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1 principle power
ведущая держава, крупная держава -
2 power
n1) сила; мощь; способность2) энергия3) власть, сила4) право, полномочия5) держава•to accord powers to smb — предоставлять полномочия кому-л.
to act outside one's powers — выходить за пределы своих полномочий
to assume power — брать власть в свои руки; приходить к власти
to bolster one's challenge to political power — усиливать свои притязания на политическую власть
to cede power to smb — уступать власть кому-л.
to check a country's power — преграждать путь мощи какой-л. страны
to come to power — приходить к власти; брать власть в свои руки
to concentrate all power in one's hands — сосредоточивать всю полноту власти в своих руках
to confirm smb in power — утверждать чье-л. назначение во главе государства
to delegate powers to smb — передавать / делегировать полномочия кому-л.
to do everything in one's legitimate power — делать все в пределах своей законной власти
to entrench oneself in power — закрепляться у власти
to exclude smb from power — не допускать кого-л. к власти
to exhibit one's full powers — предъявлять свои полномочия
to furnish smb with powers — предоставлять кому-л. полномочия
to gain power — захватывать власть; приходить к власти
to go beyond one's constitutional powers — превышать свои конституционные права
to hand over power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.
to lodge a great deal of power in smb's hands — сосредоточивать большую власть в чьих-л. руках
to lose one's power over smb — утрачивать власть над кем-л.
to preserve one's present power and privilege — сохранять свою власть и привилегии
to put too much power into smb's hands — наделять кого-л. слишком большой властью
to restore smb to power — восстанавливать кого-л. у власти
to share power with smb — разделять власть с кем-л.
to take power into one's hands — брать власть в свои руки
to take over power — приходить к власти; захватывать власть
to take some power away from smb — уменьшать чью-л. власть
to tighten one's grip on power — укреплять свою власть
to transfer power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.
to undermine smb's power — подрывать чью-л. власть
- absolute powerto win power — захватывать / завоевывать власть; приходить к власти
- abuse of power - administering power
- administrative power
- advent of power
- allied powers
- alternation of power
- alternative sources of power
- appointive power
- arrogance of power
- assumption of power
- atomic powers
- authoritarian power
- autocratic power
- Axis Powers - bid for greater powers
- bodies of power
- broad powers
- buying power
- capitalist power
- centralized power
- centrally organized political power
- change of power
- colonial power
- competitive power
- conquest of political power
- constituent power
- constitutional powers
- contender for power - dangerous power
- de facto power - decline in purchasing power - departure from power
- depleted power
- derogation of the powers
- detaining power
- deterrent power
- developing nuclear power
- devolution of power to the regions
- dictatorial powers
- discretionary power
- display of power
- division of power - electric power
- emergency powers
- emerging nuclear power
- Entente powers
- enumerated powers
- equilibrium of power
- executive power
- exercise of the power
- extension in power
- extension of powers
- extensive powers
- extra powers
- extra-constitutional powers
- fall from power
- federally generated power
- foreign power
- full powers
- general powers
- great power
- greater powers
- greater reliance on nuclear power
- grip on power
- handover of power
- hold on power
- imperial power
- imperialist power
- implied powers
- in power
- increased powers
- increased pressure on smb to relinquish power
- industrial power
- inherent powers
- inland power
- invincible power
- jockeying for power
- judicial power
- judiciary power
- labor power
- large powers
- leading power
- legal power
- legislative power
- limited powers
- limitless power
- long run of power
- lust for power
- major power
- majority power
- mandatory powers
- maritime power
- market power
- military power
- misuse of power
- monopoly of power
- monopoly power
- motive power
- naval power
- non-nuclear power
- nuclear power
- occupying power
- official powers - overthrow of smb's power
- Pacific power - peaceful transfer of power
- peace-loving power
- personal power
- plenary power
- plenipotentiary power
- political power
- popular power
- power has passed out of the hands of a party
- power is ebbing
- power of attorney
- power of influence
- power of organization
- power of recognition
- power of the law
- power of the purse
- power to sign
- powers of arrest and interrogation
- powers of internment
- powers of stop and search
- powers of the presidency
- powers that be
- powers to do smth
- principle power
- purchasing power
- push for power
- real power
- real purchasing power
- redistribution of power
- reduction in purchasing power
- reduction of smb's power
- regional power
- reins of power
- removal from power
- reserved power
- resurgence of military power
- retaliatory power
- return to power
- revolutionary power
- rise of power
- road to power
- royal power - signatory power
- source of power
- space power
- special powers
- specific powers
- state power
- strengthening of the economic and defense power of the state
- strengthening of the power
- strong executive powers
- struggle for power
- succession to power
- supreme power
- surrender of powers to smb
- sweeping powers
- switch of power from... to...
- the dollar's holding power
- the main power behind the throne
- third power
- time in power
- too much power is invested in the president
- trading power
- transfer of power to smb
- transforming power
- transition of power
- treaty-making power
- tutelary power
- under existing powers
- unlimited power
- untrammeled power
- unwarranted power
- usurpation of power
- vast powers
- verification of powers
- vested with broad powers
- veto powers
- victorious powers
- war powers
- Western Powers
- wide powers
- with deciding voting power
- world power -
3 principle of unanimity of power
Юридический термин: принцип единогласия державУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > principle of unanimity of power
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4 tidal hydroelectric power station
гидроэлектростанция приливная
Гидроэлектростанция, использующая энергию морских приливов и отливов
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
электростанция, работающая на энергии прилива
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tidal power station
Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. (Source: PORT / BRACK)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]
tidal power station
a hydroelectric power station which uses the differences in water height due to the tides
[IEV ref 602-01-08]FR
centrale marémotrice
centrale hydro-électrique qui utilise les différences de hauteur d'eau dues à l'amplitude des marées
[IEV ref 602-01-08]Тематики
Синонимы
- электростанция, работающая на энергии прилива
