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  • 1 σκότος

    σκότος, ους, τό (as a masc. word Hom. et al. and so in the Attic writers [EFraenkel, ZVS 43, 1910, 195ff; σκότος and φῶς], as well as Jos., Ant. 19, 216; 217; as a neut. Pind. et al. and H. Gk. gener., also in LXX [Thackeray p. 159]; pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 140, Ant. 1, 27; apolog.; PWarr 21, 25; 30 [III A.D.].—B-D-F §51, 2; Mlt-H. 127. Only in Hb 12:18 does ὁ σκ. appear as a v.l. in the t.r.) ‘darkness’
    ① darkness, gloom, lit., of the darkness in the depths of the sea B 10:10. Of dark clouds ApcPt 10:25. Of the darkening of the sun (σκότος at the death of Aeschyl., acc. to Aristoph.: Ael. Aristid. 32, 32 K.=12 p. 145 D. At the death of Alexander ἐγένετο σκότος: Ps.-Callisth. 3, 33, 26. Others HUsener, RhM n.s. 55, 1900, 286f) Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44; GPt 5:15; Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4: here σκ. means ‘bearer of darkness’; s. 4, end). Of the darkness of chaos (Gen 1:2; Mel., P. 82, 611; Theoph. Ant. 1, 6 [p. 70, 19]) 2 Cor 4:6. Of the darkness of nonexistence 1 Cl 38:3 (Sb 8960, 19 [grave-epigram I B.C.] σκότους πύλας); JosAs 8:10 ἀπὸ τοῦ σκότους εἰς τὸ φῶς). Of the darkness of the place of punishment far removed fr. the heavenly kingdom (Philo, Exsecr. 152 βαθὺ σκότος. Cp. Wsd 17:20; PsSol 14:9.—σκ. κ. βόρβορος ‘gloom and muck’ await those who are untrue to the Eleusinian Mysteries, Ael. Aristid. 22, 10 K.=19 p. 421 D. Of the darkness of death and the underworld in Hom. and the Trag. As the domain of evil spirits PGM 36, 138; Theoph. Ant. 2, 7 [p. 110, 5]) τὸ σκ. τὸ ἐξώτερον the darkness outside Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30 (also ApcEsdr 4:37 p. 29, 16 Tdf.; cp. Vi. Aesopi W 31 P., where Aesop advises a man: ῥῖψον αὐτὴν [his wife] εἰς τὸ σκότος.—RTaylor, Theology 33, ’42, 277–83). Also ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους (ζόφος 2) 2 Pt 2:17; Jd 13.—Of the darkness in which the blind live (Soph., Oed. R. 419; Eur., Phoen. 377; 1534; Dt 28:29) w. ἀχλύς (q.v. 1) Ac 13:11. [διὰ τὸ] σκότος ἀφα̣[νής] unnoticed because of the darkness AcPl Ha 3, 27 (other restorations suggested in app.).
    ② the state of being unknown, darkness, fig. τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους the things that are hidden in darkness and therefore are known to nobody 1 Cor 4:5.
    ③ the state of spiritual or moral darkness, darkness, of darkening by sin, of the state of unbelievers and of the godless, opp. φῶς (Herm. Wr. 7, 2a; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 101, Somn. 2, 39; TestLevi 19:1; TestNapht 2:10; OdeSol 11:19; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 22 [Stone p. 70]; TestJob 43:6; JosAs 15:13; Mel., P. 68, 491; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 67, 6.—S. σκότος as gnostic term Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 2]; Hippol., Ref. 10, 16, 4) Mt 4:16 (Is 9:1; s. σκοτία); 6:23b; J 3:19; Ac 26:18; Ro 2:19; 2 Cor 6:14; 1 Th 5:4f; 1 Pt 2:9; 1J 1:6; 1 Cl 59:2; B 14:7 (Is 42:7); 18:1; AcPl Ha 8, 32/BMM verso 4. Opp. δικαιοσύνη B 5:4. Cp. 14:5f. W. σκιὰ θανάτου (σκιά 2b) Lk 1:79 (schol. on Soph., El. 1079 p. 149 P. ἐν σκότει γενέσθαι τ. θανάτου. For σκότος=darkness of death cp. Plut., Mor. 296ab, an oath ‘by the σκότος near the oak tree, where the men of Priene had been killed in such great numbers’; s. also New Docs 4, 149).—Sins are τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους Ro 13:12; Eph 5:11.—On ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους Lk 22:53; Col 1:13 s. ἐξουσία 6. On οἱ κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους τούτου Eph 6:12 s. κοσμοκράτωρ.—In a related sense, and in contrast to φῶς, σκότος has the sense
    ④ bearer/victim/instrument of darkness Mt 6:23a; Lk 11:35; Eph 5:8 (s. KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 339f [Qumran]). S. also 3 above.—B. 61. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σκότος

