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101 overprice
1. гл.эк. завышать цену (назначать на что-л. неоправданно высокую цену); переоценивать, оценивать слишком высоко ( в прямом или переносном смысле)Don't overprice or you'll scare away prospective buyers. — Не завышайте цену или вы распугаете потенциальных покупателей.
to overprice the house — переоценить дом, установить на дом слишком высокую цену
After meeting with a real estate agent, driving through the area and seeing the competition at that price point, he realized he had overpriced the house.
Unfortunately, he overpriced himself and ended up losing both opportunities. — К сожалению, он себя переоценил и в итоге потерял обе возможности.
Ant:See:2. сущ.эк. завышенная цена ( неоправданно высокая по сравнению с обычным уровнем); завышенная оценка*Also, if there was indeed an overprice, then the contract price should have been higher than the estimated cost of the project. — Также, если имела место завышенная оценка, то цена по контракту должна быть выше оценочной стоимости выполнения проекта.
Ant:price 1. 1)See:price 1. 1)* * */vt/ назначать завышенную цену -
102 predatory pricing
марк. хищническое ценообразование (практика вытеснения крупными компаниями с рынка небольших компаний путем временного существенного снижения цен на услуги или товары; такое снижение цен, зачастую ниже издержек производства, осуществляется за счет прибыли по другим операциям)Syn:See:price war, predatory price, predatory price cutting, limit pricing, penetration pricing, kamikaze pricing, experience curve pricing, destroyer pricing, keen price, below cost bidder, socially wasteful competition, predatory dumping, non-price predation, eating someone's lunch
* * *
"грабительское" ценообразование: незаконная практика вытеснения крупными компаниями с рынка небольших и более эффективных компаний путем временного существенного снижения цен на услуги или товары ниже издержек за счет прибыли по другим операциям (через некоторое время цены вновь поднимаются).* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валюта«хищное» ценообразованиевременное снижение цен с целью разорения конкурента и захвата рынка сбыта, а затем повышение цен-----установление разорительных/грабительских ценназначение цен на товары и услуги на низком уровне, делающем невозможным конкуренцию со стороны других фирм и заставляющем их уйти с рынка -
103 predecessor in title
юр. предшествующий владелец, правопредшественник (лицо, которое находилось во владении собственностью до того момента, как следующий владелец вступил в свои права)Ant:price war, predatory price, predatory price cutting, limit pricing, penetration pricing, kamikaze pricing, experience curve pricing, destroyer pricing, keen price, below cost bidder, socially wasteful competition, predatory dumping, non-price predation, eating someone's lunch* * * -
104 CPI
1) Общая лексика: ИПЦ индекс потребительских цен (consumer price index), ИПЦ (индекс потребительских цен)2) Компьютерная техника: Clocks Per Instruction, Computer to PABX Interface, Cycle Per Instruction3) Медицина: cardiac power index4) Военный термин: Chief of Public Information, Common Part Indicator, Communications Processor and Interface, Competition Performance Index, center of programmed instruction, Communications Processing and Interface (module)5) Техника: center pressure index, chemical process industry, coherent processing interval, containment performance improvement, crash-position indicator6) Религия: Church Planting Institute7) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway8) Юридический термин: City Property Involved, Corruption Perception Index9) Экономика: ИПЦ, ИРЦ, индекс розничных цен, индекс цен на потребительские товары, (consumer price index) индекс цен потребителей10) Бухгалтерия: Cannot Pinpoint Inflation, Cardholder Payment Interface11) Автомобильный термин: central port fuel injection12) Телекоммуникации: Computer-PBX Interface13) Сокращение: Chemical Processing Industries, Communications Processor & Interface, Communist Party of India, Consumer Price Index (cost of living), Counter Proliferation Initiative, Crash Position Indicator, MS-DOS Codepage File, Cost Per Inquiry14) Вычислительная техника: Common Programming Interface, Computer Private branch exchange Interface, cycles per instruction, процентное соотношение произведённых затрат, Common Part Indicator (ATM), Common Programming Interface (IBM, SAA), индекс эффективности затрат, стандартный программный интерфейс, число символов на дюйм15) Нефть: computer-processed interpretation, corrugated plate inrterceptor, corrugated plate interceptor16) Банковское дело: индекс цен на потребительские товары (consumer price index)17) Фирменный знак: Cincinnati Precision Instruments, Communications Power Industries, Conservative Press International18) Экология: carbon preference index19) Налоги: comparable profit interval, сопоставимый интервал прибыли20) Деловая лексика: Cumulative Progress Indicators, индекс потребительских цен21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: избыточность нечётного числа n-алканов по отношению к чётному числу n-алканов (Carbon Preference Index), индекс предпочтительности усвоения углерода (Carbon Preference Index)22) Менеджмент: Continuous Process Improvement (Continuous Process Improvement)23) Образование: Certified Personnel Information24) Инвестиции: consumer price index25) Сетевые технологии: characters per inch, computer-to-PBX interface26) Полимеры: Chemical and Petrochemical Industry27) Сахалин Ю: continuous performance improvement, corrugated plate incline28) Химическое оружие: Cost performance index29) Авиационная медицина: Californian personality inventory, Californian psychological inventory30) Расширение файла: Character Per Inch, Clock Per Instruction, Bitmap graphics (Colorlab Processed Image), Code Page Information file (DOS), Common Programming Interface (IBM), MS-DOS codepage file (MODE. EXE)31) SAP.тех. интерфейс CPI32) Собаководство: Canine Parainfluenza33) Должность: Certified Professional Inspector34) Аэропорты: Cape Orford, Papua New Guinea35) НАСА: Commence Primary Ignition36) Программное обеспечение: Card Processing Integration37) AMEX. Capital Properties, Inc., of Rhode Island38) Оргтехника: cost per impression -
105 cpi
1) Общая лексика: ИПЦ индекс потребительских цен (consumer price index), ИПЦ (индекс потребительских цен)2) Компьютерная техника: Clocks Per Instruction, Computer to PABX Interface, Cycle Per Instruction3) Медицина: cardiac power index4) Военный термин: Chief of Public Information, Common Part Indicator, Communications Processor and Interface, Competition Performance Index, center of programmed instruction, Communications Processing and Interface (module)5) Техника: center pressure index, chemical process industry, coherent processing interval, containment performance improvement, crash-position indicator6) Религия: Church Planting Institute7) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway8) Юридический термин: City Property Involved, Corruption Perception Index9) Экономика: ИПЦ, ИРЦ, индекс розничных цен, индекс цен на потребительские товары, (consumer price index) индекс цен потребителей10) Бухгалтерия: Cannot Pinpoint Inflation, Cardholder Payment Interface11) Автомобильный термин: central port fuel injection12) Телекоммуникации: Computer-PBX Interface13) Сокращение: Chemical Processing Industries, Communications Processor & Interface, Communist Party of India, Consumer Price Index (cost of living), Counter Proliferation Initiative, Crash Position Indicator, MS-DOS Codepage File, Cost Per Inquiry14) Вычислительная техника: Common Programming Interface, Computer Private branch exchange Interface, cycles per instruction, процентное соотношение произведённых затрат, Common Part Indicator (ATM), Common Programming Interface (IBM, SAA), индекс эффективности затрат, стандартный программный интерфейс, число символов на дюйм15) Нефть: computer-processed interpretation, corrugated plate inrterceptor, corrugated plate interceptor16) Банковское дело: индекс цен на потребительские товары (consumer price index)17) Фирменный знак: Cincinnati Precision Instruments, Communications Power Industries, Conservative Press International18) Экология: carbon preference index19) Налоги: comparable profit interval, сопоставимый интервал прибыли20) Деловая лексика: Cumulative Progress Indicators, индекс потребительских цен21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: избыточность нечётного числа n-алканов по отношению к чётному числу n-алканов (Carbon Preference Index), индекс предпочтительности усвоения углерода (Carbon Preference Index)22) Менеджмент: Continuous Process Improvement (Continuous Process Improvement)23) Образование: Certified Personnel Information24) Инвестиции: consumer price index25) Сетевые технологии: characters per inch, computer-to-PBX interface26) Полимеры: Chemical and Petrochemical Industry27) Сахалин Ю: continuous performance improvement, corrugated plate incline28) Химическое оружие: Cost performance index29) Авиационная медицина: Californian personality inventory, Californian psychological inventory30) Расширение файла: Character Per Inch, Clock Per Instruction, Bitmap graphics (Colorlab Processed Image), Code Page Information file (DOS), Common Programming Interface (IBM), MS-DOS codepage file (MODE. EXE)31) SAP.тех. интерфейс CPI32) Собаководство: Canine Parainfluenza33) Должность: Certified Professional Inspector34) Аэропорты: Cape Orford, Papua New Guinea35) НАСА: Commence Primary Ignition36) Программное обеспечение: Card Processing Integration37) AMEX. Capital Properties, Inc., of Rhode Island38) Оргтехника: cost per impression -
106 export
1. сущ.1) межд. эк. экспорт, вывоз, экспортирование (вывоз за границу товаров для продажи на внешних рынках и оказание услуг нерезидентам как за рубежом, так и на территории родной страны предоставляющей услуги компании)ATTRIBUTES:
COMBS:
military export — военный экспорт, экспорт военных товаров
export from Japan — экспорт [вывоз\] из Японии
export articles, articles of export — статьи [предметы\] экспорта [вывоза\]
volume of export(s) — объем экспорта (обычно о натуральных единицах: тоннах и т. п.)