EN
DE
- Gezeitenkraftwerk
- Gezeitenkraftwerk, n
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > tidal hydroelectric power station
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5 tidal power station
гидроэлектростанция приливная
Гидроэлектростанция, использующая энергию морских приливов и отливов
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
электростанция, работающая на энергии прилива
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tidal power station
Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. (Source: PORT / BRACK)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]
tidal power station
a hydroelectric power station which uses the differences in water height due to the tides
[IEV ref 602-01-08]FR
centrale marémotrice
centrale hydro-électrique qui utilise les différences de hauteur d'eau dues à l'amplitude des marées
[IEV ref 602-01-08]Тематики
Синонимы
- электростанция, работающая на энергии прилива
EN
DE
- Gezeitenkraftwerk
- Gezeitenkraftwerk, n
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > tidal power station
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6 Anaconda principle
пол., амер. принцип "анаконды" (принцип геополитической стратегии атлантизма, направленный на отторжение от Евразии максимально большого объема береговых территорий для сдерживания ее геополитической экспансии; на планетарный уровень данный принцип перенес А. Мэхэн; впервые он был применен американским генералом Мак-Клелланом в североамериканской гражданской войне 1861-1865 гг.; принцип заключается в блокировании вражеских территорий с моря и по береговым линиям, что приводит постепенно к стратегическому истощению противника)See: -
7 Sea Power
пол. морская сила [держава\] (центральная категория геополитической теории А. Мэхэна; особый тип цивилизации, основанный на свободе морской торговли; является наилучшим и наиболее эффективным типом цивилизации, а потому самой природой предназначенным к мировому господству; эталоном такой цивилизации для Мэхэна был древний Карфаген, а ближе к нам исторически — Англия 17-19 вв.)Syn:See: -
8 PPP
1) Общая лексика: Private Public Partnerships, Public Private Partnership, ГЧП2) Компьютерная техника: Poster Printer Paper3) Медицина: post-procedure pneumonia4) Военный термин: package petroleum product, performance prediction program, phased project planning, plan position presentation, planning purpose proposal, priority placement program6) Сельское хозяйство: СЗР (plant protection prodycts - средства защиты растений)7) Шутливое выражение: Pink Princess Posse, Pointless Party Protocol, Power Puff Power8) Юридический термин: Pistol Pack Posse, profit per partner10) Политика: паритет покупательной силы (purchasing power parity), паритетная покупательная способность (purchasing power parity), государственно-частное партнерство11) Телекоммуникации: Point-to-Point Protocol (IETF)12) Сокращение: Point-to-Point Protocol( successor to SLIP (q.v.)), Prepositioning Procurement Package, Priority Placement Program (USA), Window Book's Postal Package Partner (delivery-confirmation and manifest software for domestic Priority mail, Parcel Post and 1st Class mail using the USPS Manifest program and the USPS Electronic Delivery and Signature Confirmation programs), publishing and print planning (for instance: PPP software is tested through the PAGE program), pull and push plate13) Физика: Physics For Paper And Print14) Вычислительная техника: Platform of Privacy Preferences, Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet, PPP, RFC 1171/1661), Point-to-Point Protocol (successor to SLIP (q.v.))15) Биохимия: Platelet Poor Plasma16) Банковское дело: паритет покупательной способности валют (purchasing power parity)18) Пищевая промышленность: Prairie Power Pellets19) Экология: polluter-pays-principle, принцип "платит загрязнитель", принцип " загрязнитель платит" (Polluter-Pays-Principle)20) СМИ: Paperless Publishing Process, Poetical Pleasing Poets, Presentation Practice Production, Public Purpose Programs21) Деловая лексика: Penultimate Profit Prospect, Plant Protection Procedure, паритет покупательной способности (purchasing power parity)22) Образование: Problem Problem Problem23) Инвестиции: purchasing power parity24) Сетевые технологии: протокол "точка-точка", протокол двухточечной связи25) Безопасность: Protect Proper Patch26) Интернет: Point-to-Point Protocol, Pay-Per-Performance27) Расширение файла: Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet)28) Энергосистемы: pool purchase price29) Нефть и газ: 3P Arctic, Arctic PPP, polar petroleum potential, арктический нефтегазоносный потенциал, полярный нефтегазоносный потенциал30) Военно-политический термин: (Proliferation Prevention Program) Программа по предотвращению распространения (ОМУ)31) Электротехника: peak pulse power32) Майкрософт: протокол PPP33) Общественная организация: Peace Papers Packet, Prevention Puppet Project34) Должность: Per Pay Period35) Чат: Personal Projects Page36) NYSE. Pogo Producing Company37) Аэропорты: Proserpine, Queensland, Australia38) Программное обеспечение: Perl Pre Processor39) Международная торговля: People's Progressive Party -
9 ppp
1) Общая лексика: Private Public Partnerships, Public Private Partnership, ГЧП2) Компьютерная техника: Poster Printer Paper3) Медицина: post-procedure pneumonia4) Военный термин: package petroleum product, performance prediction program, phased project planning, plan position presentation, planning purpose proposal, priority placement program6) Сельское хозяйство: СЗР (plant protection prodycts - средства защиты растений)7) Шутливое выражение: Pink Princess Posse, Pointless Party Protocol, Power Puff Power8) Юридический термин: Pistol Pack Posse, profit per partner10) Политика: паритет покупательной силы (purchasing power parity), паритетная покупательная способность (purchasing power parity), государственно-частное партнерство11) Телекоммуникации: Point-to-Point Protocol (IETF)12) Сокращение: Point-to-Point Protocol( successor to SLIP (q.v.)), Prepositioning Procurement Package, Priority Placement Program (USA), Window Book's Postal Package Partner (delivery-confirmation and manifest software for domestic Priority mail, Parcel Post and 1st Class mail using the USPS Manifest program and the USPS Electronic Delivery and Signature Confirmation programs), publishing and print planning (for instance: PPP software is tested through the PAGE program), pull and push plate13) Физика: Physics For Paper And Print14) Вычислительная техника: Platform of Privacy Preferences, Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet, PPP, RFC 1171/1661), Point-to-Point Protocol (successor to SLIP (q.v.))15) Биохимия: Platelet Poor Plasma16) Банковское дело: паритет покупательной способности валют (purchasing power parity)18) Пищевая промышленность: Prairie Power Pellets19) Экология: polluter-pays-principle, принцип "платит загрязнитель", принцип " загрязнитель платит" (Polluter-Pays-Principle)20) СМИ: Paperless Publishing Process, Poetical Pleasing Poets, Presentation Practice Production, Public Purpose Programs21) Деловая лексика: Penultimate Profit