  • 2 σκότος

    σκότος, ὁ, more rarely [full] σκότος, εος, τό (v. sub fin.),
    A darkness, gloom, Od.19.389, Emp.121.4, Pi.Fr. 142, etc.; opp. φάος, A.Ch. 319 (lyr.), E.Hipp. 417, etc.; opp. ἡμέρα, Pl.Def. 411b.
    2 in Il. always of the darkness of death, mostly in phrase

    τὸν δὲ σ. ὄσσε κάλυψεν 4.461

    , al.;

    στυγερὸς δ' ἄρα μιν σ. εἷλεν 5.47

    , 13.672; so in Trag. and Com.,

    σκότῳ θανεῖν E.Hipp. 837

     (lyr.); ἤδη με περιβάλλει ς. Id.Ph. 1453;

    σ. γίγνεται Pherecr.40

    ; σκότον εἶναι τεθνηκότος (sc. Αἰσχύλου) Ar.Fr. 643.
    3 of the nether world, Pi.Fr. 130;

    σκότον νέμονται Τάρταρόν τε A.Eu.72

    , cf. Pers. 223;

    τὸν ἀεὶ κατὰ γᾶς σ. εἱμένος S.OC 1701

     (lyr.); παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου ib. 106;

    ἰὼ σ., ἐμὸν φάος Id.Aj. 394

     (lyr.);

    γῆς σκότῳ κέκρυπται E.Hel.62

    ;

    σκότου πύλαι Id.Hec.1

    .
    5 of blindness,

    σκότου νέφος S.OT 1313

     (lyr.); ὁθούνεκ'.. ἐν σκότῳ.. ὀψοίατο, i.e. οὐκέτι ὀψοίατο, ib. 1273; βλέποντα νῦν μὲν ὄρθ', ἔπειτα δὲ σκότον, i.e. μηδέν, ib. 419;

    σκότον δεδορκώς E.Ph. 377

    , cf. HF 563.
    b dizziness, vertigo, Hp.Epid. 5.23;

    σκότοι πρὸ τῶν ὀμμάτων Arist.HA 584a3

    ; cf. σκοτόδινος, -δινιάω.
    6 metaph., σκότῳ κρύπτειν hide in darkness, S.El. 1396 (lyr.), cf. Pi.Frr.42.5, 228; σκότον ἔχειν to be in darkness, obscurity, Id.N.7.13, E.Fr.1052.8; ἀπορία καὶ ς. Pl.Lg. 837a;

    περικαλύψαι τοῖσι πράγμασι σκότον E. Ion 1522

    : with Preps., διὰ σκότους ἡ ὁδός it is dark and uncertain, X.An.2.5.9;

    ἐν σ. καθήμενος Pi.O.1.83

    ;

    μηδὲν ἐν σ. τεχνωμένων S.Ant. 494

    ;

    κατὰ σκότον Id.Ph. 578

    ;

    ὑπὸ σκότου Id.Ant. 692

    , E.Or. 1457 (lyr.), X.Cyr.4.6.4;

    ὑπὸ σκότῳ A.Ag. 1030

     (lyr.), E.Ph. 1214.
    7 of a person, Μητρότιμος ὁ σ., like ὁ σκοτεινός, the mystery-man, Hippon.78; also, darkness, i.e. ignorance, D.19.226; deceit,

