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101 दह्
dah
p. dáhati impf. ádahat;
aor. adhāk RV. II, 15, 4 ;
1. sg. - ksham MBh. VII ;
3. pl. - kskur Kathās. ;
Subj. dhāk RV. I, 158, 4 ;
2. sg. dhakshi IV, 4, 4 ;
p. dhákshat < alsoᅠ nom. m.>, VI, 3, 4 X, 91, 7 ;
dáhshat I, 130, 8 ;
fut. dhakshyati Pāṇ. 7-2, 10 Siddh. Kār. 6, MBh. ;
Pot. dhakshyet I, 8383 etc.;
dahishy-, I, 2120 BhP. IV Prasaṇg. XIX, 7 ;
inf. dagdhum) to burn, consume by fire, scorch roast RV. etc.;
to cauterise Suṡr. ;
to consume, destroy completely Mn. VII, 9 MBh. etc.. ;
to torment, torture, pain, distress, disturb, grieve MBh. etc.:
Pass. dahyate (- ti MānGṛ. II, 15 MBh. if., XIIf.);
to be burnt, burn, be in flames AV. Nir. etc.;
to be consumed by fire orᅠ destroyed Mn. VI, 71 ;
to be inflamed (a wound) Suṡr. I, 28 ;
to be consumed by internal heat orᅠ grief, suffer pain, be distressed orᅠ vexed MBh. etc.;
Caus. dāhayati to burn orᅠ be burned Mn. Yājñ. I, 89 MBh. etc.. ;
to cause to be cooked Hariv. 15523 (aor. pl. adīdahan):
Desid. didhakshati (cf. - kshā, - kshu)
to be about to burn orᅠ consume orᅠ destroy MBh. I-IV R. (p. - kshamāṇa):
Desid. Caus. (p. - kshayat) to cause any one to make efforts to burn Bhaṭṭ. III, 33:
Intens. dandahīti, - hyate (Pāṇ. 3-1, 24; 7-4, 86) ;
to burn orᅠ destroy completely Hariv. 8726 BhP. VI, 8, 21 ;
(Impv. - dagdhi) Ṡiṡ. Prasannar. VI, 32 and 48 ;
Ā. to be burnt completely Hariv. 7040 BhP. Pañcat. I, 8, 23/24 ;
+ cf. Lith. degú, I am hot;
Goth. dag-s;
Old Germ. tāh-t, « a wick»
2) mfn. « burning» seeᅠ uṡá-
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102 calza
f da donna stockingda uomo sockcalza elastica support stockingfare la calza knit* * *calza s.f.1 ( da uomo) sock; ( da donna) stocking: calza di cotone, cotton sock; calze lunghe, corte, long, short socks; mettersi, infilarsi le calze, to put one's socks on // calze elastiche, elastic (o support) stockings; calza di lana, woollen sock; un paio di calze di nailon, a pair of nylon stockings; venditore di calze, hosier3 ( lucignolo) wick4 pl. (ant.) hose [U].* * *[kal'tsa]sostantivo femminile1) (da donna) stocking-e — (collant) tights BE, pantie hose AE
2) (calzino da uomo) sock•la calza della Befana — = stocking to be filled with presents which is hanged by children at Epiphany, corresponding to the Christmas stocking
calza contenitiva — surgical stocking, support hose
- e di nylon — nylons
* * *calza/kal'tsa/ ⇒ 35sostantivo f.2 (calzino da uomo) sockla calza della Befana = stocking to be filled with presents which is hanged by children at Epiphany, corresponding to the Christmas stocking; calza contenitiva surgical stocking, support hose; calza velata sheer stocking; - e di nylon nylons; - e a rete fishnet stockings. -
103 lap
I noun(part of body) Schoß, derlive in the lap of luxury — (fig.) im Überfluss leben
II 1. nounfall into somebody's lap — (fig.) jemandem in den Schoß fallen; see also academic.ru/31573/god">god 1)
(Sport) Runde, die2. transitive verb,on the last lap — (fig. coll.) auf der Zielgeraden (fig.)