Prospect, Plant Protection Procedure, паритет покупательной способности (purchasing power parity)22) Образование: Problem Problem Problem23) Инвестиции: purchasing power parity24) Сетевые технологии: протокол "точка-точка", протокол двухточечной связи25) Безопасность: Protect Proper Patch26) Интернет: Point-to-Point Protocol, Pay-Per-Performance27) Расширение файла: Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet)28) Энергосистемы: pool purchase price29) Нефть и газ: 3P Arctic, Arctic PPP, polar petroleum potential, арктический нефтегазоносный потенциал, полярный нефтегазоносный потенциал30) Военно-политический термин: (Proliferation Prevention Program) Программа по предотвращению распространения (ОМУ)31) Электротехника: peak pulse power32) Майкрософт: протокол PPP33) Общественная организация: Peace Papers Packet, Prevention Puppet Project34) Должность: Per Pay Period35) Чат: Personal Projects Page36) NYSE. Pogo Producing Company37) Аэропорты: Proserpine, Queensland, Australia38) Программное обеспечение: Perl Pre Processor39) Международная торговля: People's Progressive Party -
10 POP
1) Компьютерная техника: Positively Outstanding Programming, polar orbiting platform2) Медицина: percutaneous osteoplasty3) Американизм: Point Of Purpose, Power Of People4) Военный термин: Partially Ordered Program, period of performance, pipeline outfit, petroleum, preflight operations procedure, primary operation, project objective plan5) Техника: plane of polarization6) Религия: Presbyterian Outreach To Patients7) Метеорология: Professor Ozone Patrol8) Фармакология: Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестин (Progestin Only Pills), Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестоген (Progestogen Only Pills)9) Телекоммуникации: Post Office Protocol (Internet)10) Сокращение: Perpendicular Ocean Platform, Plug-in, Optronic Payload, Point Of Purchase promotions, Post Office Preferred (European standardized envelopes for automation), Post Office Protocol (Internet) [e.g., POP3 - Post Office Protocol, Version 3], Pulse-On-Pulse, popping, Post Office Protocol (esp. TCP/IP), Prelaunch Operations Plan, Program Operating Plan, Pacific Ocean Park (nautical theme park), Package for Online Programming, Package on Package, Package-Oriented Programming, Parallel Ocean Program (Global Ocean Model), Parity of Product, Partial Order Plan, Passing Out Parade, Pay One Price, Payment on Principal (lending), Peak Optical Power, Peak Overpressure, Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Performance Optimized Program, Perpendicular to Orbital Plane, Persistent Occipitoposterior Position (complication of labor and delivery), Picture Out Picture, Picture Outside Picture (television feature), Picture of Performance (human resources), Picture on Picture, Picture on Profile (roleplaying gaming), Picture over Picture, Piece Of Paper, Piece of Pie, Pissed Off Person, Place of Performance, Planes of Power (Everquest expansion), Plasma Oscillation Probe, Plaster of Paris, Point of Penetration, Point of Production, Poke'mon Organized Play, Polar Orbiting Platform (ASPRS), Pop From Stack, Power Of The Pen, Power Optimization Problem, Power of Prevention (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists), Pre-Teens Oppose Prohibition (Kids Next Door show), Precision Optical Performance, Premium Offset Plan (insurance), Premium Only Plan (employee benefit plan), Presensitized Offset Plate, Prince of Peace, Prince of Persia (video game), Princess of Power (She-Ra toy and animated TV show), Principal-Only Payment (loans), Printing-Out Paper, Probability of Paternity, Probability of Precipitation, Problem Oriented Policing, Process Operating Procedure, Processor on Plug-In (H/W), Prodigies of Peace, Professional Options Package, Progestogen-Only Pill (contraception), Prolyl Oligopeptidase, Proof Of Purchase, Proof of Payment, Proof of Performance, Proof of Possession, Proof of Principle, Proof of Product (validate/verify vendor's part number), Proofs-Of-Principle, Proper Operating Procedure (military), Prophets of Profit, Protected Object Policy, Protected Outperformance Participation Unit, Pseudo Operation, Public Offering Price (finance), Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic - La Union (Airport Code), Pulsed Optically Pumped (quantum optical physics), Purchase Order Processing, Pursuit of Perfection (gaming), Pustaka-On-Phone, Put on Production11) Университет: Professor Of The Planet12) Вычислительная техника: Post Office Protocol; Point of Presence, процессор с программируемыми данными, Point Of Presence (Internet, ISP), Point of Presence (Telephony), post office protocol14) Гинекология: выпадение органов малого таза (pelvic organ prolapse)15) Педиатрия: Программа Пропаганды Беременности (Pregnancy Outreach Program)17) Фирменный знак: People's Online Publishing18) Экология: Persistent organic pollutant19) Реклама: реклама в месте продажи20) Деловая лексика: Point Of Purchase21) Бурение: putting on pump (installing a pumping unit on a well)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: put on the pump, Port Open Permit, Plant Operation Permit23) Нефтегазовая техника вертикальная скорость проходки, механическая скорость бурения24) Сетевые технологии: Pass On Packet, Post Office Protocol, местный поставщик Internet-услуг, месторасположение, почтовый протокол, точка входа в сеть, точка присутствия, узел входа в сеть25) Программирование: Pop a Word from the Stack, (Post Office Protocol) протокол почтового отделения (см. Post Office Protocol)26) Пластмассы: Point of Purchase (Marketing Displays)27) Океанография: Parallel Ocean Program28) Сахалин А: project development plan29) Химическое оружие: performance-oriented packaging30) Ювелирное дело: место продажи (напр. магазин) (Point of Purchase)31) Расширение файла: Point Of Presence, Messages index (PopMail), Pop-up menu object (dBASE Application Generator)32) Имена и фамилии: Prince Of Persia33) Чат: Pissing Off People, Premises Of Post34) NYSE. Pope & Talbot, Inc.35) Аэропорты: Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic -
11 PoP