    σ. καὶ ἀπάτη Pl.Lg. 864c

    .
    8 pl., σκότη shadows in a picture, Paus.Gr.Fr.300, Suid. s.v. ἀπεσκοτωμένα, Eust.953.51.—Ael.Dion. Fr. 217 regarded the masc. as the [dialect] Att. form: the neut. never occurs in Ar., and is nowhere required by the metre in Trag., though it sts. occurs in codd., E.Hec. 831, HF 1159, Fr. 534, v.l. in S.OC40, dub. l. in A.Fr.6; it is found, however, without v.l., in Pi.Fr.42.5 and [dialect] Att. Prose, Pl.R. 516e, Cra. 418c, D.18.159, etc.; also in Hdt.2.121. έ, X.An.2.5.9, 7.4.18; the word is always neut. in LXX and NT.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σκότος

  • 3 απαμαυρώσει

    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)
    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: fut ind mid 2nd sg
    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: fut ind act 3rd sg
    ἀ̱παμαυρώσει, ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: futperf ind mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)
    ἀ̱παμαυρώσει, ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: futperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > απαμαυρώσει

  • 4 ἀπαμαυρώσει

    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)
    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: fut ind mid 2nd sg
    ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: fut ind act 3rd sg
    ἀ̱παμαυρώσει, ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: futperf ind mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)
    ἀ̱παμαυρώσει, ἀπαμαυρόω
    remove darkness: futperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀπαμαυρώσει

  • 5 σκότος

    Grammatical information: m.,
    Meaning: `darkness, dark', also of the dark before the eyes = `swindle' (Il.).
    Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after φῶς a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)
    Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σκοτο-μήν-ιος "having the moon in the dark", `moon-darkness, moonless', adjunct of νύξ (ξ 457), univerbation of σκότος and μήν(η); besides the abstract σκοτο-μην-ία f. `moonlessnes, moonless night' (hell.), also σκοτο-μήνη `id.' (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in - αινα) σκοτό-μαινα f. `id.' (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further σκοτο-διν-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `swindle' (Hp., Pl.) with - δινιάω (Ar., Pl.); also - δινος m. `id.' (Hp.; after δῖνος); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.
    Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. σκότιος `dark, secretly, illegitimate', in Crete also = ἄνηβος (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this σκοτίας δραπέτης H. 2. σκοτ-αῖος `in the dark, dark' (IA.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. - εινός `darkness' (A.; after φαεινός a. o.) with - εινότης f. (Pl.), - εινῶδες H. s. νυθῶδες. 4. - όεις `id.' (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28f.); Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α (- όεσσα) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. - ώδης `dark, dizzy' (IA.) with - ωδία f. (late). 6. - ερός `dark' (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. σκοτία f. = σκότος (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to σκότιος as e.g. ὁσία: ὅσιος?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. σκοταρία ζόφος. Άχαιοί H. 3. Σκοτίτας m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. Σκοτία (- ιά) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. σκοτόομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, συν-, `it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken' (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with σκότ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late). 2. ἐπι-σκοτ-έω `to shroud in darkness, to darken' (Hp., Att.; like ἐπι-θυμ-έω, - χειρ-έω a. o.) with - ησις f. (Plu. a. o.), - ος adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. σκοτάω in 3. pl. σκοτόωσι `their sight becomes darkened' (Nic.). 4. σκοτ-άζω, mostly w. συν-, `to become dark, to darken' (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with - ασμός m. (late). 5. - ίζω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, κατα-, `to darken' (hell. a. late) with - ισμός, - ισις (sp.). 6. σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει H. (cf. σκοτίας ab. A. 1).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [957] * sk(e)h₃t-, or * skot-?
    Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, σκότος has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for `shadow': Goth. skadus, OE sceadu (also `darkness'), OHG scato, -( a)wes, PGm. * skaðu- (after the opposite * haiðu- prop. `light-appearance' [= Skt. ketú-] in Goth. haidus `art and way' a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. scāth n. `shadow', IE * skōto- or * skāto- (diff. s. σκιά). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.
    Page in Frisk: 2,739-740