- pp-1) (Sport) überrunden2) (cause to overlap) überlappenIII 1. intransitive verb, 2. transitive verb,- pp-1) (drink)lap [up] — [auf]schlappen; [auf]schlecken
Phrasal Verbs:- lap up* * *I [læp] past tense, past participle - lapped; verb1) (to drink by licking with the tongue: The cat lapped milk from a saucer.) auflecken•- lap upII [læp] noun1) (the part from waist to knees of a person who is sitting: The baby was lying in its mother's lap.) der Schoß2) (one round of a racecourse or other competition track: The runners have completed five laps, with three still to run.) die Runde•- lap dog- the lap of luxury* * *[ˌeleɪˈpi:]* * *I [lp]nSchoß min or on her lap — auf dem/ihrem Schoß
his opponent's mistake dropped victory into his lap — durch den Fehler seines Gegners fiel ihm der Sieg in den Schoß
IIit's in the lap of the gods — es liegt im Schoß der Götter
1. nÜberlappung f2. vt(= overlap) überlappen3. visich überlappen IIIvt(= wrap) wickeln IV (SPORT)1. n(= round) Runde f; (fig = stage) Etappe f, Strecke f, Abschnitt mhis time for the first lap —
lap of honour (esp Brit) — Ehrenrunde f
we're on the last lap now (fig) — wir haben es bald geschafft
2. vtüberrunden3. vito lap at 90 mph —
Vhe's lapping at 58 seconds (athlete) — er läuft die Runde in einer Zeit von 58 Sekunden
1. n(= lick) Schlecken nt, Lecken nt; (of waves) Klatschen nt, Schlagen nt, Plätschern nt2. vt1) (= lick) lecken, schlecken2)3. vi(waves, water) plätschern (against an +acc), klatschen (against gegen)* * *lap1 [læp] ssit on sb’s lap;be in the lap of the gods im Schoß der Götter liegen;live in the lap of luxury ein Luxusleben führen, wie die Made im Speck leben umg2. (Kleider- etc) Zipfel mlap2 [læp]A v/t1. wickeln, falten ( beide:about, [a]round um)2. einhüllen, -schlagen, -wickeln ( alle:in in akk):lapped insulation Bandisolierung f3. fig einhüllen, umhüllen:be lapped in luxury von Luxus umgeben sein4. fig hegen, pflegen5. a) sich überlappend legen über (akk)b) Dachziegel etc überlappt anordnen6. hinausragen über (akk)7. Zimmerei: überlappen8. polieren, schleifen9. SPORTa) einen Gegner überrundenb) eine Strecke zurücklegen:B v/i1. sich winden, sich legen ( beide:about, [a]round um)3. sich überlappen4. SPORT die Runde zurücklegen:C s1. (einzelne) Windung, Lage f, Wick(e)lung f (einer Spule etc)2. Überlappung f3. übergreifende Kante, überstehender Teil, besondersa) Vorstoß m4. Überlappungsbreite f oder -länge f5. TECH Polier-, Schleifscheibe f6. TECHa) überwalzte Nahtb) Falte f (Oberflächenfehler)7. SPORT Runde f:lap of hono(u)r Ehrenrunde;a) in der letzten Runde sein,b) fig kurz vor dem Ziel stehen8. Abschnitt m, Etappe f (beide auch fig)lap3 [læp]A v/t2. lecken, schlecken:a) auflecken, -schlecken,she lapped it up es ging ihr runter wie ÖlB v/i plätschern:lap against → A 1C s1. Lecken n, Schlecken n:2. Plätschern n3. umg labb(e)riges Zeug* * *I noun(part of body) Schoß, derlive in the lap of luxury — (fig.) im Überfluss leben
II 1. nounfall into somebody's lap — (fig.) jemandem in den Schoß fallen; see also god 1)
(Sport) Runde, die2. transitive verb,on the last lap — (fig. coll.) auf der Zielgeraden (fig.)