1) Компьютерная техника: Positively Outstanding Programming, polar orbiting platform2) Медицина: percutaneous osteoplasty3) Американизм: Point Of Purpose, Power Of People4) Военный термин: Partially Ordered Program, period of performance, pipeline outfit, petroleum, preflight operations procedure, primary operation, project objective plan5) Техника: plane of polarization6) Религия: Presbyterian Outreach To Patients7) Метеорология: Professor Ozone Patrol8) Фармакология: Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестин (Progestin Only Pills), Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестоген (Progestogen Only Pills)9) Телекоммуникации: Post Office Protocol (Internet)10) Сокращение: Perpendicular Ocean Platform, Plug-in, Optronic Payload, Point Of Purchase promotions, Post Office Preferred (European standardized envelopes for automation), Post Office Protocol (Internet) [e.g., POP3 - Post Office Protocol, Version 3], Pulse-On-Pulse, popping, Post Office Protocol (esp. TCP/IP), Prelaunch Operations Plan, Program Operating Plan, Pacific Ocean Park (nautical theme park), Package for Online Programming, Package on Package, Package-Oriented Programming, Parallel Ocean Program (Global Ocean Model), Parity of Product, Partial Order Plan, Passing Out Parade, Pay One Price, Payment on Principal (lending), Peak Optical Power, Peak Overpressure, Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Performance Optimized Program, Perpendicular to Orbital Plane, Persistent Occipitoposterior Position (complication of labor and delivery), Picture Out Picture, Picture Outside Picture (television feature), Picture of Performance (human resources), Picture on Picture, Picture on Profile (roleplaying gaming), Picture over Picture, Piece Of Paper, Piece of Pie, Pissed Off Person, Place of Performance, Planes of Power (Everquest expansion), Plasma Oscillation Probe, Plaster of Paris, Point of Penetration, Point of Production, Poke'mon Organized Play, Polar Orbiting Platform (ASPRS), Pop From Stack, Power Of The Pen, Power Optimization Problem, Power of Prevention (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists), Pre-Teens Oppose Prohibition (Kids Next Door show), Precision Optical Performance, Premium Offset Plan (insurance), Premium Only Plan (employee benefit plan), Presensitized Offset Plate, Prince of Peace, Prince of Persia (video game), Princess of Power (She-Ra toy and animated TV show), Principal-Only Payment (loans), Printing-Out Paper, Probability of Paternity, Probability of Precipitation, Problem Oriented Policing, Process Operating Procedure, Processor on Plug-In (H/W), Prodigies of Peace, Professional Options Package, Progestogen-Only Pill (contraception), Prolyl Oligopeptidase, Proof Of Purchase, Proof of Payment, Proof of Performance, Proof of Possession, Proof of Principle, Proof of Product (validate/verify vendor's part number), Proofs-Of-Principle, Proper Operating Procedure (military), Prophets of Profit, Protected Object Policy, Protected Outperformance Participation Unit, Pseudo Operation, Public Offering Price (finance), Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic - La Union (Airport Code), Pulsed Optically Pumped (quantum optical physics), Purchase Order Processing, Pursuit of Perfection (gaming), Pustaka-On-Phone, Put on Production11) Университет: Professor Of The Planet12) Вычислительная техника: Post Office Protocol; Point of Presence, процессор с программируемыми данными, Point Of Presence (Internet, ISP), Point of Presence (Telephony), post office protocol14) Гинекология: выпадение органов малого таза (pelvic organ prolapse)15) Педиатрия: Программа Пропаганды Беременности (Pregnancy Outreach Program)17) Фирменный знак: People's Online Publishing18) Экология: Persistent organic pollutant19) Реклама: реклама в месте продажи20) Деловая лексика: Point Of Purchase21) Бурение: putting on pump (installing a pumping unit on a well)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: put on the pump, Port Open Permit, Plant Operation Permit23) Нефтегазовая техника вертикальная скорость проходки, механическая скорость бурения24) Сетевые технологии: Pass On Packet, Post Office Protocol, местный поставщик Internet-услуг, месторасположение, почтовый протокол, точка входа в сеть, точка присутствия, узел входа в сеть25) Программирование: Pop a Word from the Stack, (Post Office Protocol) протокол почтового отделения (см. Post Office Protocol)26) Пластмассы: Point of Purchase (Marketing Displays)27) Океанография: Parallel Ocean Program28) Сахалин А: project development plan29) Химическое оружие: performance-oriented packaging30) Ювелирное дело: место продажи (напр. магазин) (Point of Purchase)31) Расширение файла: Point Of Presence, Messages index (PopMail), Pop-up menu object (dBASE Application Generator)32) Имена и фамилии: Prince Of Persia33) Чат: Pissing Off People, Premises Of Post34) NYSE. Pope & Talbot, Inc.35) Аэропорты: Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic -
12 Pop
1) Компьютерная техника: Positively Outstanding Programming, polar orbiting platform2) Медицина: percutaneous osteoplasty3) Американизм: Point Of Purpose, Power Of People4) Военный термин: Partially Ordered Program, period of performance, pipeline outfit, petroleum, preflight operations procedure, primary operation, project objective plan5) Техника: plane of polarization6) Религия: Presbyterian Outreach To Patients7) Метеорология: Professor Ozone Patrol8) Фармакология: Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестин (Progestin Only Pills), Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестоген (Progestogen Only Pills)9) Телекоммуникации: Post Office Protocol (Internet)10) Сокращение: Perpendicular Ocean Platform, Plug-in, Optronic Payload, Point Of Purchase promotions, Post Office Preferred (European standardized envelopes for automation), Post Office Protocol (Internet) [e.g., POP3 - Post Office Protocol, Version 3], Pulse-On-Pulse, popping, Post Office Protocol (esp. TCP/IP), Prelaunch Operations Plan, Program Operating Plan, Pacific Ocean Park (nautical theme park), Package for Online Programming, Package on Package, Package-Oriented Programming, Parallel Ocean Program (Global Ocean Model), Parity of Product, Partial Order Plan, Passing Out Parade, Pay One Price, Payment on Principal (lending), Peak Optical Power, Peak Overpressure, Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Performance Optimized Program, Perpendicular to Orbital Plane, Persistent Occipitoposterior Position (complication of labor and delivery), Picture Out Picture, Picture Outside Picture (television feature), Picture of Performance (human resources), Picture on Picture, Picture on Profile (roleplaying gaming), Picture over Picture, Piece Of Paper, Piece of Pie, Pissed Off Person, Place of Performance, Planes of Power (Everquest expansion), Plasma Oscillation Probe, Plaster of Paris, Point of Penetration, Point of Production, Poke'mon Organized Play, Polar Orbiting Platform (ASPRS), Pop From Stack, Power Of The Pen, Power Optimization Problem, Power of Prevention (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists), Pre-Teens Oppose Prohibition (Kids Next Door show), Precision Optical Performance, Premium Offset Plan (insurance), Premium Only Plan (employee benefit plan), Presensitized Offset Plate, Prince of Peace, Prince of Persia (video game), Princess of Power (She-Ra toy and animated TV show), Principal-Only Payment (loans), Printing-Out Paper, Probability of Paternity, Probability of Precipitation, Problem Oriented Policing, Process Operating Procedure, Processor on Plug-In (H/W), Prodigies of Peace, Professional Options Package, Progestogen-Only Pill (contraception), Prolyl Oligopeptidase, Proof Of Purchase, Proof of Payment, Proof of Performance, Proof of Possession, Proof of Principle, Proof of Product (validate/verify vendor's part number), Proofs-Of-Principle, Proper Operating Procedure (military), Prophets of Profit, Protected Object Policy, Protected Outperformance Participation Unit, Pseudo Operation, Public Offering Price (finance), Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic - La Union (Airport Code), Pulsed Optically