВО what right have you/ they etc. to (c inf.);on what grounds do you/they etc. 61. с пълно ПРАВО with justice, right-fully, with a great deal of justification 62. следвам ПРАВО study law, study/read for the bar 63. той не е съгласен, и с ПРАВО he doesn't agree to it, quite rightly so 64. юмручно ПРАВО club-law -
62 ragione
f reason( diritto) rightragione sociale company nameper ragioni di salute for health reasonsaver ragione be rightdare ragione a qualcuno admit that someone is righta ragione, con ragione rightlysenza ragione for no reason* * *ragione s.f.1 reason: l'età della ragione, the age of discretion: avere l'età della ragione, to reach the age of discretion; avere, riacquistare l'uso della ragione, to have, to regain the use of one's reason; agire contro ragione, to act irrationally; ricondurre qlcu. alla ragione, to make s.o. see sense; ascoltare la voce della ragione, to listen to the voice of reason; perdere il lume, l'uso della ragione, to go out of one's mind (o to lose one's wits) // (fil.) ragione pura, pratica, pure, practical reason2 ( causa, motivo) reason, motive: che ragione può avere avuto per fare ciò?, what motive can he have had for doing that?; dimmi la ragione per la quale l'hai fatto, tell me your reason for doing it; ho qualche ragione di temerlo, I have (good) reason to fear him; non c'è ragione di pensarlo, there is no reason to think so (o there are no grounds for thinking so); non è una ( buona) ragione, that is no reason (o excuse); non so la ragione di tutto ciò, I do not know the reason for all that; chiedere la ragione di un'azione, to ask the reason for an action; non lo voglio vedere per nessuna ragione, I don't want to see him for any reason (o on no account do I want to see him) // ragione di essere, reason for existence (o raison d'être o justification): il suo sospetto non aveva più ragione d'essere, her suspicion was no longer justified (o she no longer had any reason to be suspicious) // ragione di più, all the more reason: è una ragione di più per licenziarlo, that's another reason for dismissing him // ragione per cui, that's why: ragione per cui sarebbe meglio parlargli, that's why it would be better to speak to him // ragioni di famiglia, family reasons // assente per ragioni di salute, absent on the ground of ill health (o for reasons of ill health) // la foto non può essere pubblicata per ragioni di spazio, the photo can't be published because of lack of space // dare, rendere ragione di qlco., to give reasons for sthg. // non so rendermi ragione di ciò che ho fatto, I cannot explain why I did it; non so rendermi ragione di tutto ciò, I cannot understand the reason for all that // farsi una ragione di qlco., ( rassegnarsi) to resign oneself (o to accept the inevitable) // (fil.) ragione ultima delle cose, the first cause of things3 ( argomentazione, prova) reason, justification: addurre le proprie ragioni, to put forward one's reasons; intendere, sentir ragione, to listen to reason: ho cercato di convincerlo ma non vuole sentir ragione, I've tried to convince him but he won't listen to reason // a ragion veduta, after due consideration; ( deliberatamente) deliberately // rendere di pubblica ragione, to make public knowledge4 ( diritto, legittimità) right; reason: ragione e torto, right and wrong; a ragione o a torto, rightly or wrongly; a ragione si preoccupa di ciò, he has good reason to worry about it; ciò mi darà ragione, this will prove (o show) I am right; è dalla parte della ragione, he is in the right; non voleva darmi ragione, he did not want to admit I was right; avere ragione, to be right: ho ragione da vendere, I am absolutely right; ha ragione di sgridarlo, he is right to tell him off (o he has every reason to tell him off); ha mille ragioni per non venire alla festa, he has all the reasons in the world for not coming to the party; far valere le proprie ragioni, to assert one's rights // a ragione, with good reason // a maggior ragione, even more so // aver ragione di qlcu., qlco., to get the better of s.o., sthg. // darle di santa ragione a qlcu., to give s.o. a good beating (o hiding o fam. to tan s.o.'s hide); prenderle di santa ragione, to get a good beating // farsi ragione da sé, to take the law into one's hands // rendere ragione a qlcu., to do justice to s.o. // ricorrere a chi di ragione, to apply to the proper (o right) person // la ragione di Stato, reason of State5 ( tasso) rate; ( rapporto, proporzione) ratio, proportion: ragione diretta, inversa, direct, inverse ratio; ragione geometrica, geometric ratio; in ragione del 10%, at the rate of 10%; in ragione di tanto ognuno, at the rate of so much a head; distribuire gli utili in ragione del capitale versato, to distribute profits in proportion to the capital paid in6 (dir. comm.): ragione sociale, style, corporate name, company title, trade name; la ragione sociale di una ditta, the style (o name) of a firm // ragione di scambio, terms of trade.* * *[ra'dʒone]1. sf1) (facoltà) reasonperdere il lume della ragione — to lose one's reason, take leave of one's senses
non è una buona ragione! — that's no excuse o reason!
... ragion per cui sarebbe meglio partire —...that's why it would be better to leave
a o con ragione — with good reason, rightly, justly
a ragion veduta — after due consideration, (intenzionalmente) deliberately
3) Mat proportion, ratio4)aver ragione (a fare) — to be right (in doing o to do)sì, hai perfettamente ragione — yes, you're quite right
aver ragione di qn/qc — to get the better of sb/sth
avere ragione da vendere — to be absolutely right, be dead right fam
dare ragione a qn — (sogg : persona) to side with sb, (fatto) to prove sb right
farsi una ragione di qc — to accept sth, come to terms with sth
2.* * *[ra'dʒone]sostantivo femminile1) (razionalità) reason Uricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione — to appeal to people's common sense
2) (causa, motivo) reasonper la buona, semplice ragione che — for the (very) good, simple reason that
per nessuna ragione al mondo — for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China
farsi una ragione di qcs. — to resign oneself to sth.
3) (diritto, giusta pretesa)dare ragione a qcn. — to agree with sb.