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:capital export, direct export, export of counterrevolution, export of jobs, export of revolution, export of unemployment, indirect export, invisible export 1), merchandise export 1), service export, temporary export, visible export 1) certificate for export, country of export, propensity to export COMBS: Automated Export Reporting Program, debt-for-export swap, debt service-to-exports ratio, debt-to-export ratio, export-biased growth, Export Administration Regulations, Export Assistance Center, Export Enhancement Program, Export-Import Bank, export/import business, export-import company, export-import trade, Export Information System, export-led growth, Export Legal Assistance Network, export management company, export-oriented industrialization, export participation rate, export performance requirement, gold export point, import-export company, import-export trade, Targeted Export Assistance Program, Bank Export Services Act, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1. 1)2) межд. эк., преим. мн. статья [предмет\] экспорта [вывоза\] ( экспортируемый товар или услуга)Sugar and copra are the chief exports. — Сахар и копра являются главными статьями экспорта.
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:domestic exports, foreign exports, demand for exports, duty on exports, supply of exports, reexport 1. 2)3) мн., межд. эк., стат. объем [стоимость, сумма\] экспорта (стоимость или количество экспортированных товаров; также название разделов в статистической или финансовой отчетности, в которых отражается информация о величине экспорта за период)Balance of trade is the difference between a country’s total imports and exports. — Сальдо торгового баланса определяется как разница между общей суммой импорта и экспорта.
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus4) комп. экспорт, экспортирование (перенос текстовой информации, графических объектов и т. п. из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus2. гл.1) межд. эк. вывозить, экспортировать ( продавать товары за границу)The company exports mainly to the US, Japan, Canada and Asia. — Компания экспортирует преимущественно в США, Японию, Канаду и Азию.
Ant:exportation 2)See:2) комп. экспортировать (переносить информацию из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)Ant:exportation 2)See:exportation 2)3. прил.межд. эк. экспортный, вывозной ( относящийся к экспорту)export policy — экспортная политика, политика в области экспорта
Ant:Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow PagesSee:Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow Pages
* * *
экспорт: вывоз (продажа) товаров и услуг за границу, в отличие от операций с национальными покупателями.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *вывоз товаров, капиталов или услуг за границу для реализации на внешних рынках -
107 import
1. сущ.1) межд. эк. импорт, ввоз, импортирование (ввоз в страну товаров и услуг из-за границы; покупка резидентами товаров и услуг у нерезидентов)manufactured import — промышленный импорт, импорт промышленных товаров
military import — военный импорт, импорт продукции военного назначения
COMBS:
import of goods [services\] — импорт товаров [услуг\]
import from Australia — импорт [ввоз\] из Австралии
import ban on smth., ban on import of smth. — заперт на импорт чего-л.
import articles, articles of import — статьи [предметы\] импорта [ввоза\]
volume of import(s), import volume — объем импорта (обычно о натуральных единицах: тоннах и т. п.)
import policy — импортная политика, политика в области импорта
Ant:general imports, imports for consumption, invisible import 2), merchandise import 2), negligible imports, net import, special imports, visible import 2) balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:capital import, competitive import, direct import, indirect import, invisible import 1), merchandise import 1), service import, temporary import, visible import 1) country of import, propensity to import, voluntary import expansion COMBS: Commodity Import Program, import-biased growth, Export-Import Bank, export/import business, export-import company, export-import trade, gold import point, import-export company, import-export trade, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1. 1)2) межд. эк., преим. мн. статья импорта [ввоза\], предмет импорта [ввоза\] (ввозимый товары, услуга, капитал и т. п.)ATTRIBUTES:
Ant:general imports, imports for consumption, invisible import 2), merchandise import 2), negligible imports, net import, special imports, visible import 2) balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:grey market imports, parallel imports, prohibited imports, retained imports, demand for imports, duty on imports, supply of imports, reimport 1. 2)3) мн., межд. эк., стат. объем [стоимость, сумма\] импорта (стоимость или количество экспортированных товаров; также название разделов в статистической или финансовой отчетности, в которых отражается информация о величине импорта за период)Ant:general imports, imports for consumption, invisible import 2), merchandise import 2), negligible imports, net import, special imports, visible import 2) balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:general imports, imports for consumption, invisible import 2), merchandise import 2), negligible imports, net import, special imports, visible import 2) balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus4) комп. импорт, импортирование (перенос текстовой информации, графических объектов и т. п. в данный файл или программное приложение из другого файла/приложения)Ant:general imports, imports for consumption, invisible import 2), merchandise import 2), negligible imports, net import, special imports, visible import 2) balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus2. гл.1) межд. эк. ввозить, импортировать ( покупать товары или услуги за границей)The company imports between 15 million and 20 million pounds of shrimp per year. — Компания импортирует от 15 до 20 млн фунтов креветок в год.