Pumped (quantum optical physics), Purchase Order Processing, Pursuit of Perfection (gaming), Pustaka-On-Phone, Put on Production11) Университет: Professor Of The Planet12) Вычислительная техника: Post Office Protocol; Point of Presence, процессор с программируемыми данными, Point Of Presence (Internet, ISP), Point of Presence (Telephony), post office protocol14) Гинекология: выпадение органов малого таза (pelvic organ prolapse)15) Педиатрия: Программа Пропаганды Беременности (Pregnancy Outreach Program)17) Фирменный знак: People's Online Publishing18) Экология: Persistent organic pollutant19) Реклама: реклама в месте продажи20) Деловая лексика: Point Of Purchase21) Бурение: putting on pump (installing a pumping unit on a well)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: put on the pump, Port Open Permit, Plant Operation Permit23) Нефтегазовая техника вертикальная скорость проходки, механическая скорость бурения24) Сетевые технологии: Pass On Packet, Post Office Protocol, местный поставщик Internet-услуг, месторасположение, почтовый протокол, точка входа в сеть, точка присутствия, узел входа в сеть25) Программирование: Pop a Word from the Stack, (Post Office Protocol) протокол почтового отделения (см. Post Office Protocol)26) Пластмассы: Point of Purchase (Marketing Displays)27) Океанография: Parallel Ocean Program28) Сахалин А: project development plan29) Химическое оружие: performance-oriented packaging30) Ювелирное дело: место продажи (напр. магазин) (Point of Purchase)31) Расширение файла: Point Of Presence, Messages index (PopMail), Pop-up menu object (dBASE Application Generator)32) Имена и фамилии: Prince Of Persia33) Чат: Pissing Off People, Premises Of Post34) NYSE. Pope & Talbot, Inc.35) Аэропорты: Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic -
13 pop
1) Компьютерная техника: Positively Outstanding Programming, polar orbiting platform2) Медицина: percutaneous osteoplasty3) Американизм: Point Of Purpose, Power Of People4) Военный термин: Partially Ordered Program, period of performance, pipeline outfit, petroleum, preflight operations procedure, primary operation, project objective plan5) Техника: plane of polarization6) Религия: Presbyterian Outreach To Patients7) Метеорология: Professor Ozone Patrol8) Фармакология: Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестин (Progestin Only Pills), Таблетки, содержащие исключительно прогестоген (Progestogen Only Pills)9) Телекоммуникации: Post Office Protocol (Internet)10) Сокращение: Perpendicular Ocean Platform, Plug-in, Optronic Payload, Point Of Purchase promotions, Post Office Preferred (European standardized envelopes for automation), Post Office Protocol (Internet) [e.g., POP3 - Post Office Protocol, Version 3], Pulse-On-Pulse, popping, Post Office Protocol (esp. TCP/IP), Prelaunch Operations Plan, Program Operating Plan, Pacific Ocean Park (nautical theme park), Package for Online Programming, Package on Package, Package-Oriented Programming, Parallel Ocean Program (Global Ocean Model), Parity of Product, Partial Order Plan, Passing Out Parade, Pay One Price, Payment on Principal (lending), Peak Optical Power, Peak Overpressure, Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Performance Optimized Program, Perpendicular to Orbital Plane, Persistent Occipitoposterior Position (complication of labor and delivery), Picture Out Picture, Picture Outside Picture (television feature), Picture of Performance (human resources), Picture on Picture, Picture on Profile (roleplaying gaming), Picture over Picture, Piece Of Paper, Piece of Pie, Pissed Off Person, Place of Performance, Planes of Power (Everquest expansion), Plasma Oscillation Probe, Plaster of Paris, Point of Penetration, Point of Production, Poke'mon Organized Play, Polar Orbiting Platform (ASPRS), Pop From Stack, Power Of The Pen, Power Optimization Problem, Power of Prevention (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists), Pre-Teens Oppose Prohibition (Kids Next Door show), Precision Optical Performance, Premium Offset Plan (insurance), Premium Only Plan (employee benefit plan), Presensitized Offset Plate, Prince of Peace, Prince of Persia (video game), Princess of Power (She-Ra toy and animated TV show), Principal-Only Payment (loans), Printing-Out Paper, Probability of Paternity, Probability of Precipitation, Problem Oriented Policing, Process Operating Procedure, Processor on Plug-In (H/W), Prodigies of Peace, Professional Options Package, Progestogen-Only Pill (contraception), Prolyl Oligopeptidase, Proof Of Purchase, Proof of Payment, Proof of Performance, Proof of Possession, Proof of Principle, Proof of Product (validate/verify vendor's part number), Proofs-Of-Principle, Proper Operating Procedure (military), Prophets of Profit, Protected Object Policy, Protected Outperformance Participation Unit, Pseudo Operation, Public Offering Price (finance), Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic - La Union (Airport Code), Pulsed Optically Pumped (quantum optical physics), Purchase Order Processing, Pursuit of Perfection (gaming), Pustaka-On-Phone, Put on Production11) Университет: Professor Of The Planet12) Вычислительная техника: Post Office Protocol; Point of Presence, процессор с программируемыми данными, Point Of Presence (Internet, ISP), Point of Presence (Telephony), post office protocol14) Гинекология: выпадение органов малого таза (pelvic organ prolapse)15) Педиатрия: Программа Пропаганды Беременности (Pregnancy Outreach Program)17) Фирменный знак: People's Online Publishing18) Экология: Persistent organic pollutant19) Реклама: реклама в месте продажи20) Деловая лексика: Point Of Purchase21) Бурение: putting on pump (installing a pumping unit on a well)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: put on the pump, Port Open Permit, Plant Operation Permit23) Нефтегазовая техника вертикальная скорость проходки, механическая скорость бурения24) Сетевые технологии: Pass On Packet, Post Office Protocol, местный поставщик Internet-услуг, месторасположение, почтовый протокол, точка входа в сеть, точка присутствия, узел входа в сеть25) Программирование: Pop a Word from the Stack, (Post Office Protocol) протокол почтового отделения (см. Post Office Protocol)26) Пластмассы: Point of Purchase (Marketing Displays)27) Океанография: Parallel Ocean Program28) Сахалин А: project development plan29) Химическое оружие: performance-oriented packaging30) Ювелирное дело: место продажи (напр. магазин) (Point of Purchase)31) Расширение файла: Point Of Presence, Messages index (PopMail), Pop-up menu object (dBASE Application Generator)32) Имена и фамилии: Prince Of Persia33) Чат: Pissing Off People, Premises Of Post34) NYSE. Pope & Talbot, Inc.35) Аэропорты: Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic -
14 PP