- pp-1) (Sport) überrunden2) (cause to overlap) überlappenIII 1. intransitive verb, 2. transitive verb,- pp-1) (drink)lap [up] — [auf]schlappen; [auf]schlecken
Phrasal Verbs:- lap up* * *n.Schoß ¨-e m. -
104 twine
1. noun 2. transitive verb1) (form by twisting strands together) [zusammen]drehen2) (form by interlacing) winden (geh.) [Kranz, Girlande]3. intransitive verbsich winden (about, around um)* * *1. noun(a strong kind of string made of twisted threads: He tied the parcel with twine.) die Schnur2. verb* * *[twaɪn]II. vt▪ to \twine sth together etw ineinanderschlingen, etw umeinanderschlingen* * *[twaɪn]1. nSchnur f, Bindfaden m2. vtwindento twine one's arms (a)round sb — seine Arme um jdn schlingen
3. vi(around um +acc) sich winden; (plants also) sich ranken* * *twine [twaın]A s1. starker Bindfaden, Schnur f2. TECH (gezwirntes) Garn, Zwirn m3. Wick(e)lung f4. Windung f5. Geflecht n, Verschlingung f, Knäuel m/n6. BOT Ranke fB v/t2. Blumen, einen Kranz etc winden, binden3. fig ineinanderschlingen, verflechten, -weben4. schlingen, winden ( beide:round um)5. umschlingen, umwinden, umranken ( alle:with mit)C v/i1. sich verflechten ( with mit)2. sich winden ( round um)3. BOT sich (empor)ranken* * *1. nounBindfaden, der; (thicker) Kordel, die; (for nets) Garn, das2. transitive verb1) (form by twisting strands together) [zusammen]drehen2) (form by interlacing) winden (geh.) [Kranz, Girlande]3. intransitive verbsich winden (about, around um)* * *v.zwirnen v. n. -
105 wicked
1. adjective1) (evil) böse; schlecht [Charakter, Person, Welt]; niederträchtig [Gedanken, Plan, Verhalten]; schändlich [Gesetz, Buch]the wicked villain — der Schurke; der Bösewicht (veralt.)
it was wicked of you to torment the poor cat — es war gemein von dir, die arme Katze zu quälen
2) (vicious) boshaft [Zunge]2. plural nounit's wicked how he's been treated — wie man ihn behandelt hat, das schreit zum Himmel
* * *['wikid]- academic.ru/93760/wickedly">wickedly- wickedness* * *wick·ed[ˈwɪkɪd]I. adj<-er, -est or more \wicked, most \wicked>1. (evil) böseto have a \wicked sense of humour einen beißenden Humor haben\wicked-looking verführerisch aussehend3. (likely to cause pain) gefährlich4. (very bad) cough schlimmII. n pl▪ the \wicked die Bösen pl* * *['wIkɪd]adjthat was a wicked thing to do — das war aber gemein or böse or niederträchtig (von dir/ihm etc)
it's wicked to tell lies/swear — Lügen/Fluchen ist hässlich
2) (= vicious) böse; weapon gemein (inf), niederträchtig, heimtückisch; satire boshaft; blow, frost, wind, weather gemein (inf), bösehe has a wicked temper — er ist unbeherrscht or aufbrausend or jähzornig
3) (= mischievous) smile, look, grin frech, boshaftI've just had a wicked idea — mir fällt (gerade) was Tolles (inf) or (practical joke) ein guter Streich ein
it's wicked what they charge — es ist hanebüchen (inf) or unverschämt or nicht mehr feierlich (inf), was sie verlangen
5) (sl: very good) geil (sl)* * *wicked [ˈwıkıd]A adj (adv wickedly)1. böse, gottlos, schlecht, verrucht:2. a) böse, schlimm (ungezogen)b) schalkhaft3. umg böse, schlimm (Schmerz, Wunde etc)4. bösartig (auch Tier), boshaft:wicked stepmother böse Stiefmutter (besonders im Märchen);wicked witch böse Hexe5. gemein, niederträchtig, tückisch6. sl toll, super* * *1. adjective1) (evil) böse; schlecht [Charakter, Person, Welt]; niederträchtig [Gedanken, Plan, Verhalten]; schändlich [Gesetz, Buch]the wicked villain — der Schurke; der Bösewicht (veralt.)