to import goods into the UK — импортировать [ввозить\] товары в Великобританию
to import goods from United States — импортировать [ввозить\] товары из США
Ant:importation 2)See:2)а) общ. вносить, вводить, привноситьSee:imported 2)б) комп. импортировать (переносить в данный файл или программное приложение информацию из другого файла/приложения)Ant:importation 2)See:importation 2)3. прил.межд. эк. импортный, ввозной ( относящийся к импорту)import policy — импортная политика, политика в области импорта
import market — импортный рынок, рынок импорта
Ant:customs import specialist, import agent, import bias, import broker, import business, import cartel, import certificate, import clearance, import competition, import contract, import control, import cover, import declaration, import demand, import deposit, import distributor, import duty, import elasticity, import entry, import factoring, import financing, import gold point, import invoice, import leasing, import letter of credit, import levy, import licence, import licensing, import limitation, import merchant, import penetration, import permit, import potential, import price, import products, import prohibition, import promotion, import propensity, import protection, import purchases, import quota, import rate, import regulation, import relief, import restrictions, import specie point, import statistics, import substitute, import substitution, import supply, import surcharge, import surplus, import tariff, import tax, import trade, import transaction, import turnover, import wholesalerSee:customs import specialist, import agent, import bias, import broker, import business, import cartel, import certificate, import clearance, import competition, import contract, import control, import cover, import declaration, import demand, import deposit, import distributor, import duty, import elasticity, import entry, import factoring, import financing, import gold point, import invoice, import leasing, import letter of credit, import levy, import licence, import licensing, import limitation, import merchant, import penetration, import permit, import potential, import price, import products, import prohibition, import promotion, import propensity, import protection, import purchases, import quota, import rate, import regulation, import relief, import restrictions, import specie point, import statistics, import substitute, import substitution, import supply, import surcharge, import surplus, import tariff, import tax, import trade, import transaction, import turnover, import wholesaler
* * *
1) импорт: ввоз товаров в другую страну; 2) импортировать: ввозить товары из-за границы; 3) импортный товар.* * *1. приобретение у иностранного контрагента товара с ввозом его в страну из-за границы, включает платное пользование услугами иностранных лиц, фирм и организаций2. ввоз в страну из-за границы иностранных товаров для их продажи или использования3. приток в страну капитала из-за границы (предоставление займов и кредитов)4. общее количество или стоимость ввезенных товаров -
108 clause
[klɔ:z]abandonment clause оговорка об отказе от права acceleration clause юр. пункт о сокращении срока исполнения обязательства acceleration clause условие о сокращении срока additional clause дополнительное условие additional clause дополнительный параграф (документа) adjustment clause оговорка об урегулировании arbitral clause статья об арбитраже arbitral clause условие арбитража arbitration clause арбитражная оговорка arbitration clause условие о передаче в арбитраж возникающих из договора споров at clause вчт. декларация положения attestation clause надпись о засвидетельствовании оформления документа average clause страх. оговорка об авариях average clause пункт о пропорциональном распределении страховой ответственности bearer clause пункт о предъявителе beneficiary clause пункт, определяющий бенефициария benefit clause юр. статья о привилегии best efforts clause юр. статья о наилучших условиях break clause пункт о скидке с цены в случае покупки определенного количества товара breakage clause пункт о возмещении убытка за поломку cancellation clause оговорка об аннулировании cancellation clause оговорка об отмене capital clause оговорка об основном капитале case clause вчт. выбирающее предложение clause вчт. дизъюнкт clause клаузула clause оговорка clause параграф clause вчт. предложение clause грам. предложение (являющееся частью сложного предложения); principal (subordinate) clause главное (придаточное) предложение clause пункт clause статья, пункт; клаузула (в договоре); escape clause дип. пункт договора, предусматривающий отказ от взятого обязательства clause статья clause условие clause утверждение clause of denunciation пункт о денонсации claw-back clause оговорка о возмещении затрат на увеличение государственных пособий путем соответственного увеличения налогов coinsurance clause оговорка о совместном страховании competition clause пункт о конкуренции confidentiality clause оговорка о конфиденциальности conscience clause оговорка о возможности несоблюдения закона по религиозным принципам continuation clause страх. оговорка о пролонгации contract clause статья контракта contracting-out clause оговорка об аннулировании контракта contractual penalty clause оговорка о неустойке за невыполнение договора cost-of-living clause оговорка об индексации заработной платы cover clause оговорка о покрытии currency clause валютная оговорка cutoff clause оговорка об ограничении damages clause оговорка о возмещении убытков data clause вчт. предложение описания данных deductible clause страх. пункт о франшизе delivery clause оговорка о доставке denunciation clause пункт о денонсации discharging clause суд. оговорка о разгрузке discharging clause суд. пункт о разгрузке discovery limitation clause пункт, ограничивающий разглашение документов door-to-door clause пункт о страховании путем поквартирного обхода double domicile clause условие двойного домицилия editing clause вчт. оператор редактирования empty clause вчт. пустой дизъюнкт enacting clause вступительная формула закона, преамбула закона enacting clause постановляющая часть закона enacting: enacting вводящий, постановляющий; enacting clause преамбула закона, конвенции errors and omissions clause юр. пункт об ошибках и пропусках escalation clause оговорка о скользящих ценах escalator clause оговорка о скользящих ценах escalator clause пункт о повышении заработной платы escalator: escalator эскалатор; escalator clause условие "скользящей шкалы" (в коллективных договорах) clause статья, пункт; клаузула (в договоре); escape clause дип. пункт договора, предусматривающий отказ от взятого обязательства escape clause клаузула возможности отказа escape clause оговорка об обстоятельствах, дающих право на освобождение от договорной обязанности; пункт договора, освобождающий от ответственности escape clause оговорка об обстоятельствах, дающих право на освобождение от договорной обязанности escape clause пункт договора, освобождающий от ответственности exchange clause валютная оговорка exclusion clause оговорка об исключении exclusive sales rights clause оговорка об исключительном праве продажи exculpatory contract clause положение контракта, освобождающее от обязательств exemption clause оговорка об ограничении ответственности exemption clause статья об освобождении от обязательств exoneration clause оговорка об освобождении от обязательств fac clause (fast-as-can clause) пункт о погрузке и разгрузке без простоев final clause окончательная оговорка final clause окончательное условие final clause окончательный пункт final: clause целевой; final clause грам. предложение цели first refusal clause оговорка о первом отказе force majeure clause оговорка о форс-мажорных обстоятельствах forfeiture clause оговорка о штрафе general clause общая оговорка gold clause золотая оговорка gold-value clause золотовалютная оговорка guarantee clause оговорка о гарантии hardship clause юр. необоснованное условие hardship clause юр. несправедливое условие hedging clause юр. пункт о страховании от потерь hold-harmless clause юр. статья договора, не содержащая ущерба для договаривающейся стороны hold-harmless clause юр. статья договора, не ограничивающая договаривающуюся сторону Horn clause дизъюнкт Хорна horn clause вчт. хорновское выражение ice clause ледовая оговорка, оговорка о ледовых обстоятельствах (в чартере) ice clause оговорка о ледовой обстановке if clause вчт. условное предложение indemnity clause оговорка о возмещении вреда, ущерба, убытков index clause юр. оговорка об индексе indexation clause оговорка об индексации interest clause оговорка о выплате процентов interest escalation clause оговорка о скользящей шкале процентов interpretation clause статья закона, излагающая значение употребленных в законе терминов irrevocable beneficiary clause безотзывное условие бенефициара justified clause вчт. оператор выравнивания legislation clause оговорка о юрисдикции legitimation clause оговорка о легитимации liability clause пункт об