1) Общая лексика: project participant2) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Port, Post Processing, Presentation Position, Pretty Print, Printed Page, Processing Problem, Programming Project, Prolog Profile, Pure Perl3) Биология: pyrophosphate4) Медицина: pulse pressure5) Американизм: Policy Procedure, Postage Paid6) Спорт: Possible Points, Power Play, Power Points7) Латинский язык: Pater Patriae8) Военный термин: Physical Plant, Preprogramed, Princess Pat's, paper play, passage point, pay period, percussion primer, personnel property, petrol point, pickup point, picrate powder, pilotless plane, pinpoint, planning purpose, power plant, present position, principle point, private property, procurement plan, production phase, progress payments, project proposal, promotion pamphlet, propulsion power, provisioning procedures, purchased parts9) Техника: packet-by-packet, partial pay, peak-to-peak, per procurationem, per pro, phosphoroprotein, physical protection, pilot plan, pilot production, plasma physics, plate pulse, power package, preprocessor, preset parameter, pressure part, pressure pickup, pressure pipe, pressure port, primary pressure, pulse pair10) Сельское хозяйство: Pig Powder, Potbelly Pig11) Шутливое выражение: Precious Piggy12) Религия: Papa Pontifex, Pope And Pontiff13) Юридический термин: Private Person, Protected Person, Psychopathic Personality14) Экономика: per pro15) Фармакология: procaine penicillin16) Биржевой термин: Percentage Point, Percentage Points17) Кино: Promotes Promiscuity18) Музыка: Pianissimo19) Политика: Papua New Guinea, Peace Party, People's Party, Peoples Party, Political Party20) Телекоммуникации: Payload Pointer21) Сокращение: Parcel Post, Pay Period (MODS report abbreviation), Petroleum Point, Point-to-Point, Primary Point, panel point, past participle, peak to peak, piping, present participle, Post Pay (payphone)22) Текстиль: Pocket Pair23) Физика: Physical Principle24) Физиология: Positive Pressure, Post Partum, Postprandial, Postpartum, Presenting Problem, Private Physician25) Электроника: Positive Pulse, Propagation Prediction26) Вычислительная техника: Pre-Processor, physical plane, pilot punch, Physical Plane (IN), Physical Partition (LVM), Post Pay (payphone, Telephony), (pages) страницы27) Нефть: production payment, pulled pipe, pump pressure, натянутая труба, оплата за продукцию (production payment), поднятая труба (pulled pipe), payback period28) Социология: Планирование рождаемости ( Planned Parenthood)29) Транспорт: Length between Perpendiculars30) Пищевая промышленность: Peak Picking31) Воздухоплавание: Plane Parallel32) Парфюмерия: полипропилен33) Фирменный знак: Parsons, Phillips Perron, Protein Protein, Pulp And Paper34) СМИ: Printers Proof, Published Play, Publisher Or Publishers35) Деловая лексика: Principal Part, Professional Practice, Published Price36) Нефтепромысловый: pore pressure37) Образование: Pet Pals38) Инвестиции: patent pending, plant patent39) Сетевые технологии: peripheral processor, периферийный процессор40) Полимеры: peak power, polypropylene, porous by precipitator, pre-primed, pressure-proof41) Автоматика: pitch point, postprocessor42) Сахалин Ю: propane43) Химическое оружие: Process Procedure44) Расширение файла: Parallel Processor45) Нефть и газ: pour point46) Электротехника: push-pull47) Общественная организация: Pet Partners48) Должность: Parish Priest49) Чат: Practically Perfect, Pretty Pathetic50) НАСА: Post Pass51) Единицы измерений: Page Or Pages, Per Particle, Per Person52) Международная торговля: Purchase Price -
15 Pp
1) Общая лексика: project participant2) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Port, Post Processing, Presentation Position, Pretty Print, Printed Page, Processing Problem, Programming Project, Prolog Profile, Pure Perl3) Биология: pyrophosphate4) Медицина: pulse pressure5) Американизм: Policy Procedure, Postage Paid6) Спорт: Possible Points, Power Play, Power Points7) Латинский язык: Pater Patriae8) Военный термин: Physical Plant, Preprogramed, Princess Pat's, paper play, passage point, pay period, percussion primer, personnel property, petrol point, pickup point, picrate powder, pilotless plane, pinpoint, planning purpose, power plant, present position, principle point, private property, procurement plan, production phase, progress payments, project proposal, promotion pamphlet, propulsion power, provisioning procedures, purchased parts9) Техника: packet-by-packet, partial pay, peak-to-peak, per procurationem, per pro, phosphoroprotein, physical protection, pilot plan, pilot production, plasma physics, plate pulse, power package, preprocessor, preset parameter, pressure part, pressure pickup, pressure pipe, pressure port, primary pressure, pulse pair10) Сельское хозяйство: Pig Powder, Potbelly Pig11) Шутливое выражение: Precious Piggy12) Религия: Papa Pontifex, Pope And Pontiff13) Юридический термин: Private Person, Protected Person, Psychopathic Personality14) Экономика: per pro15) Фармакология: procaine penicillin16) Биржевой термин: Percentage Point, Percentage Points17) Кино: Promotes Promiscuity18) Музыка: Pianissimo19) Политика: Papua New Guinea, Peace Party, People's Party, Peoples Party, Political Party20) Телекоммуникации: Payload Pointer21) Сокращение: Parcel Post, Pay Period (MODS report abbreviation), Petroleum Point, Point-to-Point, Primary Point, panel point, past participle, peak to peak, piping, present participle, Post Pay (payphone)22) Текстиль: Pocket Pair23) Физика: Physical Principle24) Физиология: Positive Pressure, Post Partum, Postprandial, Postpartum, Presenting Problem, Private Physician25) Электроника: Positive Pulse, Propagation Prediction26) Вычислительная техника: Pre-Processor, physical plane, pilot punch, Physical Plane (IN), Physical Partition (LVM), Post Pay (payphone, Telephony), (pages) страницы27) Нефть: production payment, pulled pipe, pump pressure, натянутая труба, оплата за продукцию (production payment), поднятая труба (pulled pipe), payback period28) Социология: Планирование рождаемости ( Planned Parenthood)29) Транспорт: Length between Perpendiculars30) Пищевая промышленность: Peak Picking31) Воздухоплавание: Plane Parallel32) Парфюмерия: полипропилен33) Фирменный знак: Parsons, Phillips Perron, Protein Protein, Pulp And Paper34) СМИ: Printers Proof, Published Play, Publisher Or Publishers35) Деловая лексика: Principal Part, Professional Practice, Published Price36) Нефтепромысловый: pore pressure37) Образование: Pet Pals38) Инвестиции: patent pending, plant patent39) Сетевые технологии: peripheral processor, периферийный процессор40) Полимеры: peak power, polypropylene, porous by precipitator, pre-primed, pressure-proof41) Автоматика: pitch point, postprocessor42) Сахалин Ю: propane43) Химическое оружие: Process Procedure44) Расширение файла: Parallel Processor45) Нефть и газ: pour point46) Электротехника: push-pull47) Общественная организация: Pet Partners48) Должность: Parish Priest49) Чат: Practically Perfect, Pretty Pathetic50) НАСА: Post Pass51) Единицы измерений: Page Or Pages, Per Particle, Per Person52) Международная торговля: Purchase Price -
16 pp