4) (spiegazione) reasonchiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. — to call (sb.) to account for sth
5) mat. (rapporto) ratioin ragione del 5% — at the rate of 5%
in ragione diretta, inversa — in direct, inverse ratio o proportion
•ragion d'essere — reason for existence, raison d'être
ragione sociale — dir. company o corporate name
ragion di stato — pol. reason of state
••a maggior ragione — all the more reason, even more so
a ragion veduta — after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally
a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione — to get a beating o thrashing
* * *ragione/ra'dʒone/sostantivo f.1 (razionalità) reason U; età della ragione age of discretion; ricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione to appeal to people's common sense2 (causa, motivo) reason; non avere nessuna ragione per to have no reason to; senza ragione (apparente) for no (apparent) reason; per una ragione o per l'altra for some reason or other; per la buona, semplice ragione che for the (very) good, simple reason that; per nessuna ragione al mondo for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China; per -i di salute for health reasons; la ragione per cui the reason why; non c'è ragione di preoccuparsi there is no cause for concern; non vedo la ragione di fare I don't see the point of doing; avere tutte le -i per fare to have every reason for doing o to do; avere delle buone -i per pensare che to have good reasons for thinking that; farsi una ragione di qcs. to resign oneself to sth.; ragione di più per fare all the more reason to do3 (diritto, giusta pretesa) avere ragione to be right; avere perfettamente ragione to be absolutely right; dare ragione a qcn. to agree with sb.; essere dalla parte della ragione to be in the right4 (spiegazione) reason; chiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. to call (sb.) to account for sth.5 mat. (rapporto) ratio; in ragione del 5% at the rate of 5%; in ragione diretta, inversa in direct, inverse ratio o proportiona maggior ragione all the more reason, even more so; a ragion veduta after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally; a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione to get a beating o thrashing\ragion d'essere reason for existence, raison d'être; ragione sociale dir. company o corporate name; ragion di stato pol. reason of state. -
63 materia
f matter( materiale) material( disciplina) subjectmateria facoltativa optional subjectmateria obbligatoria compulsory subjectmateria prima raw materialmateria sintetica synthetic (material)* * *materia s.f.1 matter (anche fil.); substance; (materiale) material: materia infiammabile, inflammable material; materia plastica, plastic material; materie tessili, textile materials; materia inerte, inert matter // materie prime, raw materials; (prodotti base) staples (o primary products o basic commodities); (econ.) mercato delle materie prime, commodity market; tra di noi manca la materia prima per qualsiasi accordo, (fig.) we lack the basic elements for any kind of agreement; gli manca la materia prima per fare un lavoro del genere, (scherz.) (l'intelligenza) he hasn't the brains to do a job like this; gli manca la materia prima per condurre quel tipo di vita, (scherz.) (il denaro) he hasn't the wherewithal (o the necessary resources) to lead that kind of life // (chim.): materia colorante, dyestuff; materia organica, inorganica, organic, inorganic matter; materia gassosa, liquida, solida, volatile, gaseous, liquid, solid, volatile matter // (fis.) onde di materia, matter waves // (astr.) materia interstellare, interstellar medium (o matter)2 (med.) matter: materia grigia, bianca, grey, white matter3 (pus) matter, pus: la ferita era piena di materia, the wound was full of pus (o matter)4 (argomento) matter, subject; topic, theme: una materia controversa, a controversial matter; materia di riflessione, food for thought; indice delle materie, table of contents; catalogo per materie, subject catalogue; la materia del suo saggio non è molto interessante, the theme (o subject) of his essay is not very interesting; questa è la materia del mio libro, this is the subject matter of my book; entrare in materia, to broach a subject; tolleranza in materia di religione, toleration in religious matters; è molto versato in materia, he is well up in the subject; non so nulla in materia, I know nothing of the subject; sa tutto in materia di musica, he knows everything about music // (dir.): il tribunale si è dichiarato competente a pronunciarsi in materia, the Court has declared itself competent to pass judgement on the matter; in materia di legge, in point of law; la materia del contendere, the matter at issue; materia di diritto, matter of law; materia di fatto, matter of fact // (relig.) materia di fede, tenet5 (disciplina scolastica) subject: materie letterarie, scientifiche, literary, scientific subjects; materie obbligatorie, compulsory subjects; quali sono le tue materie preferite?, which are your favourite subjects?; quale materia preferisci a scuola?, which subject do you like best at school?; essere bocciato, promosso in tutte le materie, to fail, pass in all subjects // materia medica, (antiq.) materia medica6 (occasione, motivo) matter; reason, grounds (pl.): non ho materia per pensare che egli sia un ladro, I have no reason to believe that he is a thief; non mi ha dato mai materia di preoccupazione, he never gave me cause for worry; (dir.) vi è materia per un processo, there are grounds for litigation.* * *[ma'tɛrja]1. sf(gen) Filosofia, Fis matter, (Scol : argomento) subject matter, material, (disciplina) subject, (sostanza) Tecn, Comm material, substanceprima di entrare in materia... — before discussing the matter in hand...
un esperto in materia (di musica ecc) — an expert on the subject (of music ecc)
2.* * *[ma'tɛrja]sostantivo femminile1) (sostanza) material, matter- e plastiche — plastics
2) (argomento) subject, topic3) scol. (disciplina) subjectmateria obbligatoria, complementare — core, optional subject
* * *materia/ma'tεrja/sostantivo f.1 (sostanza) material, matter; la materia e la forma matter and form; materia grigia grey matter; materia prima raw material; - e plastiche plastics2 (argomento) subject, topic; indice per -e subject index; esperto in materia expert on the subject; è un'autorità in materia di he's an authority on; sa tutto in materia di musica he knows everything about music; c'è materia per intentare un processo there are grounds for legal action -
64 volverse loco
v.to go insane, to go crazy, to become totally insane, to go mad.* * *to go mad* * ** * *(v.) = go + bananas, take + leave of + Posesivo + senses, go + mad, run + amok, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, go + berserk, go + postal, go + wild, go + crazy, go + nuts, go + potty, get + a buzz from, go out of + Posesivo + mind, throw + a wobbly, go off + the rails, throw + a wobbler, go + haywire, go off + Posesivo + rockerEx. 'I can't take it! the man's gone bananas'.Ex. Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.Ex. The article is entitled 'The confrontation of childhood with a world gone mad: an examination of children's biography and autobiography in the context of World War 2'.Ex. Term paper fraud runs amok on the Web as dozens of fee and free sites have thousands of term papers available for lazy and unprincipled students.Ex. The article is entitled 'Have We Lost Our Marbles?'.Ex. The article is entitled ' Going Bonkers!': Children, Play and Pee-Wee'.Ex. It depicts fascism as a crusade for preserving literature's purity, a crusade that went berserk.Ex. You have also probably read about cases where an employee ' went postal' and entered a company building, shooting his boss and other employees.Ex. Our imagination went wild, because we didn't want death to be the end, we wanted to keep on living on familiar grounds, and most of all, we didn't want to be alone.Ex. Sawer went crazy after the woman he was having an affair with was caught and her husband killed her.Ex. When she discovered vintage comics and their lurid covers, she went nuts.Ex. That adults have gone potty over Potter is probably motivated less by Rowling's prose than by the fact that, finally, here is a book we can easily read.Ex. How anyone can get a buzz from laying into someone is beyond me; it's not nice to see it happen - too many times have I seen people beaten up over nothing.Ex. For this reason, he did not die, but rather went out of his mind.Ex. The good thing about having it in writing is that you`re then well within your rights to throw a wobbly and demand you get what you paid for.Ex. He never had issues with alcohol as a teen with going off the rails etc as he was used to have a sip of wine now and then with dinner or at Crimbo.Ex. Of course there are things they don't like, and sometimes one of them throws a wobbler -- which sets the other one off!.Ex. The formatting on my main page has gone haywire for apparently no reason.Ex. I mean everyone's entitled to their own opinion, but they went off their rocker embracing our enemies.* * *(v.) = go + bananas, take + leave of + Posesivo + senses, go + mad, run + amok, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, go + berserk, go + postal, go + wild, go + crazy, go + nuts, go + potty, get + a buzz from, go out of + Posesivo + mind, throw + a wobbly, go off + the rails, throw + a wobbler, go + haywire, go off + Posesivo + rockerEx: 'I can't take it! the man's gone bananas'.