обязательствах liability clause пункт об ответственности life endowment clause оговорка о пожизненном материальном обеспечении loss leader clause пункт о продаже товара в убыток для привлечения покупателей machinery clause пункт договора об оборудовании maintenance clause пункт о техническом обслуживании middleman clause оговорка о посреднике monetary clause валютная оговорка most-favoured-nation clause оговорка о предоставлении стране статуса наибольшего благоприятствования multicurrency clause мультивалютная оговорка negligence clause оговорка о навигационной ошибке negligence clause оговорка об освобождении судовладельца от ответственности со стороны его служащих neutrality clause статья о нейтралитете no strike clause пункт о запрещении забастовок non-competition clause оговорка об отсутствии конкуренции noncompete clause статья о запрещении конкуренции noncompetition clause статья о запрещении конкуренции nonwarranty clause пункт о недоговорной гарантии notification clause пункт об уведомлении objects clause пункт о целях omnibus clause статья, объединяющая различные вопросы option clause бирж. оговорка об опционе optional clause факультативная оговорка optional clause факультативный пункт order clause статья приказа oversight clause пункт о надзоре parallel clause вчт. параллельное предложение paramount clause условие коносамента о превалирующем значении национального законодательства, принятого в соответствии с Брюссельской конвенцией от 1924 г. о коносаментных перевозках pari passu clause оговорка о пропорциональном распределении parity clause юр. оговорка о паритете penalty clause пункт о штрафной неустойке penalty clause штрафная оговорка, пункт о штрафной неустойке penalty clause штрафная оговорка picture clause пункт о страховании картины pre-emption clause оговорка о преимущественном праве покупки price adjustment clause пункт о регулировании цены price clause оговорка о цене clause грам. предложение (являющееся частью сложного предложения); principal (subordinate) clause главное (придаточное) предложение principal: clause грам. главный; principal clause главное предложение; principal parts of the verb основные формы глагола pro rata clause оговорка о пропорциональной компенсации reconstruction clause пункт о реконструкции redemption clause оговорка о выкупе (заложенного имущества) reemployment clause пункт о предоставлении нового места работы в случае увольнения reinstatement clause оговорка о восстановлении в правах reinstatement clause пункт о восстановлении в прежней должности remortgaging clause оговорка о перезакладывании repurchase clause оговорка об обратной покупке restraint clause оговорка об ограничении restraint clause ограничительная оговорка restriction clause оговорка об ограничении restrictive clause ограничительная оговорка restrictive clause ограничительная статья договора restrictive clause ограничительное условие salvage clause оговорка об участии страховщика в расходах по спасанию saving clause исключающая оговорка saving clause дип. статья, содержащая оговорку saving clause статья, содержащая оговорку saving: clause содержащий оговорку; saving clause статья, содержащая оговорку self-judgment clause статья о вынесении приговора самому себе serial clause вчт. последовательное предложение shrink-wrap clause оговорка об обертывании в термоусадочный материал solidarity clause статья о солидарности stabilization clause оговорка о стабилизации stable value clause оговорка об устойчивой ценности statutory preemption clause установленный законом пункт о преимущественном праве покупки strike clause оговорка о забастовке strike clause статья о забастовках (в договоре) subrogation clause пункт о суброгации subsidiary clause вспомогательная статья supplementary clause дополнительная статья supplementary clause дополнительный параграф supplementary clause дополнительный пункт tax-free covenant clause пункт договора об освобождении от налога tel quel clause оговорка в контракте, освобождающая продавца от гарантии качества товара termination clause статья контракта об условиях его прекращения testimonium clause заключительная формула документа war clause военная оговорка (в чартере) war risk clause оговорка о военных рисках warranty clause оговорка о гарантии weather permitting clause пункт о благоприятствовании погоды works-of-art clause пункт о страховании произведений искусства -
109 level
n
- acceptance quality level
- average level
- borrowing level
- break-even level of income
- break-even sales level
- budgeted level
- confidence level
- consumption level
- decision-taking level
- deflating price level
- educational level
- engineering level
- expected earning level
- full employment level
- funding level
- income level
- inflation level
- inventory level
- junk level
- lethal level
- margin level
- market level
- mean level
- occupational level
- overall level of income
- pay level
- peak level
- performance level
- preferential level
- price level
- prime rate level
- production level
- profit level
- quality level
- reach level
- reorder level
- replenishment level
- requisite level
- risk level
- salary level
- sales level
- shortage level
- skill level
- standard level
- sustainable level
- stock level
- stock-out level
- subsistence level
- tax level
- technical level
- technological level
- top level
- utility level
- wage level
- work level
- yield level
- level of accumulation
- level of achievements
- level of advance
- level of authority
- level of automation
- level of business
- level of competition
- level of consumption
- level of contracting
- level of currency reserves
- level of current yield
- level of development
- level of economic development
- level of efficiency
- level of employment
- level of an export tax
- level of exposure
- level of income
- level of interest rate
- level of investments
- level of liquidity
- level of living
- level of margin debt
- level of monetary demand
- level of orders
- level of output
- level of prices
- level of production
- level of profitability
- level of profitableness
- level of rates
- level of rent
- level of reserves
- level of sales
- level of savings
- level of supply
- level of service
- level of taxation
- level of wages
- at executive level
- at federal level
- at government level
- below the level
- beyond reasonable level
- be on a level
- increase the price level
- maintain a stable price level
- provide high level of service
- raise the level of funding
- reach a peak level
- reach a record level
- stay at the previous level -
110 model
n1) модель, образец2) модель, тип, марка конструкции
- activity analysis model
- advertising model
- aggregate econometric model
- allocation model
- approved model
- backlogging model
- bargaining model
- basic model
- basic decision model
- behavioral model
- bidding model
- bid price determination model
- bilateral monopoly model
- binomial model
- buffer-stock model
- business cycle model
- capital asset pricing model
- closed model
- collective risk model
- company model
- competition model
- competitive model
- continuous-time model
- control model
- corporate financial model
- cost model
- cost benefit model
- cost effectiveness model
- cost minimizing model
- cut-away model
- decision model
- decision theory model
- demonstration model
- discreet-time model
- distributed lag model
- double-risk model
- dynamic model
- dynamic sequential model
- econometric model
- economic growth model
- estimation model
- expanded model
- expected cost model
- expected value model
- experimental model
- export model
- feasibility model
- financial model
- fixed-service-level model
- forecasting model
- full-scale model
- functional model
- game model
- generalized model
- growth model
- industrial model
- in-process inventory model
- input-output model
- inspection model
- inventory model
- jazz model
- large-scale model
- learning model
- linear model
- long-range transport model
- loss transfer model
- lot-size model
- low-volume model
- macrolevel model
- marketing model
- market split model
- master model
- mathematical model
- maximum reliability model
- migration model
- modern model
- multicommodity model
- multicontract bidding model
- multiechelon model
- multiplier model
- multiproduct model
- multisectoral model
- multistage model
- network model
- new model
- obsolete model
- one-commodity model
- one-product model
- open model
- out-of-date model
- planning model
- prediction model
- preference model
- price adjustment model
- price breaks model
- price speculation model
- probability model
- production model
- production scheduling model
- profitability model
- programming model
- queueing model
- reduced model
- reduced-scale model
- registered model
- replacement model
- return model
- sampling model
- scale model
- scheduling model
- service model
- shortage model
- shortest-route model
- simulation model
- single period model
- single product model
- single purchase model
- single-stage model
- software model
- statistical model