1) Общая лексика: project participant2) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Port, Post Processing, Presentation Position, Pretty Print, Printed Page, Processing Problem, Programming Project, Prolog Profile, Pure Perl3) Биология: pyrophosphate4) Медицина: pulse pressure5) Американизм: Policy Procedure, Postage Paid6) Спорт: Possible Points, Power Play, Power Points7) Латинский язык: Pater Patriae8) Военный термин: Physical Plant, Preprogramed, Princess Pat's, paper play, passage point, pay period, percussion primer, personnel property, petrol point, pickup point, picrate powder, pilotless plane, pinpoint, planning purpose, power plant, present position, principle point, private property, procurement plan, production phase, progress payments, project proposal, promotion pamphlet, propulsion power, provisioning procedures, purchased parts9) Техника: packet-by-packet, partial pay, peak-to-peak, per procurationem, per pro, phosphoroprotein, physical protection, pilot plan, pilot production, plasma physics, plate pulse, power package, preprocessor, preset parameter, pressure part, pressure pickup, pressure pipe, pressure port, primary pressure, pulse pair10) Сельское хозяйство: Pig Powder, Potbelly Pig11) Шутливое выражение: Precious Piggy12) Религия: Papa Pontifex, Pope And Pontiff13) Юридический термин: Private Person, Protected Person, Psychopathic Personality14) Экономика: per pro15) Фармакология: procaine penicillin16) Биржевой термин: Percentage Point, Percentage Points17) Кино: Promotes Promiscuity18) Музыка: Pianissimo19) Политика: Papua New Guinea, Peace Party, People's Party, Peoples Party, Political Party20) Телекоммуникации: Payload Pointer21) Сокращение: Parcel Post, Pay Period (MODS report abbreviation), Petroleum Point, Point-to-Point, Primary Point, panel point, past participle, peak to peak, piping, present participle, Post Pay (payphone)22) Текстиль: Pocket Pair23) Физика: Physical Principle24) Физиология: Positive Pressure, Post Partum, Postprandial, Postpartum, Presenting Problem, Private Physician25) Электроника: Positive Pulse, Propagation Prediction26) Вычислительная техника: Pre-Processor, physical plane, pilot punch, Physical Plane (IN), Physical Partition (LVM), Post Pay (payphone, Telephony), (pages) страницы27) Нефть: production payment, pulled pipe, pump pressure, натянутая труба, оплата за продукцию (production payment), поднятая труба (pulled pipe), payback period28) Социология: Планирование рождаемости ( Planned Parenthood)29) Транспорт: Length between Perpendiculars30) Пищевая промышленность: Peak Picking31) Воздухоплавание: Plane Parallel32) Парфюмерия: полипропилен33) Фирменный знак: Parsons, Phillips Perron, Protein Protein, Pulp And Paper34) СМИ: Printers Proof, Published Play, Publisher Or Publishers35) Деловая лексика: Principal Part, Professional Practice, Published Price36) Нефтепромысловый: pore pressure37) Образование: Pet Pals38) Инвестиции: patent pending, plant patent39) Сетевые технологии: peripheral processor, периферийный процессор40) Полимеры: peak power, polypropylene, porous by precipitator, pre-primed, pressure-proof41) Автоматика: pitch point, postprocessor42) Сахалин Ю: propane43) Химическое оружие: Process Procedure44) Расширение файла: Parallel Processor45) Нефть и газ: pour point46) Электротехника: push-pull47) Общественная организация: Pet Partners48) Должность: Parish Priest49) Чат: Practically Perfect, Pretty Pathetic50) НАСА: Post Pass51) Единицы измерений: Page Or Pages, Per Particle, Per Person52) Международная торговля: Purchase Price -
17 возводить
несовер. - возводить;
совер. - возвести
1) (что-л.;
сооружать) erect, raise
2) (кого-л./что-л., во что-л.) elevate (to), raise (to) возводить на престол
3) без доп.;
мат. (в степень) raise (to), involute, involve возводить во вторую степень ≈ to raise to the second power возводить в куб ≈ to cube
4) (что-л.;
уст.;
поднимать глаза, руки и т.п.) raise, lift up
5) (что-л., к чему-л.;
устанавливать происхождение) derive( from), trace (to, back) ∙ возводить что-л. в принцип ≈ to make smth. a principle;
to make a principle of smth. возводить клевету на кого-л. ≈ to cast aspersions on smb. возводить обвинение на кого-л. ≈ to accuse smb. (of), возвести (вн.)
1. (сооружать) erect (smth.) ;
2. (возвышать) elevate/promote (smb.) (to the rank of) ;
~ кого-л. на престол enthrone smb. ;
3. мат. raise (smth.) ;
~ что-л. в квадрат square smth. ;
~ что-л. в куб cube (smth.) ;
~ что-л. в принцип make* smth. a principle;
~ в четвёртую степень raise to the fourth power;
4.: ~ клевету на кого-л. calumniate smb., cast* aspersions on smb. ;
~ обвинение на кого-л. accuse smb.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > возводить
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18 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
19 absorption
əbˈsɔ:pʃən сущ.
1) всасывание, впитывание;
абсорбция, поглощение Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron from food. ≈ Витамин C помогает впитыванию железа из пищи. absorption band absorption power absorption factor Syn: suction
2) погруженность (в мысли, работу и т. п.) ;
поглощенность, сосредоточенность It was an expression of unconscious placid gravity of absorption in thoughts that had no connection with the present moment. ≈ Это было выражение бессознательно спокойной серьезности, погруженности в собственные мысли, не имеющие никакого отношения к происходящему вокруг.
3) поглощение, включение в число членов, присоединение;
ассимиляция The absorption of dialects by the Latin gave a great impulse to civilisation. ≈ Тот факт, что латинский язык включал в себя и диалекты, дал сильный толчок развитию цивилизации.всасывание, впитывание поглощение, абсорбция;
- * band (физическое) полоса поглощения;
- * capacity поглощательная способность;
- * circuit (радиотехника) заградительный контур;
- * column (химическое) поглотительная колонна;
- * of market (экономика) емкость рынка поглощение, включение в число членов, присоединение;
ассимиляция;
- * of small farms into the big one объединение небольших ферм в одну крупную поглощенность;
погруженность;
- * in one's work увлеченность работойabsorption всасывание, впитывание;
поглощение, абсорбция ~ погруженность (в мысли и т. п.)~ costing principle принцип простого отражения затрат ~ costing principle принцип простого списания затрат~ attr.: ~ circuit радио поглощающий контур;
absorption factor коэффициент поглощения~ of deficit потребление дефицита~ of excess liquidity поглощение избыточной ликвидности~ of purchasing power поглощение покупательной способностиfull ~ полное поглощениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > absorption
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20 lie