it was wicked of you to torment the poor cat — es war gemein von dir, die arme Katze zu quälen
2) (vicious) boshaft [Zunge]2. plural nounit's wicked how he's been treated — wie man ihn behandelt hat, das schreit zum Himmel
* * *adj.schlimm adj. -
106 wicket
nounat the wicket — [als Schlagmann] auf dem Spielfeld
keep wicket — als Torwächter spielen
* * *['wikit]1) (a hoop through which the balls are driven in the game of croquet or at which the ball is bowled in cricket.) das Tor2) (the ground between two sets of these rods: The wicket has dried out well.) das Spielfeld3) (the ending of a batsman's period of batting: They scored fifty runs for (the loss of) one wicket.) ein (etc.) Schläger, der noch nicht geschlagen hat•- academic.ru/114550/wicket-keeper">wicket-keeper* * *wick·et[ˈwɪkɪt]n BRIT5.* * *['wIkɪt]nthree wickets fell before lunch — es gab drei Wicketwürfe vor der Mittagspause
See:→ sticky3) (US: croquet hoop) Tor nt* * *wicket [ˈwıkıt] s2. (meist vergittertes) Schalterfenster* * *nounat the wicket — [als Schlagmann] auf dem Spielfeld
* * *(kiln) door expr.die zugemauert wird ausdr. (kiln) door n.Ofentür -en f. n.Törchen - n. -
107 trim down
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108 Entwicklung
Ent·wick·lung <-, -en> f1) ( das Entwickeln) development;in der \Entwicklung in one's [or during] adolescence3) foto development, processing4) ( das Vorankommen) progress, progression;die \Entwicklung der Verhandlungen wird positiv beurteilt the negotiations are judged to be progressing positivelydie \Entwicklung eines Landes the development of a countrydie \Entwicklung entzündlicher Flüssigkeiten the production of inflammable liquids7) ökon, pol trend;eine rückläufige \Entwicklung der Arbeitslosenzahlen a falling trend in unemployment figures -
109 Lockenwickler
Lo·cken·wick·ler <-s, -> m[hair] curler [or roller];die Haare auf \Lockenwickler drehen to put one's hair in curlers [or rollers] -
110 wicked
1. adjective1) злой; нехороший; безнравственный; испорченный2) грешный; нечистый; the wicked one нечистый, дьявол, сатана3) озорной, шаловливый, плутовской4) свирепый (о животном)5) опасный (о ране, ударе и т. п.)6) неприятный, противный (о запахе и т. п.)Syn:depraved2. noun(the wicked) (pl.; collect.) нечестивцы* * *(a) безнравственный; злой* * *злой, плохой* * *[wick·ed || 'wɪkɪd] adj. злой, безнравственный, испорченный; шаловливый, плутовской, озорной; опасный; неприятный, противный; грешный, нечистый* * *беспутенбеспутныйдурнойзлизлойнедобрнедобрыйплохойскверныйслей* * *1. прил. 1) злой 2) грешный 3) озорной 4) страшный 5) гибельный 2. сущ. (the wicked) мн.; коллект. нечестивцы -
111 doj|eść
pf — doj|adać impf (dojem, dojesz, dojadł, dojadła, dojedli — dojadam) Ⅰ vt (zjeść do końca) to finish (off eating)- już idę, tylko dojem kanapkę I’m coming, I’ll just finish my sandwich- dojeść śniadanie to finish (off) one’s breakfast- dojedli resztki z talerzy they finished off a. ate up the leftovers on the platesⅡ vi 1. (zjeść dodatkowo) to eat (some) more- dojadać między posiłkami to eat between meals2. (nasycić się) to eat enough- nie dojadać to be hungry3. (dokuczyć) to taunt, to needle (komuś sb) pot.- kiedy mu dojadano, milczał when they taunted him he remained silent- dojadali sobie wzajemnie they taunted each other- dojadł mi wczoraj do żywego he really got on my wick yesterday pot.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > doj|eść
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112 nerf