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκότος

  • 6 ζόφος

    ζόφος, ου, ὁ (Hom., Trag. et al.; Plut., Lucian; Epict., Fgm. p. 487, 2 Sch.; Sym., Philo; Ath., R. 19 p. 71, 30).
    ① darkness ranging from partial to total state, with suggestion of foreboding, darkness, gloom Hb 12:18.
    ② esp. darkness of the nether regions, gloom (Od. 20, 356), and these regions themselves (Il. 15, 191; 21, 56; Od. 11, 57) ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους either black darkness or the darkest nether regions 2 Pt 2:17; Jd 13 (the juxtaposition of ζ. and σκότος as Ael. Aristid. 24, 44 K.=44 p. 838 D.; Lucian, Catapl. 2); σειραὶ ζόφου chains of hell 2 Pt 2:4. ὑπὸ ζόφον in (lit. ‘under’) darkness (cp. Aeschyl., Pers. 839; Eur., Hipp. 1416.—Quint. Smyrn. 2, 619 ὑπὸ ζ. of the underworld) Jd 6. S. ταρταρόω.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ζόφος

  • 7 σκοτία

    σκοτίᾱ, σκότιος
    dark: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    σκοτίᾱ, σκότιος
    dark: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)
    σκοτίᾱ, σκοτία
    darkness: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    σκοτίᾱ, σκοτία
    darkness: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)
    ——————
    σκοτίᾱͅ, σκότιος
    dark: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)
    σκοτίαι, σκοτία
    darkness: fem nom /voc pl
    σκοτίᾱͅ, σκοτία
    darkness: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > σκοτία

  • 8 όρφνα

    ὄρφνᾱ, ὄρφνη
    the darkness: fem nom /voc /acc dual
    ὄρφνᾱ, ὄρφνη
    the darkness: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)
    ——————
    ὄρφναι, ὄρφνη
    the darkness: fem nom /voc pl
    ὄρφνᾱͅ, ὄρφνη
    the darkness: fem dat sg (doric aeolic)

    Morphologia Graeca > όρφνα

  • 9 ἀμολγός

    Grammatical information: m., (adj.)
    Meaning: `darkness'. Only (ἐν) νυκτὸς ἀμολγῳ̃ (Il. Λ 173, Ο 324, Χ 28, 317, 4 841). As adj. (prob. a secondary, learned development), E. Fr. 104 ἀμολγὸν νύκτα Εὑριπίδης Άλκμήνῃ ζοφερὰν καὶ σκοτεινήν. οἱ δε μέρος τῆς νυκτὸς καθ' ὅ ἀμέλγουσιν.
    Other forms: ὀμολγῳ̃ ζόφῳ Η. (ms. ὁμολογῶ)
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The meaning was already lost in antiquity. If a verbal noun of ἀμέλγω, ἀμολγός is `the milking' (oxytonesis then secondary). The expression μάζα ἀμολγαίη in Hesiod is interpreted by Proklos and in EM s. μάζα as ἀκμαία: τὸ γὰρ ἀμολγὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀκμαίου τίθεται. Thus also Eustathios on Ο 324: Άχαιοὶ δε κατὰ τοὺς γλωσσογράφους ἀμολγὸν την ἀκμήν φασι. But this meaning may have been derived from the text (Leumann Hom. Wörter 274). Nilsson Primitive Timereckoning 35f. took it as the time of milking at the beginning of the night. DELG thinks this interpretation more probable than that as `fullness'. Extensive lit. in DELG and Frisk III, e.g. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 262f.; 11, 108; 13, 166f.; Wahrmann Glotta 13, 98ff.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 164; Bolling AJPh. 78, 1958, 165-172; Szemerényi, Gnomon 43, 1971, 654. In my view (ε.) ν. α. simply means `in the darkness of the night', in Λ and Ο of beasts of prey attacking `in (the protection of) the darkness of the night', in Χ of stars being visible in the darkness. The latter excludes an indication of time, and shows that it must be a clear night, so that a connection with `milk(ing)' is excluded. It may be confirmed by the glosses ζόφῳ and ζοφερὰν καὶ σκοτεινήν. - If ὁμολογω point to *ὀμολγός, and if the ὀ- is not simply due to assimilation, the alternation ἀ\/ὀ- would point to a substr. word.
    Page in Frisk: 1,94