I 1. I1) let the book lie оставь книгу там, где она лежит; that great temple where the bones of so many heroes lie знаменитый собор, где погребены останки стольких героев; the snow did not lie снег быстро стаял2) he knows where his interests lie он знает, что ему выгодно; where does happiness lie? в чем счастье?2. II1) lie somewhere lie here (there, everywhere, etc.) лежать /валяться/ здесь и т.д., have you lain here all day? вы пролежали здесь весь день?; here lies John Smith здесь покоится прах Джона Смита2) lie at some time how does the matter lie at present? в каком состоянии находятся /как обстоят/ дела в настоящее время?3. IV|| lie face downward лежать ничком; lie face upward лежать лицом вверх /на спине/4. XIVlie doing smth. lie reading (looking around, waiting, etc.) читать и т. д. лежа; lie crying лежать и плакать5. XVlie in some state lie asleep [лежать и] спать; lie half-awake наполовину /не совсем еще/ проснуться; he was lying half-asleep он лежал в полусне, он [лежал и] дремал; lie still (rigid, motionless, etc.) лежать спокойно /тихо/ и т.д., lie ill [in bed] болеть, лежать в постели; lie open быть открытым; lie dead лежать мертвым; lie helpless лежать в беспомощном состоянии; lie waste /barren/ быть заброшенным; the land lies waste земля не обрабатывается /заброшена/; lie idle лежать, ничего не делая, валяться без дела; money lies idle in the bank деньги в банке лежат без движения /мертвым капиталом/; the factory has been lying idle for a year фабрика не работает /стоит/ уже год; the snow lies deep снег лежит толстым слоем; the principle lies deep in human nature эта черта присуща человеку /укоренилась в человеке/; lie heavy on smb.'s conscience лежать тяжким грузом у кого-л. на совести; lie high (low, far away, etc.) лежать /находиться/ высоко и т. д.6. XVI1) lie он smth. lie on the table (on the ground, on the floor, on the bed, on a couch, on the damp grass, etc.) лежать /валяться/ на столе и т. д., lie on one's back (on one's side) лежать на спине (на боку); lie on one's face лежать ничком; all the responsibility lies on his shoulders вся ответственность лежит на нем; lie in smth. lie in the dust (in a box, in a junk room, etc.) лежать /валяться/ в пыли и т. д.; lie in bed with flu болеть гриппом; don't lie in bed all morning не валяйся в постели все утро; ships lie in the harbour корабли стоит в гавани; lie in one's grave лежать в могиле; lie in the churchyard покоиться на кладбище; lie in Westminster (in Plymouth, etc.) быть похороненным в Вестминстере и т. д., lie in prison сидеть /томиться/ в тюрьме; lie in ambush сидеть в засаде; lie in wait for smb. подстерегать кого-л.; lie in ruins (in ashes) лежать в развалинах /в руинах/; lie with smth. on (to, in, etc.) smth. lie with one's head on the pillow (with one's legs on the floor, with one's face to the east,lie with one's back to the wall, etc.) лежать головой на подушке и т. д.; lie with smth. in some state lie with one's eyes open (with one's mouth shut, etc.) лежать с открытыми глазами и т. д; lie about smth. lie about the room (about the beach, about the territory, etc.) валяться /лежать, быть разбросанным/ по всей комнате и т. д.; lie around smb. ruins lay all around us повсюду /вокруг нас/ лежали руины; lie over smth. a white mist lay over London Лондон был окутан белым туманом2) lie in (among, to, etc.) smth. lie in the mountains (among pretty scenery, below the castle) to the west of the city, etc.) находиться /быть расположенным/ в горах и т. д., the village lies on a plain деревня находится /лежит, стоит, раскинулась/ посреди равнины; London lies on the Thames Лондон стоит на Темзе; the town lies on the right bank of the river город раскинулся на правом берегу реки; а road lies along a stream (along the coast, along the valley, among bushes, through the woods, etc.) дорога идет /проходит/ вдоль ручья и т. д.; my house lies on his way мой дом находится у него на пути; the ocean lay at our feet [внизу] у наших ног /под нами/ лежал /простирался/ океан; а town lay before us перед нашим взором раскинулся город; а long journey lies before you вам предстоит длинное путешествие; the world (a splendid future, a brilliant career, etc.) lies before you перед вами открыт весь мир и т. д.; the philosophy (the principle, the theory, etc.) that lies at the bottom /at the base/ of their activities философия и т. д., лежащая / которая лежит/ в основе их деятельности; lie between life and death находиться между жизнью и смертью; the truth lies between these extremes истину следует искать между этими крайностями; as much as lies in my power насколько это в моей власти; I will do all that lies in my power я сделаю все, что в моих силах; the problem lies outside our present inquiry эта проблема не входит в данное исследование; lie with smb. the fault (the responsibility, etc.) lies with him (with the teacher, with the government officials, etc.) он и т. д. виноват. это его и т. д. вина; with whom does the blame lie? кто виноват?; the choice lies with you вам предоставляется право выбора; it lies with smb. to do smth. it lies with you to decide (to take the initiative, to prove smth., to make excuses, to make amends, to watch over the child, etc.) право решать и т. д. предоставляется вам3) lie in smth. lie in education ( in contentment, in one's character, in smb.'s weakness, etc.) основываться на образовании и т. д., the point /the nub/ of the story lies in its humour соль рассказа в его юморе /объясняется его юмором/; the trouble lies in the engine неполадки /причину неполадок/ следует искать в моторе; his talents do not lie in that direction его способности проявляются в другой области7. XVIIlie in doing smth. his future lies in farming (in acting, in fencing, etc.) его будущее в сельском хозяйстве и т. д.; the success of this venture lies in planning успех этого мероприятия зависит от того, какой будет разработан план; the point lies more in telling that in the tale дело не в самом рассказе, а в том, как его рассказываютII 1. Ihe is lying он лжет; stop lying хватит врать!; lie but don't overdo it ври, да не завирайся; that clock must be lying эти часы, должно быть, врут /идут неправильно/; the camera doesn't lie камера не искажает2. IIlie in some manner lie intentionally (readily, unknowingly, shamelessly, brazenly, glibly, plausibly, etc.) намеренно /сознательно/ и т. д. лгать; lie unblushingly врать и не краснеть; she never lies она никогда не лжет /не говорят неправды/3. XVIlie to smb. he lied to me он мне солгал /сказал неправду/; she never lied to her husband она никогда не лгала своему мужу; lie about smb., smth. she lied about you она вас оболгала; there is no doubt he is lying about it насчет этого он, несомненно, врет id lie in one's teeth нагло лгать4. XVIIIlie oneself into (out of) smth. he lied himself into the theatre он попал в театр с помощью лжи: he lied himself into trouble ложь довела его до беды; he lied himself out of trouble /out of a difficulty, out of a scrape/ он выпутался из неприятностей при помощи лжи5. XIX1lie like smb. lie like a child (like a lawyer, like any card-player, etc.) врать как ребенок и т. д.6. XXI1lie smb. out of smth. she lied him out of his money она вытянула у него деньги обманным путем || lie one's way into smth. обманным путем проникнуть куда-л.; he managed to lie his way into the director's office ему удалось придумать какой-то предлог, чтобы попасть в кабинет директора; he lied his way into the job он заполучил эту работу обманным путем; lie one's way out of smth. обманным путем выпутаться из чего-л.; lie one's way out of difficulty /out of trouble, out of a scrape/ выпутаться из затруднительного положения при помощи лжи7. XXIIlie smb. into (out of) doing smth. she lied him into going with her она наплела с три короба, и ему пришлось пойти с ней; he lied her out of going with him он наговорил ей всяких небылиц, чтобы она с ним не ходила
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