Ex: Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.Ex: The article is entitled 'The confrontation of childhood with a world gone mad: an examination of children's biography and autobiography in the context of World War 2'.Ex: Term paper fraud runs amok on the Web as dozens of fee and free sites have thousands of term papers available for lazy and unprincipled students.Ex: The article is entitled 'Have We Lost Our Marbles?'.Ex: The article is entitled ' Going Bonkers!': Children, Play and Pee-Wee'.Ex: It depicts fascism as a crusade for preserving literature's purity, a crusade that went berserk.Ex: You have also probably read about cases where an employee ' went postal' and entered a company building, shooting his boss and other employees.Ex: Our imagination went wild, because we didn't want death to be the end, we wanted to keep on living on familiar grounds, and most of all, we didn't want to be alone.Ex: Sawer went crazy after the woman he was having an affair with was caught and her husband killed her.Ex: When she discovered vintage comics and their lurid covers, she went nuts.Ex: That adults have gone potty over Potter is probably motivated less by Rowling's prose than by the fact that, finally, here is a book we can easily read.Ex: How anyone can get a buzz from laying into someone is beyond me; it's not nice to see it happen - too many times have I seen people beaten up over nothing.Ex: For this reason, he did not die, but rather went out of his mind.Ex: The good thing about having it in writing is that you`re then well within your rights to throw a wobbly and demand you get what you paid for.Ex: He never had issues with alcohol as a teen with going off the rails etc as he was used to have a sip of wine now and then with dinner or at Crimbo.Ex: Of course there are things they don't like, and sometimes one of them throws a wobbler -- which sets the other one off!.Ex: The formatting on my main page has gone haywire for apparently no reason.Ex: I mean everyone's entitled to their own opinion, but they went off their rocker embracing our enemies. -
65 eximente
adj.1 absolutory, absolving (law).2 exonerating, absolutory, absolving, exculpatory.f.case for acquittal.f. & m.1 exculpatory circumstance, exemption, exception, exonerating circumstance.2 reason for exemption, excuse, grounds for acquittal.* * *SF grounds for exemption pl* * *reason for exemption, excuse; ( Der) grounds for acquittal (pl)* * *
eximente adjetivo & sustantivo femenino excuse: me parece que el daltonismo no es un eximente en este caso, I don't think that colour-blindness is a valid excuse in this case
* * *♦ adjabsolutory, absolving;una circunstancia eximente de culpabilidad a circumstance which frees one from blame♦ nfcase for acquittal* * *adj JUR:circunstancias eximentes mitigating o extenuating circumstances -
66 по причине
1. on the ground of2. owing toблагодаря, вследствие, по причине — owing to
3. on the score ofпо какой причине?, в какой связи? — on what score?
4. by reason of5. ofстать причиной забастовки, вызвать забастовку — to spark off a strike
6. for -
67 grond
4 [bodem onder water] bottom♦voorbeelden:een stuk grond • a plot of landbraakliggende grond • waste landlaag bij de grond • 〈 figuurlijk〉 commonplace, pedestrian, triteiemand tegen de grond slaan • knock someone flattegen de grond gaan • fall down〈 figuurlijk〉 zij heeft haar bedrijf van de grond af opgebouwd • she built up her firm up from scratch2 〈 schertsend〉 een kunstenaar van de koude grond • a third-rate/would-be artist, an artist of sortsschrale/onvruchtbare grond • barren/poor soilvaste grond onder de voeten hebben • 〈 ook figuurlijk〉 be on firm/solid groundgewijde grond • consecrated groundiemand nog verder de grond in trappen • kick someone when he's downtoen de grond hem te heet onder de voeten werd • when things got too hot for him〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand/iets de grond in prijzen • praise someone/something to the skiesals aan de grond genageld staan • be rooted to the spotdoor de grond (kunnen) gaan/zinken van schaamte • not know where to put oneself for embarrassmentop de grond zitten • sit on the ground/floor〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand de grond in boren • crush someone; 〈 (ernstig) bekritiseren〉 crucify someone, tear/pull someone to pieces/shreds〈 figuurlijk〉 iemand/iets te gronde richten • ruin someone/somethingzichzelf te gronde richten • dig one's own gravegoede grond hebben iets aan te nemen • have good grounds/reason for somethingop medische gronden • for medical reasons, on medical groundsgronden aanvoeren voor • advance arguments fordie bewering mist alle grond • that assertion is without (any) foundation/is groundlessop grond van zijn huidskleur • because of/on account of his colourop grond van artikel 26 • on the basis of/by virtue of section 26op grond waarvan • on the basis of whichop grond van het feit dat … • on the basis of/by reason of the fact that …6 in de grond van de zaak • at bottom, basicallydat komt uit de grond van zijn hart • that comes from the bottom of his heart -
68 podstawa
-wy, -wy; loc sg - wie; fbasis; GEOM basepodstawy pl — the basics pl
* * *f.1. ( fundament) base, basis, foundation; (wieży, pomnika) foundation, base; podstawa czaszki anat. the base of the skull; podstawa erozji geol. base level; postawa chmur meteor. cloud base.2. ( główne założenie) principle, basis, foundation; ( naukowa) framework; (ekonomiczna, cywilizacji) foundations; (materialne, egzystencji, rozwoju) basis; ( działania) reasons; (wykształcenia, wiedzy) basics, rudiments, essentials, elements; (systemu politycznego, filozoficznego) keystone; ( teorii) fundament; podstawa prawna legal basis; podstawy utrzymania source of income; co leży u podstaw twojego rozumowania? what's the basis for your reasoning?; analiza opiera się na mocnej podstawie the analysis is well founded; na jakiej podstawie twierdzisz, że... what makes you claim that..., on what ground do you assert that...; mieć podstawy, by coś zrobić be justified in doing sth; nie bez podstaw not without reason; podstawa bytu bread and butter; podstawa pożywienia staple diet; podstawa programowa core curriculum; mam podstawy do podejrzeń I have good reasons to be suspicious; bez podstaw unreasonably; bez żadnych podstaw groundlessly, without a leg to stand on; być pozbawionym podstaw lack substance, be unfounded; leżeć u podstaw underlie; nie ma żadnych podstaw przypuszczać... there's no reason to suppose...; znajomość podstaw grounding; u podstaw fundamentally (np. wadliwy, błędny); solidna podstawa firm footing; solid basis l. foundation; na podstawie czegoś on the basis l. ground of sth; by virtue of sth; based on sth; mający dobre podstawy well-grounded, well-founded.3. gram. podstawa słowotwórcza base (form).4. mat. radix; (trójkąta, ostrosłupa, walca) base; podstawa potęgi the base number.5. techn. footing, rest, bedplate.6. podstawa dowodzenia log. premise.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > podstawa
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69 λόγος
λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (B), with senses corresponding to λέγω (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (B) 111, cf.infr. VI. 1 a:1 account of money handled,σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191
; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib.232.2;λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142
, cf. 143;οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26
;λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1
;ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg. 774b
;τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47
;ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60
; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph.,οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν S.Aj. 477
.b public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4, Str.17.1.12;ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29
A ([place name] Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15); alsoΚαίσαρος λ. OGI669.30
; κυριακὸς λ. ib.18.2 generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC 1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐποίησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt. 285e
;λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt. 336c
, al.;λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men. 75d
;παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R. 344d
;λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15
, cf. Arist. EN 1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95;λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199
, al.;λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22
, cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2
; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δὲ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo. 74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of,ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46
, cf. Plb.5.89.6, LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 ([place name] Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5. al.; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA 517b27;πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13
, cf. D.Chr.31.123.3 measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1),θάλασσα.. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31
;ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξων Id.115
; ἐς τούτου (sc. γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf.7.9.β; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg. 746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.4 esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. VI. 2 d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν οὐδέν' A.Pr. 233;οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC 1163
: freq. in Hdt.,Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102
;τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135
, cf. E.Fr.94;περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87
; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with.., Hdt.1.120, cf.4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to be highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements,οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Hdt.1.4
, cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.;λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62
, 115;λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti. 87c
;λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107
;λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199
, Arist.EN 1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of.., v. infr. VI. 2 e);ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50
; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70;ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R. 550a
; ὑμεῖς οὔτ' ἐν λ. οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as.., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59;σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142
.II relation, correspondence, proportion,1 generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164;πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th. 519
; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36;κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109
; τἄλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24;κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar. Nu. 619
;κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X. Cyr.8.6.11
;ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA 508a2
, cf. PA 671a18;ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol. 1257a31
; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to.., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Prm. 136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R. 353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra. 393c, R. 610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti. 29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς.. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to.. as.., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.2 Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ' ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας, Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2;ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN 113a31
;λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5
Def.3;τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph. 985b32
, cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.;ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An. 424a31
; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl. Ti. 37a; soκατὰ λ. Men.319.6
; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171);ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428
([place name] Messene).3 Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.;εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox. 4.328
.1 plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch. 515;ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph. 731
;ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC 762
;χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph. 352
;σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT 657
(lyr., v.l. λόγων); ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59
;ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124
; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R. 366b; οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt. 343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg. 512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσχόμην ὑμῶν reason would that.., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap. 31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.b plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh. 1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu. 1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.;ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb. 38a
;ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LXXEx.18.19
; ἐχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against.., Act.Ap.19.38.2 statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El. 466, Pl.Phd. 62d, etc.;ἔχει λ. D.44.32
;οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba. 202
;δίκασον.. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg. 696b
; personified, φησὶ οὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph. 238b, Phlb. 50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc. λέγει) Arist.EN 1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29;ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41
, cf.1.19 S.; ;λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88
; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μου ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2 Ep.Pet.1.19: pl.,ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108
;οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73
; of arguments leading to a conclusion ([etym.] ὁ λ.), Pl. Cri. 46b;τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap. 26d
; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς, Arist.EN 1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr. 24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.b ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς λ., name of an argument, ib.23;ὁ αὐξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b
; καταβάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60;λ. σοφιστικοί Arist.SE 165a34
, al.;οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh. 1417a19
, etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph. 217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise (= Dialex.); Λ. καὶ Λογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.c in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16
.d rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31;πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri. 46b
, cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg. 696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN 1139a32; of the final cause,ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA 639b15
; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib.18; [τέχνη] ἕξις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN 1140a10
; ὀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently,ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg. 689d
, cf. Ti. 89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN 1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.3 law, rule of conduct,ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72
;πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53
; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol. 1286a17;ὁ νόμος.. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN 1180a21
; ὁ νόμος.. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu. 2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102;ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4
.4 thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl. Prt. 344b; ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd. 100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael. 296a20.5 reason, ground,πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1
;οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45
; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp. 2;μέγιστον σημεῖον οὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8
; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for.., Pl.Grg. 465a; μετὰ λόγουτε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph. 265c
; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht. 201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist. Metaph. 1011a12;οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph. 26
.6 formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason,λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R. 497c
; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr. 245e;ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R. 343a
; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd. 78d;τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht. 148d
;ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist. PA 646b3
;τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph. 1006b5
, cf. 1035b4;πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top. 102a5
; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id.de An. 414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol. 1276b24;πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.477
; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of.., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II) of combination, Arist.PA 642a22, cf. Metaph. 993a17.7 reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law,κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R. 500c
; κατ τὸν < αὐτὸν αὖ> λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18;ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13
; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order,τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24
; τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42;ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264
; λόγος, = φύσει νόμος, Stoic.2.169;κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53
;ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4
: so in Plot.,τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὑτοῦ 3.8.2
.b σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms,ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28
: usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314,al.;γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7
, cf.4.4.39: so withoutσπερματικός, ὥσπερ τινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111
;οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9
.c in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,ὄντων μειζόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4
;οἱ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι.. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10
, cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4;ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.
in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib.142 K., al.IV inward debate of the soul (cf.λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht. 189e
( διάλογος in Sph. 263e); ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔξω λ.), Arist.APo. 76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),1 thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit. 2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ.. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. VI.3),ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209
, cf. 34, S.OT 583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι.. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7;ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ' οὔ Pl.R. 529d
, cf. Prm. 135e;ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN 1149a35
,al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl. ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought,τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R. 525e
; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist. EN 1102a30, cf. GC 320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20;τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.
; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib.p.10 U.;λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20
, etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45,6.124, cf. Pl.Cri. 48c (but, our argument shows, Lg. 663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R. 607b; later ὁ αἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ' ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ φρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti. 71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph. 265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti. 28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ' ἀληθοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.;λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb. 62a
; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd. 73a;πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph. 1059b26
;τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN 1102b15
, 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former,εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd. 99e
; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a;τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA 760b31
; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph. 189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete. 378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol. 1326a29;ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph. 262a19
;μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol. 1334a6
; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph. 189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN 1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph. 1063b10;λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105
K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti. 30b;οὔκουν τόν γ' εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id.Lg. 647d
; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al. 1429a29, cf. EN 1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba. 940).2 reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.] 256; [θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti. 70a
; [θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R. 440d
; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib. b;πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist. EN 1102b26
; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib.17;ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8)
;οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. οὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11
: freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις, Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.;τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23
;ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict. 1.3.3
;οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3
; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν (sc. εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257;τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ' Ἡράκλειτον δι' ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129
(cf. infr. x).b creative reason,ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14
;ἀρχὴ οὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ' αὐτόν Id.3.2.15
;οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18
.2 legend,ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62
, cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.);συνθέντες λ. E.Ba. 297
;λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd. 85d
; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. S.V. Ὀρφεύς.3 tale, story,ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph. 7.1
, cf. Th.1.97, etc.;συνθέτους λ. A.Pr. 686
; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba. 663; ἄλλος λ. 'another story', Pl.Ap. 34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories,ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184
, cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19,7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38,6.39, cf. VI.3d; so in pl.,ἐν τοῖσι Λιβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161
, cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93, 213;ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36
; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti. 26e; , cf. Grg. 523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ ( argument)διεξελθεῖν Prt. 320c
, cf. 324d);περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol. 1336a30
;ὁ λ... μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34
.4 speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc.,χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1358a38;δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN 1181a4
;τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh. 1358b7
;τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr. Char.17.8
, cf.λογογράφος 11
; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx. 236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh. 1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg. 723b; spoken, opp. written word,τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr. 276a
; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy ([etym.] ῥήσεις), Arist.Po. 1450b6,9.VI verbal expression or utterance (cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable ([etym.] ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in [dialect] Ep.).a pl., without Art., talk,τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393
;αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56
, h.Merc. 317, Hes.Th. 890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Λ., personified, Hes.Th. 229;ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91
;ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P. 4.101
; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj. 1268 (s.v.l.), El. 415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT 681 (lyr.): also in sg., λέγ' εἴ σοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El. 891.b sg., expression, phrase,πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant. 1245
, cf. E.Hipp. 514;μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37
; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph. 1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr. 241e, Phd. 65d; concisely, Arist. EN 1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἑνὶ λ. Id.GC 325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp. 478; rarely of single words,λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ χρονοτριβεῖν Arist.Rh. 1406a36
; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.c coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense,λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr. 145
;ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ' ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254
; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.;νηπίοισι οὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ διδάσκαλος Id.76
;ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr. 338
, cf. S.El.59, OC 782;λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι.. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8
;οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49
;οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14
; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100;οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5
;ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg. 935a
; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19;ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ' εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23
, cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top. 146a4; opp. βία, Id.EN 1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd. 100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2 Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R. 361b, 376d, Ti. 27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words,ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri. 46d
; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὡς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol. 1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN 1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht. 191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. 'word and deed'),λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68
;ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R. 382e
, cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th. 1.22.2 common talk, report, tradition,ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr. 8
;λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71
;οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32
;διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32
;λ. ὑπ' Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47
; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant. 1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κείμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg. 886b.b rumour,ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit. 87
; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εῖς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23, cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.c mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th. 2.50;μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11
.d the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ... πταίσματα Thgn.1221
;λ. ἐσλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13
;πλέονα.. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21
;ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5
, cf. 9.78; Τροίαν.. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT 517;οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med. 541
: less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S. Aj. 138 (anap.), E.Heracl. 165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj. 148 (anap.).e λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf.,ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1
, cf. S.El. 417; λ. μὲν ἔστ' ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35;ὡς λ. A.Supp. 230
, Pl. Phlb. 65c, etc.;λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129
,9.26, al.;λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC 1573
(lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of.., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin. 987b, 988b;λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23
, v.supr.1.4.3 discussion, debate, deliberation,πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59
;συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97
;οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἑωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138
; ;οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74
; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol. 1264b39;τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131
; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN 1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap. 26b, cf. Tht. 184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt. 329c, Grg. 506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg. 893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq. 1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt. 1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τινι have speech with, ib.86;ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32
;διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr. 916
;ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med. 872
;ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2
;κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN 1170b12
.b right of discussion or speech, ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC 66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53;λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20
; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib.1.7.5;λόγου τυχεῖν D.18.13
, cf. Arist.EN 1095b21, Plb.18.52.1;οἱ λόγου τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol. 1260b5
;δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304
;διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8
: hence, time allowed for a speech,ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26
,al.;ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap. 34a
;οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9
.c dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate,ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl. Cra. 430d
;πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt. 348a
: hence, dialogue as a form of literature,οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po. 1447b11
, Rh. 1417a20; cf. διάλογος.d section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm. 127d
; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb. 18e, 19b;ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA 682a3
; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i. e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC 318a4;ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219
; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy,τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258
.e in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax. 365b, Epin. 975d, D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.1.4
; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).VII a particular utterance, saying:1 divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59;λ. μαντικοί Pl. Phdr. 275b
;οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap. 20e
;ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2
,9.2 proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th. 218; ὧδ' ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias 21, cf. Pl.R. 330a, Ev.Jo.4.37;ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr. 240c
, cf. Smp. 195b, Grg. 499c, Lg. 757a, 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.;τὸ τοῦ λόγου δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45
, cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN 1147a21.4 express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141,al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ' ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26;ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60
, cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.5 word of command, behest, A.Pr.17,40 (both pl.), Pers. 363;ἀνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9
;ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16
; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.VIII thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2),λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055
; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. 111; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib.95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127;μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εῐπῃς Id.8.65
; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT 684 ( = πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt. 314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh. 1415a12, cf. 111.1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that.., Aeschin.3.124;οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5
;οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21
;ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg. 512c
; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh. 1418a35;μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146
; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite,οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb. 42e