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμολγός

  • 10 αμφικνεφή

    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > αμφικνεφή

  • 11 ἀμφικνεφῆ

    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀμφικνεφῆ

  • 12 σκότει

    σκότος
    darkness: neut nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)
    σκότεϊ, σκότος
    darkness: neut dat sg (epic ionic)
    σκότος
    darkness: neut dat sg
    σκοτάω
    their sight is darkened: pres imperat act 2nd sg (attic epic ionic)
    σκοτάω
    their sight is darkened: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic ionic)

    Morphologia Graeca > σκότει

  • 13 σκότω

    σκότος
    darkness: masc nom /voc /acc dual
    σκότος
    darkness: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)
    σκοτόω
    darken: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)
    σκοτόω
    darken: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)
    ——————
    σκότος
    darkness: masc dat sg

    Morphologia Graeca > σκότω

  • 14 ψέφει

    ψέφος
    darkness: neut nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)
    ψέφεϊ, ψέφος
    darkness: neut dat sg (epic ionic)
    ψέφος
    darkness: neut dat sg

    Morphologia Graeca > ψέφει

  • 15 σκότος

    -ους + τό N 3 11-7-29-54-19=120 Gn 1,2.4.5.18; Ex 10,21
    darkness Gn 1,2
    *2 Sm 1,9 σκότος δεινόν dreadful darkness corr. σκοτόδινος for MT בץשׁ dizziness, vertigo; *2 Sm 22,12
    σκότος ὑδάτων dark-ness of waters-כת־מיםשׁח כהשׁח for MT רת־מיםשׁח רהשׁח a gathering of water;
    *Ps 54(55),6 σκότος darkness (of death)-צלמות? for MT פלצות shuddering
    Cf. LE BOULLUEC 1989 167-168(Ex 14,20); SHIPP 1979, 504-505; WALTERS 1973 36(2 Sm 1,9);
    →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > σκότος

  • 16 Ἔρεβος

    Ἔρεβος, τό: [dialect] Att. gen.
    A

    Ἐρέβους Ar.Av. 694

    , [dialect] Ion.

    Ἐρέβευς Il.8.368

    , Od.11.37, Ἐρέβεσφιν or Ἐρέβευσφιν, Hes.Th. 669, h.Cer. 349,

    ἐξ Ἐρεβ- Il.9.572

     : no dat. or pl. occurs:—Erebos, a place of nether darkness, forming a passage from Earth to Hades, Il.16.327, Od.10.528, al., Hes.Th. 515, etc. ; rare in Prose, Pl.Ax. 371e, Plu.2.953a, 1130d: metaph., ἔ. ὕφαλον the darkness of the deep, S.Ant. 589(lyr.) ; of a riddle,

    ἀξυνέτοις ἔ. AP7.429

     (Alc.).
    II personified, Hes.Th. 125. (Skt. rájas, Goth. riqis, ONorse røkkr 'darkness'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ἔρεβος