- stockage model
- storage model
- test model
- trade-cycle model
- traffic model
- transportation model
- transhipment model
- up-to-date model
- utility model
- working model
- model of export-driven growth
- modify a model
- test a model -
111 policy
n1) политика2) политика, линия поведения
- accounting policy
- additional policy
- adjustable policy
- adjustment policy
- aggressive working capital policy
- agricultural policy
- all loss or damage policy
- all risks policy
- anti-inflationary policy
- antirecession policy
- austere monetary policy
- balance-of-payments policy
- bank policy
- bearer policy
- blanket policy
- block policy
- borrowing policy
- budgetary policy
- business policy
- cargo policy
- clean policy
- commercial policy
- compensatory policy
- compensatory fiscal policy
- competition policy
- comprehensive policy
- comprehensive insurance policy
- consistent policy
- corporate policy
- credit policy
- currency policy
- customs policy
- declaration policy
- deflationary policy
- demand-side policy
- discount policy
- discretionary fiscal policy
- discriminatory policy
- disinflationary policy
- distributive policy
- dividend policy
- domestic policy
- dumping policy
- easy credit policy
- easy monetary policy
- easy money policy
- economic policy
- embargo policy
- endowment insurance policy
- equity-linked policies
- excess policy
- expansionary fiscal policy
- expectant policy
- expired insurance policy
- export policy
- export cargo insurance policy
- farm policy
- financial policy
- fire insurance policy
- first-loss policy
- fiscal policy
- fixed order policy
- fleet policy
- flexible policy
- floating policy
- foreign policy
- foreign economic policy
- foreign exchange policy
- foreign trade policy
- franchise policy
- free of particular average policy
- freight policy
- general policy
- general insurance policy
- goods policy
- government policy
- green policy
- group policy
- hands-off policy
- hands-on policy
- home policy
- immigration policy
- incomes policy
- increased value policy
- individual policy
- ineffective policy
- inflationary policy
- insurance policy
- interest policy
- interest rate policy
- internal policy
- international policy
- investment policy
- issuing policy
- judicial policy
- lapsed policy
- lending policy
- licence policy
- life policy
- life assurance policy
- life insurance policy
- loan policy
- long-standing policy
- loose monetary policy
- loss-of-profit policy
- management policy
- marine insurance policy
- market policy
- marketing policy
- master policy
- merchandising policy
- mixed policy
- monetary policy
- money supply policy
- named policy
- one-price policy
- open policy
- open market policy
- overall policy
- paid-up policy
- participating policy
- patent policy
- patent law policy
- personal accident policy
- population policy
- price policy
- price control policy
- price support policy
- pricing policy
- public policy
- real policy
- reinsurance policy
- replacement policy
- responsibility insurance policy
- restrictive policy
- restrictive credit policy
- retirement policy
- running policy
- safe policy
- sales policy
- service policy
- short-sighted policy
- short-term policy
- social policy
- sound financial policy
- stabilization policy
- speculation policy
- standard policy
- state policy
- state intervention policy
- stiff monetary policy
- supply-side policy
- tariff policy
- taxation policy
- ticket policy
- tight credit policy
- tight fiscal policy
- tight money policy
- time policy
- tough policy
- trade policy
- trading policy
- transport policy
- underwriting policy
- unvalued policy
- valued policy
- vessel policy
- void policy
- voidable policy
- voyage policy
- wage policy
- wait-and-see policy
- warranty policy
- whole life policy
- with-profits policy
- policy of boycott
- policy of containment
- policy of controlling prices
- policy of economy
- policy of free trade
- policy of insurance
- policy of marine insurance
- policy of regulating prices
- policy of reinsurance
- policy of sea insurance
- policy of standardization
- policy of temporization
- policy of trade expansion
- policy to bearer
- adopt a laissez-faire policy
- amend a policy
- borrow on a policy
- cancel a policy
- carry out a policy
- contest a policy
- dictate a policy
- effect a policy of insurance
- follow a policy
- formulate policies
- implement a policy
- issue a policy
- loosen monetary policy
- make out a policy
- pursue a policy
- reinstate a policy
- renew a policy
- rescind a policy
- reverse a policy
- revise a policy
- subscribe to a policy
- support a policy
- surrender a life insurance policy
- take out a policy
- tighten a fiscal policy
- underwrite a policyEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > policy
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112 level
• -
113 beat down
1) сбить, свалить с ног
2) жечь, палить (о солнце) The sun beat down mercilessly on the dry earth. ≈ Солнце безжалостно жгло сухую землю.
3) сбивать (цену) Competition should beat the price down. ≈ Цены должны упасть из-за конкуренции. Syn: knock down
5), knock off
2)
4) убедить кого-л. снизить цену The man was asking L5 for the dress, but I beat him down to L
4.
50. ≈ Продавец хотел за платье пять фунтов, но я сбил цену до четырех с половиной.
5) сломить (сопротивление, оппозицию)сбить;
свалить с ног, столкнуть прибить, повалить (градом, дождем) - the rain has beaten down the corn дождь побил хлеб ярко сиять;
палить (о солнце) - the sun beat down mercilessly солнце нещадно палило (разговорное) сбивать( цену) - to * a price сбивать цену - to beat a man down in price заставить кого-л. уступить в цене;
добиться скидки подавлять - to * all opposition подавить всякое сопротивлениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > beat down
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114 low-cost leadership
эк. ценовое лидерство за счет [на основе\] низких издержек [затрат\] (разновидность ценового лидерства, в котором один из олигополистов имеет положение ценового лидера по причине существенно более низких издержек производства, чем у других олигополистов)The main objective of low-cost leadership is to achieve lower overall costs than the competition and to attract customers by under pricing rivals.
See: -
115 product
сущ.1)а) эк. продукт, изделие, товар (предмет, созданный человеком, машиной или природой; чаще всего имеются в виду предметы, созданные с целью продажи); мн. продукцияfood products — продукты, продовольственные товары
high-quality product — товар высокого качества, высококачественный [первоклассный\] товар
premium quality [premium grade\] product — товар высшего сорта [качества\], товар класса премиум-класса
undiscounted products — товары, продаваемые без скидки
fairly-priced product — товар по приемлемой [справедливой\] цене
See:acceptable product, accessory product, actual product, adulterated product, advanced technology products, ageing product, agricultural product, alimentary products, allied products, all-meat product, alternative products, ancillary product, anonymous product, augmented product, bakery products 1), basic product, beauty product, best-selling product, business products, by-product 1), &3, capitalized product, captive product, characteristic product, 2), co-product, commercialized product, commodity product, common product, comparable products, competing products, competiting products, competitive product, competitive products, complementary products, complete product, complicated product, conforming product, consumer products, consumer durable product, convenience products, core product, crop products, custom-designed product, customized product, custom-made product, declining product, deficient product, dehydrated product, differentiated product, diminishing marginal product, disposable product, diversified products, DIY product, do-it-yourself product, domestic product, durable products, egg product, electronics products, end product 2), &3, energy-saving product, entrenched product, essential product, established product, ethical product, ethnic product, everyday product, exclusive product, export products, fair trade product, fairly traded product, fairtrade product, fighting product, final product 1), а&2, financial product, food products, foreign products, formal product, functional product, generic product, global product, green products, grooming product, hair-care product, half-finished product, harmful product, health product, hedonic product, heterogeneous product, high performance product, high quality product, high-interest product 1), high-involvement products, high-margin product, high-reliability product, high-risk product, high-tech product, high-turnover product, high-value product, home-grown product, home-produced product, homogeneous product, hot product, household cleaning product, household maintenance products, household product, hygiene product, imitative product, imperfect product, import products, import-sensitive