, cf. Prt. 344a;ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb. 33c
; alsoπρὸς λόγου Id.Grg. 459c
(s. v.l.).b in Art, subject of a painting,ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA 6.10
;λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25
.IX expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph. 263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol. 1253a14;λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int. 16b26
, cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὅθεν (from the heart)ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228
, cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R. 600c, Suid.;λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181
: in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3,9.11;τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69
v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu. 130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh. 1418b1;τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R. 398d
; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po. 1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1 Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po. 1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE 182b15, Pol. 1336b14.2 of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary, ;ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ᾠδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25
, cf. Pl.Lg. 835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R. 390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po. 1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον)ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh. 1404a31
; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht. 165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib.15;κοινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7
; πεζὸς λ. ib.27, al.b of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν.. λόγου τε καὶ ἁρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R. 398d
; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po. 1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.3 Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE 165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun- phrase, Id.APo. 93b30, cf. Rh. 1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.b sentence, complete statement, "ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει λόγον εἶναί φῃς.. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph. 262c
;λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6
, D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht. 202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh. 1404b26.c language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.;τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6
;μέρος λ. D.T.633.26
, A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος <τοῦ cod.> λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.X the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government,ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LXX Wi.18.15
;ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6
, cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι' οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib.56; λ. θεῖος.. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ,ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1
, cf. 14, 1 Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1 Ep.Jo.1.1
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70 веская причина
1) General subject: convincing reason, strong reason, important reason, solid reason2) Diplomatic term: valid reason, weighty reason3) EBRD: good excuse, good grounds, good reason, lawful excuse, reasonable excuse, sound reason4) Makarov: potent reason -
71 ratio
rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.I.Lit.(α).Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:(β).rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,
id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:dextera digitis rationem computat,
id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:magna ratio C. Verruci,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,
id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,
to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):rationem ducere,
to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:omnium proeliorum,
Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,
id. B. G. 6, 19; and:piratarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:rationem inire,
to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:tibi ego rationem reddam?
id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:rationem referre,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,
id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:recte rationem tenes,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,
according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,
how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;B.rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 5:rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 25, 61:ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,
id. Att. 4, 11, 1:rationes a colono accepit,
id. Caecin. 32, 94:quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,
id. Att. 5, 21, 12:rationes referre... rationes deferre,
id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,
Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:A RATIONIBVS,
an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—Transf.1.A list, roll, register (rare):2.cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),
Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:rationarium imperii,
id. ib. 28.—A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:3.nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):b.res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:res rationesque vestrorum omnium,
id. Am. prol. 4:re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,
id. Quint. 4, 15:cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,
Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):ratio nummaria,
Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:aeraria ratio,
id. Quint. 4, 15:ratio domestica... bellica,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76:quod ad popularem rationem attinet,
id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:rationes familiares componere,
Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:rationes civitatis,
id. ib. 1, 6, 11:quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,
id. Mur. 17, 35:propter rationem Gallici belli,
id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:ad omnem rationem humanitatis,
id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,
id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):II.me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,
id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,
Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,
Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:B.postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,
presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,
i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,
an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,
id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:(argentarii) ratione utuntur,
make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:cum eam mecum rationem puto,
go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:(Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,
Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,
to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,
id. ib. 3, 86:ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,
that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,
id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,
will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,
Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—Transf.1.Relation, reference, respect to a thing:b.(agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,
have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,
Col. 1, 3, 2:cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,
Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,
id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.. quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?
id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?
id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,
id. ib. 12, 7, 17:fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,
in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:c.quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,
Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,absentis,
id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,
id. ib. 3, 75:moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:alicujus salutis rationem habere,
i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:turpissimae fugae rationem habere,
id. ib. 2, 31:ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,
Caes. B. C. 1, 13:habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,
id. B. G. 5, 27:non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,
id. Clu. 42, 117:omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,
id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,
bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—Relation to a thing, i. e.(α).Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):(β).nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,
Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:ratio viaque defensionis,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 30:mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,
id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:dicendi,
id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,
Caes. B. G. 7, 24:quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,
Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,
plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):(γ).sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,
id. ib. 2, 22; so,rei militaris,
id. ib. 4, 23:ratio atque usus belli,
the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:novae rationes bellandi,
id. ib. 3, 50:ratio equestris proelii,
id. B. G. 5, 16:quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,
id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;tigna bina, etc.,
id. B. G. 4, 17:serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,
Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,
id. ib. 2, 11, 22;1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,
Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,
id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,
id. B. G. 7, 14:hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?
id. Lael. 8, 26:quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76:auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,
id. ib. 1, 70:nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,
id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §2.678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,
id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?
id. Mur. 17, 35:nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,
id. ib. 17, 36:praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,
id. ib. 2, 4:tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,
id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;b.altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,
id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,
id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,
id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,
Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,
id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,
Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;consilio et ratione deficitur,
Cic. Clu. 65, 184:Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;nec sat rationis in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 314:rationis egens,
id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:iracundia dissidens a ratione,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 15:quantum ratione provideri poterat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,
Caes. B. C. 7, 21:minari divisoribus ratio non erat,
it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,too, minime rationis est,
Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,
which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,
reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:(β).ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,
Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,
id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,
id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,
id. Caecin. 33, 96:non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,
id. Div. 2, 50, 104:idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,
id. Att. 8, 11, D, §5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,
id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,
id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,
id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:num parva causa aut prava ratio est?
reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:c.ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,
id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:d.in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,
in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:ut ratione et via procedat oratio,
id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),
id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,
Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,
divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,
in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,
order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,
reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:ratio et distributio,
a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:e.erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:nova et a nobis inventa ratio,
id. ib. 1, 8, 13;2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,
id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,
id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,
id. Div. 1, 51, 117:Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,
doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,
id. Off. 3, 4, 20:Cynicorum ratio,
id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,
id. ib. 3, 3, 4:improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,
Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,
Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:f.mea sic est ratio,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:cujus ratio etsi non valuit,
Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,
id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,
id. Rep. 3, 31, 43. -
72 begrunde
1обосно́вывать, мотиви́ровать* * *explain, ground* * *vb( motivere) give one's reason for,F state the reason for, give the grounds for ( fx a decision);( underbygge) substantiate ( fx a claim, a charge, a statement);( være grunden til) be the reason for ( fx what is the reason for this step?);[ han begrundede det med at] the reason he gave for it was that;[ afskedigelsen er begrundet med at] the reason(s) given for the dismissal is (, are) that;[ nære begrundet mistanke om at] have (a) reasonable suspicion that;[ vel begrundet] well-founded. -
73 основание
ср.1) ( действие)foundation, founding2) ( фундамент)foundation; basis прям. и перен.3) матем. архит. хим. base; foundation (здания)4) fundamental5) (причина, довод)ground(s), reason; argumentиметь все основания — to have every reason to believe that...