n. m.1. Avoir les nerfs à cran (also: avoir lei nerfs en boule or en pelote): To be 'all on edge', to be extremely tense. Tout ça m'a mis les nerfs a cran: This whole business has made me really uptight.2. Porter sur les nerfs à quelqu'un: To 'get on someone's wick', to irritate and make angry. Tu commences à me porter sur les nerfs! I'm getting rather tired of you!3. Y mettre du nerf: To 'put some vim into it', to get some zest into whatever one is doing. (This expression is practically always found in the second person singular or plural of the imperative. Mets-y du nerf, bon sang! For Pete's sake, get a move on!)4. Le nerf de la guerre: 'Loot', 'brass', money (literally what makes war-mongering financially possible).5. Ne pas avoir un nerf: To be 'skint', to be penniless. (Unlike the previous entry for this word, the reference is to 'argent monnayé', i.e. real money in notes and coins, and the word is pronounced nerffe.) -
113 porter
I.v. trans. En porter (also: porter des cornes): To be a cuckold, to have an unfaithful wife.II.v. intrans.1. Porter sur les nerfs à quelqu'un: To 'get on someone's wick', to 'aggravate', to be irritating to someone.2. Porter à droite, à gauche: To 'dress' on the right, on the left. ( Porter à gauche can also have the meaning: To be a randy so-and-so. Why the way in which a man wears his trousers should have a bearing on his sexuality is a mystery.)III.v. pronom. Un/ une¼ qui se porte bien: A rare old¼Recevoir un savon qui se porte bien: To get a telling-off one won't forget in a hurry. -
114 taper
I.v. trans.1. To 'tap', to 'touch' someone for a sub, to cadge money off someone.2. Taper une lettre: To 'tap out', to type a letter.3. Taper des talbins: To print counterfeit money.4. Taper une belote: To have a game of belote. (The expression is true to reality; this game of cards full of French histrionics gives a deck of cards a tough time.)II.v. intrans.1. Taper sur: To 'pitch into', to 'lam into', to go for someone with fists flying.2. Taper sur les nerfs (also: sur le système) à quelqu'un: To 'get on someone's wick', to be a real nuisance to someone.a To make an impression on someone.b To 'click' with someone of the opposite sex.4. Taper aux fafs (pol.): To ask for I.D. papers, to request identification documents.5. Ça tape! It's fair blazing down! We've got some super sunshine!6. Taper le 180 km./h. (of car): To top 100 m.p.h. easily.7. Taper de: To 'pong', to stink, to smell foul. Il tape des panards que c'en est affreux! His feet smell something rotten!III.v. pronom.a To have to do something unpleasant. C'est encore moi qui dois me taper la vaisselle! I can see it'll be muggins who does the washing-up again!b To treat oneself to something nice. On s'est tapé un gueuleton tout ce qu'il y a de meumeu! We had ourselves a super nosh! Je me taperais bien cette nana! I wouldn't mind laying that chick!a Not to 'give a fuck', not to 'care a rap' about something. Ses histoires de nanas, je m'en tape royalement! I don't give a fig about his goings-on with women!b To have to do without something.3. Se taper le cul par terre: To 'laugh oneself silly', to be overcome by mirth.4. Se taper la colonne: To 'pull one's wire', to 'wank', to masturbate. -
115 ἀπομύσσω
A wipe the nose,ῥῖνα AP11.268
;σεαυτόν Arr.Epict.1.6.30
:—[voice] Med., blow one's nose, Ar.Eq. 910, X.Cyr.1.2.16, Thphr.Char.19.4, AP7.134, etc.;ὑδατώδη ἀ. Arist.Pr. 897a31
; βραχίονι, ἀγκῶνιἀ., Plu.2.631d, D.L.4.46.2 [voice] Pass., to be wiped clean, i.e. cheated,γέρων ἀπεμέμυκτ' ἄθλιος Men.493
([voice] Act. in Hsch.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπομύσσω
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116 μύκης