  • 17 καταλαμβάνω

    καταλαμβάνω (s. λαμβάνω; Hom.+) 2 aor. κατέλαβον; pf. κατείληφα. Mid.: fut. καταλήψομαι LXX; 2 aor. κατελαβόμην. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. καταλη(μ)θήσονται (PsSol 15:9); 1 aor. κατελήμφθην Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §101 p. 53 s.v. λαμβ.; Mlt-H. 246f s.v. λαμβ.; on the form κατειλήφθη J 8:4 in the older NT editions s. W-S. §12, 1); pf. 3 sg. κατείληπται, ptc. κατειλημμένος. Gener. ‘to seize, lay hold of’ (of forceful seizure Plut., Cleom. 806 [4, 2]; POxy 1101, 26; PsSol 8:19)
    ① to make someth. one’s own, win, attain, act. and pass. (Diog. L. 5, 12 καταλαμβάνω means ‘come into possession of an inheritance’); abs. (though τὸ βραβεῖον is to be supplied fr. the context) of the winning of a prize 1 Cor 9:24. As a result of διώκειν (cp. Diod S 17, 73, 3 ἐπιδιώκων … τὸν Δαρεῖον … καταλαβών; Sir 11:10 ἐὰν διώκῃς, οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃς; 27:8) Phil 3:12a, 13: Χριστόν, corresp. to κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰ. vs. 12b. δικαιοσύνην Ro 9:30. ἐπίγνωσιν πατρός Dg 10:1 cj (vGebhardt for καὶ λάβῃς). The pass. is found in the mng. make one’s own in the ending of Mark in the Freer ms. 3 (KHaacker, ZNW 63, ’72, 125–29).—This may also be the mng. of κ. in J 1:5 ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ (=τὸ φῶς) οὐ κατέλαβεν (-λαμβάνει Tat. 13, 1; cp. Arrian., An. Alex. 1, 5, 10 εἰ νὺξ αὐτοὺς καταλήψεται ‘if the night would overtake them’; here preceded in 1, 5, 9 by k. in the sense ‘occupy’ of positions above a plain; s. Wetstein on J 1:5 and 2b below) the darkness did not grasp it (Hdb. ad loc.; so also Bultmann, and similarly JDyer, JBL 79, ’60, 70f: appreciate), in which case grasp easily passes over to the sense comprehend (the act. [for the mid. in the same sense s. 4a below] has the latter sense in Pla., Phdr. 250d; Polyb. 8, 4, 6; Dionys. Hal. 5, 46, 3; PTebt 15, 5; 38, 18; EpArist 1; Aristobul. [Eus., PE 8, 10, 10 and 17=Denis 219, 18 and 221, 5/Holladay p. 140, 2f and 148, 3]; Philo, Mut. Nom. 4; Jos., Vi. 56). Most Greek commentators since Origen take κ. here as overcome, suppress (Hdt. 1, 46 κ. τινῶν αὐξανομένην τὴν δύναμιν; 1, 87 τὸ πῦρ; WNagel, ZNW 50, ’59, 132–37). So Goodsp. put out (Probs. 93f). But perh. J intended to include both mngs. here (so FGingrich, ClW 37, ’43, 77), and some such transl. as master would suggest this (so MSmith, JBL 64, ’45, 510f).
    ② to gain control of someone through pursuit, catch up with, seize
    ⓐ of authority figures catch up with, overtake (Hdt. 1:63 τοὺς φεύγοντας; Polyb. 1:47; Gen. 31:23; Judg 18:22; PsSol 15:8) διωκόμενοι κατελήμφθησαν they were pursued and overtaken AcPl Ha 11, 18.
    ⓑ mostly of varieties of evil seize w. hostile intent, overtake, come upon (Hom.+; oft. LXX; TestSol 2:4 D; Wetstein and Zahn [comm.] on J 1:5 for other exx.; s. also SIG 434/5, 14) μὴ ἡμᾶς καταλάβῃ κακά lest evil overtake us (cp. Gen 19:19; Num 32:23) 2 Cl 10:1; cp. B 4:1. Of a hostile divinity ὅπου ἐὰν αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ wherever it seizes him (the sick man) Mk 9:18.
    ⓒ esp. used of night, evening, darkness coming upon a pers. (Dionys. Hal. 2, 51, 3 ἑσπέρα γὰρ αὐτοὺς κατέλαβεν; Lucian, Tox. 31; 52; Philo, De Jos. 145; Jos., Ant. 5, 61 καταλαβοῦσα νύξ, Vi. 329 [GrBar 9:1]. But the thought in these instances is not necessarily always that of night as something hostile to humans in general. κ. can also mean simply ‘arrive’, ‘come on’, as in numerous exx. cited by Wetstein [above]; s. also Dionys. Hal. 10, 56, 1 ἐπεὶ κατέλαβεν ὁ τ. ἀρχαιρεσιῶν καιρός; Strabo 3, 1, 5; Jos., Ant. 4, 78) GJs 14:1 κατέλαβεν (-ἐβαλεν pap) αὐτὸν νύξ; J 6:17 v.l. σκοτία. In imagery, w. sugg. of sense in 2b: 12:35.
    ③ to come upon someone, with implication of surprise, catch
    ⓐ of moral authorities catch, detect (PLille 3, 58 [III B.C.]; Just., D. 47, 5 [noncanonical dominical saying]; PRyl 138, 15. Esp. of the detection of adultery Epict. 2, 4, 1; BGU 1024 III, 11; Sus 58) τινὰ ἐπί τινι someone in someth. ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ in adultery (Diod S 10, 20, 2 ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ κατειλημμένη) J 8:3 a woman caught in the act of adultery. Pass. (Just., A I, 47, 6) w. ptc. indicating the punishable act ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ μοιχουομένη in the act of committing adultery vs. 4.
    ⓑ of a thief: in imagery of the coming of ‘the day’, unexpected by the ‘children of darkness’ and fraught w. danger for them 1 Th 5:4.
    ④ to process information, understand, grasp
    ⓐ learn about someth. through process of inquiry, mid. grasp, find, understand (Dionys. Hal. 2, 66, 6; Sext. Emp., Math. 7, 288; Vett. Val. 225, 8; TestJob 37:6 τὰ βάθη τοῦ κυρίου al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 278; Jos., Ant. 8, 167; Tat. 4:2 [on Ro 1:20]; Ath. 5, 2; 24, 2) w. acc. and inf. Ac 25:25. W. ὅτι foll. 4:13; 10:34. W. indirect discourse foll. Eph 3:18.
    ⓑ on J 1:5 s. 1 and 2 above.—B. 701; 1207. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καταλαμβάνω