до основания — (разрушить, уничтожить что-л.) totally/utterly
достаточное основание — a good cause/reason
- тем больше основанийне без основания — not without (good) reason, with good reason
• -
74 иметься
(см. также иметь) be, exist, have, be present, be available• Здесь у нас имеется другой пример... - We have here another example of...• Имеется все больше указаний на то, что... - There is increasing evidence that...• Имеется мало указаний на то, что... - There is little evidence that...• Имеется множество различных вариантов. - Many different variants/modifications/approaches are possible.• Имеется основание считать, что... - There is reason to believe that...• Имеется свидетельство, что... - There is evidence that...• Имеются все основания полагать, что... - We can safely assume that...; We have every reason to believe that...• Имеются все признаки того, что... - There is ample evidence that...• Имеются многочисленные указания на то, что... - There is abundant evidence that...• Имеются некоторые другие условия, которые заслуживают упоминания. - There are some other terms that require mention.• Имеются основания ожидать (полагать)... - It is reasonable to expect (to believe that)...; There are grounds to assume that...• Имеются случаи, когда... - There are cases when...• Имеются случаи, когда молено (показать и т. п.)... - There are cases when it is possible to...• Имеются четыре возможных комбинации... - There are four possible combinations of...• Имеются экспериментальные данные о том, что... - There is experimental evidence that...• К счастью, имеется один простой и пригодный для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.• Краткое описание... имеется в... - A brief account of... is given in...• Между... и... имеется очевидная аналогия. - There is an obvious analogy between... and...• Например, имеются данные, что... - There is evidence, for example, that...• Независимо от того, сколько у нас имеется..., мы (все равно) можем выбрать... - No matter how many... we are given, we can choose...• Обычно имеется возможность выбрать... - It is usually possible to choose...• Однако имеется другой способ продвижения вперед, который дает... - There is another way to proceed, however, which gives...• Однако имеется один интересный случай, когда... - There is, however, one interesting case in which...• Однако имеются (некоторые) недостатки в том, что... - However, there are disadvantages in...• Однако имеются два предельных случая, когда... - There are, however, two limiting cases in which...• Однако имеются некоторые специальные случаи, когда... - There are, however, some special cases in which...• Следовательно, у нас имеются хорошие основания для того, чтобы заявить, что... - Thus, we have good grounds for saying that...• Так как не имеется подходящей (= доступной) техники для... - Since there is no available technique for...• Также имеется свидетельство того, что... - There is also evidence that...• Таким образом, имеется близкая аналогия между... и.... - There is thus a close analogy between... and....• Теперь у нас имеется достаточно информации для того, чтобы... - We now have enough information to...• Теперь у нас имеется полное решение для... - We now have a complete solution for... -
75 Begründung
Begründung f 1. GEN rationale, reason, substantiation; 2. PAT grounds (Einspruchsbegründung)* * *f 1. < Geschäft> rationale, reason, substantiation; 2. < Patent> Einspruchsbegründung grounds* * *Begründung
(Beweisführung) argumentation, (Gründung) foundation, establishment;
• eingehende Begründung detailed reasons;
• Begründung für angeforderte Etatsmittel justification for budgetary means;
• Begründung eines Gesellschaftsverhältnisses establishment of a partnership;
• Begründung der Haftpflicht creation of liabilities;
• Begründung eines Nutzungsrechtes raising a use, creation of licence;
• Begründung eines Schuldverhältnisses creation of an obligation;
• Begründung eines Urteils reasons adduced, opinion of the court;
• Begründung eines Vertreterverhältnisses creation of agency;
• Begründung internationaler Wirtschaftsbeziehungen establishment of international economic relations;
• Begründung seines Wohnsitzes establishment of residence. -
76 Kündigungsgrund
Kündigungsgrund m PERS grounds for dismissal* * *m < Person> grounds for dismissal* * *Kündigungsgrund
ground for dismissal (giving notice), reason for a dismissal;
• ausreichender Kündigungsgrund sufficient notice;
• berechtigter Kündigungsgrund valid reason for dismissal;
• sachlicher Kündigungsgrund objective criterion for dismissal. -
77 ablehnen
(trennb., hat -ge-)I v/t1. (Antrag, Bitte, Einladung etc.) turn down; höflich: decline; (Einladung) auch refuse; (Angebot) auch reject; (Vorschlag, Gesetzesentwurf) reject; sie lehnte es ab, mit ihm zu sprechen she wouldn’t talk to him2. (nicht gutheißen) reject; gefühlsmäßig: dislike; (missbilligen) disapprove of; er wird von seinen Klassenkameraden abgelehnt his schoolmates won’t ( oder don’t want to) have anything to do with him; Lügen lehnt er ab he scorns lying ( oder to lie, lies); ich sollte es ablehnen, das Geld anzunehmen I should spurn to accept the money3. (Bewerber) turn down; (Richter, Zeugen etc.) object to s.o. ( wegen Befangenheit on grounds of interest)* * *to renounce; to repudiate; to turn down; to disclaim; to decline; to reject; to disown; to vote out; to defeat; to opt out; to refuse* * *ạb|leh|nen sep1. vt1) (= zurückweisen, nein sagen) to decline, to refuse; Antrag, Angebot, Vorschlag, Bewerber, Stelle to turn down, to reject; (PARL ) Gesetzentwurf to throw outes ablehnen, etw zu tun — to decline or refuse to do sth
2) (= missbilligen) to disapprove ofjede Form von Gewalt ablehnen — to be against any form of violence
2. vito decline, to refusedrei der erfolgreichen Bewerber haben abgelehnt — three of the successful applicants have declined the job offer
* * *1) (to refuse to accept: She rejected his offer of help; He asked her to marry him, but she rejected him.) reject2) (to refuse (to give or grant someone something); to say `no' to: He was denied admission to the house.) deny4) (not to accept (a chance, opportunity etc): He passed up the offer of a good job.) pass up5) (not to accept: He refused my offer of help; They refused our invitation; She refused the money.) refuse6) (to say `no' to; to refuse: He turned down her offer/request.) turn down* * *ab|leh·nenI. vteinen Antrag \ablehnen (Vorschlag) to reject [or defeat] a proposal; (Gesuch) to reject an application▪ jdn \ablehnen to reject sb2. (sich weigern)▪ es \ablehnen, etw zu tun to refuse to do sth* * *1.transitives Verb1) (zurückweisen) decline; decline, turn down <money, invitation, position>; reject < suggestion, applicant>3) (verweigern)es ablehnen, etwas zu tun — refuse to do something