products, impulse product, industrial product, inferior product, information product, innovative product, in-process product, intangible product, interlocking products, intermediate product, investigated product, joint product, key product, knowledge-intensive product, known product, laundry products, lead product, leading edge product, leisure products, leisure-time products, licensed product, line extension product, livestock product, low-interest product 1), low-involvement products, low-value product, luxury product, main product 2), &3, manufactured products, marginal physical product, marginal product, mature product, me-too product, metal product, misbranded product, multinational product, multiple-use product 2), mundane product, national product, necessary product, necessity product, new product, no-name product, nonconforming product, non-conforming product, non-durable products, nonfood products, non-standard product, novel product, office products, off-price product, off-standard product, oil products, one-shot product, optional product, over-engineered product, paper products, parity products, patentable product, patented product, patent-protected product, payment product, pension product, pharmaceutical product, physical product, plant products, potential product, premium product, prestige products, price-sensitive product, primary products, prime product, printed products, private brand products, private label products, processed product, qualified product, quality products, ready-made product, rejected product, related product, replacement product, representative product, retirement product, revenue product, revised product, safe product, saleable product, salutary product, satisfactory product, scarce product, second generation product, secondary product, semi-finished products, shoddy product, sideline product, single-use product, skill-intensive product, slow-moving product, social product, sophisticated product, standardized products, sugared product, superior product, supplementary products, surplus product, synthetic product, tainted products, tangible product, tied product, tied products, tinned products, tobacco products 1), tying products, unacceptable product, unbranded product, unidentified product, unpatented product, unsafe product, unsaleable product, unsatisfactory product, utilitarian product, vendible product, viable product, wanted product, well-designed product, worthwhile product, product acceptability, product acceptance, product adaptability, product adaptation, product addition, product advertising, product analysis, product announcement, product application, product area, product arsenal, product assessment, product association, product assortment, product assurance, product augmentation, product availability, product awareness, product benefit, product billing, product brand, product branding, product bundling, product capabilities, product category, product choice, product claim, product class, product classification, product company, product compatibility, product competition, product comprehension, product concept, product conception, product control, product copy, product cost, product costing, product coverage, product cycle, product decision, product deletion, product demand, product demonstration, product departmentalization, product design, product development, product differences, product differentiation, product display, product distribution network, product diversification, product division, product element, product elimination, product engineering, product enhancement, product evaluation, product evolution, product exchange, product exhaustion, product expansion, product extension, product failure, product family, product field, product flows, product form, product graduation, product group, product homogeneity, product idea, product image, product improvement, product inflation, product innovation, product inspection, product integrity, product introduction, product invention, product item, product knowledge, product label, product labelling, product layout, product leveraging, product liability, product life, product life cycle, product line, product lineup, product literature, product management, product manager, product manual, product market, product marketing, product matching, product message, product mix, product modification, product name, product nameplate, product offering, product opportunity, product organization, product orientation, product origin, product patent, product perception, product performance, product personality, product placement, product plan, product planner, product planning, product policy, product portfolio, product position, product positioning, product preference, product presentation, product price, product pricing, product profile, product proliferation, product promotion, product proof, product protection, product publicity, product puffery, product quality, product quantity, product range, product rationalization, product recall, product release, product requirements, product research, product research and development, product retailer, product revision, product revolution, product safety, product sales, product sample, product sampling, product satisfaction, product segment, product segmentation, product shortage, product specialization, product specifications, product standard, product statement, product strategy, product structure, product style, product styling, product subline, product superiority, product survey, product tangibility, product team, product technology, product test, product testimony, product testing, product trial, product type, product uniformity, product usage, product validation, product variation, product variety, product warranty, endorse a product, Central Product Classification, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing, debt-for-products swapб) эк. продукт, объем продукции ( количество произведенных товаров или услуг)company's product — продукция компании, товары компании
See:2) общ. результат, продукт (итог какой-л. деятельности)History is the product of social and economic forces. — История — это результат взаимодействия общественных и экономических факторов.
the product of this activity is radiation — в результате этой деятельности появляется радиация.
See:3) мат. произведение ( результат умножения двух чисел)
* * *
продукт, товар: что-либо производимое для продажи.* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * * -
116 policy
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117 рынок
муж.
1) market( - place) открытый рынок ≈ open-air market, open market мясной рынок ≈ meat market на рынке ≈ in the market 'блошиный рынок' ≈ flea market черный рынок ≈ black market
2) экон. market рынок облигаций ≈ bond market рынок недвижимости ≈ housing market рынок труда ≈ labour-market валютный рынок, денежный рынок ≈ money-marketрын|ок - м. market;
(место тж.) market-place;
внутренний ~ domestic market;
внешний ~ market of foreign trade;
~ капиталов capital( bond) market;
~ реального товара (рынок, на котором ведется торговля реальным товаром в противоположность фьючерсной бирже) cash market, spot market, physical market, actual market;
~ сбыта marketing outlet, sales market;
~ ссудного капитала loan market, loan capital market;
~ товаров commodity market;
~ чистой конкуренции market of pure competition;
~ ценных бумаг securities market;
~очный market attr. ;
~очная экономика market economy;
~очная игра market game;
~очная конъюнктура market condition;
изменение ~очной конъюнктуры turn in the market;
~очная стоимость (продажная цена, курс) market price (value) ;
~очная стратегия market strategy;
~очная торговля market trade;
~очная цена market price;
~очные фонды market funds;
~очный агент marketeer, marketer. -
118 advertising
сущ.1) рекл. реклама (совокупность каких-л. рекламных объявлений; обычно употребляется с указанием места, где размещается данная реклама)Over 60 percent of alcohol advertising [on television\] is shown during sports programming
Asian governments have attempted to limit excessive consumptions by instituting strict control over the content and amount of advertising in the media.
Advertising [on buses\] is one of the important advertising means to which companies and establishments attach great importance because this type of advertisement is a mobile one seen by all.
two-thirds of the food and drink advertising for children under 12 — две трети всей рекламы продуктов питания для детей младше 12-ти лет
Last month, 10 companies that produce almost two-thirds of the food and drink advertising [for children\] under 12 agreed to start cutting back on advertising junk foods.
No person shall within the city distribute [printed\] advertising by placing it within or upon parked automobiles.
2) рекл. реклама, рекламирование (процесс осуществления рекламы; как правило, употребляется с указанием рекламируемого продукта)Alcohol advertising is the promotion of alcoholic beverages by alcohol producers through a variety of media.