μύκης, - ητοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `mushroom', also metaph., e.g. `mushroomlike excrescence, any knobber round body, cab or cap at the end of a scabbard, snuff of a lamp-wick, membrum virile' (IA.).Derivatives: μυκήτ-ινος `made of mushrooms' (Luc.), μυκόομαι `become like a mushroom, spongy' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation in - η(τ)- (Schwyzer 462 u. 499) from a noun, which may be found in Lat. mūcus `snivel, mucus of the nose'; on the meaning cf. Slav., e.g. Sloven. glíva `agaric' to Lith. gleĩvės `slime' etc. (Schulze KZ 45, 189 = Kl. Schr. 619); further s. μύσσομαι. -- Diff. (hesitating) Strömberg Pflanzennamen 28: from μῦς `mouse' because of the grey colour as Fr. gris souris name of a mushroom. But μύκης is not only a grey mushroom, and its formation is unclear. Fur. 298 thinks correctly that the meanings of this word cannot be all explained from a derivation from μύσσομαι `snuff, blow one's nose' and assumes a basic meaning `prominent, extremity'. He connects the word with μύσκλοι οἱ πυθμένες τῶν ξηρῶν σύκων Η, which implies that the word is Pre-Greek. On the suffix - ης, - ητος (in Pre-Greek) s. p. 172 n. 118.Page in Frisk: 2,267Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύκης
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117 match
A n1 Sport match m (against contre ; between entre) ;2 ( for lighting fire) allumette f ; a box/book of matches une boîte/pochette d'allumettes ; to put ou set a match to sth mettre le feu à qch ; (have you) got a match ○ ? tu as du feu? ;3 (equal, challenger) to be a match for sb être un adversaire à la mesure de qn ; to be no match for sb être trop faible pour qn ; to meet one's match trouver quelqu'un à sa hauteur ; he's met his match in her avec elle, il a trouvé quelqu'un à qui se mesurer ; to be more than a match for sb surpasser qn ;4 ( thing that harmonizes or corresponds) to be a good match for sth [shoes, curtains, colour] aller très bien avec qch ; those two cushions are a good match ces deux coussins vont bien ensemble ; I couldn't find an exact match for the broken cup je n'ai pas pu trouver de tasse exactement pareille à celle qui avait été cassée ; the blood sample is a perfect match with that found at the scene of the crime l'échantillon de sang correspond parfaitement au sang trouvé sur les lieux du crime ;5 ( marriage) union f, mariage m ; to make a good match épouser un bon parti ; to be a good match for sb être un bon parti pour qn ;6 ( wick on explosive) mèche f.B vtr1 (correspond to, harmonize with) [colour, bag, socks] être assorti à ; [blood type, sample, bone marrow] correspondre à ; [product, outcome, supply] répondre à [demand, expectations] ; [item, word] correspondre à [definition, description] ; her talent did not match her mother's ambitions son talent n'était pas à la hauteur des ambitions de sa mère ; his job ideally matches his interests son travail correspond parfaitement à ses goûts ;2 ( compete with or equal) égaler [record, achievements] ; we will match our competitors' prices nous alignerons nos prix sur ceux de la concurrence ; the government will match your donation dollar for dollar le gouvernement donnera la même somme que vous au dollar près ; his wit cannot be matched il a une intelligence hors pair ; she more than matched him in aggression elle le valait bien sur le plan de l'agressivité ; he is to be matched against the world champion on a organisé une rencontre entre lui et le champion du monde ; when it comes to cheating there's nobody to match him pour ce qui est de tricher il n'y en a pas deux comme lui ;3 ( find a match for) to match sb with compatible people trouver les personnes avec lesquelles qn peut s'entendre ; to match trainees with companies mettre en rapport des stagiaires avec des sociétés ; to match a wire to the correct terminal raccorder un fil à la borne qui convient ; to match (up) the names to the photos trouver les noms qui correspondent aux photos.C vi [colours, clothes, curtains] être assortis/-ies ; [components, pieces] aller ensemble ; that button doesn't match ce bouton n'est pas identique aux autres ; a set of matching luggage un ensemble de bagages assortis ; with gloves to match, with matching gloves avec des gants assortis.■ match up:▶ match up [pieces, bits] aller ensemble ;▶ match up [sth], match [sth] up ajuster [pieces, sides, bits] ; to match up to être à la hauteur de [expectation, hopes, reputation]. -
118 trim
A n1 ( cut) ( of hair) coupe f d'entretien ; ( of hedge) taille f ; to have a trim se faire faire une coupe d'entretien ; to give sb ou sb's hair a trim faire une coupe d'entretien à qn ; to give one's beard a trim se tailler la barbe ; to give the lawn a trim tondre l'herbe ; the hedge needs a trim la haie a besoin d'être taillée ;2 ( good condition) to be in (good) trim être en bonne forme physique ; to keep oneself in trim se maintenir en bonne forme physique ; to get the garden in trim mettre le jardin en état ;3 ( border) ( on clothing) bordure f ; ( of braid) galon m ; ( on woodwork) moulure f ; (on furniture, work surface) baguette f ; ( on soft furnishings) frange f ;4 Aut finition f ; exterior trim finition f extérieure ; interior trim garniture f intérieure ; side trim baguette f de protection ;B adj1 ( neat) [appearance, garden, person] soigné ; [boat, house] en bon état ; [outline] net/nette ; to be neat and trim être très soigné ;1 ( cut) couper [branch, hair, grass, material, paper] ; tailler [beard, moustache, hedge] ; tondre [lawn] ; émarger [page] ; ébouter [wood] ; to trim (the wick of) a lamp moucher (la mèche d')une lampe ;2 ( reduce) réduire [budget, expenditure, workforce] (by de) ; raccourcir [article, speech] (by de) ; to trim 5% off the budget réduire le budget de 5% ;4 ( decorate) décorer [tree, furniture] (in en ; with avec) ; border [dress, curtain, handkerchief] (with de) ;6 ( modify) ajuster [opinion, utterances].■ trim away, trim off:▶ trim away [sth], trim [sth] away tailler [hair, fabric, branches] ; enlever [fat].■ trim down:▶ trim down [sth] réduire [budget, spending, workforce] ; réviser [qch] à la baisse [estimate, plans]. -
119 Bain, Alexander
[br]b. October 1810 Watten, Scotlandd. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).[br]Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.[br]Bibliography1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles andMechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).Further ReadingThe best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).See also: Bakewell, Frederick C.DV / KF -
120 הבהב I
הִבְהֵבI (Pilp. of הבב to glow; cmp. הבל) 1) to Singe, parch. Y.Maasr.IV, beg., 51a המְהַבְהֵב שיבולין באור if one parches ears over the fire; Tosef. ib. III, 1 המה׳ בשדהוכ׳ (sub. שיבולין). Men.X, 66a). Bets.34a. Sabb.II, 3 ולא הִבְהֲבָהּ and did not singe it (to prepare it for a wick).Snh.37a is it possible for fire to be in contact with flax ואינה מְהַבְהֶבֶת and not to singe?Part. pass. מְהוּבְהָב lightly roasted. Y. ib. VIII, beg., 26a. 2) to be like coals giving heat without flame; to nod consent without showing anxiety. Ber.34a שנים מהבהב (Y. ib. V, 9c bot. מעמעם) if asked a second time, he must not consent Nithpa. נִתְהַבְהֵב to be affected by flames. Yoma 41b נ׳ הלשון if the band caught fire.
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