4) (missbilligen) disapprove of; reject2.intransitives Verb declinesie haben ohne Begründung abgelehnt — (nicht genehmigt) they rejected it/them without giving any reason
* * *ablehnen (trennb, hat -ge-)A. v/t1. (Antrag, Bitte, Einladung etc) turn down; höflich: decline; (Einladung) auch refuse; (Angebot) auch reject; (Vorschlag, Gesetzesentwurf) reject;sie lehnte es ab, mit ihm zu sprechen she wouldn’t talk to himer wird von seinen Klassenkameraden abgelehnt his schoolmates won’t ( oder don’t want to) have anything to do with him;Lügen lehnt er ab he scorns lying ( oder to lie, lies);ich sollte es ablehnen, das Geld anzunehmen I should spurn to accept the moneywegen Befangenheit on grounds of interest)B. v/i refuse, decline;sie lehnte dankend ab she declined with thanks* * *1.transitives Verb1) (zurückweisen) decline; decline, turn down <money, invitation, position>; reject <suggestion, applicant>2) (nicht genehmigen) turn down; reject; reject, throw out < bill>3) (verweigern)es ablehnen, etwas zu tun — refuse to do something
4) (missbilligen) disapprove of; reject2.intransitives Verb declinesie haben ohne Begründung abgelehnt — (nicht genehmigt) they rejected it/them without giving any reason
* * *v.to decline v.to defeat v.to deprecate v.to depreciate v.to disclaim v.to disown v.to refuse v.to reject v.to repudiate v.to spurn v.to turn down v. -
78 Beschwerde
f; -, -n1. (Klage) complaint ( über + Akk about); JUR. appeal; (Beschwerdegrund) grievance; Beschwerde führen oder einlegen oder förm. erheben gegen lodge a complaint against ( bei with)2. nur Pl.; körperliche: aches and pains; problems ( mit with), trouble Sg. (with); (Schmerzen) pain Sg.; haben Sie noch Beschwerden? do you still have any problems ( Schmerzen: pains)?; die Beschwerden des Alters the infirmities ( oder aches and pains umg.) of old age; Beschwerden beim Atmen / bei der Verdauung haben have trouble breathing / have problems digesting ( oder with one’s digestion); meine Beine machen mir immer noch Beschwerden I’m still having problems ( oder trouble) with my legs, my legs are still causing me problems ( oder trouble); ( wieder) ohne Beschwerden sein have recovered; (schmerzfrei) be free from pain3. auch Pl. (Anstrengung) discomfort; (Belastung) burden, inconvenience; stärker: strain; jemandem Beschwerden machen cause s.o. great discomfort ( oder a lot of trouble), be a (great) strain on s.o.; die Beschwerden des Alltags the difficulties of daily life* * *die Beschwerdegrievance; complaint; appeal* * *Be|schwer|de [bə'ʃveːɐdə]f -, -n1) (= Klage) complaint; (JUR) appealeine Beschwérde gegen jdn — a complaint about sb
wenn Sie eine Beschwérde haben — if you have a complaint or grievance
jdm Grund zur Beschwérde geben — to give sb grounds or cause for complaint
2) pl (= Leiden) troubledas macht mir immer noch Beschwérden — it's still causing or giving me trouble
mit etw Beschwérden haben — to have trouble with sth
wenn Sie wieder ganz ohne Beschwérden sind — when the trouble's cleared up completely
3) (= Mühe) hardship* * *die1) (a sickness, disease, disorder etc: He's always suffering from some complaint or other.) complaint2) (a cause or reason for complaint: a list of grievances.) grievance* * *Be·schwer·de<-, -n>[bəˈʃve:ɐ̯də]f1. (Beanstandung, Klage) complaintGrund zur \Beschwerde haben to have grounds for complaint [or reason to complain2. JUR appeal\Beschwerde gegen jdn/etw führen to submit [or make] a complaint about sb/sth[bei jdm] \Beschwerde einlegen to file [or lodge] an appeal [with sb][bei jdm] eine \Beschwerde einreichen to lodge [or file] a complaint [with sb]haben Sie sonst noch \Beschwerden? is there anything else wrong?etw macht jdm \Beschwerden sth hurts sbmein Magen macht mir \Beschwerden my stomach is giving [or causing] me trouble* * *die; Beschwerde, Beschwerden1) complaint (gegen, über + Akk. about)Beschwerde führen (Amtsspr.) od. einlegen — (Rechtsw.) lodge a complaint; (gegen einen Entscheid) lodge an appeal
* * *1. (Klage) complaint (einlegen oder formerheben gegen lodge a complaint against (bei with)haben Sie noch Beschwerden? do you still have any problems ( Schmerzen: pains)?;Beschwerden beim Atmen/bei der Verdauung haben have trouble breathing/have problems digesting ( oder with one’s digestion);meine Beine machen mir immer noch Beschwerden I’m still having problems ( oder trouble) with my legs, my legs are still causing me problems ( oder trouble);(wieder) ohne Beschwerden sein have recovered; (schmerzfrei) be free from painjemandem Beschwerden machen cause sb great discomfort ( oder a lot of trouble), be a (great) strain on sb;die Beschwerden des Alltags the difficulties of daily life* * *die; Beschwerde, Beschwerden1) complaint (gegen, über + Akk. about)Beschwerde führen (Amtsspr.) od. einlegen — (Rechtsw.) lodge a complaint; (gegen einen Entscheid) lodge an appeal
* * *f.administrative appeal n.complaint (illness) n.complaint n.grievance n. -
79 grunn
причина* * *cause, reason, shallow* * *subst. [land, jord] grounds, land, property subst. [ årsak] reason, cause, gounds subst. [ nødvendighet] need adj. shallow (ha saklig grunn) be justified, objective/due grounds (uten saklig grunn) Eks..: consent shall not be unduly withheld (legge til grunn for) base/build (one's view) on, rely on, take into account -
80 по причине
По причине - on the ground of, on grounds of (на основании); by reason of, because of (из-за, вследствие); for reasons (по причинам)Its significance to wear and lubrication is discounted on grounds of scale, but this has yet to be fully verified.The replacement sheaths lasted until the thermocouples were removed from service because of the process modifications.Noise reduction over the piston engine is expected by reason of reduction in the number of moving parts.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > по причине
См. также в других словарях:
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