the control of medicines advertising in the UK — контроль за рекламой лекарств в Соединенном Королевстве
ATTRIBUTES: accessory 2. 1), advance 3. 2), aerial 3. 1), agricultural, air 2. 1),
alternative 2. 3), ambient 1. 1), audiovisual, auxiliary 2. 1), block 1. 4) а), boastful, broadcast 2. 1), n1, classified 1. 1), commercial 1. 4) а), comparative, competing 1. 1) а), competitive 1. 2) а), concept 1. 2) а), consumer 1. 1) а), continuity 1. 1) а), controversial 1. 1) а), cooperative 2. 1), n2, coordinated, corporate 1. 2) а), б, corrective 1. 1), creative, deceptive, demographic, denigratory, dissipative, domestic 1. 2) а),
foreign 1) б), global, professional 1. 3) б), regional, repeat 3. 3) б), strategic, superior 3. 1) б), test 3. 3) б), traditional
Syn:See:accessory advertising, advance advertising, advocacy advertising, aerial advertising, agricultural advertising, air advertising, aisle advertising, alternative advertising, ambient advertising, analogy advertising, association advertising, audiovisual advertising, auxiliary advertising, bait advertising, bait and switch advertising, bait-and-switch advertising, bank advertising, banner advertising, bargain advertising, bargain-basement advertising, block advertising, boastful advertising, brand advertising, brand image advertising, brand name advertising, breakthrough advertising, broadcast advertising, burst advertising, business advertising, business paper advertising, business publication advertising, business-to-business advertising, car-card advertising, cause advertising, challenged advertising, charity advertising, children's advertising, cinema advertising, classified advertising, combative advertising, commercial advertising, comparative advertising, comparison advertising, competing advertising, competitive advertising, concept advertising, consumer advertising, continuity advertising, controversial advertising, co-op advertising, cooperative advertising, coordinated advertising, corporate advertising, corporate image advertising, corrective advertising, counter advertising, counteradvertising, coupon advertising, creative advertising, deceptive advertising, demographic advertising, demonstration advertising, denigratory advertising, direct advertising, direct response advertising, direct-action advertising, direct mail advertising, direct-mail advertising, directory advertising, display advertising, dissipative advertising, domestic advertising, door-to-door advertising, educational advertising, electric advertising, electrical advertising, e-mail based advertising, entertaining advertising, ethical advertising, export advertising, eye-catching advertising, factual advertising, false advertising, farm advertising, fashion advertising, film advertising, financial advertising, flexform advertising, follow-up advertising, foreign advertising, fraudulent advertising, full-page advertising, gender advertising, general advertising, generic advertising, global advertising, goodwill advertising, group advertising, hard-sell advertising, hard-selling advertising, heavy advertising, help wanted advertising, high-pressure advertising, house advertising, house-to-house advertising, idea advertising, illuminated advertising, image advertising, impact advertising, indirect action advertising, indirect-action advertising, individual advertising, indoor advertising, industrial advertising, information advertising, informational advertising, informative advertising, in-house advertising, initial advertising, innovative advertising, institutional advertising, in-store advertising, insurance advertising, international advertising, interstate advertising, introductory advertising, intrusive advertising, issue advertising, joint advertising, large-scale advertising, launch advertising, legal advertising, local advertising, mail advertising, mail-order advertising, mass advertising, mass-media advertising, media advertising, military advertising, misleading advertising, mobile advertising, mood advertising, movie theatre advertising, multimedia advertising, multinational advertising, national advertising, non-business advertising, non-commercial advertising, novelty advertising, obtrusive advertising, offbeat advertising, off-season advertising, on-line advertising, on-target advertising, opinion advertising, oral advertising, outdoor advertising, out-of-home advertising, package advertising, periodical advertising, personality advertising, persuasive advertising, point-of-purchase advertising, point-of-sale advertising, political advertising, postal advertising, postcard advertising, poster advertising, postmark advertising, pre-launch advertising, premium advertising, press advertising, prestige advertising, price advertising, primary advertising, print advertising, private sector advertising, problem-solution advertising, procurement advertising, producer advertising, product advertising, product-comparison advertising, professional advertising, promotional advertising, public relations advertising, public sector advertising, public service advertising, public-affairs advertising, public interest advertising, public-issue advertising, public-service advertising, radio advertising, railway advertising, reason-why advertising, recruitment advertising, regional advertising, reinforcement advertising, remembrance advertising, reminder advertising, repeat advertising, retail advertising, retentive advertising, saturation advertising, scented advertising, screen advertising, seasonal advertising, selective advertising, self-advertising, semi-display advertising, show-window advertising, sky advertising, slide advertising, social advertising, social cause advertising, soft-sell advertising, specialty advertising, split-run advertising, spot advertising, store advertising, strategic advertising, street advertising, strip advertising, subliminal advertising, sustaining advertising, switch advertising, tactical advertising, target advertising, taxi top advertising, teaser advertising, television advertising, test advertising, testimonial advertising, tie-in advertising, tombstone advertising, total advertising, trade advertising, trademark advertising, traditional advertising, transformational advertising, transit advertising, transportation advertising, truthful advertising, truth-in-advertising, two-step formal advertising, unacceptable advertising, unfair advertising, untruthful advertising, visual advertising, vocational advertising, wall advertising, word-of-mouth advertising, written advertising, yellow pages advertising, advertising abuse, advertising action, advertising aids, advertising analysis а), advertising appeal, advertising approach, advertising audience, advertising awareness, advertising balance, advertising band, advertising believability, advertising break, advertising brochure, advertising catalogue, advertising circular, advertising claim 1) а), advertising clutter, advertising column, advertising communication, advertising competition 2) а), advertising copy, advertising coupon, advertising credibility, advertising cue, advertising decay, advertising deception, advertising device, advertising emphasis, advertising exaggeration, advertising exposure 2) а), advertising factor а), advertising film, advertising folder, advertising frequency, advertising gift, advertising gimmick, advertising handbill, advertising hoarding, advertising image, advertising impact, advertising impression, advertising influence, advertising insert, advertising intensity, advertising jingle, advertising label, advertising leaflet, advertising letter, advertising literature 1) а), advertising location, advertising magazine, advertising material, advertising matter, advertising media, advertising medium, advertising novelty, advertising operation 2) а), advertising page, advertising pamphlet, advertising panel, advertising penetration, advertising perception, advertising personality, advertising playback, advertising point, advertising posttest, advertising pretest, advertising puffery, advertising pylon, advertising race, advertising readership, advertising recall, advertising response, advertising retention, advertising sample, advertising section 2) а), advertising site, advertising slogan, advertising space, advertising specialty, advertising sponsorship, advertising spoof, advertising spot, advertising standards, advertising structure, advertising supplement, advertising test, advertising testing, advertising text, advertising threshold, advertising time, advertising vehicle, advertising wearout, advertising wedge, Canadian Code of Advertising Standards, Code of Advertising Practice, Defining Advertising goals for Measured Advertising Results, Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Code of Advertising Practice, ICC International Code of Environmental Advertising, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Standard Advertising Register, Standard Directory of Advertising Agencies, Standards of Practice of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Advertising Association, Advertising Association of the West, Advertising Checking Bureau, Advertising Club of New York, Advertising Council, Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc. 2), Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc.3) рекл. рекламное дело, рекламная деятельность, рекламный бизнес (реклама как вид деятельности безотносительно каких-л. конкретных продуктов; реклама как одна из функций организации)advertising counsellor [consultant\] — рекламный консультант, консультант по рекламе
advertising expert — рекламный эксперт, эксперт по рекламе
Syn:See:above-the-line advertising, below-the-line advertising, flat fee advertising, investment advertising, per inquiry advertising, advertising account, advertising activity, advertising agency, advertising agent, advertising agreement, advertising allowance, advertising analysis б), advertising appropriation, advertising assistant, advertising audit, advertising brief, advertising broker, advertising budget, advertising business, advertising campaign, advertising canvasser, advertising claim 2) б), advertising club, advertising code, advertising community, advertising company, advertising competition 1) б), advertising contract, advertising contractor, advertising control, advertising cooperative, advertising copywriting, advertising cost, advertising coverage, advertising customer, advertising department, advertising director, advertising directory, advertising drive, advertising effect, advertising effectiveness, advertising efficiency, advertising environment, advertising ethics, advertising exchange, advertising executive, advertising expenditures, advertising expenses, advertising exposure 1) б), &3, advertising factor б), advertising firm, advertising guide, advertising industry, advertising injury, advertising landscape, advertising legislation, advertising leverage, advertising liability, advertising linage, advertising literature 2) б), advertising man, advertising management, advertising manager, advertising method, advertising mix, advertising monopoly, advertising network, advertising objective, advertising office, advertising operation 1) б), advertising order, advertising outcome, advertising outlay, advertising output, advertising people, advertising performance, advertising personnel, advertising plan, advertising planner, advertising planning, advertising portfolio, advertising practice, advertising practitioner, advertising professional, advertising programme, advertising purpose, advertising rate, advertising register, advertising representative, advertising research, advertising restrictions, advertising sales agents, advertising schedule, advertising section 1) б), advertising self-regulation, advertising services, advertising specialist, advertising spending, advertising statistics, advertising strategy, advertising substantiation, advertising support, advertising talent, advertising theory, advertising value, advertising variable, advertising weight, media buy, copywriting, advertology
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реклама, рекламирование: использование печатных, теле-, радио- и иных посланий, оплаченных рекламодателем, для благоприятного воздействия на потенциальных покупателей товара или клиентов.* * *размещение объявлений; размещение рекламы; рекламирование. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *эмоционально окрашенная информация об основных характеристиках отдельных видов страхования и страховых операций с целью формирования устойчивого спроса на страховые услуги-----средство распространения информации и убеждения людей через прессу, телевидение, радиовещание, объявления, плакаты и другим образом -
119 buyer
сущ.1)а) марк. покупатель, приобретатель (человек, который покупает что-л. или намерен купить что-л., напр., товар, ценную бумагу и т. д.)gift buyer — покупатель подарков, даритель
buyer for Peruvian crafts: ponchos, sweaters, jackets — покупатель перуанских изделий: пончо, свитеров, курток
buyer for Chrysler — покупатель компании "Крайслер"
Government hoping for domestic buyer for Telecom Italia. — Правительственные упования на отечественного покупателя компании Telecom Italia.