  • 18 πεδάω

    πεδάω (fr. πέδη, cp. πέζα ‘instep’ Pollux 2, 192) aor. ptc. acc. pl. πεδήσαντες Da 3:20 Theod. Pass.: aor. ἐπεδήθην Da 4:33a, ptc. πεδήθεις (Tat. 9, 3); pf. 3 sg. πεπέδηται (Ath., R. 15 p. 66, 33), ptc. πεπεδημένος (Hom. et al.; also Paus. 8, 49, 6; LXX) ‘bind the feet with fetters’, then gener. bind, fetter, shackle (En 21:4; Philo, Aet. M. 129; SibOr 1, 371) ἐξαγαγεῖν ἐκ δεσμῶν πεπεδημένους καὶ ἐξ οἴκου φυλακῆς καθημένους ἐν σκότει to free prisoners from their bonds and from their dungeon those who sit in darkness B 14:7 (here, as in Just., the word πεπεδημένους, which occurs in sim. LXX passages [e.g. Ps 67:7 ἐξάγων πεπεδημένους], has come into the context of Is 42:7). The emendation πεπεδημένοι (for πεπηδημένοι) has been suggested for AcPl BMM verso 5, but Sanders, favoring Septuagint usage of ἐκπηδάω (q.v. 3) restores: [οἱ ἐ]ν̣ σκοτίᾳ θαν[άτου ἐκ]|πεπηδημένοι lines 4f (s. his note). The text continues: φῶς ἀνέτειλεν ὑμῖν and with the form πεπεδημένοι (which also fits in the lacuna of AcPl Ha 8, 32f) can be rendered for you, fettered in the darkness of death, the light has shined (cp. τοὺς νεκροὺς … πεπεδημένους καὶ τεθλιμμένους ἐν σκότῳ καὶ γνόφῳ ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἅιδου Cleopatra p. 15 ln. 44). But Sanders is reluctant to “accept an emendation in a manuscript so carefully written and belonging to the third century” (HTR 31, ’38, 87) and interprets ‘those who are living (sinfully) in the darkness of death’.—DELG s.v. πέδη.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πεδάω

  • 19 αμφικνεφεί

    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut dat sg

    Morphologia Graeca > αμφικνεφεί

  • 20 ἀμφικνεφεῖ

    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)
    ἀμφικνεφής
    wrapped in darkness: masc /fem /neut dat sg

    Morphologia Graeca > ἀμφικνεφεῖ

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