a buyer from Filmways Inc. — покупатель из компании Filmways Inc.
ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 4) а), agricultural, average 2. 2) а), commercial 1. 1) а), common 1. 3) а), conditional 1. 1) а), current 1. 2) а), exclusive 1. 2) а), final 1. 1) а), former II 1. 1) а), ideal 2. 2) а), individual 1. 1) а), industrial 1. 1) а), а, infrequent 1. 1) а), irregular 1. 3) а), knowledgeable, medium 2. 2) а), moderate II 1. 1) а), organizational, potential, present I 2. 2) а), prospective 1. 2) а), qualified 1. 1) а), а, regular II 1. 1) а), n2, repeat I 3. 2) а), sovereign 2. 2) а), steady 1. 1) а), target I 3. 2) а), trade I 3. 2) а), n1, undisclosed 1. 1) а)
COMBS: at buyer's option, buyer in possession, buyers over, buyer's over, class of buyers, duties of the buyer, non-buyer reader
Syn:purchaser 1)See:active buyer, agricultural buyer, average buyer, bulk buyer, cash buyer, catalogue buyer, charge buyer, commercial buyer, common buyer, conditional buyer, credit buyer, current buyer, discriminating buyer, exclusive buyer, experienced buyer, final buyer, first time buyer, first-time buyer, former buyer, gift buyer, head buyer 2), heavy buyer, high-potential buyer, ideal buyer, impulse buyer, individual buyer, industrial buyer, infrequent buyer, instalment buyer, institutional buyer, irregular buyer, knowledgeable buyer, light buyer, list buyer, manufacturing buyer, marginal buyer, media buyer, medium buyer, moderate buyer, multiple buyer, one-time buyer, option buyer, order buyer, organizational buyer, potential buyer, premium buyer, present buyer, price-conscious buyer, print buyer, professional buyer 2), prospective buyer, qualified buyer, regular buyer, repeat buyer, resident buyer, sample buyer, slaughter buyer, sophisticated buyer, sovereign buyer, space buyer, specialist buyer, steady buyer, target buyer, time buyer, time-buyer, trade buyer, travelling buyer, trial buyer, buyer behaviour, buyer check, buyer' check, buyer cheque, buyer' cheque, buyer concentration, buyer credit, buyer decision process, buyer group, buyer needs, buyer readiness stage, buyer readiness stages, buyer readiness state, buyer readiness states, buyer wants, buyer's auction, buyers check, buyer's check, buyers cheque, buyer's cheque, buyers' competition, buyers' cooperative, buyer's credit, buyers' market, buyers office, buyer's option, buyer's price, buyers rate, buyers' rate, buyer's remorse, buyer's risk, buyer's surplus, buyer-up, Bond Buyerб) юр., торг., амер. покупатель (согласно Единообразному торговому кодексу США: лицо, которое покупает товары или вступает в договор о покупке товаров)See:в) эк. = bidder 2),2) торг. закупщик (сотрудник отдела снабжения магазина или другой организации, работа которого заключается в закупке товаров для этой организации)A sales representative for Makita offered Mr. McHale, then a buyer for Anderson Lumber company, a (C) tools than was available on Makita products. — Торговый представитель компании Makita предложил г-ну МакХейлу, в то время закупщику компании Anderson Lumber, инструменты категории (С), которые тогда имелись в ассортименте продукции компании Makita.
Syn:See:assistant buyer, art buyer, chief buyer, government buyer, grain buyer, head buyer 1), head tobacco buyer, lease buyer, professional buyer 1)
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покупатель: лицо, совершающее покупку товара, услуг, финансового инструмента; = purchaser.* * *покупатель; приобретатель; закупщик. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *1. работник отдела снабжения промышленной или торговой фирмы, ведающий закупками объект воздействия рекламы товаров промышленного назначения2. служащий отдела по работе со средствами распространения рекламы рекламного агентства, занимающийся покупкой эфирного времени или места в органах печати----- -
120 domestic support
эк. внутренняя поддержка (любые виды государственной поддержки отечественных производителей, включая государственное субсидирование, государственное гарантирование определенного уровня цен, предоставление налоговых льгот и т. д.)See:Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, government subsidy, amber box, red box, blue box, green box, government-subsidized competition, actionable subsidy, aggregate measure of support, price support, deficiency payment, export competition, product-specific support, non-product-specific support
См. также в других словарях:
price competition — ➔ competition * * * price competition UK US noun [U] ► ECONOMICS, MARKETING the situation in which companies try to sell their products or services at lower prices than similar products or services sold by other companies: »Intense price… … Financial and business terms
price competition — Competition based on the price at which a product or service is offered. It is especially important in the marketing of products that are not distinctive, such as raw materials. Because price wars reduce profits, sellers prefer other forms of… … Big dictionary of business and management
price competition — noun intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business (Freq. 3) • Syn: ↑price war • Hypernyms: ↑competition … Useful english dictionary
price competition — / praɪs kɒmpəˌtɪʃ(ə)n/ noun the attempt to compete in a market through skilful pricing … Marketing dictionary in english
Non-price competition — is a marketing strategy in which one firm tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of attributes like design and workmanship (McConnell Brue, 2002, p. 43.7 43.8). The firm can also distinguish its product… … Wikipedia
Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act — Acronym Hatch Waxman amendments Citations Codification … Wikipedia
price fixing — n. Conspiring with other individuals or companies in the same business to set prices instead of letting them be set by market forces, usually to restrict competition. The Essential Law Dictionary. Sphinx Publishing, An imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc … Law dictionary
Price war — is a term used in business to indicate a state of intense competitive rivalry accompanied by a multi lateral series of price reductions. One competitor will lower its price, then others will lower their prices to match. If one of the reactors… … Wikipedia
non-price competition — A form of competition in which two or more producers sell goods or services at the same price but compete to increase their share of the market by such measures as advertising, sales promotion campaigns, improving the quality of the product or… … Big dictionary of business and management
non-price competition — /nɒn praɪs kɒmpəˌtɪʃ(ə)n/ noun an attempt to compete in a market through other means than price such as quality of product and promotion … Marketing dictionary in english
price war — noun intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business • Syn: ↑price competition • Hypernyms: ↑competition * * * noun : a period of intensive industrial or commercial competition characterized by repeated price cutting… … Useful english dictionary